304:
seller for many weeks. His work has also received criticisms. One of the main criticisms has been that the work is overly simplistic and too narrow: that the book does not acknowledge the many dynamic factors involved in communication, or the dynamic nature of truth. This criticism also explains that the work is limited in its analysis of other motives and forms of bullshit aside from one stemming from a lack of concern for the truth. One critic notes that the book does not mention, or dismisses, the audience's ability to detect bullshit: that
Frankfurt's explanation of bullshit presents a narrative where bullshit goes unnoticed or is easily excusable by its audience. Another critic points to the book's failure to rewrite the
252:. Both people who are lying and people who are telling the truth are focused on the truth. The liar wants to steer people away from discovering the truth, and the person telling the truth wants to present the truth. The bullshitter differs from both liars and people presenting the truth with their disregard of the truth. Frankfurt explains how bullshitters or people who are bullshitting are distinct, as they are not focused on the truth. A person who communicates bullshit is not interested in whether what they say is true or false, only in its suitability for their purpose. In his book, Frankfurt defines "shit", "bull session" and "bull". This is done in a
228:. Black's essay on humbug and Frankfurt's book on bullshit are similar. Both focus on understanding, defining and explaining their respective concepts and using examples. Frankfurt focuses on humbug, as he believes that it is similar to bullshit but is the more respectful term. Frankfurt uses Black's work on humbug to break down the description of humbug into defining factors: "deceptive misrepresentation", "short of lying” "misrepresentation... of somebody's own thoughts, feelings, or attitudes", and "especially by pretentious word or deed". Frankfurt's analysis enables him to distinguish between humbug and
295:, there is an expectation to participate in the conversation and provide an opinion. This opinion is likely to be bullshit at times, as it is not based on fact and research. The opinion is motivated by a disregard of the truth with a desire to appear knowledgeable or adequately opinionated. Frankfurt acknowledges that bullshitting may not always be intentional but believes that ultimately it is performed with a disregard and carelessness of the truth. Frankfurt argues that this rise in bullshit is dangerous, as it accepts and enables a growing disregard of the truth.
143:
261:
lying. First, the liar is viewed as being purposefully deceitful or harmful because of the accompanying intent behind the act. Second, the person who bullshits lacks the kind of intention characteristic of the liar. Producing bullshit requires no knowledge of the truth. The liar is intentionally avoiding the truth, and the bullshitter may potentially be telling the truth or providing elements of the truth without the intention of doing so. Frankfurt believes that bullshitters and the growing
260:
Next, Frankfurt focuses on the complete word and its implications and acceptance. He presents an example of advice provided to a child from his father which encourages choosing bullshit over lying when possible. Frankfurt gives two reasons for the different levels of consequences between bullshit and
265:
of bullshit are more harmful to society than liars and lying. This is because liars actively consider the truth when they conceal it, whereas bullshitters completely disregard the truth. "Bullshit is a greater enemy of the truth than lies are." Frankfurt believes that while bullshit may be tolerated
138:
that defines the concept and analyzes the applications of bullshit in the context of communication. Frankfurt determines that bullshit is speech intended to persuade without regard for truth. The liar cares about the truth and attempts to hide it; the bullshitter doesn't care whether what they say
303:
The responses to
Frankfurt's work have varied greatly. Since the publication, it has been discussed, adapted, praised and criticized. It has received a positive reception by many academics, is considered remarkable by some, and its popularity amongst the public is evident with its status as a best
236:. To Frankfurt, people tend to bullshit due to another motive that could hide something. The comparison of humbug to lying acts as an initial introduction to bullshit. Humbug is closely related to bullshit, but Frankfurt believes that it is inadequate to explain bullshit and its characteristics.
282:
have increased, leading to more bullshit being seen, read and heard. He states that the social expectation for individuals to have and express their opinions on all matters requires more bullshit. Despite a lack of knowledge on a subject matter, for example,
40:
340:". However, researchers explain that chatbots are not bullshiting machines, it is when humans or organizations uncritically use erroneous chatbot-generated content for tasks, that the hallucinatory response becomes transformed into “botshit”.
