1118:
1339:
1532:
1053:
1605:
5776:
168:
44:
1195:, to draw British attention away from the real landing sites. The main assault convoy was scheduled to begin landing on Malta just before midnight on the first day, after the airborne forces had landed in the afternoon and secured the heights above the beaches. The bulk of the first-wave assault troops would come from the
1508:
would carry approximately 200 rounds each for shore bombardment. Italian and German submarines were to scout for and intercept
British naval forces attempting to interfere with the seaborne landings. One submarine was to be stationed midway between Sicily and Malta, to act as a guide beacon for the
1329:
tanks were also offered for use in the invasion but it is not known what unit these were to be drawn from. Plans to use the captured
Russian tanks were at some point abandoned and all armour transported to Malta was to be Italian only. Two days were allowed for the amphibious assault and landing of
1082:
in May 1941. This time, Student had months to prepare and learn from the mistakes made on Crete. Knowledge of
British defensive positions on Malta was extensive, thanks to meticulous aerial mapping by the Italians. Every fortification, artillery emplacement and AA battery was carefully scrutinised.
1655:
field guns, capable of providing fire support out to a range of 6.8 mi (11 km) and covering most of the island while remaining in protected static positions. Malta's fixed defences included nineteen heavy coastal guns (varying in size from 12-inch to 16-inch, although these
Victorian era
1733:
but even he was eventually dissuaded when it became apparent that too many air and ground units had been siphoned off to support the Axis drive into Egypt, diminishing any chance of success. With Hitler lacking faith in the parachute divisions after Crete and in the ability of the
Italian navy to
1612:
In 1942 the garrison of Malta consisted of 15 infantry battalions (11 Commonwealth, 4 Maltese) organised into four brigades totalling 26,000 men. Tank support was provided by the 1st
Independent Troop of the Royal Tank Regiment, disembarked in November 1940, which was initially equipped with four
1591:
units could detect surface ships up to 14 nmi (16 mi; 26 km) away. By March 1942, the set had been delivered and installed and a small group of
Italian ratings had been trained in Germany on its use. Operational testing began that spring and by May, the fleet commander Vice-Admiral
1707:
supported the Malta plan and asked Hitler for command of the invasion forces. His reasons for supporting an invasion were to hinder the Allied troops fighting in Africa, as well as to remove the threat to the convoys heading to
Italian-German forces with supplies, oil and men, all of which they
1415:
railway ferries (converted to carry four to eight tanks each); ten passenger ships (800–1,400 men each), six former passenger ferries (400 men each), six cargo ships (3,000 long tons (3,000 t) of supplies each), 30 ex-trawlers (300 men each); five converted minelayers (500 men each) and 74
1235:
1190:
bay, the main effort falling upon a site named "Famagosta beach" and a smaller secondary landing at "Larnaca beach". Also to be seized were the lesser islands of Gozo and Comino. Amphibious feints would be directed at St. Paul's Bay, Mellieħa Bay and north-west of
Valletta near the old
1362:
Type A (MFP) in
Italian shipyards. These 220-long-ton (220 t) shallow-draught vessels, were capable of transporting up to 200 equipped infantry, 2–3 medium tanks or an equivalent weight in cargo and could unload onto an open beach via a drop-down bow ramp. Sixty-five of these
1025:, the Italian army general staff, had estimated the amount of sea transport it would require to move military forces into North Africa, and identified the seizure of Malta as a prerequisite. An outline plan for a seaborne assault was drawn up and periodically revised; the
1566:
with better performance; this set could detect surface ships at a range of 17 nmi (20 mi; 31 km) and aircraft out to a range of 45 nmi (83 km; 52 mi)). In September 1941, while awaiting production of Italian-made radar units in quantity, the
1159:
onto the southern side of the island. The paratroopers had to secure the high ground behind the invasion beaches and seize a nearby airfield for Axis transport aircraft to land another division and supplies. Airborne units for the invasion comprised the German
1519:
ability to dominate the daytime skies, but there were concerns the Italian fleet would face serious difficulties if the British attacked at night. Lacking ship-borne radar and having neglected night-fighting training and equipment, the
296:
1449:. It was formed from a series of joined modules that could be towed into place and act as a temporary jetty. Moored ships could then unload their cargo either directly onto the "roadway" or lower it down onto the
289:
1477:
had to protect the invasion convoys from attacks by the British Mediterranean Fleet and provide gunfire support during the landings. The force assigned to accomplish this included four battleships (
445:
4347:
1528:
in March 1941. A similar encounter off Malta might wreak havoc on the slow-moving Axis invasion convoys, leaving the airborne forces cut off and imperilling Axis chances of taking the island.
3700:
282:
5698:
3716:
5822:
3639:
3611:
2755:
4043:
1501:), four heavy cruisers, eight light cruisers and 21 destroyers. These ships would assemble and sortie from the ports of Messina, Reggio Calabria, Augusta and Cagliari. The two older
5842:
5677:
4356:
3177:
375:
2108:
Stumpf, R. "Part V, The War in the Mediterranean Area 1942–1943: Operations in North Africa and the Central Mediterranean. 2. The Battle of Malta (December 1941–21 May 1942)". In
4659:
4022:
3331:
2956:
306:
3672:
3618:
2804:
928:
4129:
3625:
3241:
2651:
988:. Through air and sea landings, the Italians and Germans hoped to eliminate Malta as a British air and naval base and secure an uninterrupted flow of supplies across the
4015:
3462:
3338:
340:
3315:
2695:
438:
3752:
3064:
1398:(a larger version of the Type 39, carrying 40 long tons (41 t) of cargo, three or four light vehicles or 80–90 fully equipped infantry), a company of eighty-one
5817:
3571:
2873:
5570:
4363:
4326:
4303:
3824:
2746:
2716:
1408:
outboard motors) plus an assortment of large inflatable rafts (carrying 25 troops each). Some rafts were powered by outboard motors and others had to be rowed.
