874:, and dandelions. Spring was also when their fishing season began. The fish in their diet consisted of trout, bullhead, walleye, pike, bass, and salmon. Also during the spring months, maple trees provided sap that would be collected, then boiled down to make syrup and hard candy. The maple candy would be used for consumption in this form or saved for later to flavor foods. During the summer months the Oneidas would consume various fruits such as strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, blueberries, pears, plums, peaches, apples, and grapes. The Oneidas also used sassafras for tea.
327:
883:
Sacred dances are meant to be performed privately in the longhouses. The Maple Syrup, Strawberry, Bean, Sun and Moon dances are different types of ceremonial dances. Singing is a part of ceremonial dancing; however, they only chant during social dances. There is an introduction for every song. When the beat changes, the dancing begins. Cues are given from the drums, which indicate to the dancers when to switch partners. If a dancer was invited to dance, but refused, etiquette required them to offer tobacco as a settlement.
201:
297:
892:
clothing. However, when the
Europeans arrived trading began and their clothing that was once made from animal hides began to be made from calico cotton and broadcloth and has stuck to be made from cotton ever since. The Oneidas would typically only be seen wearing moccasins on their feet. Even though there was a change in material used, the basic design of the outfits remained the same and still remains the same hundreds of years later.
169:
669:
32:
143:
855:
On May 21, 2007, Judge Kahn dismissed the Oneida's possessory land claims and allowed the non-possessory claims to proceed. More recent litigation has formalized the split. It defines the separate interests of the Oneida tribe who stayed in New York and those who relocated to
Wisconsin. The Oneida of
498:
means "People of the
Standing Stone". This identity is based on an ancient legend. The Oneida people were being pursued on foot by an enemy tribe. As their enemies chased the Oneida into a clearing within the woodlands, they suddenly disappeared. The enemy could not find them, and so it was said that
642:
leadership, the
Oneidas brought bushels of maize to General George Washington's starving Patriot army. Cooper showed Washington's people how to properly cook and eat the corn. Washington's intentions were to pay cash to Cooper for her generosity, but she refused to accept compensation because she
895:
Headwear: Oneida men and women wore different headwear. For the men, they would wear traditional
Iroquois headdresses called kastoweh which would consist of feathers and insignia representing their tribe. The insignia for the Oneida Nation consists of three eagle feathers; two standing straight up
891:
Clothing carries great meaning in the Oneida culture, as it is a physical representation of who they are. Before coming into contact with the
Europeans, the Oneida tribe would use only natural materials to make their clothing. This would include using deer and other animal hides to stitch together
882:
There are two types of Oneida dancing: social and ceremonial. Social dancing is for the enjoyment of all people. The round dance, rabbit dance, old moccasin dance and canoe or fishing dance are different types of social dances. Ceremonial dancing is sacred and is not to be performed in public.
864:
The people made use of the land by "eating the seasons." With a lack of fresh foods in the winter, during the autumn months, the
Oneidas dried fruits and vegetables which they had harvested. They also preserved meats in a brine or salt solution, and then hung them to dry. During the fall they
650:
Although leaders of the tribe had taken the colonists' side, individuals within the decentralized nation could make their own decisions about alliances. A minority, who were already a faction supporting the sachems, supported the
British. As the war progressed and the Oneida position became more
869:
nuts, black walnuts, butternuts, and chestnuts. The nuts added protein and fat that were needed to make it through the winter. They also dried wild rice, which grew in swamp lands. The wild rice was a source of complex carbohydrates. When spring rolled around, the snow began to melt and the
834:
to reclaim land taken from them by New York without approval of the United States
Congress. In 1998, the United States intervened in the lawsuits on behalf of the plaintiffs in the claim so the claim could proceed against New York State. The state had asserted immunity from suit under the
599:, who had worked among them since 1764. A number of Oneida were baptized as Christians in the decade before the Revolution. Kirkland worked to help them with education and their struggles with alcohol. Through relations with him, many began to form stronger cultural links to the colonists.
529:
peoples. The people identify with three clans: the Wolf, Turtle or Bear clans. Children take their social status from their mother's clan. Because of this, her eldest brother is a significant figure for the children, especially boys. He supervises the boys' passage into adulthood as men.