256:
manner which breaks down the word bullshit and examines each component. The components of the word bullshit highlights the corresponding terms that encompass the overall meaning of the word bullshit: useless, insignificance and nonsense.
204:
Respect for the truth and a concern for the truth are among the foundations for civilization. I was for a long time disturbed by the lack of respect for the truth that I observed... bullshit is one of the deformities of these
552:
212:
addresses his concern and makes a distinction between "bullshitters" and liars. He concludes that bullshitters are more insidious: they are more of a threat against the truth than are liars.
1541:
1536:
308:
essay to include an acknowledgement or discussion of criticism and accounting for any of the new developments and ideas within psychology and philosophy for the publication of his book.
232:. The main distinction is the intent that motivates them. The intent behind humbug is misrepresentation, whereas the intent behind lying is more extreme, intending to cover the
584:
1282:"Psychological, Philosophical, and Educational Criticisms of Harry Frankfurt's Concept of and Views about "Bullshit" in Human Discourse, Discussions, and Exchanges"
1104:"Psychological, Philosophical, and Educational Criticisms of Harry Frankfurt's Concept of and Views about "Bullshit" in Human Discourse, Discussions, and Exchanges"
743:"Psychological, Philosophical, and Educational Criticisms of Harry Frankfurt's Concept of and Views about "Bullshit" in Human Discourse, Discussions, and Exchanges"
562:
311:
Despite all these criticisms, as previously mentioned, the work is popular and has received a positive reception. The anthropologist and anarchist
333:
139:
is true or false. Frankfurt's philosophical analysis of bullshit has been analyzed, criticized and adopted by academics since its publication.
244:
Frankfurt's book focuses heavily on defining and discussing the difference between lying and bullshit. The main difference between the two is
1205:
166:
1492:
1431:
1412:
1185:
1031:
1006:
957:
907:
839:
814:
789:
725:
614:
466:
114:
1403:
Blessing, Kimberly A.; Marren, Joseph J. (2007). "Bullshit and
Political Spin: Is the Medium the Massage?". In Holt, Jason (ed.).
365:
1521:
1516:
174:
605:
Blessing, Kimberly; Marren, Joseph (2013), "More
Bullshit: Political Spin and the PR-ization of Media", in Holt, Jason (ed.),
445:
433:
590:
1531:
458:
413:
142:
76:
274:
Frankfurt concludes his book by discussing the rise of bullshit. He does not argue that there is more bullshit in
392:
157:
874:
856:
1175:
924:
1511:
1483:
Sneddon, Andrew (2007). "Bullshitting
Bullshitters and the Bullshit They Say". In Holt, Jason (ed.).
325:
354:
197:
973:
1526:
1466:
1361:
1301:
1262:
1131:
1079:
666:
526:
1488:
1427:
1408:
1381:
1342:
1181:
1123:
1071:
1027:
1002:
953:
903:
835:
810:
785:
762:
721:
610:
462:
441:
429:
417:
405:
109:
1150:
678:. Interview conducted by Ben Tate, Director of Subsidiary Rights, Princeton University Press.
647:. Interview conducted by Ben Tate, Director of Subsidiary Rights, Princeton University Press.