1174:(10,500 men), about 29,000 airborne troops. Preparations for the airborne assault included construction of three glider strips 25 mi (40 km) south of
1117:
940:
4456:
3516:
4312:
4296:
4268:
4036:
2723:
1167:
5213:
4280:
4192:
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3381:
1330:
the follow-up convoy, though this was dependent on quickly securing Marsaxlokk Bay to land heavier artillery pieces and a much higher tonnage of supplies.
431:
1367:(MZs) were completed by July 1942 and about fifty were available for the invasion. Twenty German MFPs were transferred to the Mediterranean via the river
1186:
The seaborne assault force comprised 70,000 Italian troops who were to make amphibious landings at two points on the south-eastern side of the island, in
4185:
2917:
1338:
1125:
were equipped with braking (or "crane") parachutes. These shortened the aircraft's landing run and allowed for more precise placement near an objective.
4232:
5691:
4319:
2709:
2667:
5540:
1305:(landing craft) were modified with reinforced flooring and internal ramps to carry these vehicles. Other tanks in the unit included captured Russian
1171:
3359:
3133:
2896:
2762:
2573:
1251:
4435:
3269:
2769:
2681:
2617:
750:
2090:
4638:
4150:
3000:
2538:
543:
1259:
1255:
1200:
1196:
5234:
4666:
4412:
4287:
3373:
3204:
2910:
2827:
2430:
2411:
2389:
2370:
2351:
2329:
2289:
2234:
2211:
2188:
2166:
2147:
2128:
2063:
1151:
and the dropping zones over Malta, it was possible for the transport aircraft to make four round trips per day. The aircraft were to drop an
1106:
gliders capable of carrying up to 200 fully equipped paratroopers or a 25 long tons (25 t) tank. These were to be towed by new He 111Z (
149:
5467:
4874:
1342:
German MFPs like this one were transferred to the Mediterranean to supplement Italian-built landing craft intended for the invasion of Malta
4760:
3925:
3392:
3388:
3366:
2970:
330:
5382:
4846:
4178:
4164:
3377:
1703:
A date near mid-July 1942 was set for the invasion, partly to allow time to bring troops from other front line positions. Field Marshal
61:
5460:
4916:
3147:
2501:
2496:
1678:
5591:
5338:
4631:
4582:
4340:
3895:
2986:
2834:
2688:
1484:
1392:(carrying 20 long tons (20 t) of cargo, two light vehicles or 45 infantry, unloaded via clamshell doors at the bow), six Type 40
350:
3646:
1708:
lacked. He prioritised the attack to such an extent that he was willing to move units from his front for the attack. The head of the
5707:
4589:
4561:
4378:
3960:
3679:
2253:
2098:
320:
127:
4902:
1656:
weapons were all decommissioned), 130 smaller coastal guns (6-pounder to 9.2-inch) and 112 heavy and 144 light anti-aircraft guns.
1422:
to quickly transfer men from ship to shore. The Italian landing flotilla and the supporting ships formed the Special Naval Force (
5744:
5139:
4839:
4078:
3974:
3810:
3487:
2933:
2511:
2082:
1083:
Student claimed later that "We even knew the calibre of the coastal guns, and how many degrees they could be turned inland". Ten
108:
5098:
3870:
5268:
5109:
4934:
4693:
4652:
4545:
4483:
3140:
3009:
2977:
1640:
tanks and a Vickers Mk.VIC light tank, with the cruisers armed with 2-pounder (40 mm) guns (part of a detachment from the
1496:
803:
390:
355:
80:
5504:
5297:
4534:
3657:
5654:
5626:
3985:
3707:
3347:
3078:
2797:
2702:
2587:
1903:
847:
769:
65:
5598:
5529:
5354:
4568:
1531:
5714:
5647:
4860:
4811:
4575:
4171:
3932:
3723:
2776:
1629:
1502:
641:
479:
400:
380:
345:
87:
31:
5837:
5788:
5684:
5059:
5020:
3939:
3774:
3759:
3686:
3665:
3483:
3161:
2947:
2940:
2924:
2635:
2594:
2566:
1665:
836:
1672:
1512:
The Italians were confident they could defeat any daylight incursions by the Mediterranean Fleet, especially given the
1411:
The Italians assembled a collection of other naval craft to transport the amphibious forces. These included two former
5847:
5751:
5075:
5027:
4645:
4617:
4470:
4085:
4064:
3585:
3248:
2644:
1478:
1016:
608:
492:
455:
335:
5549:
4753:
3154:
370:
198:
1716:, opposed the invasion, fearing it would turn into another near-disaster for his paratroops, as had happened in the
94:
5045:
4964:
4909:
4797:
4403:
4029:
3953:
3855:
3732:
3604:
3597:
3557:
3530:
3262:
3195:
2862:
2790:
2601:
2531:
2226:
1161:
919:
795:
557:
498:
360:
1052:
54:
5451:
5368:
5153:
5013:
4985:
4818:
4723:
4513:
3946:
3020:
2674:
1490:
874:
816:
661:
649:
412:
385:
5190:
5167:
4419:
4220:
4213:
3877:
3537:
3509:
3502:
3225:
2889:
2447:
Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro (Jan–Feb 1993). "The Summer of '42: The Proposed Axis Invasion of Malta".