524:
system, and children are considered to be born into the mother's clan, through which descent and inheritance passes. Each gender, clan, and family unit within a clan has particular duties and responsibilities in the tribe. Clan identities go back to the
Creation Story of the
807:
of 1934, Winder and her sister reached out to the Oneida of Wisconsin, and both American branches of the nation pushed jointly for their land claim. At that point, the remaining Oneida in New York had no land, and were subject to the Onondaga sharing their reservation.
387:
312:
590:
But ultimately the Oneida, as well, had to choose a side. Because of their proximity and relations with the rebel communities, most Oneida favored the revolutionaries. In contrast, some of the pro-British tribes were closer to the British stronghold at
567:. This policy allowed the Confederacy increased leverage against both sides in the war, because they could threaten to join one side or the other in the event of any provocation. Neutrality quickly crumbled, however. The preponderance of the
506:, the "Big Tree People", "People of big trees". Not much is written about this. Iroquoian elders would have to be consulted on the oral history of this identification. The association may correspond to Iroquoian concepts of the
803:(from the Oneida Indian Nation of New York) were particularly influential from 1920 on in pressing land claims. The women worked from their homes in Prattsburg, New York, and Oneida, Wisconsin. Particularly after the
765:(1800–1873) helped negotiate a treaty for the Oneida in Wisconsin by which they asserted their intention to hold their piece of land communally. The amount of land had been reduced by the U.S., as had happened to the
831:
896:
and one falling downwards. Oneida women on the other hand would wear beaded tiaras. The beadwork on the tiaras would most commonly be sewn in woodland designs as it is a representation of their nation.
729:
After the war, the Oneida were displaced by retaliatory and other raids by American settlers, who did not always distinguish between Iroquois who had been allies or foes. In 1794 they, along with other
784:
of 1887, which allowed such after a 25-year trust period. Hill, however, was based in Wisconsin and died in 1907, ostensibly during the trust period which would expire around 1920. After Hill's death,
602:
The Oneida officially joined the rebel side and contributed in many ways to the war effort. Their warriors were often used to scout on offensive campaigns and to assess enemy operations around
543:
During the early 17th century, the Oneidas occupied and maintained roughly 6 million acres of land in what is modern day central New York State. Formal boundaries were established in the 1768
1616:
2110:
750:
Essentially the Oneida had to share land at the Onondaga Reservation and did not have land to call their own. In the 1820s and 1830s many of the Oneida remaining in New York relocated to
2069:
865:
would eat deer, geese, duck and raccoon. Feasting on those meats would store fat which would help them survive during the winter. The Oneidas' diet also consisted of nuts such as
2135:
2115:
836:
2125:
647:, wife of George Washington, brought Cooper to Philadelphia and bought her a shawl, hat, and bonnet. These men recognized the Oneida contributions during and after the war.
1608:
780:
succeeded Daniel Bread as Chief after his death in 1873, and for decades fought further relocation of the Oneida, as well as privatization of common lands pursuant to the
1624:
1950:
2130:
1483:
1659:
845:
587:
and British. For some time, the Oneidas continued advocating neutrality and attempted to restore consensus among the six tribes of the Confederacy.
738:
with the United States. They were granted six million acres (24,000 km) of lands, primarily in New York; this was effectively the first
627:
606:(also known as Fort Schuyler). The Oneida also provided an open line of communication between the rebels and their Iroquois foes. In 1777 at the
413:
499:
the Oneida had shapeshifted into the stones that stood in the clearing. As a result, they became known as the People of the Standing Stone.
1740:
856:
Wisconsin have brought suit to reacquire lands in their ancestral homelands as part of the settlement of the aforementioned litigation.
742:
in the United States. Subsequent treaties and actions by the State of New York drastically reduced their land to 32 acres (13 ha).
1943:
1703:
1456:
1328:
1303:
2120:
1889:
716:
374:
115:
513:
Individuals born into the Oneida Nation are identified according to their spirit name, or what may be called an Indian name, their
2029:
1532:
1843:
1807:
548:
1718:
930:
694:
690:
584:
563:
The Oneida, along with the five other tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy, initially maintained a policy of neutrality in the
471:
53:
49:
96:
1228:
1040:(aka Skenando, Shenandoah) (c. 1706–1816), pine tree chief and leader during the American Revolution; ally of the Americans
1936:
1212:
552:
68:
1848:
812:
1907:
1838:
1766:
1565:
942:
920:
827:
475:
331:
326:
679:
75:
1652:
979:, leader, took white corn to General Washington and troops in 1777–1778 during the Revolution in winter quarters at
1817:
1771:
1560:
911:
823:
564:
698:
683:
42:
2014:
1792:
1645:
1067:
804:
1471:
1853:
1490:
958:
82:
800:
655:, numerous Oneida defected from the rebellion and relocated to Fort Niagara to live under British protection.
