165:), the Latin definitive pronoun meaning "the same" is also used on occasion (especially in legal writing) within footnotes, and is a stand-in for the last-cited author, rather than title. The Latin adverb
71:
should never, therefore, be used on its own, which would be meaningless, but most often with the author's surname, or another brief clue as to which work is referred to. For example, given a work called
245:(because the work was published in 2000), page 66. Reference number 15 refers to reference number 12: there are two works by Wiki published in 2003 so you must use the title.
92:", if two sources by that author are cited). Given names or initials are not needed unless the work cites two authors with the same surname, as the whole purpose of using
139:, to use the example above. Various different styles call for other alternatives, such as a reference to the author's surname and publication year, e.g. "Smith 1999".
118:
meaning "in the place cited", has been used for the same purpose but also indicating the same page not simply the same work; it is now rarely used or recognized.
80:", usually followed by a page number, to refer the reader to a previous full citation of this work (or with further clarification such as "Smith 1999,
155:, meaning "in the same place; in that very place" which refers the reader to the title of the work in the preceding footnote. The easily confused
369:
237:
Reference number 13 refers to the last cited work by the author R. Millan, and hence, it is the same as in number 9 (R. Millan,
475:
123:
470:
67:, where the full citation of the work can be found, or to a full citation given in a previous footnote.
96:
is the economy of text. For works without an individually named author, the title can be used, e.g. "
241:), although the page referred to is different. Reference number 14 refers to reference number 10,
59:
to refer the reader to a cited work, standing in for repetition of the full title of the work.
365:
167:
135:
are "rightly falling into disuse", and "instead uses the short-title form", e.g. the form
450:
464:
171:, meaning "above", means simply "see above" and can therefore be somewhat imprecise.
311:
64:
25:
455:
320:
316:
110:
56:
52:
364:(16th ed.). Chicago: Univiversity of Chicago Press. p. 670.
352:
Fisher Saller, Carol; Harper, Russell David, eds. (2010). "14.31:
147:
157:
387:(2011), "14.28: Short form for titles", pp. 668–669.
76:(1999) by Jane Q. Smith, the style would typically be "Smith
456:Introduction to bibliographies and citation styles
302:This is exactly the same as the long form above.
426:
424:
347:
345:
343:
341:
339:
337:
8:
108:is typically given in italics. The variant
104:" As usual with foreign words and phrases,
29:
333:
263:(Blah Ltd.: London, 2000), p. 217.
256:(Academic: New York, 1997), p. 23.
201:(Blah Ltd.: London, 2003), p. 354.
194:(Blah Ltd.: London, 2000), p. 217.
187:(Academic: New York, 1997), p. 23.
270:(Blah Ltd.: London, 2003), p. 354
208:(Blah Ltd.: London, 2003), p. 35.
151:, an abbreviation of the Latin adverb
114:, an abbreviation of the Latin phrase
277:(Blah Ltd.: London, 2003), p. 35
7:
397:Marchant; Charles (eds.). "ibidem".
14:
51:The abbreviation is used in an
63:thus refers the reader to the
39:, meaning "the work cited" or
1:
268:Towards a More Perfect Speech
199:Towards a More Perfect Speech
127:, 16th edition, claims that
437:’", pp. 669–630.
362:The Chicago Manual of Style
492:
399:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
248:For the short-title form:
24:is an abbreviation of the
319:(may or may not apply to
74:The World of Salamanders
161:(sometimes abbreviated
124:Chicago Manual of Style
476:Latin literary phrases
30:
289:Language and Its Uses
261:Language and Its Uses
243:Language and Its Uses
192:Language and Its Uses
451:Dictionary.com: ibid
282:Art of Latin Grammar
254:Art of Latin Grammar
239:Art of Latin Grammar
185:Art of Latin Grammar
137:World of Salamanders
86:World of Salamanders
179:Footnotes 9 to 15:
145:is contrasted with
98:CIA World Fact Book
16:Latin abbreviation
433:(2011), "14.30: ‘
414:(2011), "14.29: ‘
401:(260th ed.).
371:978-0-226-10420-1
41:in the cited work
483:
438:
428:
419:
409:
403:
402:
394:
388:
382:
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218:(14) Wiki 2000,
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252:(9) R. Millan,
183:(9) R. Millan,
177:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
489:
487:
479:
478:
473:
463:
462:
459:
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445:External links
443:
440:
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389:
377:
370:
332:
331:
329:
326:
325:
324:
314:
307:
304:
300:
299:
296:I Say, You Say
292:
285:
278:
275:I Say, You Say
273:(12) G. Wiki,
271:
266:(11) G. Wiki,
264:
259:(10) G. Wiki,
257:
235:
234:
227:I Say, You Say
223:
216:
209:
206:I Say, You Say
204:(12) G. Wiki,
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197:(11) G. Wiki,
195:
190:(10) G. Wiki,
188:
176:
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48:
45:
15:
13:
10:
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293:
291:, p. 66.
290:
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222:, p. 66.
221:
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211:(13) Millan,
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196:
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84:" or "Smith,
83:
79:
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66:
62:
58:
54:
46:
44:
42:
38:
34:
32:
27:
23:
22:
471:Bibliography
434:
430:
415:
411:
407:
398:
392:
384:
380:
361:
357:
353:
312:Bibliography
301:
298:, p. 4.
295:
288:
284:, p. 5.
281:
274:
267:
260:
253:
247:
242:
238:
236:
233:, p. 4.
230:
226:
219:
215:, p. 5.
212:
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191:
184:
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166:
162:
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152:
146:
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136:
132:
128:
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109:
105:
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93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
65:bibliography
60:
50:
40:
37:opere citato
36:
31:opus citatum
28:
26:Latin phrase
20:
19:
18:
418:’", p. 669.
225:(15) Wiki,
116:loco citato
465:Categories
328:References
358:loc. cit.
321:APA style
317:MLA style
133:loc. cit.
111:Loc. cit.
354:Op. cit.
306:See also
231:op. cit.
220:op. cit.
213:op. cit.
175:Examples
143:Op. cit.
129:op. cit.
106:op. cit.
102:op. cit.
94:op. cit.
90:op. cit.
82:op. cit.
78:op. cit.
69:Op. cit.
61:Op. cit.
57:footnote
47:Overview
21:Op. cit.
431:Chicago
412:Chicago
385:Chicago
53:endnote
368:
153:ibidem
416:Ibid.
294:(15)
287:(14)
280:(13)
168:supra
148:ibid.
435:Idem
366:ISBN
356:and
158:idem
131:and
121:The
360:".
163:id.
55:or
35:or
467::
423:^
336:^
229:,
100:,
88:,
374:.
323:)
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