1801:
1072:
702:
76:
1007:, the pursuit of the Allies into Egypt – led to Herkules being postponed and then cancelled in November 1942.
5827:
5612:
5556:
5426:
5286:
4971:
4624:
4520:
4426:
3994:
3862:
3832:
3796:
3781:
3653:
3545:
3523:
3469:
3455:
3437:
3101:
2882:
2610:
2559:
1685:
1641:
1625:
1298:
857:
628:
522:
1558:(Owl) radar apparatus in August 1941, but the unit was considered unreliable (not until September 1942 did
1266:
Marines were to be in position to land on the smaller island of Gozo in the early hours of the second day.
995:
Extensive preparations were made for the invasion but the success of other Axis operations – including the
5832:
5304:
5197:
4999:
4950:
4853:
4746:
4716:
4499:
4387:
4113:
3904:
3495:
3476:
3446:
2993:
2963:
1692:
1652:
1604:
1525:
1258:(8,900 men), artillery units (3,200 men) and the remainder of the 10th Armoured Regiment (3,800 men). The
1213:
1004:
1000:
673:
601:
576:
325:
3967:
5795:
5518:
5361:
5257:
5227:
5183:
4923:
4888:
4881:
4804:
4702:
4143:
4120:
3578:
3115:
2855:
2841:
2524:
1297:), a German unit commanded by Hans Bethke and partly equipped with captured Russian tanks. Ten assorted
1192:
823:
763:
655:
3170:
1203:(9,850 men) of the Italian XXX Corps. Also included were 1,200 men from the 1st Assault Battalion and
5619:
5474:
5125:
5082:
5052:
4978:
4788:
4767:
3693:
2848:
2399:
1100:
1031:
initially showed little interest in it. The concept of an invasion was approved at a meeting between
755:
589:
509:
1099:
gliders (each carrying twenty-three men or a light vehicle/gun). Also to be included were two dozen
5737:
5511:
5389:
5345:
4867:
4001:
3767:
3294:
3124:
3108:
3057:
2079:
The Global War: Widening of the Conflict into a World War and the Shift of the Initiative 1941–1943
1416:
assorted motorboats (30–75 men each). The Italians also requested the use of 200 additional German
1156:
907:
902:
852:
811:
726:
620:
395:
5730:
5563:
5488:
5442:
5412:
5320:
5160:
4825:
4709:
4603:
4554:
4492:
4248:
4199:
4008:
3911:
3632:
3287:
3218:
3085:
1446:
790:
742:
718:
710:
679:
503:
5775:
1358:
1234:
101:
5721:
5605:
5495:
5435:
5396:
5329:
5311:
5277:
5220:
5174:
5118:
4943:
4681:
4673:
4610:
4463:
4057:
3589:
3234:
3211:
3050:
3029:
2739:
2478:
2452:
2426:
2407:
2385:
2366:
2347:
2325:
2304:
2285:
2249:
2230:
2207:
2184:
2162:
2143:
2124:
2094:
2059:
1724:
1713:
1412:
1282:
1231:(a commando unit of San Marco Marines specially trained in ocean swimming and beach assault).
1131:
1015:
The Axis plan to invade Malta had its origin in Italian military studies conducted during the
989:
892:
842:
695:
633:
596:
536:
405:
1374:
German-operated landing craft were sent to Italy via rail for the invasion, including twelve
5640:
5633:
5577:
5241:
5006:
4992:
4895:
4832:
4783:
4596:
4449:
4396:
4206:
4157:
4071:
3301:
3278:
2811:
2404:
Struggle for the Middle Sea: The Great Navies at War in the Mediterranean Theater, 1940–1945
1621:
1036:
996:
985:
973:
828:
687:
570:
156:
5663:
5375:
5290:
5248:
5146:
5089:
4957:
4739:
4730:
4259:
3841:
3817:
3413:
3071:
1717:
1648:
1274:
1270:
1222:
1079:
1021:
965:
862:
777:
734:
614:
549:
514:
365:
1445:(Sea Snake), a floating ship-to-shore bridge originally developed by the German Army for
1147:(30–34 men each). Given the 90 mi (140 km) distance between Axis airfields on
274:
5670:
5206:
5132:
3184:
3043:
2339:
2086:
1593:
1404:(Type 39 Stormboats, small plywood boats carrying up to six infantrymen and powered by
1111:
582:
472:
2278:
2089:; Crampton, P.; Willmott, L. (Eng. trans. Clarendon Press, Oxford ed.). Potsdam:
5811:
5481:
3406:
3255:
3094:
1637:
1617:
1250:
A follow-up convoy would be mainly made up of troops from the Italian XVI Corps: the
1088:
933:
887:
867:
528:
167:
5780:
5584:
3884:
3789:
3420:
2783:
2547:
1704:
1633:
1429:
1378:(catamaran rafts powered by automobile engines driving water screws and armed with
1375:
1352:
1091:
transports, with 500 aircraft, were allocated for the air landings, along with 300
1068:
1032:
1027:
897:
236:
2318:
5419:
5405:
5067:
3743:
3564:
3549:
2903:
2472:
2176:
2074:
1218:
43:
1734:
protect the invasion fleet from British naval attacks, the plan was cancelled.