2019:
1687:
1016:(1876–1952), 20th-century Mohawk physician; officially adopted by Oneida for her work with them for decades.
1013:
1007:
792:
652:
447:
417:
296:
20:
651:
dire, this minority grew more numerous. When rebel colonists destroyed the important Oneida settlement at
544:
238:
64:
1591:
1434:
Land of the Oneidas: Central New York State and the Creation of America, From Prehistory to the Present.
1032:
995:
796:
735:
870:
region became warm, the Oneidas' diet would change. They would boil down and eat wild onions, leeks,
2024:
1756:
1735:
1682:
1555:
1525:
1291:
1055:
915:
905:
819:
463:
455:
451:
316:
2039:
1912:
840:
2054:
2044:
1023:
924:
754:, where they were allowed to buy land, and to Canada, because the United States was pressing for
739:
607:
479:
409:
255:
830:(made up of descendants of people who did not move to Canada until the 1840s) filed suit in the
1421:
Levinson, David. "An Explanation for the Oneida-Colonist Alliance in the American Revolution,"
2105:
1280:
1052:(1871–1927), composer, conductor and cornet soloist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
1049:
1043:
644:
623:
2059:
1998:
1822:
1812:
1802:
1797:
1713:
1668:
785:
439:
428:
348:
320:
275:
234:
185:
89:
2100:
1983:
1776:
1761:
1581:
1518:
1332:
1307:
1105:
1079:
619:
596:
580:
420:
271:
230:
1269:
1253:
551:, requested from the Oneidas the borders of their land, borders were established in the
1730:
1725:
1028:
1019:
954:
777:
755:
518:
2094:
2079:
1993:
1978:
1973:
1869:
1360:
576:
572:
568:
507:
459:
301:
283:
279:
267:
174:
1100:
815:
of 1946, as before that they were unable to bring claims against the US government.
1917:
1879:
1874:
1708:
1061:
1001:
980:
976:
970:
762:
635:
631:
611:
603:
592:
251:
311:
2064:
1884:
1232:
990:
668:
443:
432:
31:
142:
964:
1073:
1037:
791:
Women Oneida activists pushed tribal land claims in the early 20th century.
788:, a conservative, led the Oneida in New York essentially from 1910 to 1960.
781:
766:
751:
639:
615:
305:
287:
181:
1461:
1387:
610:, about fifty Oneida fought alongside the colonial militia, this included
393:
2074:
2034:
1959:
1928:
1586:
1132:
986:
871:
595:. In addition, the Oneida were influenced by the Presbyterian missionary
424:
866:
643:
said it was her duty to serve her country. As a token of appreciation,
521:
467:
213:
1476:
1426:
2049:
1446:
547:, and again, after September 4, 1784, when the governor of New York,
335:
206:
795:
and her attorney husband (from the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin), and
1637:
1064:, leader, fought in Battle of Oriskany alongside husband Han Yerry.
832:
United States District Court for the Northern District of New York
325:
310:
295:
1510:
1416:
Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution
514:
1932:
1641:
1514:
1304:"Eating the Seasons | Oneida Indian Nation | History"
1229:"Oneida Land Claim - U.S. Department of Justice Filing 12-8-98"
1159:. Amherst and Boston: University of Massachusetts Press. 2011
1010:(1880–1947), early 20th-century activist in Oneida land claims.
662:
25:
1215:
The Iroquois Struggle for Survival: World War II to Red Power
967:(born 1984), Professional Ice Hockey player, Actor, Stuntman.
