460:. Northwest of Ingersol and Woodstock, across the crest of the Algonquin Arch, the band of outcrop turns more northerly, and strikes north-northwest for about 140 km to the east shore of Lake Huron in the Kincardine area (as shown in the map on the right). These rocks continue northwestwards under Lake Huron, and reappear in the northern part of the southern peninsula of Michigan, north of Alpina (as shown in the map on the right). To the west, its equivalent, the Detroit River Group, outcrops near
329:
317:
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275:
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480:
251:
239:
299:
650:
263:
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and hide scrapers. This variety of chert, which is of reasonably high-quality and which was highly valued by First
Nations peoples, is often a common variety of chert recovered archaeologically from sites relatively adjacent to outcrops; for example, Onondaga-variety chert comprises 95% of all of the
636:
Duck Lake archaeological site in northern
Michigan, circa 400 kilometers from the nearest outcropping of the material. This wide distribution implies either a very large seasonal migration of ancient peoples or long-distance trade routes, with both likely being the case at different times throughout
451:
westward it runs along the north shore of Lake Erie for about 85 km and continues in a west-northwest direction inland for another ~90 km to about
Ingersol and Woodstock, Ontario (as shown in the map on the right). To the west and north these rocks are known as the
791:
5147:
2885:
1208:
472:
shoreline (as shown in the map on the right). The
Detroit River Group is not topographically distinct west of Windsor in Michigan, but is noticeable as a steep hill just northwest of
792:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304540434_Upper_Silurian--Middle_Devonian_Core_Logging_and_Bedrock_Groundwater_Mapping_along_the_Onondaga_Escarpment_Southwestern_Ontario
1744:
6510:
6505:
539:
just east of
Batavia, where the eastern side of the fault has dropped down and the ledge moved southward relative to the western side. On the western side of the fault in
2878:
6540:
826:
6460:
6545:
5133:
3980:
Gantz, Hundred-foot sand, Fifty-foot sand, Thirty-foot sand, Nineveh-Snee, Gordon Stray, Fourth Sand, Fifth Sand, Bayard Sand, Elizabeth Sand, Sweet
Richard,
1201:
753:
4004:
Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First
Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane
2871:
6530:
6470:
573:
runs parallel and about 25 miles (40 kilometers) to the north through upstate New York, and similarly curves northwestward in southern
Ontario toward
6535:
1737:
693:. Radiometric dating of a sample from the bentonite at the top of the Onondaga placed it at 390 ± 0.5 Ma. The formation is time equivalent with the
1155:
1194:
939:
747:
6480:
895:
1730:
5140:
1000:"Stratigraphy and Facies Relationships of the Eifelian Onondaga Limestone (Middle Devonian) in Western and West Central New York State"
678:
layer, which was formed in a very short time period as the result of a large volcanic eruption in what is now the state of
Virginia.
973:
419:
the sedimentary rocks tend to dip downward in a generally a South direction. The
Onondaga outcrops in a line that usually forms an
6485:
1126:
918:
632:. The material has also been found as well at some distance from its original source; Onondaga chert has been recovered at the
6525:
6475:
633:
3707:
3685:
865:"The Duck Lake Site and Implications for Late Archaic Copper Procurement and Production in the Southern Lake Superior Basin"
864:
6500:
3059:
494:
3334:
3324:
3069:
3044:
6450:
3394:
3384:
3261:
3250:
3503:
3487:
3445:
3434:
4491:
4473:
4455:
4069:
3643:
3633:
552:
498:
1100:
Engelbrecht, William; Jamieson, Bruce (2016). "St. Lawrence Iroquoian Projectile Points: A Regional Perspective".
547:
has a rock cut at Batavia which clearly shows the fault and is a popular point for geology class field trips. The
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3550:
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3329:
3193:
1914:
729:
31:
3533:
3389:
3271:
3266:
3214:
3049:
558:
The Onondaga Limestone also can be found in other areas where rocks of the same age outcrop, such as in western
6455:
3675:
3612:
3508:
3198:
2719:
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698:
540:
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3152:
3127:
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3203:
3188:
3132:
3094:
1837:
612:
6114:
4862:
4313:
4262:
3544:
3528:
3379:
3276:
2332:
1686:
1657:
1639:
1400:
6520:
5894:
5798:
5021:
4880:
4542:
4133:
4097:
3834:
3697:
3517:
3339:
3245:
3006:
2996:
2991:
2514:
2266:
1302:
544:
529:
4138:
4102:
3983:
3947:
3794:
3727:
3497:
3481:
3374:
3220:
3167:
2961:
1871:
1624:
1297:
6285:
6234:
6216:
6124:
6119:
5889:
5329:
5085:
4897:
4707:
4606:
4257:
3771:
3147:
3137:
2729:
2686:
1395:
1325:
1282:
1277:
1028:
Report of the chief engineer of the New York & Brooklyn Bridge : nos. 1-[7]-- 1870-1877
453:
6421:
5996:
5115:
4972:
4318:
4045:
3648:
3638:
3587:
3559:
3349:
3344:
3240:
2986:
2976:
2971:
1676:
1634:
1619:
4967:
4872:
4867:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4092:
3804:
3738:
3716:
3702:
3016:
1614:
6352:
6229:
6073:
5592:
5398:
5080:
4977:
4923:
4809:
4445:
4325:
4152:
3942:
3830:
3691:
3581:
3429:
3287:
3230:
3177:
3117:
3064:
3034:
3024:
2848:
2765:
2691:
2651:
2581:
2564:
2496:
2337:
2319:
2292:
2213:
2174:
1876:
1859:
1814:
1681:
1459:
1350:
1307:
1122:
774:
135:
3993:
3255:
3208:
3054:
2966:
1629:
6416:
6190:
6096:
5991:
5968:
5835:
5444:
5434:
5429:
5412:
5393:
5365:
4804:
4771:
4750:
4354:
4074:
3969:
3962:
3809:
3789:
3754:
3439:
3314:
2836:
2793:
2760:
2714:
2601:
2449:
2302:
2297:
2233:
2228:
2058:
1941:
1899:
914:
473:
457:
196:
170:
3570:
3011:
3001:
2981:
2137:
555:
northward to Lake Ontario, is still active and periodically causes minor earthquakes in the area.