4774:
4527:
4506:
3399:
2732:
2660:
1614:
1552:
1326:
1187:
1175:
423:
2482:
2474:
Axis and the Intended Invasion of Malta in 1942: A Combined Planning Endeavor
2456:
2308:
213:
200:
5037:
4442:
4239:
4050:
3848:
3803:
2820:
1547:
had made some efforts to rectify this situation by equipping the battleship
1514:
1318:
1310:
17:
3324:
27:
German code-name for plan for invasion of Malta during the Second World War
3308:
3036:
2477:(Thesis). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: School of Advanced Military Studies.
1462:
1314:
980:) was the German code-name given to an abortive plan for the invasion of
486:
1624:
light tanks, armed with two machine guns (part of detachments from the
1092:
2000:
3918:
1371:
to make up for an expected shortfall of Italian-built landing craft.
1148:
1135:
would contribute 180 to 220 transport aircraft, mostly three-engined
1096:
191:
2344:
Rommel's Desert War: Waging World War II in North Africa, 1941–1943
4106:
1904:"Esigenza C3 - The Italian Invasion of Malta - Tanks Encyclopedia"
1603:
1530:
1368:
1337:
1278:
1233:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1116:
1051:
981:
187:
251:
Secure an uninterrupted flow of supplies across the Mediterranean
1839:
1837:
1835:
1748:
1746:
1306:
2520:
2516:
1269:
Armoured support for the invasion comprised sixty-four Italian
427:
278:
37:
2384:(Large Print ed.). Leicester: Ulverscroft Large Print.
1509:
transport aircraft on their way to and from the drop zones.
1346:
Lacking enough landing craft for an amphibious assault, the
2246:
Invasion of England 1940: The Planning of Operation Sealion
1301:
and KV-2 heavy tanks were available. At least ten Italian
1078:. Student had commanded the German airborne assault in the
1465:
in the fall of 1941 and was easily transportable by rail.
1281:
tankettes (comparable in size and armament to the British
2506:
2512:
British Order of Battle on Malta – in both 1939 and 1942
2223:
The Western Front 1944: Memoirs of a Panzer Lehr Officer
1879:
1608:
A British Matilda II Infantry Tank on Malta in May 1942.
1246:
4 – Capture of Valletta and landing of additional troops
1763:
1761:
3178:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1262:(9,200 men) plus a battalion of Blackshirts and 1,000
1647:
Artillery support came from the 12th Field Regiment,
2109:
5539:
5267:
5108:
4933:
4692:
4544:
4482:
4386:
4377:
4258:
3984:
3894:
3742:
3445:
3436:
3194:
3019:
2872:
2634:
2627:
2073:Boog, H.; Rahn, W.; Stumpf, R.; Wegner, B. (2001).
1309:medium tanks, up-armoured German light tanks (five
265:
257:
242:
229:
182:
174:
142:
68:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2317:
2277:
1620:, armed with 2-pounder (40 mm) guns, and two
1242:2 – Second airborne landing and seaborne landings
2181:British & American Artillery of World War Two
1632:). These were reinforced in January 1942 by four
1596:had submitted a report praising its performance.
951:¹ — Involved an Allied convoy or delivery mission
2121:Operation C3: Hitler's Plan to Invade Malta 1942
2001:"The place of Malta in British strategic Policy"
1987:
1975:
1963:
1927:
1855:
1843:
1826:
1752:
1668:, on Mounting, 6 in (150 mm) Mk 5 or 6
5823:Cancelled military operations involving Germany
2303:. Roma: Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare.
1095:gliders (carrying ten men each) and 200 larger
953:² — Involved an Axis convoy or delivery mission
248:Eliminate Malta as a British air and naval base
2363:The War Against Rommel's Supply Lines, 1942–43
5843:Cancelled military operations of World War II
2532:
2157:Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro (1998).
1461:had been tested by the Army Training Unit at
1423:
1226:
439:
290:
8:
2159:The Naval War in the Mediterranean 1940–1943
2123:. Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Books Ltd.
1728:
1456:
1450:
1440:
1417:
1399:
1393:
1387:
2206:]. Storia militare. Parma: Albertelli.
2093:(Research Institute for Military History).
1056:Italian bombing of the Grand Harbour, Malta
4383:
3442:
2631:
2539:
2525:
2517:
1562:receive a standardised production-version
1121:German DFS 230 assault gliders slated for
446:
432:
424:
297:
283:
275:
139:
2085:. Vol. VI. Translated by Osers, E.;
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
2451:(20). Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books.
1217:Marines (2,000 men) three battalions of
1742:
4364:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2365:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
2346:. London: Cambridge University Press.
2037:
1951:
1939:
1890:
1767:
5818:Mediterranean theatre of World War II
5235:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
4667:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
4313:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4269:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3374:Rape during the occupation of Germany
1867:
1779:
1168:185th Paratroopers Division "Folgore"
1060:Command of the airborne component of
308:Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre
150:Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre
7:
4357:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3389:Rape during the liberation of France
2091:Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt
2025:
66:adding citations to reliable sources
1291:2.Kompanie/Panzerabteilung z.b.V.66
992:to Axis forces in Libya and Egypt.
190:, 80 km (50 mi) south of
4583:German invasion of the Netherlands
2863:Weather events during World War II
2183:(rev. ed.). Greenhill Books.