490:
The name Oneida is derived from the English pronunciation of
1452:
Official website of the Sovereign Oneida Nation of Wisconsin
1451:
1466:
1281:
http://www.upstate-citizens.org/USDC-Oneida-SJ-Decision.pdf
366:
360:
351:
1329:"Social Dance | Oneida Indian Nation | Culture"
1022:(born 1983), Canadian professional ice hockey player for
839:. The Defendants moved for summary judgment based on the
517:, and their family unit within a clan. The people have a
1447:
Official website of the Oneida Indian Nation of New York
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1082:(born 1996), professional cyclist (2020 Tour de France).
1070:(born 1951), leader, Oneida Indian Nation, 1975–present.
758:
from eastern states. Settlers kept encroaching on them.
849:
and the 2nd Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals' decision in
1270:
http://www.upstate-citizens.org/USDC-Oneida-SJ-MOL.pdf
1185:. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. 2004. Print.
375:
357:
837:
Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution
502:
Older legends have the Oneida people identifying as
363:
2007:
1966:
1900:
1862:
1831:
1785:
1749:
1696:
1675:
1600:
1574:
1548:
1484:"Black Beach: The Mucklands of Canastota, New York"
1467:
Official Website of the Oneida Nation of the Thames
1254:"CITY OF SHERRILL V. ONEIDA INDIAN NATION OF N. Y."
438:Originally the Oneida lived in what is now central
423:. They are one of the five founding nations of the
354:
261:
245:
224:
196:
164:
159:
149:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1617:Oneida Cnty. v. Oneida Indian Nation of N.Y. State
1609:Oneida Indian Nation of N.Y. State v. Oneida Cnty.
402:the People of the Upright Stone, or standing stone
2070:Settlement of the northern shores of Lake Ontario
1472:Oneida Nation of the Thames Radio Station Website
1436:Albany: State University of New York Press, 2023.
2111:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
1625:City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of N.Y.
1172:. Phoenix: Indian Tribal Series. 1974. Print.
1046:(1957–2021), award-winning singer and performer.
510:and the associated belief system of the people.
1414:Glatthaar, Joseph T. and James Kirby Martin.
1382:
1380:
1218:, Syracuse University Press, 1985, pp. 187–188
1195:
1193:
1191:
1145:The Oneida Indian Experience: Two Perspectives
638:in 1777 during the American Revolution. Under
1944:
1653:
1526:
1425:23, no. 3. (Summer, 1976), pp. 265–289.
1143:Campisi, Jack and Hauptman, Laurence (1988),
989:(1891–1949), American nurse in France during
8:
131:
2136:Native Americans in the American Revolution
2116:Native American history of New York (state)
1183:Oneida Iroquois Folklore, Myth, And History
1058:, musician, conductor and clarinet soloist.
973:(1800–1873), principal chief of the Oneida.
697:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2126:Native American tribes in New York (state)
1951:
1937:
1929:
1660:
1646:
1638:
1533:
1519:
1511:
1388:"Facts for Kids: Oneida Indians (Oneidas)"
1123:Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999
1031:(1866–1934), hotelkeeper and herbalist at
141:
130:
1133:Oneida Language Tools - Oneida Dictionary
717:Learn how and when to remove this message
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
957:(born 1965), Assistant Secretary of the
846:City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation
332:Oneida Nation of the Thames First Nation
1292:Land dispute resolved in New York State
1092:
811:They were encouraged by passage of the
945:in Wisconsin is a K–12 tribal school.
618:. Many Oneida formed friendships with
630:, and other prominent rebel leaders.
7:
1741:Steuben Memorial State Historic Site
695:adding citations to reliable sources
634:was an Oneida woman who traveled to
494:, the people's name for themselves.
160:Regions with significant populations
54:adding citations to reliable sources
2131:Native American tribes in Wisconsin
1482:Barbagallo, Tricia (June 1, 2005).
1457:Cofrin Library: Oneida Bibliography
1076:(born 1982), professional wrestler.
1004:(1961–2013), comedian, entertainer.
466:, in the United States; and two in
1704:Old Erie Canal State Historic Park
14:
1462:Oneida Indian Tribe of Wisconsin
1157:The People Of The Standing Stone
1008:Laura "Minnie" Cornelius Kellogg
851:Cayuga Indian Nation v. New York
793:Laura "Minnie" Cornelius Kellogg
667:
347:
199:
167:
30:
1844:Mid-State Correctional Facility
1808:Mohawk Valley Community College
1477:Traditional Oneidas of New York
983:and taught them how to cook it.
