20:
88:
958:
225:. Manufactured by Sedron Technologies, the proof of concept model was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The S100 prototype model can produce 10,800 liters of drinking water per day and 100 kW net electricity. A larger model under development, the S200, is designed to handle the waste from 100,000 people, produce 86,000 liters of drinking water per day and 250 kW net output electricity. These systems are designed to provide a "self-sustaining
2034:
206:
2607:
2045:
52:, while simultaneously creating commercially valuable byproducts (e.g., energy). Air from feces are separated from common air, then these collected air from feces are compressed like (LPG) and used as fuel. An omni processor mitigates unsafe methods in developing countries of capturing and treating human waste, which annually result in the spread of disease and the deaths of more than 1.5 million children.
267:
1462:
324:
is being complemented by an effort to develop new technologies for improved pit latrine emptying (called by the Gates
Foundation the "omni ingestor") and by the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge. The latter is a long-term research and development effort to develop a hygienic, stand-alone toilet. It is
232:
The treatment process first involves boiling (or thermally drying) the sewage sludge, during which water vapor is boiled off and recovered. A dry sludge is left behind which is then combusted as fuel to heat a boiler. This boiler produces steam and the heat necessary for the boiling process. The
135:
which lack a supporting infrastructure of fecal sludge collection and processing when the pits are full. Sludge from pit latrines has to be removed from the pits for treatment and disposal either by pumping (if the fecal sludge is sufficiently liquid) or by manual emptying with shovels or other
293:
in seconds. Byproducts include distilled water, clean water which contains suspended inorganic minerals that can be utilized as fertilizers. The unit generates more than 900 liters of water for each ton of processed waste and the water can be processed further to drinking water.
1891:
161:, in 2014 in partnership with the Climate Foundation. This system was designed to process non-sewered sanitation for populations between 100 and 10,000 people. The prototype was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. In 2016 a biogenic refinery was delivered to
237:
purification stages to produce safe drinking water, and to power ancillary pumps, fans and motors. The process immediately uses the solid fuel it produces, and therefore the process does not make a solid fuel product as an end product.
59:
is a general term for a range of self-sustaining, independently developed systems designed with the same end in mind, to transform and extract value from human waste — using various technological approaches, including
257:
Climate
Foundation, in collaboration with Stanford University, has built several pilot-scale reactors to treat human waste and turn it into biochar, which can be used as an agricultural soil amendment.
297:
The continuous process utilizes the energy embedded in the waste, thus enabling operating off-the-grid. 374Water is a Duke
University spin-off company aiming to commercialize the SCWO technology.
95:
Since 2012, the Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation has been funding research into omni processors. An omni processor is any of various types of technologies that treat fecal sludge, also known as
289:
The waste (sludge) is reacted with air at temperatures and pressures above the critical point of water (374 °C, 221 Bar) to convert all of the organics into clean water and CO
1948:
487:
1884:
787:
91:
The omni processor was developed to provide a low-cost method of treating human waste which would otherwise be disposed of by such unsanitary means as river dumping
1869:
341:). It should operate "off the grid" without connections to water, sewer, or electrical networks. Finally, it should cost less than 5 US-cents per user per day.
2130:
381:
140:). Despite new low-cost pumps being developed, only a small fraction of sludge is safely extracted and treated currently in many African and Asian cities.
1716:
1017:
991:
127:, although challenges around technical and financial aspects remain. Omni processors and omni ingestors are being designed to provide an alternative to
732:
19:
2496:
189:. In 2019, a system was set up at a dairy farm to process the separated solids from cow manure. This system demonstrated a significant reduction in
1978:
611:"Conversion of human waste into biochar using pyrolysis at a community-scale facility in Kenya - Various documents on results from research grant"
358:
drank the water produced from Sedron
Technologies' omni processor system, causing widespread media attention. In early 2015, Gates appeared on
780:
286:(SCWO) process. The SCWO technology can covert any type of organic waste (fecal, food waste, paper, plastic, etc.) to energy and clean water.
2205:
1879:
1726:
2102:
1993:
446:
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in the U.S. have developed and are testing a pilot fecal sludge treatment unit that fits in a 20-foot shipping container and treats the
169:(UDDTs) as part of the Alaska Water & Sewer Challenge. In 2017, three systems were shipped to India and installed in the cities of
407:. Consultancy report by WERF (Water Environment Research Foundation), commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
2632:
2491:
2059:
2054:
1093:
41:
2361:
1314:
1002:
773:
185:) from the thermal energy from the processing of fecal sludge, at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation reinvented toilet event in
1973:
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and simultaneously extract byproducts with commercial value, for example energy or soil nutrients, the latter which could be
760:
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in agriculture. The omni processor program, which targets community-scale solutions that may optionally combine sludge and
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2265:
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1983:
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1953:
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1854:
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1218:
1203:
936:
820:
209:
Omni processor (sewage sludge treatment system using combustion) at Sedron
Technologies' headquarters in the U.S.