1666:BL 6 in (150 mm) Mk XXIV
1659:The smaller coastal guns comprised
1435:Specialised landing equipment for
1285:). Additional armour intended for
1172:80th Infantry Division "La Spezia"
25:
5214:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
2382:Malta: The Thorn in Rommel's Side
1252:26th Infantry Division "Assietta"
5774:
2423:The Italian Navy in World War II
2083:Germany and the Second World War
1277:self-propelled guns plus thirty
166:
42:
2334:– via Archive Foundation.
2294:– via Archive Foundation.
1260:1st Infantry Division "Superga"
1256:54th Infantry Division "Napoli"
1207:Battalion (both drawn from the
1201:4th Infantry Division "Livorno"
1197:20th Infantry Division "Friuli"
1170:(7,500 men) and the airlanding
1110:) five-engined versions of the
53:needs additional citations for
5461:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
3171:Territorial changes of Germany
3079:Indonesian National Revolution
1802:"Could Royal Navy save Malta?"
1350:secured plans from the German
999:(26 May to 21 June 1942), the
1:
4861:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4812:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4576:German invasion of Luxembourg
2957:Mediterranean and Middle East
32:Siege of Malta (World War II)
4768:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4457:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3775:Independent State of Croatia
2421:Sadkovich, James J. (1994).
2140:Warplanes of the Third Reich
1988:Greene & Massignani 1998
1976:Greene & Massignani 1998
1964:Greene & Massignani 1998
1928:Greene & Massignani 1998
1856:Greene & Massignani 1998
1844:Greene & Massignani 1998
1827:Greene & Massignani 1998
1753:Greene & Massignani 1998
1679:QF 4.5 in (110 mm)
1673:BL 9.2 in (230 mm)
1583:unit for the new destroyer,
1240:1 – First airborne landings
5752:End of World War II in Asia
5592:Western invasion of Germany
5099:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
5076:Second Battle of El Alamein
4646:Hundred Regiments Offensive
4618:Battle of the Mediterranean
4471:Italian invasion of Albania
2645:Air warfare of World War II
1681:gun Mk II, on Mounting Mk I
1139:(carrying 24–28 men each),
1043:Axis plans and preparations
1019:in the mid-1930s. By 1938,
1017:Second Italo-Abyssinian War
457:Battle of the Mediterranean
5864:
5678:Naval bombardment of Japan
5046:First Battle of El Alamein
4965:Battle of Christmas Island
4910:Japanese invasion of Burma
4674:Italian invasion of Greece
4590:German invasion of Belgium
4562:German invasion of Denmark
4535:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
4404:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2668:Comparative military ranks
2299:Gabriele, Mariano (1965).
2227:J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing
1675:gun Mk X, on Mounting Mk 7
1630:3rd The King's Own Hussars
1166:(11,000 men), the Italian
1039:from 29 to 30 April 1942.
269:Cancelled in November 1942
29:
5767:
5599:Bratislava–Brno offensive
5530:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
5154:Allied invasion of Sicily
5014:Aleutian Islands campaign
4986:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
4924:Greek famine of 1941–1944
4819:Second Battle of Changsha
4724:German invasion of Greece
4569:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
2911:North and Central Pacific
2554:
2406:. Naval Institute Press.
2284:. Duke University Press.
2280:Hitler and the Middle Sea
2248:. Conway Maritime Press.
2056:The Luftwaffe War Diaries
2005:University College London
1718:airborne assault on Crete
1535:Italian battleship Roma (
1524:had been defeated at the
1295:zur besonderen Verwendung
949:
465:
316:
261:Planned for mid-July 1942
165:
147:
5191:Allied invasion of Italy
5168:Solomon Islands campaign
4917:Third Battle of Changsha
4514:First Battle of Changsha
4420:Second Sino-Japanese War
3360:German military brothels
3226:United States war crimes
2361:Levine, Alan J. (2008).
1386:flak guns), six Type 39
5613:Second Guangxi campaign
5468:Philippines (1944–1945)
4972:Battle of the Coral Sea
4875:Fall of the Philippines
4521:Battle of South Guangxi
4427:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3833:Italian Social Republic
2502:Operations List (Malta)
2316:Heckmann, Wolf (1981).
2221:Ritgen, Helmut (1995).
2198:Marcon, Tullio (1998).
2142:. New York: Doubleday.
2138:Green, William (1979).
1966:, pp. 71, 209–213.
1686:QF 6 pounder 10 cwt gun
1642:6th Royal Tank Regiment
1626:7th Royal Tank Regiment
1356:to build copies of the
1238:Operation Herkules Plan
5198:Armistice of Cassibile
5000:Battle of Dutch Harbor
4951:Battle of the Java Sea
4854:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4754:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4747:Battle of South Shanxi
4717:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4500:Battle of the Atlantic
4114:Korean Liberation Army
3827:(until September 1943)
3784:(until September 1944)
3762:(until September 1944)
2471:Vivarelli, A. (2014).
2380:Lucas, Laddie (1994).
2320:Rommel's War in Africa
2276:Ansel, Walter (1972).
2244:Schenk, Peter (1990).
2161:. Chatham Publishing.
2054:Bekker, Cajus (1975).
1729:
1693:Ordnance QF 18 pounder
1609:
1587:(under construction).