6404:
6317:
6307:
5958:
5922:
5899:
5867:
5740:
5722:
5686:
5597:
5582:
5564:
5490:
5485:
5156:
5090:
4653:
4637:
4450:
4437:
4390:
4233:
4147:
4064:
4050:
3937:
3893:
3852:
3732:
3471:
3418:
3358:
2894:
2646:
2464:
2454:
2352:
2347:
2223:
2218:
2082:
1976:
1958:
1904:
1753:
1669:
1553:
1217:
1147:
1109:
742:
724:
694:
589:
570:
448:
436:
192:
188:
184:
4011:
999:
17:
6347:
6337:
6312:
6270:
6160:
6155:
6139:
6101:
6068:
6045:
5953:
5917:
5612:
5388:
5070:
5053:
5036:
5026:
4956:
4911:
4889:
4851:
4702:
4505:
4175:
3870:
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3161:
2724:
2709:
2701:
2681:
2661:
2631:
2591:
2529:
2142:
1866:
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891:
733:
506:
483:
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6200:
6129:
6063:
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6023:
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5803:
5793:
5758:
5602:
5462:
5439:
5383:
5045:
4935:
4796:
4726:
4681:
4566:
4500:
4308:
4303:
4228:
4170:
4159:
3952:
3799:
3669:
3622:
3596:
2951:
2770:
2676:
2641:
2636:
2623:
2586:
2574:
2554:
2539:
2534:
2519:
2509:
2486:
2382:
2342:
2251:
2195:
2185:
2132:
1927:
1809:
1597:
1494:
1428:
1390:
1345:
1292:
1221:
1057:
El Mar en la Localidad Tipo del Devónico Medio, del Municipio de Floresta - Boyacá, Colombia
738:
675:
624:
616:
597:
465:
412:
405:
256:
180:
6327:
6302:
5973:
5671:
5643:
5626:
5549:
5544:
5500:
5480:
5347:
5012:
4943:
4906:
4745:
4547:
4287:
4272:
4200:
4040:
3881:
3465:
3308:
2671:
2666:
2559:
2491:
2431:
2238:
2190:
2179:
2169:
2152:
2106:
2072:
2053:
2004:
1999:
1981:
1922:
1894:
1418:
1381:
1364:
720:
710:
686:
629:
578:
517:
502:
393:
649:
6388:
6177:
5717:
5700:
5681:
5666:
5648:
5587:
5527:
4690:
4441:
4420:
4406:
4343:
4292:
4195:
4122:
4081:
4059:
3920:
3369:
2829:
2780:
2656:
2481:
2276:
2256:
2125:
2031:
1442:
1386:
1340:
1260:
1091:
582:
548:
525:
373:
166:
5125:
611:) which bears the escarpment's name. This variety of chert was of great importance to
592:
lies about 35 miles (56 km) to the south, running along the southern ends of the
6444:
5785:
5607:
5554:
5495:
5303:
5285:
5160:
4821:
4734:
4534:
4242:
4213:
4209:
3957:
3886:
3876:
3111:
3085:
2945:
2863:
2775:
2375:
2077:
2048:
1986:
1854:
1828:
1804:
1486:
1335:
1330:
1055:
681:
Relative age dating of the Onondaga places its formation in the Eifelian to Givetian
521:
378:
Location of the Onondaga limestone outcrop in New York State, USA and Ontario, Canada
350:
322:
292:
92:
45:
479:
5909:
5884:
5853:
5830:
5813:
5421:
4760:
4670:
4626:
4595:
4578:
4555:
4238:
4184:
3859:
3763:
2898:
2549:
2544:
2524:
2444:
2426:
2408:
2391:
2120:
2101:
1570:
1539:
1521:
1504:
1085:
682:
593:
559:
536:
512:
A few other breaches occur in older valleys, which likely once had waterfalls, but
440:
432:
428:
365:
280:
1026:
813:
802:
1186:
6379:
6370:
6209:
6148:
6078:
5472:
5168:
5108:
4814:
3844:
2906:
2820:
2811:
1968:
1765:
1229:
638:
67:
657:
The Onondaga Limestone is composed of four main subunits. In descending order:
6342:
6278:
6222:
6032:
6014:
5822:
5750:
5559:
5375:
5339:
5268:
4787:
4587:
4483:
4029:
3661:
3300:
2937:
2614:
2400:
2311:
2065:
1886:
1796:
1588:
1513:
1081:
620:
574:
535:
The formation is broken by the only major fault line in western New York, the
420:
112:
77:
1722:
1170:
1157:
841:
828:
427:), because of its resistance to erosion. The outcrop can be traced from the
6397:
6261:
6169:
5945:
5536:
5248:
5190:
5002:
3929:
2917:
2752:
2040:
1776:
1269:
1240:
469:
389:
211:
117:
61:
5454:
3822:
1950:
6252:
6088:
5983:
5876:
5845:
5776:
5658:
5635:
5574:
5518:
5321:
5277:
5232:
5221:
5179:
4993:
4662:
4618:
4525:
4335:
4281:
4114:
3911:
3103:
2743:
2473:
2418:
2366:
2205:
2161:
2093:
2022:
1846:
1649:
1562:
1531:
1477:
1410:
1373:
1317:
1251:
563:
408:
portion, the formation can be less prominent as a local surface feature.
397:
244:
107:
102:
87:
82:
72:
53:
49:
1113:
5732:
5259:
4465:
2928:
1787:
513:
461:
416:
401:
304:
122:
97:
6055:
5709:
5201:
4429:
2285:
1606:
1451:
1118:
Discusses use of Onondaga chert for toolmaking by indigenous peoples.
