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101:, base commander William R. Griffin congratulated them and invited them to share a meal: the first decent food, said Leal, that the group had in some weeks. He also offered the Argentines spare parts to repair their snowcat vehicles, tools, and access to the base's workshop. Leal hesitated, fearing that foreign assistance could diminish the value of the expedition, but ultimately accepted. They then returned to Base Belgrano, which they reached on December 31. Overall, the mission lasted 66 days.
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One of the goals of the expedition was to perform scientific measurements and observations. To accomplish this, the soldiers were trained on how to use various meteorological, glaciological, gravimetric, magnetic and topographic equipment. There was also a political goal: to show that
Argentina could
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in the early 1950s but could not be carried out due a lack of forward bases and icebreakers The plan was revived in 1961, and finally approved in July 1962 Preparations began in 1963 and suffered multiple mishaps, including the loss of a
Douglas C-47 plane, which crashed while scouting possible
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on
October 26, 1965. The main group was preceded by a scouting four-men patrol on a sled drawn by 18 dogs. While the scouts remained at 83° 2″ S, Leal and his men reached the geographic South Pole on December 10. Shortly after, they were met by a radar operator from the
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Before leaving the
Amundsen base, Leal and his men were given diplomas recognizing them as members for life of the "Penguin Emperor's Court", a long-running inside joke among Antarctic explorers.
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routes; the crew was rescued a few days later. Colonel Jorge Edgar Leal, chief of the
General Staff's Antarctic Division, was chosen to lead the expedition.
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under then-Colonel Jorge Edgard Leal. It was also the first Latin-American expedition to the South Pole. It was named after the target: 90 degree South
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The group received a hero's welcome upon their return to Buenos Aires and were congratulated personally by
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exert sovereignty on a portion of
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235:. Museo Maritimo de Usuahia. pp. 120, 132, 169, 155, 174, 177.
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1965 operation of the
Argentine Army to cement claims on Antarctica
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209:. Editorial Libreria Mitre. pp. 97, 106, 111, 115, 121.
112:, and spent some time in prison due to his opposition to
256:"Operación 90: La llegada al Polo Sur por vía terrestre"
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The operation had been originally conceived by
General
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358:Non-combat military operations involving Argentina
160:. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. p. 43.
173:Antártida: introducción a un continente remoto
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137:List of Antarctic expeditions
277:Negrete, Claudio R. (2022).
77:Leal's team departed on six
383:Argentina and the Antarctic
265:Llegada al Polo (terrestre)
171:Sánchez, Rodolfo A (2007).
156:Jurío, Mirta Luisa (1984).
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87:General Belgrano Army Base
110:Alejandro Agustín Lanusse
81:vehicles (believed to be
233:Memorias de un Antartico
231:Leal, Jorge E. (2021).
378:Military in Antarctica
205:San Martin, C (1969).
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388:Antarctic expeditions
363:History of Antarctica
334:81.06806°S 40.60028°W
258:by Jorge Edgard Leal
56:geographic South Pole
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339:-81.06806; -40.60028
106:Arturo Umberto Illia
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158:Argentina antártica
114:Operation Soberanía
373:1965 in Antarctica
311:Fundación Marambio
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322:81°04′05″S
263:(Click on
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44:South Pole
25:South Pole
131:See also
116:and the
52:latitude
283:Infobae
99:Soviets
79:snowcat
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123:Trivia
237:ISBN
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