1540:
1526:Battle of Cape Matapan
1457:
1455:via their cranes. The
1451:
1441:
1424:
1418:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1343:
1247:
1227:
1155:and a German airborne
1126:
1057:
1001:Axis capture of Tobruk
977:
969:
5362:Second Battle of Guam
5258:Bengal famine of 1943
5228:Second Battle of Kiev
5184:Battle of the Dnieper
4889:Battle of Wake Island
4761:East African campaign
4703:Battle of South Henan
4348:atrocities by Germans
4121:Korean Volunteer Army
3102:Occupation of Germany
2856:Music in World War II
1607:
1551:with an experimental
1534:
1425:Forza Navale Speciale
1341:
1317:) plus twelve German
1237:
1199:(10,000 men) and the
1143:(12–14 men each) and
1120:
1055:
5648:Surrender of Germany
5126:Battle of West Hubei
5083:Guadalcanal campaign
5053:Battle of Stalingrad
4979:Battle of Madagascar
3753:Albania protectorate
3540:(formerly Swaziland)
3249:Wehrmacht war crimes
3065:Expulsion of Germans
2849:Art and World War II
2747:British contribution
2696:Governments in exile
2301:Operazione C3: Malta
2119:Burtt, John (2023).
2058:. Ballantine Books.
1730:Unternehmen Herkules
1727:tirelessly promoted
1722:Generalfeldmarschall
1395:Pionierlandungsboote
1389:Pionierlandungsboote
1325:guns. Twenty German
1211:) two battalions of
1101:Messerschmitt Me 321
970:Unternehmen Herkules
77:"Operation Herkules"
62:improve this article
5838:Cancelled invasions
5738:Potsdam Declaration
5627:Italy (Spring 1945)
5390:Liberation of Paris
4847:Siege of Sevastopol
3865:(until August 1944)
3768:Wang Jingwei regime
3590:from September 1943
3550:from September 1944
3488:from September 1944
3348:Romanian war crimes
3339:Persecution of Jews
3325:Croatian war crimes
3295:Japanese war crimes
3109:Occupation of Japan
3058:First Indochina War
2770:Military production
2682:Declarations of war
2425:. Greenwood Press.
2040:, pp. 656–660.
1978:, pp. 209–213.
1942:, pp. 221–224.
1571:requested from the
1221:(1,900 men General
848:Strait of Bonifacio
210: /
5848:Invasions of Malta
5731:Surrender of Japan
5564:Battle of Iwo Jima
5413:Belgrade offensive
4826:Siege of Leningrad
4710:Battle of Shanggao
4639:British Somaliland
4604:Dunkirk evacuation
4555:Norwegian campaign
4493:Invasion of Poland
4320:Japanese prisoners
3288:Italian war crimes
3219:British war crimes
3134:Soviet occupations
2918:South-West Pacific
2805:Allied cooperation
2763:Military equipment
2497:Merlins Over Malta
2400:O'Hara, Vincent P.
2110:Boog et al. (2001)
1610:
1541:
1506:-class battleships
1447:Operation Sea Lion
1344:
1273:and eight heavier
1248:
1127:
1058:
962:Operation Herkules
143:Operation Herkules
5805:
5804:
5763:
5762:
5606:Battle of Okinawa
5505:Burma (1944–1945)
5339:Mariana and Palau
5119:Tunisian campaign
4944:Fall of Singapore
4868:Fall of Hong Kong
4611:Battle of Britain
4464:Operation Himmler
4373:
4372:
4037:Dutch East Indies
3680:Southern Rhodesia
3432:
3431:
3332:Genocide of Serbs
3235:German war crimes
3212:Soviet war crimes
3205:Allied war crimes
3051:Division of Korea
3030:Chinese Civil War
2828:Strategic bombing
2740:Manhattan Project
2432:978-0-313-28797-8
2413:978-1-59114-648-3
2391:978-0-7089-3169-1
2372:978-0-8117-3458-5
2353:978-0-521-50971-8
2331:978-0-385-14420-9
2291:978-0-8223-0224-7
2236:978-0-921991-28-1
2213:978-88-87372-02-1
2190:978-1-85367-478-5
2168:978-1-86176-057-9
2149:978-0-356-02382-3
2130:978-1-39906-576-4
2065:978-0-306-80604-9
1908:Tank Encyclopedia
1806:groups.google.com
1725:Albert Kesselring
1651:with twenty-four
1413:Strait of Messina
1254:(9,000 men), the
1209:Regia Aeronautica
1182:Amphibious forces
1163:Fliegerdivision 7
1132:Regia Aeronautica
990:Mediterranean Sea
958:
957:
421:
420:
336:Mediterranean Sea
273:
272:
214:35.883°N 14.500°E
138:
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5781:World portal
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5007:Battle of Midway
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4993:Battle of Gazala
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4840:Bombing of Gorky
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4833:Battle of Moscow
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1037:Benito Mussolini
997:Battle of Gazala
986:Second World War
558:Cape Spartivento
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3176:
3169:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3123:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3084:
3077:
3072:Greek Civil War
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3015:
3008:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2897:South-East Asia
2895:
2888:
2881:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2756:Military awards
2754:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2650:
2643:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2581:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2550:
2545:
2493:
2470:
2446:
2433:
2420:
2414:
2398:
2392:
2379:
2373:
2360:
2354:
2340:Kitchen, Martin
2338:
2332:
2315:
2298:
2292:
2275:
2267:
2265:Further reading
2262:
2256:
2243:
2237:
2220:
2214:
2200:I Muli del Mare
2197:
2191:
2175:
2169:
2156:
2150:
2137:
2131:
2118:
2107:
2101:
2072:
2066:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1842:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1766:
1759:
1751:
1744:
1740:
1701:
1660:
1649:Royal Artillery
1602:
1486:Vittorio Veneto
1471:
1405:
1383:
1379:
1359:Marinefährprahm
1336:
1322:
1275:Semovente 75/18
1271:Semovente 47/32
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1223:Santi Quasimodo
1184:
1114:medium bomber.