490:
424:
334:
4022:
1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand
690:
648:
608:
604:
478:
221:
1757:
268:
5129:
2867:
1726:
1190:
716:
The following buildings contain structural Onondaga limestone:
674:
The Seneca and Moorehouse members are sharply divided by the
400:
age that forms geographic features in some areas in which it
603:
The Onondaga Escarpment contains significant outcrops of
516:
eventually obliterated them. Such breaches occur at the
909:
907:
867:. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, Fall 2006 p.17
596:
and forming Cascadilla, Ithaca and Buttermilk Falls in
723:(cable anchorages and towers below the water line) in
489:
In several spots it is breached by geologically young
543:
the escarpment achieves its greatest prominence. The
998:
Brett, Carlton E.; Ver Straeten, Charles A. (1994).
566:
but they do not form prominent geographic features.
532:, where the old valley forms a harbor on Lake Erie.
6396:
6387:
6378:
6369:
6269:
6260:
6251:
6208:
6199:
6168:
6147:
6138:
6087:
6054:
6031:
6022:
6013:
5982:
5944:
5935:
5908:
5875:
5866:
5844:
5821:
5812:
5784:
5775:
5749:
5731:
5708:
5699:
5657:
5634:
5625:
5573:
5535:
5526:
5517:
5471:
5453:
5420:
5411:
5374:
5356:
5338:
5320:
5311:
5302:
5276:
5267:
5258:
5247:
5231:
5220:
5200:
5189:
5178:
5167:
5107:
5044:
5035:
5001:
4992:
4934:
4888:
4795:
4786:
4725:
4661:
4652:
4617:
4586:
4577:
4533:
4524:
4482:
4464:
4428:
4419:
4334:
4280:
4271:
4113:
3928:
3919:
3910:
3843:
3821:
3762:
3753:
3660:
3456:
3299:
3102:
3093:
3084:
2936:
2927:
2916:
2905:
2828:
2819:
2810:
2751:
2742:
2700:
2622:
2613:
2573:
2472:
2463:
2417:
2399:
2390:
2374:
2365:
2310:
2284:
2275:
2204:
2160:
2151:
2092:
2039:
2030:
2021:
1967:
1949:
1940:
1913:
1885:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1795:
1786:
1775:
1764:
1648:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1561:
1552:
1530:
1512:
1503:
1485:
1476:
1450:
1441:
1409:
1372:
1363:
1316:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1239:
1228:
1108:. Eastern States Archaeological Federation: 81–98.
361:
356:
340:
310:
232:
227:
217:
207:
202:
176:
162:
141:
131:
39:
569:A similar and more prominent outcrop known as the
493:and spectacular waterfalls are formed, such as at
966:New approaches to speciation in the fossil record
1006:. New York State Geological Association: 221–227
814:https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0133/report.pdf
803:https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0133/report.pdf
27:Hard limestones rock formation in North America
431:valley westward along the southern rim of the
5141:
2879:
1738:
1202:
964:Anstey, Robert L.; Erwin, Douglas H. (1995).
886:Eley, Betty E.; von Bitter, Peter H. (1989).
8:
439:, and along the northern heads of the major
497:just east of Syracuse, Buttermilk Falls at
6393:
6384:
6375:
6266:
6257:
6205:
6144:
6028:
6019:
5941:
5872:
5818:
5781:
5705:
5631:
5532:
5523:
5417:
5317:
5308:
5273:
5264:
5255:
5228:
5197:
5186:
5175:
5148:
5134:
5126:
5041:
4998:
4792:
4658:
4583:
4530:
4425:
4277:
3925:
3916:
3759:
3099:
3090:
2933:
2924:
2913:
2886:
2872:
2864:
2825:
2816:
2748:
2619:
2469:
2396:
2371:
2281:
2157:
2036:
2027:
1946:
1842:
1833:
1792:
1783:
1772:
1745:
1731:
1723:
1602:
1593:
1558:
1509:
1482:
1447:
1369:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1236:
1209:
1195:
1187:
372:
36:
6511:Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits
6506:Limestone formations of the United States
713:for construction of limestone buildings.
1031:. Brooklyn, NY: Eagle Book and Job Dept
968:. New York: Columbia University Press.
766:
6541:Landforms of Onondaga County, New York
3708:Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member
3686:Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member
748:Hall of Languages, Syracuse University
415:and the Niagara peninsula of southern
1025:New York Bridge Company (1870–1877).
588:Another smaller outcrop known as the
7:
6461:Devonian geology of New York (state)
1123:"Onondaga and Bois Blanc Limestones"
1102:Archaeology of Eastern North America
6546:Rock formations of New York (state)
1054:Giroud López, Marie Joëlle (2014).
709:Onondaga limestone was quarried as
619:, who used it to make stone tools (
3060:Middle Washington Limestone Member
705:Onondaga limestone dimension stone
653:1884 label for Onondaga Limestone.
628:flint material from some sites in
25:
3335:Lower Pittsburgh Limestone Member
3325:Upper Pittsburgh Limestone Member
3070:Lower Washington Limestone Member
3045:Upper Washington Limestone Member
890:. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum.