1458:
1373:
1332:
1293:
1254:
1217:
1115:
1063:
754:
518:
421:
131:
50:
324:
Frankfurt's concept of bullshit has been taken up as a description of the behavior of
220:
Frankfurt begins his work on bullshit by presenting an explanation and examination of
1505:
1470:
371:
337:
317:
312:
279:
1305:
1135:
607:
The
Ultimate Daily Show and Philosophy: More Moments of Zen, More Indecision Theory
253:
165:(2005), which proved popular among lay readers; the book appeared for 27 weeks on
39:
1377:
425:
377:
305:
1337:
452:
1462:
1297:
1119:
758:
691:
658:
631:
349:
262:
128:
1385:
1362:"Beware of botshit: How to manage the epistemic risks of generative chatbots"
1346:
1320:
1221:
1127:
1075:
766:
1476:
1281:
1103:
742:
249:
245:
221:
17:
1206:"A New Take on Deceptive Advertising: Beyond Frankfurt's Analysis of 'BS'"
1258:
1067:
558:
522:
359:
288:
284:
184:
135:
1266:
1242:
1083:
1051:
530:
506:
329:
275:
1485:
The Daily Show and
Philosophy: Moments of Zen in the Art of Fake News
1405:
The Daily Show and
Philosophy: Moments of Zen in the Art of Fake News
225:
1442:
1360:
Hannigan, Timothy R.; McCarthy, Ian P.; Spicer, André (2024-09-01).
1319:
Hicks, Michael
Townsen; Humphries, James; Slater, Joe (2024-06-08).
659:"On Bullshit (Part 2; 5:20): A Conversation with Harry G. Frankfurt"
632:"On Bullshit (Part 1; 6:12): A Conversation with Harry G. Frankfurt"
931:(Fall 2021 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
233:
141:
200:. When asked why he decided to focus on bullshit, he explained:
292:
278:
now than there was in the past. He explains that all forms of
229:
155:
Frankfurt originally published the essay "On
Bullshit" in the
161:
in 1986. Nineteen years later, it was published as the book
410:
The Importance of What We Care About: Philosophical Essays
127:
is a 2005 book (originally a 1986 essay) by the American
1424:
Your Call Is Important to US: The Truth About Bullshit
1026:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 65.
1001:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 63.
952:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 48.
834:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 12.
809:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 9.
784:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 6.
196:
Frankfurt was a professional philosopher, trained in
182:served as the basis for Frankfurt's follow-up book
108:
100:
92:
82:
72:
64:
56:
46:
609:, Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 139–1154,
1542:Works originally published in literary magazines
1537:Works originally published in American magazines
1102:Perla, Rocco J.; Carifio, James (2007-06-01).
978:Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies
741:Perla, Rocco J.; Carifio, James (2007-06-01).
8:
315:refers to Frankfurt's text in his 2018 book
32:
1487:. Malden, MA: Blackwell. pp. 146–157.
1407:. Malden, MA: Blackwell. pp. 133–145.
902:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
488:
486:
378:"You Know What's Bullshit?" by James Rolfe
38:
31:
1336:
718:The Prevalence of Humbug and Other Essays
172:and was discussed on the television show
1210:Business and Professional Ethics Journal
974:"Harry Frankfurt on Bullshit And Lying"
929:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
495:(2005), by Harry Frankfurt. p. 61.
482:
720:. New York: Cornell University Press.
27:Philosophical essay by Harry Frankfurt
1426:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.
1368:. SPECIAL ISSUE: WRITTEN BY CHATGPT.
1280:Perla, Rocco; Carifio, James (2007).
1199:
1197:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1045:
1043:
893:
891:
889:
887:
178:, as well as in an online interview.
7:
686:
684:
657:Frankfurt, Harry G. (January 2005),
630:Frankfurt, Harry G. (January 2005),
873:Frankfurt, Harry (March 20, 2024).
855:Frankfurt, Harry (March 20, 2024).
583:Frankfurt, Harry G. (2005-03-14),
25:
1325:Ethics and Information Technology
366:On the Decay of the Art of Lying
669:from the original on 2021-12-21
332:, as being more accurate than "
266:more, it is much more harmful.
175:The Daily Show With Jon Stewart
1204:Johnson, Andrew (2010-07-01).
1180:. Princeton University Press.
692:"On Bullshit Part 1 - YouTube"
665:, Princeton University Press,
554:On College, Bullshit, and Love
1:
1441:Pfeifer, Karl (Summer 2006).
927:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
551:Wallace, Niamh (2005-10-11),
1378:10.1016/j.bushor.2024.03.001
1174:Frankfurt, Harry G. (2005).
1149:Holt, Jim (15 August 2005).
925:"Science and Pseudo-Science"
638:, Princeton University Press
426:10.1017/CBO9780511818172.011
134:which presents a theory of
1558:
1338:10.1007/s10676-024-09775-5
1308:– via Springer Link.
923:Hansson, Sven Ove (2021),
459:Princeton University Press
414:Cambridge University Press
77:Princeton University Press
1463:10.1017/S0012217300001189
1298:10.1007/s10780-007-9019-y
1120:10.1007/s10780-007-9019-y
1022:Frankfurt, Harry (2005).
997:Frankfurt, Harry (2005).
948:Frankfurt, Harry (2005).
898:Frankfurt, Harry (2005).
830:Frankfurt, Harry (2005).
805:Frankfurt, Harry (2005).
780:Frankfurt, Harry (2005).
759:10.1007/s10780-007-9019-y
37:
393:Raritan Quarterly Review
299:Reception and criticisms
158:Raritan Quarterly Review
1243:"Rhetoric and Bullshit"
1052:"Rhetoric and Bullshit"
507:"Rhetoric and Bullshit"
400:(2): 81–100. Fall 1986.
1522:2007 non-fiction books
1517:2005 non-fiction books
1241:Fredal, James (2011).
1222:10.5840/bpej2010291/43
1050:Fredal, James (2011).
505:Fredal, James (2011).
207:
147:
1422:Penny, Laura (2005).
1321:"ChatGPT is bullshit"
202:
198:analytical philosophy
145:
1259:10.58680/ce201113400
1068:10.58680/ce201113400
523:10.58680/ce201113400
326:large language model
716:Black, Max (1983).
698:. 18 September 2007
593:on December 5, 2015
355:Post-truth politics
216:Humbug and bullshit
34:
1269:– via JSTOR.
240:Lying and bullshit
168:The New York Times
148:
146:Harry G. Frankfurt
132:Harry G. Frankfurt
1532:Philosophy essays
1477:verbatim preprint
1366:Business Horizons
457:. Princeton, NJ:
416:. 1988. pp.
120:
119:
16:(Redirected from
1549:
1498:
1474:
1449:. Book Reviews.
1437:
1418:
1390:
1389:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1099:
1088:
1087:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1019:
1013:
1012:
994:
988:
987:
985:
984:
970:
964:
963:
945:
939:
938:
937:
936:
920:
914:
913:
895:
882:
881:
879:
870:
864:
863:
861:
852:
846:
845:
827:
821:
820:
802:
796:
795:
777:
771:
770:
738:
732:
731:
713:
707:
706:
704:
703:
688:
679:
677:
676:
674:
654:
648:
646:
645:
643:
627:
621:
619:
602:
596:
594:
589:, archived from
580:
574:
572:
571:
570:
561:, archived from
548:
542:
541:
539:
537:
502:
496:
490:
472:
439:
401:
374:by David Graeber
270:Rise of bullshit
170:Best Seller list
84:Publication date
42:
35:
21:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1482:
1440:
1434:
1421:
1415:
1402:
1399:
1397:Further reading
1394:
1393:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1247:College English
1240:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1224:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1101:
1100:
1091:
1056:College English
1049:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1009:
996:
995:
991:
982:
980:
972:
971:
967:
960:
947:
946:
942:
934:
932:
922:
921:
917:
910:
897:
896:
885:
877:
872:
871:
867:
859:
854:
853:
849:
842:
829:
828:
824:
817:
804:
803:
799:
792:
779:
778:
774:
740:
739:
735:
728:
715:
714:
710:
701:
699:
696:www.youtube.com
690:
689:
682:
672:
670:
656:
655:
651:
641:
639:
629:
628:
624:
617:
604:
603:
599:
582:
581:
577:
568:
566:
550:
549:
545:
535:
533:
511:College English
504:
503:
499:
491:
484:
479:
469:
451:
436:
404:
390:"On Bullshit".