1080:Battle of Crete
1050:
1048:Airborne forces
1045:
1022:Comando Supremo
1013:
1003:on 21 June and
959:
954:
952:
945:
941:U-boat Campaign
925:
461:
456:
454:
452:
422:
417:
413:Alpes-Maritimes
312:
307:
305:
303:
230:Planned by
218:
216:
212:
209:
204:
201:
199:
197:
196:
195:
194:
161:
134:
123:
117:
114:
71:
69:
59:
47:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5861:
5859:
5851:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5828:1942 in Europe
5825:
5820:
5810:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5711:
5708:South Sakhalin
5704:
5703:
5702:
5688:
5681:
5674:
5667:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5644:
5637:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5545:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5508:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5448:
5439:
5432:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5342:
5335:
5326:
5317:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5283:
5273:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5245:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5187:
5180:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5133:Battle of Attu
5129:
5122:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5095:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5024:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4882:Battle of Guam
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4805:Battle of Kiev
4801:
4794:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4698:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4488:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4423:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4392:
4390:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4344:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4316:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4304:United Kingdom
4300:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4272:
4264:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4236:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3990:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3900:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3708:British Empire
3701:United Kingdom
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3542:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3517:Czechoslovakia
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3451:
3449:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3417:
3414:Rape of Manila
3410:
3403:
3396:
3385:
3370:
3363:
3351:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3291:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3252:
3245:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3185:United Nations
3181:
3174:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3130:
3121:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3044:Decolonization
3040:
3033:
3025:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2990:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2736:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2717:United Kingdom
2713:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2640:
2638:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2563:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2492:
2491:External links
2489:
2488:
2487:
2462:
2461:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2418:
2412:
2396:
2390:
2377:
2371:
2358:
2352:
2336:
2330:
2313:
2296:
2290:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2254:
2241:
2235:
2218:
2212:
2195:
2189:
2173:
2167:
2154:
2148:
2135:
2129:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2099:
2070:
2064:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2030:
2018:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1954:, p. 139.
1944:
1932:
1920:
1895:
1883:
1872:
1870:, p. 113.
1860:
1848:
1831:
1819:
1784:
1782:, p. 648.
1772:
1770:, p. 352.
1757:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1714:Hermann Göring
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1622:Vickers Mk.VIC
1618:Infantry Tanks
1601:
1598:
1594:Angelo Iachino
1470:
1467:
1376:Siebel ferries
1335:
1332:
1321:Gs armed with
1193:Victoria Lines
1183:
1180:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1012:
1009:
1005:Operation Aïda
956:
955:
950:
947:
946:
944:
943:
938:
937:
936:
929:Allied convoys
924:
923:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
879:
878:
875:Cape Bougaroun
872:
871:
870:
865:
860:
850:
845:
840:
837:Messina convoy
834:
826:
821:
814:
809:
801:
793:
782:
781:
775:
767:
761:
753:
748:
740:
731:
724:
716:
708:
700:
693:
685:
677:
665:
664:
659:
653:
647:
639:
631:
626:
618:
612:
606:
599:
594:
587:
580:
574:
562:
561:
555:
547:
541:
534:
526:
520:
512:
507:
501:
496:
490:
484:
477:
466:
463:
462:
453:
451:
450:
443:
436:
428:
419:
418:
416:
415:
410:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
317:
314:
313:
304:
302:
301:
294:
287:
279:
271:
270:
267:
263:
262:
259:
255:
254:
253:
252:
249:
244:
240:
239:
231:
227:
226:
219:35.883; 14.500
186:
184:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
163:
162:
160:
159:
152:
145:
144:
136:
135:
50:
48:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5860:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5833:1942 in Malta
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5797:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:Kuril Islands
5712:
5709:
5705:
5700:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5682:
5679:
5675:
5672:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5531:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5482:Syrmian Front
5479:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5428:Market Garden
5424:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5287:Monte Cassino
5284:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5259:
5255:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5116:
5115:
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5107:
5100:
5096:
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5047:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4876:
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4865:
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4851:
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4714:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4653:Baltic states
4650:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4570:
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4515:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
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4485:
4481:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4451:
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4444:
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4437:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4417:
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4414:
4410:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4297:United States
4294:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4233:Quốc dân Đảng
4230:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4118:
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3933:Liechtenstein
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3408:
3407:Comfort women
3404:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3391: /
3390:
3386:
3383:
3380: /
3379:
3376: /
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:Camp brothels
3364:
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3292:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:The Holocaust
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:forced labour
3239:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3209:
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3128:
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3118:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3095:Marshall Plan
3092:
3089:
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3080:
3076:
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2979:
2975:
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2961:
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2954:
2949:
2948:Eastern Front
2945:
2942:
2941:Western Front
2938:
2937:
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2922:
2919:
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2839:
2836:
2835:Puppet states
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2792:
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2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:Naval history
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2734:
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2724:United States
2721:
2718:
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2700:
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2374:
2368:
2364:
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2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:. Doubleday.