6531:Escarpments of the United States
6471:Devonian geology of Pennsylvania
3395:Lower Saltsburg Sandstone Member
3385:Upper Saltsburg Sandstone Member
3262:Lower Sewickley Sandstone Member
3251:Upper Sewickley Sandstone Member
1084:
327:
315:
297:
285:
273:
261:
249:
237:
6536:Geography of Syracuse, New York
3504:Upper Freeport Limestone Member
3488:Upper Freeport Limestone Member
3446:Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member
3435:Upper Mahoning Sandstone Member
1127:United States Geological Survey
919:United States Geological Survey
779:United States Geological Survey
577:and eventually into Michigan's
18:Onondaga (geological formation)
435:valley, passing just south of
1:
3644:Lower Mercer Limestone Member
3634:Upper Mercer Limestone Member
6481:Devonian geology of Virginia
404:; in others, especially its
4401:Bobs Ridge Sandstone Member
3551:Kittanning Sandstone Member
3410:Bush Creek Limestone Member
3400:Pine Creek Limestone Member
3330:Little Pittsburgh coal seam
3258:"Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal"
3194:Waynesburg Limestone Member
689:period, or 391.9 to 383.7
6562:
4492:Helderberg Group (geology)
4474:Helderberg Group (geology)
4456:Helderberg Group (geology)
4070:Huntley Mountain Formation
3534:Johnstone Limestone Member
3390:Woods Run Limestone Member
3272:Cedarville Sanstone Member
3267:Sewickley Limestone Member
3215:Uniontown Limestone Member
3050:Jollytown Limestone Member
1148:Photo of Chittenango Falls
888:Cherts of Southern Ontario
29:
3676:Connoquenessing Formation
3613:Homewood Sandstone Member
3509:Freeport Sandstone Member
3199:Uniontown Sanstone Member
1995:
988:Giroud López, 2014, p.168
944:The Paleobiology Database
730:Genesee County Courthouse
371:
44:
32:Onondaga (disambiguation)
3577:Vanport Limestone Member
3405:Buffalo Sandstone Member
3143:Middle Waynesburg Member
2720:Point Pleasant Formation
2597:Drowning Creek Formation
1062:Universidad de La Habana
699:Altiplano Cundiboyacense
6333:Conococheague Formation
5076:Pleasent Hill Formation
3493:Butler Sandstone Member
3283:Westone Sanstone Member
3184:Gilboy Sandstone Member
3153:Lower Waynesburg Member
3128:Upper Waynesburg Member
754:White Memorial Building
6486:Devonian United States
5895:Williamsport Formation
5799:Bass Islands Formation
4543:Bass Islands Formation
3603:Beaver River Formation
3539:Middle Kittanning Coal
3204:Annabelle Shale Member
3189:Little Waynesburg Coal
3133:Little Washington Coal
2267:Tenmile Creek Dolomite
863:Hill, Mark A. (2006).
654:
637:the prehistory of the
545:New York State Thruway
530:Port Colborne, Ontario
486:
6526:Escarpments of Canada
6476:Devonian Pennsylvania
6286:Copper Ridge Dolomite
6217:Wells Creek Formation
6120:Martinsburg Formation
6115:Dolly Ridge Formation
5890:Wills Creek Formation
5330:Monongahela Formation
4898:Wells Creek Formation
4863:Linden Hall Formation
4708:Goat Island Formation
4314:Skaneateles Formation
4263:Murrysville Sandstone
3873:"Big Injun Sandstone"
3545:Lower Kittanning Coal
3529:Upper Kittanning Coal
3380:Upper Bakerstown coal
3277:Redstone-Pomeroy coal
3021:Upper Washington Coal
2730:Wells Creek Formation
2687:Waynesville Formation
2333:Bass Islands Dolomite
1687:Sugar River Formation
1658:Kings Falls Formation
1640:Sugar River Formation
1401:Skaneatales Formation
1396:Ludlowville Formation
1326:Rhinestreet Formation
1278:Cattaraugus Formation
842:43.02194°N 78.13333°W
652:
482:
454:Amherstburg Formation
423:(the steep face of a
6501:Limestone formations
6353:Waynesboro Formation
6230:Beekmantown Dolomite
6074:Reedsville Formation
5593:West Falls Formation
5399:Pocahontas Formation
5081:Waynesboro Formation
5022:Gatesburgh Formation
4978:Stonehenge Formation
4924:Bellefonte Formation
4881:Loyalsburg Formation
4810:Reedsville Formation
4446:Bois Blanc Formation
4326:Mahantango Formation
4153:Lock Haven Formation
4134:Sherman Creek Member
4098:Sherman Creek Member
3943:Lock Haven Formation
3835:Loyalhanna Formation
3831:Greenbrier Limestone
3698:Quakertown Fire Clay
3518:Kittanning Formation
3340:Connellsville Member
3288:Pittsburgh coal seam
3246:Upper Sewickley Coal
3231:Pittsburgh Formation
3118:Waynesburg Formation
3035:Washington Formation
3007:Prosperity Limestone
2997:Claysville Limestone
2992:Fish Creek Sandstone
2849:Middle Run Formation
2766:Eau Claire Formation
2692:Whitewater Formation
2652:Grant Lake Formation
2582:Brassfield Formation
2565:Springfield Dolomite
2515:Cedarville Formation
2497:Goat Island Dolomite
2338:Bois Blanc Formation
2320:Holland Quarry Shale
2293:Amherstburg Dolomite
2214:Amherstburg Dolomite
2175:Mahantango Formation
1877:Pittsburgh Formation
1860:Waynesburg Formation
1815:Washington Formation
1460:Bois Blanc Formation
1351:West Falls Formation
1303:Perrysburg Formation
1004:Field Trip Guidebook
940:"Onondaga Formation"
915:"Onondaga Limestone"
756:, Syracuse, New York
750:, Syracuse, New York
136:Geological formation
30:For other uses, see
6417:Swift Run Formation
6191:St. Peter Sandstone
6097:Lexington Limestone
5992:Tuscarora Sandstone
5969:Rose Hill Formation
5836:Tonoloway Formation
5445:Bluefield Formation
5435:Princeton Sandstone
5430:Bluestone Formation
5394:New River Formation
5366:Allegheny Formation
4805:Queenston Formation
4772:Tuscarora Formation
4751:Rose Hill Formation
4355:Marcellus Formation
4139:Irish Valley Member
4103:Irish Valley Member
4075:Hampshire Formation
3984:Chadakoin Formation
3963:Cussewago Formation
3948:Riceville Formation
3810:Bluefield Formation
3795:Princeton Formation
3790:Bluestone Formation
3728:Sharon Shale Member
3498:Lower Freeport Coal
3482:Upper Freeport Coal
3375:Pittsburgh Red Beds
3315:Casselman Formation
3221:Fulton Shale Member
3168:Uniontown Formation
2962:Windy Gap Limestone
2837:Swift Run Formation
2794:Mt. Simon Sandstone
2761:Conasauga Formation
2715:Lexington Limestone
2602:Manitoulin Dolomite
2450:Greenfield Dolomite
2303:Hillsboro Sandstone
2298:Detroit River Group
2234:Hillsboro Sandstone
2229:Detroit River Group
2059:Cussewago Sandstone
1900:Casselman Formation
1872:Uniontown Formation
1625:Indian Castle Shale
1298:Panama Conglomerate
1167: /
847:43.02194; -78.13333
838: /
775:"Onodaga Limestone"
615:peoples throughout
458:Detroit River Group
388:is a group of hard
197:Schoharie Formation
171:Marcellus Formation
46:Stratigraphic range
6451:Onondaga limestone
6405:Catoctin Formation
6318:Weverton Formation
6308:Antietam Formation
6235:Rose Run Sandstone
6125:Nealmont Limestone
5959:McKenzie Formation
5923:McKenzie Formation
5900:McKenzie Formation
5741:Oriskany Sandstone
5723:Huntersville Chert
5687:Huntersville Chert
5677:Onondaga Limestone
5583:Brallier Formation
5565:Brallier Formation
5491:Maccrady Formation
5486:Cuyahoga Formation
5238:Igneous intrusives
5207:Igneous intrusives
5157:Chronostratigraphy
5091:Antietam Formation
5086:Tomstown Formation
4638:Syracuse Formation
4607:Camillus Formation
4451:Oriskany Formation