389:
386:
368:" by Mark Twain
346:
301:
272:
254:lexicographical
242:
218:
194:
153:
93:Media type
85:
51:Harry Frankfurt
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1494:978-1405163149
1493:
1480:
1457:(3): 617–620.
1438:
1433:978-0771070426
1432:
1419:
1414:978-1405163149
1413:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1372:(5): 471–486.
1352:
1311:
1272:
1233:
1193:
1187:978-0691122946
1186:
1166:
1155:The New Yorker
1151:"Say Anything"
1141:
1114:(2): 119–136.
1089:
1062:(3): 243–259.
1039:
1033:978-0691122946
1032:
1014:
1008:978-0691122946
1007:
989:
965:
959:978-0691122946
958:
940:
915:
909:978-0691122946
908:
883:
865:
847:
841:978-0691122946
840:
822:
816:978-0691122946
815:
797:
791:978-0691122946
790:
772:
753:(2): 119–136.
733:
727:978-0801415142
726:
708:
680:
649:
622:
616:978-1118397688
615:
597:
586:The Daily Show
575:
543:
517:(3): 243–259.
497:
481:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
468:978-0691122946
467:
449:
434:
402:
385:
382:
381:
380:
375:
369:
362:
357:
352:
345:
342:
300:
297:
280:communications
271:
268:
241:
238:
224:'s concept of
217:
214:
193:
190:
152:
149:
118:
117:
115:978-0691122946
112:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1554:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1223:
1219:
1216:(1/4): 5–32.
1215:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1167:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1000:
993:
990:
979:
975:
969:
966:
961:
955:
951:
944:
941:
930:
926:
919:
916:
911:
905:
901:
894:
892:
890:
888:
884:
876:
875:"On Bullshit"
869:
866:
858:
857:"On Bullshit"
851:
848:
843:
837:
833:
826:
823:
818:
812:
808:
801:
798:
793:
787:
783:
776:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
737:
734:
729:
723:
719:
712:
709:
697:
693:
687:
685:
681:
668:
664:
660:
653:
650:
637:
633:
626:
623:
618:
612:
608:
601:
598:
592:
588:
587:
579:
576:
565:on 2016-03-06
564:
560:
556:
555:
547:
544:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
501:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
476:
470:
464:
460:
456:
455:
450:
447:
443:
437:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:. Cambridge:
411:
407:
406:"On Bullshit"
403:
399:
395:
394:
388:
387:
383:
379:
376:
373:
372:Bullshit Jobs
370:
367:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
343:
341:
339:
338:confabulation
335:
334:hallucination
331:
327:
322:
320:
319:
318:Bullshit Jobs
314:
313:David Graeber
309:
307:
298:
296:
294:
290:
286:
281:
277:
269:
267:
264:
258:
255:
251:
247:
239:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
215:
213:
211:
206:
201:
199:
191:
189:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
169:
164:
160:
159:
150:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
125:
116:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
81:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
1484:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1423:
1404:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1225:. Retrieved
1213:
1209:
1176:
1169:
1158:. Retrieved
1154:
1144:
1111:
1107:
1059:
1055:
1023:
1017:
998:
992:
981:. Retrieved
977:
968:
949:
943:
933:, retrieved
928:
918:
899:
880:. p. 7.
868:
862:. p. 3.
850:
831:
825:
806:
800:
781:
775:
750:
746:
736:
717:
711:
700:. Retrieved
695:
671:, retrieved
662:
652:
640:, retrieved
635:
625:
606:
600:
591:the original
585:
578:
567:, retrieved
563:the original
553:
546:
534:. Retrieved
514:
510:
500:
492:
453:
448:(paperback).