733:
Brief overview of conditions for water, sanitation and hygiene grants by the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation
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1208:
1152:
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steam is then used to generate electrical energy. Some of this electrical energy is used for the final water
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The U.S.-based company Sedron
Technologies (formerly Janicki Bioenergy) presented in 2014 a prototype using
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722:. Consultancy report by Synapse (USA) commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
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2343:
2008:
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1601:
1506:
1248:
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refers to the ability of an omni processor to treat a wide variety of waste streams or fuel sources.
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1968:
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1233:
1228:
1183:
1142:
1072:
957:
447:"The Missing Link in Sanitation Service Delivery, A Review of Fecal Sludge Management in 12 Cities"
270:
Pilot omni processor for fecal sludge treatment by supercritical oxidation at Duke
University, U.S.
181:
in partnership with Tide
Technocrats. In 2018 a prototype was shown that can generate electricity (
154:
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2537:
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2401:
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2125:
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2013:
1958:
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1051:
1033:
1022:
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911:
638:- Various documents on results from research grant. Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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to see if he could taste the difference between water from this particular "omni processor" or
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2003:
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1213:
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system-based technologies. They are also intended to address the large number of existing
1259:
205:
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1137:
1119:
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190:
463:
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1988:
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1396:
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365:
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2220:
1963:
1613:
1451:
1366:
1329:
1173:
279:
245:, Senegal, in 2015 and can now treat the fecal sludge of 50,000-100,000 people.
178:
132:
112:
108:
563:"From poop to portable, This Ingenious Machine Turns Feces Into Drinking Water"
266:
221:
system that produces drinking water and electrical energy as end products from
2547:
2411:
2111:
2018:
1376:
1361:
761:
Water, sanitation and hygiene program of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
744:
355:
214:
61:
747:. Youtube Channel of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. 22 January 2015.
588:
44:
to describe a range of physical, biological or chemical treatments to remove
2381:
2328:
2180:
1998:
1551:
1290:
1243:
966:
720:
Synapse Dewatering Investigation Report - Omni-Ingestor Phase 2, Milestone 1
309:
226:
158:
100:
69:
16:
Group of physical, biological or chemical treatments to process fecal sludge
1461:
765:
55:
Rather than a trademark, or a reference to a specific technology, the term
23:
Omni Processor pilot plant by Sedron Technologies treating fecal sludge in
2308:
2200:
2135:
1521:
1481:
1401:
330:
305:
174:
128:
45:
542:"BBC news article "Bill Gates drinks water distilled from human faeces""
516:
241:
A pilot project of Sedron Technologies' omni processor was installed in
2235:
1491:
1067:
636:
Neighborhood-scale treatment of fecal sludge by supercritical oxidation
376:
321:
312:-based fecal sludge treatment unit designed to serve over 2000 people.
194:
186:
96:
49:
2250:
2240:
1436:
1391:
337:
such as energy, clean water, and nutrients (a concept also known as
2155:
1431:
1294:
265:
242:
204:
86:
24:
18:
2084:
1263:
769:
649:"Current Progress – Community Treatment | Sanitation Solutions"
115:
emptying ("omni-ingestor") and "Reinvent the Toilet" programs.
2080:
697:
157:
that delivered the first biogenic refinery (OP) prototype to
673:"Duke Startup Converts Fecal Sludge To Clean Reusable Water"
2303:
329:". The aim is to create a toilet that not only removes
193:
while reducing solids volume by over 90% and producing
421:"Gates drinks water made from faeces – and so do you!"
403:
Kuchenrither, R. D., Stone, L., Haug, R. T. (2012),
2515:
2342:
2264:
2118:
1941:
1910:
1820:
1672:
1469:
1305:
1129:
1032:
965:
803:
1949:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
617:. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (library). 2014
123:The omni processor is targeted as a solution for
2096:
1275:
781:
591:. BBC News Business Section. 16 November 2016
320:The omni processor initiative for processing
8:
136:devices (in India, this practice is called
2103:
2089:
2081:
1282:
1268:
1260:
788:
774:
766:
308:PLC in the United Kingdom is developing a
698:"Oya project - community waste treatment"
464:"Alaska Water and Sewer Challenge (AWSC)"
111:processing, complements the foundation's
36:is a term coined in 2012 by staff of the
881:Environmentally healthy community design
677:Duke Civil and Environmental Engineering
382:Inside Bill's Brain: Decoding Bill Gates
153:Biomass Controls PBC is a U.S. Delaware
1979:High-level radioactive waste management
745:"Bill Gates and Jimmy Drink Poop Water"
393:
515:. Sedron Technologies. Archived from
7:
1994:Sewage regulation and administration
536:
534:
415:
413:
399:
397:
589:"The firms turning poo into profit"
354:In a publicity stunt in late 2014,
282:of roughly 1000 people using a new
42:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
2492:Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
1018:waste-water treatment technologies
718:Frederick, R., Gurski, T. (2012).