4438:Huntersville Chert
4391:Huntersville Chert
4364:Onondaga Limestone
4258:Knapp Conglomerate
4234:Penn Yan Formation
4148:Brallier Formation
4065:Rockwell Formation
3938:Brallier Formation
3894:Rockwell Formation
3853:Cuyahoga Formation
3772:Shenango Formation
3472:Freeport Formation
3419:Mahoning Formation
3359:Glenshaw Formation
3148:Waynesburg“A” coal
3138:Waynesburg“B” coal
2895:Chronostratigraphy
2647:Fairview Formation
2455:Tymochtee Dolomite
2353:Sylvania Sandstone
2348:Oriskany Sandstone
2262:Onondaga Limestone
2224:Delaware Limestone
2219:Columbus Limestone
1977:Cuyahoga Formation
1959:Maxville Limestone
1905:Glenshaw Formation
1754:Chronostratigraphy
1670:Lowville Formation
1424:Onondaga Limestone
1283:Chadokin Formation
1218:Chronostratigraphy
743:Syracuse, New York
725:Brooklyn, New York
695:Floresta Formation
655:
590:Portage Escarpment
571:Niagara Escarpment
551:, which runs from
487:
468:just north of the
449:Fort Erie, Ontario
386:Onondaga Limestone
193:Oriskany Sandstone
189:Old Port Formation
185:Huntersville Chert
40:Onondaga Limestone
6438:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6422:Grenville Complex
6412:
6411:
6365:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6348:Tomstown Dolomite
6338:Elbrook Formation
6322:Loudoun Formation
6313:Harpers Formation
6298:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6186:
6185:
6161:Black River Group
6156:Trenton Limestone
6110:
6109:
6102:Trenton Limestone
6069:Juniata Formation
6046:Juniata Formation
6009:
6008:
6005:
6004:
5997:Clinton Sandstone
5954:Lockport Dolomite
5931:
5930:
5918:Lockport Dolomite
5862:
5861:
5771:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5695:
5694:
5621:
5620:
5613:Genesee Formation
5513:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5407:
5406:
5389:Kanawha Formation
5298:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5243:
5242:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5123:
5122:
5116:Grenville Complex
5103:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5071:Potsdam Formation
5066:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5054:Kinzers Formation
5027:Warrior Formation
4988:
4987:
4973:Nittany Formation
4957:Beekmantown Group
4912:Beekmantown Group
4852:Black River Group
4782:
4781:
4721:
4720:
4712:Gasport Formation
4703:Eramosa Formation
4648:
4647:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4506:Manlius Limestone
4415:
4414:
4319:Tichnor Formation
4253:
4252:
4176:Rhinestreet Shale
4046:Chagrin Formation
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3871:Burgoon Formation
3779:Mauch Chunk Group
3749:
3748:
3649:Lower Mercer Coal
3639:Upper Mercer Coal
3588:Brookville Member
3560:Clarian Formation
3350:Birmingham Member
3345:Morgantown Member
3241:Benwood Limestone
3162:Monongahela Group
3080:
3079:
2987:Nineveh Limestone
2977:Nineveh Sandstone
2972:Gilmore Sandstone
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2844:
2843:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2789:
2788:
2738:
2737:
2725:Trenton Limestone
2710:Black River Group
2682:Trenton Limestone
2662:Liberty Formation
2632:Arnheim Formation
2609:
2608:
2592:Clinton Formation
2530:Euphemia Dolomite
2505:
2504:
2440:
2439:
2361:
2360:
2328:
2327:
2247:
2246:
2143:Rhinestreet Shale
2116:
2115:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
1936:
1935:
1867:Monongahela Group
1823:
1822:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1700:Black River Group
1695:
1694:
1677:Napanee Formation
1665:Black River Group
1635:Steuben Formation
1620:Hillier Formation
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1548:
1547:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1437:
1436:
1359:
1358:
897:978-0-88854-341-7
734:Batavia, New York
676:Tioga-B Bentonite
664:Moorehouse Member
625:projectile points
495:Chittenango Falls
484:Chittenango Falls
445:Buffalo, New York
382:
381:
345:Appalachian Basin
16:(Redirected from
6553:
6466:Devonian Ontario
6394:
6385:
6376:
6267:
6258:
6206:
6145:
6130:Oswego Formation
6064:Cincinnati Group
6041:Cincinnati Group
6029:
6020:
5964:Keefer Formation
5942:
5873:
5819:
5804:Keyser Formation
5794:Bertie Formation
5782:
5759:Helderberg Group
5706:
5632:
5603:Sonyea Formation
5533:
5524:
5463:Greenbrier Group
5440:Hinton Formation
5418:
5384:Pottsville Group
5318:
5309:
5274:
5265:
5256:
5251:
5229:
5224:
5198:
5193:
5187:
5182:
5176:
5171:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5127:
5042:
4999:
4968:Axeman Formation
4873:Hatter Formation
4868:Snyder Formation
4843:Rodman Formation
4838:Salona Formation
4833:Coburn Formation
4793:
4699:Guelph Formation
4682:Vernon Formation
4659:
4584:
4567:Bertie Formation
4531:
4501:Keyser Formation
4426:
4309:Ludlow Formation
4304:Moscow Formation
4278:
4229:West River Shale
4171:Angola Formation
4160:West Falls Group
4093:Duncannon Member
3953:Oswayo Formation
3926:
3917:
3805:Maxton Sandstone
3800:Hinton Formation
3760:
3739:Sharon Sandstone
3717:Sharon Formation
3703:Quakertown Shale
3670:Pottsville Group
3623:Mercer Formation
3597:Pottsville Group
3100:
3091:
3017:Donley Limestone
2952:Greene Formation
2934:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2909:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2865:
2826:
2817:
2771:Kerbel Formation
2749:
2677:Saluda Formation
2642:Drakes Formation
2637:Cincinnati Group
2620:
2587:Cabot Head Shale
2555:Peebles Dolomite
2540:Lilley Formation
2535:Laurel Limestone
2520:Dayton Formation
2510:Bisher Formation
2487:Gasport Dolomite
2470:
2397:
2383:Bertie Formation
2372:
2343:Helderberg Group
2282:
2252:Dundee Formation
2196:Silica Formation
2186:Plum Brook Shale
2158:
2133:West Falls Group
2037:
2028:
1947:
1928:Pottsville Group
1843:
1834:
1810:Greene Formation
1793:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1768:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1724:
1615:Denley Formation
1603:
1594:
1559:
1510:
1495:Bertie Formation
1483:
1448:
1429:Tioga Bentonites
1391:Moscow Formation
1370:
1346:Sonyea Formation
1293:Oswayo Formation
1266:
1257:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1232:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1117:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1064:. pp. 1–174
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
995:
989:
986:
980:
979:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
936:
930:
929:
927:
925:
911:
902:
901:
883:
877:
876:
874:
872:
860:
854:
853:
852:
850:
849:
848:
843:
839:
836:
835:
834:
831:
822:
816:
811:
805:
800:
794:
789:
783:
782:
771:
739:Gridley Building
670:Edgecliff Member
617:Southern Ontario
581:and Wisconsin's
553:Attica, New York
499:Le Roy, New York
406:Southern Ontario
376:
333:
331:
330:
321:
319:
318:
303:
301:
300:
291:
289:
288:
279:
277:
276:
267:
265:
264:
257:New York (state)
255:
253:
252:
243:
241:
240:
181:Helderberg Group
127:
64:
37:
21:
6561:
6560:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6456:Devonian Canada
6441:
6440:
6439:
6426:
6408:
6357:
6328:Conasauga Group
6303:Chilhowee Group
6290:
6239:
6195:
6182:
6164:
6134:
6106:
6083:
6050:
6001:
5978:
5974:Rochester Shale
5927:
5904:
5858:
5840:
5808:
5763:
5745:
5727:
5691:
5672:Marcellus Shale
5653:
5644:Tully Limestone
5617:
5569:
5550:Berea Sandstone
5545:Price Formation
5505:
5501:Berea Sandstone
5481:Price Formation
5467:
5449:
5403:
5370:
5352:
5348:Conemaugh Group
5334:
5290:
5249:
5239:
5222:
5208:
5191:
5180:
5169:
5163:
5154:
5124:
5119:
5095:
5058:
5031:
5013:Knox Supergroup
4984:
4944:Knox Supergroup
4930:
4907:Knox Supergroup
4884:
4778:
4746:Rochester Shale
4717:
4644:
4613:
4573:
4550:
4548:Akron Formation
4512:
4478:
4460:
4411:
4330:
4288:Tully Limestone
4267:
4249:
4201:Middlesex Shale
4109:
4041:Cleveland Shale
3898:
3882:Berea Sandstone
3839:
3817:
3745:
3692:Quakertown Coal
3688:"2nd Salt Sand"
3674:
3656:
3615:"1st Salt Sand"
3601:
3582:Brookville Coal
3470:
3466:Allegheny Group
3452:
3430:Bush Creek Coal
3313:
3309:Conemaugh Group
3295:
3229:
3178:Waynesburg coal
3166:
3116:
3076:
3065:Washington Coal
3033:
3025:Rockport Member
2950:
2918:
2907:
2901:
2892:
2862:
2853:
2840:
2798:
2785:
2734:
2696:
2672:Queenston Shale
2667:Miamitown Shale
2605:
2569:
2560:Rochester Shale
2501:
2492:Guelph Dolomite
2459:
2436:
2432:Guelph Dolomite
2413:
2386:
2357:
2324:
2306:
2271:
2243:
2239:Marcellus Shale
2200:
2191:Prout Limestone
2180:Olentangy Shale
2170:Tully Formation
2147:
2112:
2107:Olentangy Shale
2088:
2073:Cleveland Shale
2054:Berea Sandstone
2009:
2005:Rushville Shale
2000:Coldwater Shale
1991:
1982:Logan Formation
1963:
1932:
1923:Allegheny Group
1909:
1895:Conemaugh Group
1881:
1819:
1777:
1766:
1760:
1751:
1721:
1704:
1691:
1682:Selby Formation
1644:
1575:
1544:
1526:
1499:
1464:
1433:
1419:Marcellus Shale
1405:
1389:
1382:Tully Limestone
1355:
1312:
1308:Westfield Shale
1241:
1230:
1224:
1215:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1144:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1099:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1078:Further reading
1067:
1065:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1009:
1007:
997:
996:
992:
987:
983:
976:
963:
962:
958:
948:
946:
938:
937:
933:
923:
921:
913:
912:
905:
898:
885:
884:
880:
870:
868:
862:
861:
857:
846:
844:
840:
837:
832:
829:
827:
825:
824:
823:
819:
812:
808:
801:
797:
790:
786:
773:
772:
768:
763:
721:Brooklyn Bridge
711:dimension stone
707:
687:Middle Devonian
647:
630:Milton, Ontario
579:Upper Peninsula
377:
348:
328:
326:
325:
316:
314:
298:
296:
295:
286:
284:
283:
274:
272:
271:
262:
260:
259:
250:
248:
247:
238:
236:
126:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
59:
58:
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6559:
6557:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6516:Building stone
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6496:Givetian Stage
6493:
6491:Eifelian Stage
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6443:
6442:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6419:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6402:
6400:
6391:
6382:
6373:
6367:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6324:
6323:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6282:
6281:
6275:
6273:
6264:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6237:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6219:
6214:
6212:
6203:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6178:St. Paul Group
6174:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6151:
6142:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6099:
6093:
6091:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6060:
6058:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6037:
6035:
6026:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5988:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5950:
5948:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5914:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5881:
5879:
5870:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5850:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5816:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5790:
5788:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5755:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5737:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5720:
5718:Needmore Shale
5714:
5712:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5684:
5682:Needmore Shale
5679:
5674:
5669:
5667:Hamilton Group
5663:
5661:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5649:Hamilton Group
5646:
5640:
5638:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5588:Java Formation
5585:
5579:
5577:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5541:
5539:
5530:
5521:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5477:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5459:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5426:
5424:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5380:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5362:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5344:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5315:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5282:
5280:
5271:
5262:
5253:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5226:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5195:
5184:
5173:
5165:
5164:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5130:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5113:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5050:
5048:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5007:
5005:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4909:
4901:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4748:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4731:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:Lockport Group
4687:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4665:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4592:
4590:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4495:
4494:
4488:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:Needmore Shale
4434:
4432:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4407:Needmore Shale
4404:
4403:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:Hamilton Group
4340:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:Hamilton Group
4286:
4284:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4236:
4231:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4196:Cashaqua Shale
4190:
4189:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:Catskill Group
4119:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:Catskill Group
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4060:Java Formation
4056:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:Bradford Group