41:needs additional citations for
1106:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
931:Six Nations of the Grand River
472:Six Nations of the Grand River
1:
553:Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)
450:. Today the Oneida have four
16:Ethnic group in North America
1849:Mohawk Correctional Facility
1418:. London: Macmillan, 2007.
1121:Tuscarora English Dictionary
813:Indian Claims Commission Act
486:People of the Standing Stone
1908:Turning Stone Resort Casino
1839:Marcy Correctional Facility
1767:Oneida Nation of the Thames
1566:Oneida Nation of the Thames
943:Oneida Nation School System
921:Oneida Nation of the Thames
828:Oneida Nation of the Thames
476:Oneida Nation of the Thames
241:, other Iroquoian languages
2154:
1818:SUNY Polytechnic Institute
1772:Oneida Nation of Wisconsin
1561:Oneida Nation of Wisconsin
912:Oneida Nation of Wisconsin
824:Oneida Nation of Wisconsin
659:1794 Treaty of Canandaigua
398:Onʌyoteˀa·ká·, Onyota'a:ka
18:
1793:Clinton Liberal Institute
900:Recognized Oneida nations
805:Indian Reorganization Act
266:
250:
229:
154:
140:
2121:First Nations in Ontario
1854:Utica Psychiatric Center
959:Bureau of Indian Affairs
801:Delia Cornelius Waterman
746:1838 treaty in Wisconsin
431:, particularly near the
1688:Oneida Castle, New York
1014:Lillie Rosa Minoka Hill
21:Oneida (disambiguation)
1960:League of the Iroquois
1213:Laurence M. Hauptman,
769:-Stockbridge Indians.
545:Treaty of Fort Stanwix
442:, particularly around
338:
323:
308:
1890:Congregational Church
1592:Treaty of Canandaigua
1201:The Iroquois Struggle
1181:Wonderley, Anthony.
1033:Indian Lake, New York
818:In 1970 and 1974 the
797:Mary Cornelius Winder
736:Treaty of Canandaigua
329:
314:
299:
262:Related ethnic groups
1757:Oneida Indian Nation
1736:Oneida Stirpiculture
1683:Burned-over district
1587:Iroquois Confederacy
1556:Oneida Indian Nation
1056:James Riley Wheelock
916:Green Bay, Wisconsin
906:Oneida Indian Nation
887:Traditional clothing
820:Oneida Indian Nation
734:nations, signed the
691:improve this section
628:Marquis de Lafayette
470:, Canada: Oneida at
464:Green Bay, Wisconsin
456:Oneida Indian Nation
452:federally recognized
425:Iroquois Confederacy
317:Oneida Indian Nation
239:Oneida Sign Language
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1913:Utica-Rome Speedway
1575:History and Culture
1361:"Clothing | Oneida"
998:(born 1952), actor.
841:U. S. Supreme Court
565:American Revolution
559:American Revolution
539:Homeland boundaries
137:
2055:Great Law of Peace
1832:State institutions
1429:(account required)
1109:. Merriam-Webster.
1024:Colorado Avalanche
925:Southwold, Ontario
773:Oneida land claims
740:Indian reservation
608:Battle of Oriskany
339:
324:
309:
256:Longhouse religion
2088:
2087:
1926:
1925:
1635:
1634:
1365:oneidalanguage.ca
1199:Hauptman (1985),
1170:The Oneida People
1168:Richards, Cara.