567:gatesnotes, The Blog of Bill Gates
405:Omni-Processor Landscaping Project
38:Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Program
14:
2362:Agricultural wastewater treatment
1003:agricultural wastewater treatment
2606:
2605:
2044:
2043:
2032:
1974:Extended producer responsibility
1460:
956:
2422:Industrial wastewater treatment
2392:Decentralized wastewater system
1532:Mechanical biological treatment
1084:List of energy storage projects
1008:industrial wastewater treatment
861:Environmental impact assessment
831:Environmental impact assessment
731:Radke, N., Spuhler, D. (2013)
1:
2442:Rotating biological contactor
375:The project was covered in a
333:from human excreta, but also
284:supercritical water oxidation
66:supercritical water oxidation
427:. Rémi Kaupp. 9 January 2015
361:Late Night With Jimmy Fallon
325:focused on "reinventing the
262:Duke University and 374Water
1984:History of waste management
866:Environmental impact design
167:urine-diverting dry toilets
2669:
2653:Waste treatment technology
2507:Wastewater treatment plant
2274:Adsorbable organic halides
1572:fluorescent lamp recycling
1224:High-performance buildings
155:public benefit corporation
2633:Environmental engineering
2601:
2279:Biochemical oxygen demand
2027:
1458:
1219:Heat recovery ventilation
1204:Environmental remediation
954:
821:Climate smart agriculture
653:sanitation.pratt.duke.edu
1954:China's waste import ban
1209:Glass in green buildings
1153:sustainable architecture
797:Environmental technology
379:documentary mini-series
316:Related research efforts
191:greenhouse gas emissions
165:, for the processing of
2467:Sewage sludge treatment
2407:Fecal sludge management
2367:API oil–water separator
2334:Wastewater surveillance
1315:Agricultural wastewater
513:"Omni Processor - S100"
492:www.gatesfoundation.org
219:sewage sludge treatment
2324:Total suspended solids
2319:Total dissolved solids
2284:Chemical oxygen demand
2039:Environment portal
1717:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1607:water recycling shower
1199:Environmental movement
896:Sustainability science
886:Public interest design
811:Appropriate technology
634:Deshusses, M. (2013).
271:
210:
92:
28:
2191:Industrial wastewater
1407:Municipal solid waste
1387:Industrial wastewater
1078:hydrogen technologies
992:Solid waste treatment
488:"Reinvent the Toilet"
269:
217:. Their process is a
208:
90:
48:from human-generated
22:
2533:Groundwater recharge
1602:water heat recycling
1507:Garden waste dumping
1249:Water heat recycling
1179:Efficient energy use
1169:Conservation biology
1106:Sustainable lighting
1042:Efficient energy use
856:Environmental Design
826:Environmental design
149:Biomass Controls PBC
125:developing countries
2447:Secondary treatment
2432:Membrane bioreactor
2387:Constructed wetland
2186:Infiltration/Inflow
1969:Eco-industrial park
1557:appliance recycling
1477:Anaerobic digestion
1422:Post-consumer waste
1320:Biodegradable waste
1234:Nature conservation
1229:Land rehabilitation
1184:Energy conservation
1073:carbon-neutral fuel
981:dispersion modeling
345:Society and culture
201:Sedron Technologies
2612:Category: Sewerage
2573:Septic drain field
2538:Infiltration basin
2482:Stabilization pond
2402:Facultative lagoon
2266:Quality indicators
2146:Blackwater (waste)
2126:Acid mine drainage
2014:Waste minimisation
1959:Cleaner production
1624:Reusable packaging
1537:Mechanical sorting
1340:Construction waste
1052:Energy development
1034:Sustainable energy
1023:water purification
987:Industrial ecology
452:. WSP. April 2014.