440:(hardback),
409:
397:
391:
384:Bibliography
323:
316:
310:
302:
273:
259:
243:
219:
209:
208:
203:
195:
183:
179:
173:
167:
162:
156:
154:
123:
122:
121:
33:On Bullshit
29:
1512:1986 essays
1445:On Bullshit
1286:Interchange
1177:On Bullshit
1108:Interchange
1024:On Bullshit
999:On Bullshit
950:On Bullshit
900:On Bullshit
832:On Bullshit
807:On Bullshit
782:On Bullshit
747:Interchange
493:On Bullshit
454:On Bullshit
210:On Bullshit
180:On Bullshit
163:On Bullshit
129:philosopher
124:On Bullshit
18:On bullshit
1506:Categories
1475:(Archived
1292:(2): 132.
1253:(3): 250.
1227:2020-11-02
1160:2020-11-02
983:2020-11-02
935:2023-02-12
702:2020-11-19
569:2008-08-11
477:References
446:0521336112
435:0521333245
350:Truthiness
263:acceptance
68:Philosophy
1527:Deception
1471:170243037
1386:0007-6813
1347:1572-8439
1331:(2): 38.
1128:1573-1790
1076:0010-0994
767:1573-1790
536:8 October
250:deception
222:Max Black
73:Publisher
1451:Dialogue
1306:59444691
1267:25790474
1136:59444691
1084:25790474
673:July 16,
667:archived
642:July 16,
559:UWM Post
531:25790474
461:. 2005.
360:Rhetoric
344:See also
330:chatbots
306:original
289:religion
285:politics
188:(2006).
185:On Truth
136:bullshit
57:Language
663:YouTube
636:YouTube
418:117–133
328:-based
276:society
205:values.
192:Summary
151:History
60:English
1491:
1469:
1430:
1411:
1384:
1345:
1304:
1265:
1184:
1134:
1126:
1082:
1074:
1030:
1005:
956:
906:
838:
813:
788:
765:
724:
613:
529:
465:
444:
432:
336:" or "
246:intent
226:humbug
47:Author
1467:S2CID
1302:S2CID
1263:JSTOR
1132:S2CID
1080:JSTOR
878:(PDF)
860:(PDF)
527:JSTOR
234:truth
230:lying
101:Pages
96:Print
65:Genre
1489:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1409:ISBN
1382:ISSN
1343:ISSN
1182:ISBN
1124:ISSN
1072:ISSN
1028:ISBN
1003:ISBN
954:ISBN
904:ISBN
836:ISBN
811:ISBN
786:ISBN
763:ISSN
722:ISBN
675:2017
644:2017
611:ISBN
538:2020
463:ISBN
442:ISBN
430:ISBN
248:and
110:ISBN
88:2005
1459:doi
1374:doi
1333:doi
1294:doi
1255:doi
1218:doi
1116:doi
1064:doi
755:doi
519:doi
422:doi
293:art
291:or
1508::
1479:.)
1465:.
1455:45
1453:.
1380:.
1370:67
1364:.
1341:.
1329:26
1327:.
1323:.
1300:.
1290:38
1288:.
1284:.
1261:.
1251:73
1249:.
1245:.
1214:29
1212:.
1208:.
1196:^
1153:.
1130:.
1122:.
1112:38
1110:.
1106:.
1092:^
1078:.
1070:.
1060:73
1058:.
1054:.
1042:^
976:.
886:^
761:.
751:38
749:.
745:.
694:.
683:^
661:,
634:,
557:,
525:.
515:73
513:.
509:.
485:^
428:.
420:.
408:.
396:.
321:.
287:,
104:80
1497:.
1473:.
1461::
1447:"
1443:"
1436:.
1417:.
1388:.
1376::
1349:.
1335::
1296::
1257::
1230:.
1220::
1190:.
1163:.
1138:.
1118::
1086:.
1066::
1036:.
1011:.
986:.
962:.
912:.
844:.
819:.
794:.
769:.
757::
730:.
705:.
620:.
595:.
573:.
540:.
521::
471:.
438:.
424::
398:6
364:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