1050:Dennison Wheelock
1044:Joanne Shenandoah
727:
726:
719:
645:Martha Washington
640:Chief Skenandon's
624:George Washington
458:in New York, the
294:
293:
217:
189:
126:
125:
118:
100:
2143:
2060:Great Peacemaker
1953:
1946:
1939:
1930:
1823:Utica University
1813:Oneida Institute
1803:Kirkland College
1798:Hamilton College
1786:Higher education
1714:Oneida Community
1669:Oneida, New York
1662:
1655:
1648:
1639:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1512:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:on June 25, 2008
1495:
1489:. Archived from
1488:
1427:Online via JSTOR
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1392:www.bigorrin.org
1384:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1357:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1331:. Archived from
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1306:. Archived from
1300:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1231:. Archived from
1225:
1219:
1210:
1204:
1197:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1097:
914:, in and around
786:William Rockwell
722:
715:
711:
708:
702:
671:
663:
614:and her husband
429:upstate New York
391:
390:
389:
379:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
276:Tuscarora Nation
211:
209:
205:
203:
202:
192:10,309 and 1,109
179:
177:
173:
171:
170:
150:Total population
145:
138:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2003:
1962:
1957:
1927:
1922:
1896:
1858:
1827:
1781:
1762:Oneida language
1745:
1692:
1671:
1666:
1636:
1631:
1596:
1582:Oneida language
1570:
1544:
1539:
1508:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1443:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1396:
1394:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1114:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1080:Neilson Powless
951:
940:
902:
889:
880:
862:
843:'s decision in
799:and her sister
775:
756:Indian removals
748:
723:
712:
706:
703:
688:
672:
661:
620:Philip Schuyler
597:Samuel Kirkland
583:sided with the
561:
541:
536:
488:
427:in the area of
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135:Onʌyoteˀa·ká·
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67: –
66:
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61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1988:
1918:Vernon Downs
1880:Oneida Creek
1875:Oneida Carry
1709:Fort Stanwix
1623:
1615:
1607:
1541:
1507:
1498:. Retrieved
1491:the original
1433:
1423:Ethnohistory
1422:
1415:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:
1368:. Retrieved
1364:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:the original
1323:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:the original
1298:
1287:
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1256:
1248:
1237:. Retrieved
1233:the original
1223:
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1151:
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1095:
1062:Tyonajanegen
1002:Charlie Hill
981:Valley Forge
977:Polly Cooper
971:Daniel Bread
941:
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763:Daniel Bread
760:
749:
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713:
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689:Please help
677:
649:
636:Valley Forge
632:Polly Cooper
612:Tyonajanegen
604:Fort Stanwix
601:
593:Fort Niagara
589:
562:
542:
526:
512:
504:Latilutakówa
503:
501:
495:
491:
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405:
401:
397:
342:
340:
330:Flag of the
300:Flag of the
252:Christianity
134:
128:Ethnic group
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2065:Jigonhsasee
2025:Ethnobotany
2015:Clan Mother
1885:Oneida Lake
1257:cornell.edu
991:World War I
908:in New York
527:Onyota'a:ka
519:matrilineal
496:Onyota'a:ka
492:Onyota'a:ka
444:Oneida Lake
433:Great Lakes
406:Thwahrù·nęʼ
2095:Categories
1601:Litigation
1500:2008-06-04
1409:Literature
1397:2020-12-10
1370:2020-12-10
1339:2015-05-06
1314:2015-05-06
1239:2006-11-25
1119:Rudes, B.
1087:References
965:Mark Black
929:Oneida at
826:, and the
416:tribe and
76:newspapers
2045:Mythology
2040:Languages
1999:Tuscarora
1863:Geography
1074:Nyla Rose
1038:Skenandoa
938:Education
933:, Ontario
872:milkweeds
782:Dawes Act
767:Menominee
752:Wisconsin
678:does not
616:Han Yerry
585:Loyalists
581:Onondagas
480:Southwold
410:Tuscarora
306:Wisconsin
288:Iroquoian
225:Languages
182:Wisconsin
2106:Iroquois
2075:Tadodaho
2035:Hiawatha
1984:Onondaga
1101:"Oneida"
987:Cora Elm
761:In 1838
440:New York
412:) are a
321:New York
315:Flag of
290:peoples
286:, other
246:Religion
186:New York
106:May 2014
2020:Economy
1967:Peoples
1697:History
878:Dancing
867:hickory
699:removed
684:sources
577:Cayugas
573:Senecas
569:Mohawks
534:History
522:kinship
468:Ontario
394:autonym
235:English
214:Ontario
90:scholar
2101:Oneida
2050:Orenda
2008:Topics
1994:Seneca
1989:Oneida
1979:Mohawk
1974:Cayuga
1750:People
1676:Places
1628:(2005)
1620:(1985)
1612:(1974)
1549:Groups
626:, the
579:, and
474:, and
336:Canada
231:Oneida
210:
207:Canada
204:
178:
172:
155:15,389
132:Oneida
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1494:(PDF)
1487:(PDF)
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220:3,970
97:JSTOR
83:books
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860:Diet
682:any
680:cite
515:clan
446:and
421:band
341:The
69:news
923:in
693:by
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