335:recovers resources
272:
249:Climate Foundation
211:
93:
29:
2620:
2619:
2397:Extended aeration
2344:Treatment options
2294:Oxygen saturation
2141:Blackwater (coal)
2119:Sources and types
2078:
2077:
2009:Waste legislation
1918:Sanitation worker
1892:London Convention
1828:Bamako Convention
1619:Resource recovery
1587:textile recycling
1582:plastic recycling
1562:battery recycling
1502:Ecological design
1427:Radioactive waste
1257:
1256:
1094:commercialization
519:on 9 January 2015
138:manual scavenging
2660:
2609:
2608:
2528:Evaporation pond
2516:Disposal options
2487:Trickling filter
2472:Sewage treatment
2372:Carbon filtering
2352:Activated sludge
2105:
2098:
2091:
2082:
2047:
2046:
2037:
2036:
1902:OSPAR Convention
1833:Basel Convention
1644:Waste collection
1634:Sewage treatment
1592:timber recycling
1567:bottle recycling
1547:Reclaimed lumber
1542:Photodegradation
1464:
1382:Industrial waste
1350:Electronic waste
1345:Demolition waste
1325:Biomedical waste
1299:waste management
1284:
1277:
1270:
1261:
1194:Energy recycling
1115:electric vehicle
1089:Renewable energy
1063:alternative fuel
1013:sewage treatment
997:Waste management
960:
851:Energy recycling
846:Electric vehicle
816:Clean technology
790:
783:
776:
767:
749:
748:
741:
735:
729:
723:
716:
710:
709:
707:
705:
694:
688:
687:
685:
684:
669:
663:
662:
660:
659:
645:
639:
632:
626:
625:
623:
622:
607:
601:
600:
598:
596:
585:
579:
578:
576:
574:
569:. 5 January 2015
559:
553:
552:
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548:
538:
529:
528:
526:
524:
509:
503:
502:
500:
499:
484:
478:
477:
475:
474:
460:
454:
453:
451:
443:
437:
436:
434:
432:
417:
408:
401:
339:reuse of excreta
163:Kivalina, Alaska
159:New Delhi, India
2668:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2597:
2563:Reclaimed water
2511:
2437:Reverse osmosis
2338:
2260:
2226:Reverse osmosis
2151:Boiler blowdown
2114:
2109:
2079:
2074:
2050:Category: Waste
2031:
2023:
2004:Waste hierarchy
1937:
1928:Waste collector
1906:
1897:Oslo Convention
1816:
1668:
1664:Waste-to-energy
1659:Waste treatment
1629:Right to repair
1527:Landfill mining
1512:Illegal dumping
1465:
1456:
1417:Packaging waste
1412:Open defecation
1372:Hazardous waste
1301:
1288:
1258:
1253:
1214:Green computing
1189:Energy recovery
1125:
1057:Energy recovery
1047:Electrification
1028:
974:Air pollution (
961:
952:
799:
794:
757:
752:
743:
742:
738:
730:
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717:
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703:
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629:
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462:
461:
457:
449:
445:
444:
440:
430:
428:
419:
418:
411:
402:
395:
391:
364:and challenged
352:
350:Media attention
347:
318:
303:
292:
276:Duke University
264:
253:The U.S.-based
251:
235:reverse osmosis
203:
151:
146:
121:
85:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2666:
2664:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
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2625:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2588:Surface runoff
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2568:Sanitary sewer
2565:
2560:
2558:Marine outfall
2555:
2553:Marine dumping
2550:
2545:
2543:Injection well
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2523:Combined sewer
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
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2462:Settling basin
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2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
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2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2357:Aerated lagoon
2354:
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2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
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2316:
2311:
2306:
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2289:Coliform index
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2231:Sanitary sewer
2228:
2223:
2218:
2216:Produced water
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:Combined sewer
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2041:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1930:
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1923:Street sweeper
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1111:Transportation
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891:Sustainability
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755:External links
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700:. Unilever, UK
689:
664:
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615:www.susana.org
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468:dec.alaska.gov
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274:Scientists at
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187:Beijing, China
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57:omni processor
33:Omni processor
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2452:Sedimentation
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2246:Sewage sludge