3990:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3986:, First Warren
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3923:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3827:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3680:
3679:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3432:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3370:Ames Limestone
3364:
3363:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3319:
3318:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3256:Sewickley Coal
3253:
3248:
3243:
3235:
3234:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3209:Uniontown Coal
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Jollytown Coal
3052:
3047:
3039:
3038:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2967:Windy Gap Coal
2964:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2911:
2903:
2902:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2823:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2781:Rome Formation
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2657:Kope Formation
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2482:Lockport Group
2478:
2476:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2257:Lucas Dolomite
2254:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:Java Formation
2123:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1630:Rust Formation
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:Hamilton Group
1384:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1341:Java Formation
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1191:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1142:External links
1140:
1139:
1138:
1119:
1096:
1095:
1092:Geology portal
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1017:
990:
981:
974:
956:
931:
903:
896:
878:
855:
817:
806:
795:
784:
765:
764:
762:
759:
758:
757:
751:
745:
736:
727:
706:
703:
672:
671:
668:
665:
662:
646:
643:
583:Door Peninsula
541:Genesee County
526:Avon, New York
380:
379:
369:
368:
363:
359:
358:
354:
353:
342:
338:
337:
312:
308:
307:
234:
230:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
200:
199:
178:
174:
173:
167:Hamilton Group
164:
160:
159:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
65:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6558:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6521:Cliff-formers
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6368:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6086:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6057:
6053:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6012:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5608:Harrell Shale
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5555:Bedford Shale
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5496:Sunbury Shale
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5287:
5286:Dunkard Group
5284:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5219:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5166:
5162:
5161:West Virginia
5158:
5151:
5146:
5144:
5139:
5137:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4822:Trenton Group
4820:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4753:"Red Clinton"
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:Clinton Group
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4408:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4244:
4243:Geneseo Shale
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:Harrell Shale
4211:
4210:Genesee Group
4208:
4207:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3970:Venango Group
3968:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3958:Bedford Shale
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3887:Bedford Shale
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:Sunbury Shale
3875:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3812:"Little Lime"
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:"No. 4a Coal"
3572:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:"No. 6a Coal"
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3447:
3444:
3442:"No. 7a Coal"
3441:
3440:Mahoning Coal
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:"No 8a. Coal"
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3211:"No. 10 Coal"
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:"No. 11 Coal"
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3112:Dunkard Group
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:Dunkard Group
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2776:Knox Dolomite
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:Chagrin Shale
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Bedford Shale
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1987:Sunbury Shale
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:Dunkard Group
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Dunkard Group
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:Geneseo Shale
1334:
1332:
1331:Genesee Group
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1207:
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1189:
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1128:
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975:0-231-08248-7
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669:
667:Nedrow Member
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661:Seneca Member
660:
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613:First Nations
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522:Genesee River
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351:North America
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293:West Virginia
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60:392–383
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
19:
5910:Sheinwoodian
5885:Salina Group
5854:Salina Group
5831:Salina Group
5676:
5422:Serpukhovian
4879:
4761:Medina Group
4671:Salina Group
4627:Salina Group
4596:Salina Group
4556:Salina Group
4363:
4239:Burket Shale
4185:Sonyea Group
3860:Pocono Group
3764:Serpukhovian
3735:"No. 1 Coal"
3694:"No. 2 Coal"
3651:"No. 3 Coal"
3584:"No. 4 Coal"
3571:Clarian Coal
3547:"No. 5 Coal"
3541:"No. 6 Coal"
3484:"No. 7 Coal"
3290:"No. 8 Coal"
3217:"Great Lime"
3012:Tenmile Coal
3002:Dunkard Coal
2982:Nineveh Coal
2899:Pennsylvania
2550:Osgood Shale
2545:Massie Shale
2525:Estill Shale
2445:Salina Group
2427:Salina Group
2409:Salina Group
2261:
2138:Angola Shale
2121:Antrim Shale
2102:Burket Shale
1571:Salina Group
1540:Salina Group
1522:Salina Group
1423:
1184:
1152:
1132:25 September
1130:. Retrieved
1105:
1101:
1066:. Retrieved
1056:
1048:Bibliography
1033:. Retrieved
1027:
1020:
1010:18 September
1008:. Retrieved
1003:
993:
984:
965:
959:
947:. Retrieved
943:
934:
924:17 September
922:. Retrieved
887:
881:
869:. Retrieved
858:
820:
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798:
787:
778:
769:
715:
708:
701:, Colombia.