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2171:Cooling water
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2166:Cooling tower
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2131:Ballast water
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2070:Organizations
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2015:
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1989:Landfill fire
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1649:Waste sorting
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1397:Marine debris
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937:refurbishment
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905:
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900:Sustainable (
899:
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876:Green vehicle
874:
872:
869:
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849:
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841:Ecotechnology
839:
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386:
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378:
373:
371:
370:bottled water
367:
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349:
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315:
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230:
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224:
223:sewage sludge
220:
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82:
80:
78:
75:In the term,
73:
71:
67:
63:
58:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
34:
26:
21:
2593:Vacuum sewer
2477:Sewer mining
2427:Ion exchange
2377:Chlorination
2299:Heavy metals
2256:Urban runoff
2196:Ion exchange
2176:Fecal sludge
1942:Other topics
1933:Waste picker
1860:incineration
1639:Urban mining
1517:Incineration
1497:Durable good
1442:Sharps waste
1402:Mining waste
1239:Permaculture
1158:New Urbanism
1130:Conservation
922:food systems
907:architecture
739:
727:
714:
702:. Retrieved
692:
681:. Retrieved
679:. 2018-10-26
676:
667:
656:. Retrieved
652:
643:
630:
619:. Retrieved
614:
605:
593:. Retrieved
583:
571:. Retrieved
566:
557:
545:. Retrieved
521:. Retrieved
517:the original
507:
496:. Retrieved
494:. 2001-01-01
491:
482:
471:. Retrieved
467:
458:
441:
429:. Retrieved
424:
380:
374:
359:
353:
327:flush toilet
322:fecal sludge
319:
304:
296:
288:
280:fecal matter
273:
252:
240:
231:
212:
152:
133:pit latrines
122:
94:
76:
74:
56:
54:
50:fecal sludge
37:
32:
31:
30:
2583:Storm drain
2578:Sewage farm
2502:Vermifilter
2457:Septic tank
2417:Imhoff tank
2314:Temperature
2221:Return flow
2211:Papermaking
1964:Downcycling
1911:Occupations
1880:waste water
1777:Switzerland
1767:South Korea
1757:New Zealand
1682:Afghanistan
1654:Waste trade
1614:Repurposing
1452:Toxic waste
1432:Scrap metal
1367:Green waste
1330:Brown waste
1307:Major types
1174:Ecoforestry
932:procurement
917:development
902:agriculture
595:17 November
425:WaterAid UK
229:" process.
113:pit latrine
109:solid waste
2638:Sanitation
2627:Categories
2548:Irrigation
2412:Filtration
2112:Wastewater
2019:Zero waste
1821:Agreements
1752:Kazakhstan
1707:Bangladesh
1492:Composting
1377:Heat waste
1362:Food waste
1355:by country
1143:insulation
1136:Building (
1099:transition
942:technology
927:industries
683:2020-02-16
658:2020-02-16
621:2015-06-26
573:13 January
547:11 January
498:2020-12-30
473:2020-12-30
431:13 January
389:References
356:Bill Gates
215:combustion
119:Challenges
99:to remove
83:Background
62:combustion
2643:Bioenergy
2382:Clarifier
2329:Turbidity
2181:Greywater
1999:Upcycling
1865:landfills
1855:framework
1848:Recycling
1843:batteries
1772:Sri Lanka
1732:Hong Kong
1697:Australia
1674:Countries
1552:Recycling
1470:Processes
1291:Biosolids
1244:Recycling
967:Pollution
947:transport
331:pathogens
310:pyrolysis
227:bioenergy
101:pathogens
70:pyrolysis
46:pathogens
27:, Senegal
2648:Biofuels
2309:Salinity
2201:Leachate
2136:Bathroom
2060:Journals
1875:vehicles
1797:Thailand
1787:Tanzania
1522:Landfill
1482:Balefill
306:Unilever
301:Unilever
179:Narsapur
175:Warangal
144:Examples
129:sewerage
2236:Septage
1727:Georgia
1702:Belgium
1692:Armenia
1687:Albania
1148:natural
1068:biofuel
1001:Water (
976:control
804:General
377:Netflix
195:biochar
97:septage
40:of the
2610:
2251:Toilet
2241:Sewage
2206:Manure
2048:
1802:Turkey
1792:Taiwan
1762:Russia
1742:Israel
1712:Brazil
1437:Sewage
1392:Litter
1297:, and
1061:Fuel (
912:design
366:Fallon
105:reused
2156:Brine
2065:Lists
2055:Index
1782:Syria
1747:Japan
1737:India
1722:Egypt
1295:waste
1138:green
704:8 May
523:8 May
450:(PDF)
243:Dakar
25:Dakar
2497:UASB
1885:WEEE
1870:RoHS
706:2015
597:2016
575:2015
549:2015
525:2015
433:2015
197:.
183:mCHP
177:and
77:omni
68:and
255:NGO
171:Wai
2629::
2304:pH
1293:,
675:.
651:.
613:.
565:.
533:^
490:.
466:.
423:.
412:^
396:^
385:.
372:.
173:,
72:.
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1122:)
1113:(
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949:)
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782:t
775:v
708:.
686:.
661:.
624:.
599:.
577:.
551:.
527:.
501:.
476:.
435:.
291:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