680:
673:
656:
634:late archaic
602:
594:Finger Lakes
587:
568:
560:Pennsylvania
557:
537:Linden Fault
534:
524:valley near
520:valley, the
511:
503:Indian Falls
488:
441:Finger Lakes
433:Mohawk River
429:Hudson River
410:
385:
383:
366:Onondaga, NY
357:Type section
281:Pennsylvania
6210:Tremadocian
6149:Darriwilian
6079:Utica Shale
5598:Rhinestreet
5473:Tournaisian
4815:Utica Shale
4051:Huron Shale
3845:Tournaisian
3833:"Big Lime"
3733:Sharon Coal
2083:Huron Shale
1969:Tournaisian
1174: /
845: /
833:078°08′00″W
645:Description
639:Great Lakes
607:(a type of
411:In upstate
6445:Categories
6343:Rome Group
6279:Knox Group
6223:Knox Group
6033:Hirnantian
5937:Llandovery
5823:Ludfordian
5751:Lochkovian
5560:Ohio Shale
5376:Bashkirian
5340:Kasimovian
5269:Cisuralian
4727:Llandovery
4588:Ludfordian
4484:Lochkovian
4375:Moorehouse
4030:Ohio Shale
3662:Bashkirian
3301:Kasimovian
2938:Cisuralian
2575:Llandovery
2401:Ludfordian
2312:Lochkovian
2066:Ohio Shale
1887:Kasimovian
1797:Cisuralian
1514:Ludfordian
830:43°01′19″N
761:References
623:) such as
575:Lake Huron
474:Leamington
421:escarpment
390:limestones
150:Moorehouse
6398:Ediacaran
6262:Furongian
6170:Dapingian
5946:Telychian
5537:Famennian
5358:Moscovian
5003:Furongian
4381:Edgecliff
4012:Elk Group
3930:Famennian
3458:Moscovian
2753:Furongian
2041:Famennian
1915:Moscovian
1270:Famennian
1171:43°N 79°W
528:, and at
470:Lake Erie
394:dolomites
362:Named for
212:Limestone
203:Lithology
163:Underlies
156:Edgecliff
142:Sub-units
6271:Stage 10
6089:Sandbian
5984:Aeronian
5877:Homerian
5846:Gorstian
5659:Eifelian
5636:Givetian
5575:Frasnian
5322:Gzhelian
5278:Asselian
5037:Series 2
4663:Homerian
4619:Gorstian
4336:Eifelian
4282:Givetian
4115:Frasnian
3104:Gzhelian
2474:Homerian
2419:Gorstian
2206:Eifelian
2162:Givetian
2094:Frasnian
1847:Gzhelian
1650:Sandbian
1563:Homerian
1532:Gorstian
1411:Eifelian
1374:Givetian
1318:Frasnian
1288:NE Shale
1222:New York
1114:44808365
1068:31 March
641:region.
564:Michigan
505:west of
437:Syracuse
413:New York
402:outcrops
398:Devonian
349:eastern
245:Maryland
228:Location
177:Overlies
54:Givetian
50:Eifelian
5868:Wenlock
5786:Pridoli
5733:Pragian
5046:Stage 4
4654:Wenlock
4535:Pridoli
4466:Pragian
2465:Wenlock
2376:Pridoli
2182:(lower)
2109:(upper)
1554:Wenlock
1487:Pridoli
1176:43; -79
871:28 June
697:of the
685:of the
621:lithics
514:erosion
507:Batavia
491:streams
466:Windsor
462:Detroit
456:of the
447:. From
417:Ontario
311:Country
305:Ontario
208:Primary
6140:Middle
6056:Katian
5814:Ludlow
5710:Emsian
5627:Middle
5455:Viséan
5202:Eocene
4890:Middle
4579:Ludlow
4430:Emsian
4378:Nedrow
4372:Seneca
4273:Middle
3823:Viséan
2702:Middle
2392:Ludlow
2286:Emsian
2153:Middle
1951:Viséan
1607:Katian
1505:Ludlow
1452:Emsian
1365:Middle
1112:
972:
949:26 May
894:
598:Ithaca
425:cuesta
341:Extent
335:Canada
332:
320:
302:
290:
278:
266:
254:
242:
233:Region
195:, and
153:Nedrow
147:Seneca
6201:Lower
6024:Upper
5701:Lower
5528:Upper
4936:Lower
4797:Upper
4421:Lower
3921:Upper
2624:Upper
2277:Lower
2032:Upper
1598:Upper
1443:Lower
1261:Upper
1110:JSTOR
1035:1 May
683:stage
609:chert
605:flint
549:fault
518:Tully
222:Chert
218:Other
1758:Ohio
1162:79°W
1159:43°N
1134:2015
1070:2017
1037:2020
1012:2015
970:ISBN
951:2008
926:2015
892:ISBN
873:2008
562:and
501:and
464:and
392:and
384:The
269:Ohio
169:and
132:Type
68:PreꞒ
5159:of
2897:of
1756:of
1220:of
741:of
732:in
443:to
396:of
323:USA
6447::
6371:pЄ
5250:Pz
5223:Mz
5192:Pe
5181:Cz
5170:Ph
5109:pЄ
4444:,
4440:,
4241:/
4212:/
2919:Pz
2908:Ph
2812:pЄ
1778:Pz
1767:Ph
1242:Pz
1231:Ph
1125:.
1106:44
1104:.
1060:.
1002:.
942:.
917:.
906:^
777:.
691:Ma
600:.
585:.
509:.
476:.
347:of
191:,
187:,
183:,
118:Pg
62:Ma
48::
6389:Z
6380:♇
6253:Є
6015:O
5777:S
5519:D
5413:M
5313:⁋
5304:C
5260:P
5233:J
5149:e
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5135:v
4994:Є
4914::
4788:O
4526:S
3912:D
3755:M
3678::
3605::
3474::
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3233::
3170::
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2821:♇
2744:Є
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2023:D
1942:M
1838:⁋
1829:C
1788:P
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1196:v
1136:.
1116:.
1072:.
1039:.
1014:.
978:.
953:.
928:.
900:.
875:.
781:.
123:N
113:K
108:J
103:T
98:P
93:C
88:D
83:S
78:O
73:Ꞓ
57:~
52:-
34:.
20:)
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