2322:
2321:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2255:0-85177-548-9
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2204:The Sea Mules
2201:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2100:0-19-822888-0
2096:
2092:
2088:
2087:Brownjohn, J.
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2028:, p. 64.
2027:
2022:
2019:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1990:, p. 68.
1989:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1930:, p. 71.
1929:
1924:
1921:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1858:, p. 66.
1857:
1852:
1849:
1846:, p. 70.
1845:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1829:, p. 67.
1828:
1823:
1820:
1807:
1803:
1797:
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1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1755:, p. 64.
1754:
1749:
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1654:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1638:Cruiser Mk IV
1635:
1631:
1627:
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1619:
1616:
1606:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1586:
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1468:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1439:included the
1438:
1433:
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1396:
1390:
1377:
1372:
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1360:
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1354:
1349:
1340:
1334:Landing craft
1333:
1331:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
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1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1244:3 – Breakout
1236:
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1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
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1119:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:Junkers Ju 52
1086:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1064:was given to
1063:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:Operazione C3
975:
971:
967:
963:
948:
942:
939:
935:
934:Malta convoys
932:
931:
930:
927:
926:
921:
918:
917:
916:
915:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
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669:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
644:
640:
637:
636:
632:
630:
629:Grand Harbour
627:
624:
623:
619:
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613:
610:
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531:
527:
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521:
518:
517:
513:
511:
508:
505:
502:
500:
499:Mers-el-Kébir
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
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482:
478:
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469:
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459:
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404:
402:
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392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
371:Syria–Lebanon
369:
367:
364:
362:
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357:
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352:
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347:
344:
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339:
337:
334:
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132:
129:
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110:
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100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
79: –
78:
74:
73:Find sources:
67:
63:
57:
56:
51:This article
49:
45:
40:
39:
36:
33:
19:
5789:Bibliography
5772:
5585:Project Hula
5550:Vistula–Oder
5519:
5452:
5443:
5427:
5397:
5346:
5330:
5321:
5312:
5278:
5175:
5090:
5066:
5036:
4787:
4680:
4625:North Africa
4327:Soviet Union
4281:Soviet Union
4207:Soviet Union
3975:Vatican City
3885:Vichy France
3790:German Reich
3687:Soviet Union
3673:South Africa
3666:Sierra Leone
3619:Newfoundland
3438:Participants
3421:Marocchinate
3125:
3116:
3086:
2964:North Africa
2925:Indian Ocean
2784:Nazi plunder
2675:Cryptography
2548:World War II
2473:
2464:
2463:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2422:
2403:
2381:
2362:
2343:
2319:
2300:
2279:
2269:
2268:
2245:
2222:
2203:
2199:
2180:
2158:
2139:
2120:
2078:
2055:
2047:Bibliography
2033:
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
2004:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1912:. Retrieved
1910:. 2019-03-26
1907:
1898:
1893:, p. 7.
1886:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1805:
1775:
1721:
1709:
1705:Erwin Rommel
1702:
1658:
1646:
1634:Cruiser Mk I
1611:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1573:Kriegsmarine
1572:
1569:Regia Marina
1568:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1545:Regia Marina
1544:
1542:
1537:Regia Marina
1536:
1522:Regia Marina
1521:
1513:
1511:
1504:Andrea Doria
1503:
1498:Andrea Doria
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1475:Regia Marina
1474:
1472:
1469:Naval escort
1436:
1434:
1430:Vittorio Tur
1410:
1373:
1364:
1357:
1353:Kriegsmarine
1351:
1348:Regia Marina
1347:
1345:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1268:
1263:
1249:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1185:
1162:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1107:
1103:
1084:
1074:Fliegerkorps
1073:
1069:Kurt Student
1066:Generalmajor
1065:
1061:
1059:
1033:Adolf Hitler
1028:Regia Marina
1026:
1020:
1014:
994:
984:during the
961:
960:
920:Ligurian Sea
913:
912:
881:
880:
829:
817:
804:
796:
784:
783:
770:
756:
743:
735:
733:
727:
719:
711:
703:
696:
688:
680:
667:
666:
642:
634:
621:
602:
590:
583:
577:Convoy AN 14
564:
563:
550:
537:
529:
523:Cape Passero
515:
480:
473:
467:
406:
326:North Africa
237:Kurt Student
234:Generalmajor
233:
124:
118:October 2009
115:
105:
98:
91:
84:
72:
60:Please help
55:verification
52:
35:
18:Operation C3
5520:Bodenplatte
5406:Gothic Line
4632:West Africa
4179:Philippines
4158:Netherlands
4023:Czech lands
3961:Switzerland
3905:Afghanistan
3856:Philippines
3724:Puerto Rico
3640:Philippines
3626:New Zealand
3612:Netherlands
3565:Free France
3316:Prosecution
3117:Osoaviakhim
2987:West Africa
2971:East Africa
2618:Conferences
2507:Beutepanzer
2038:Stumpf 2001
1952:Schenk 1990
1940:Marcon 1998
1891:Ritgen 1995
1768:Bekker 1975
1553:E.C.-3/bis
1458:Seeschlange
1452:Seeschlange
1442:Seeschlange
1365:motozattere
1303:motozattere
1219:Blackshirts
1178:on Sicily.
812:Pantelleria
331:East Africa
217: /
5812:Categories
5620:West Hunan
5453:Pointblank
4789:Silver Fox
4775:Summer War
4528:Winter War
4507:Phoney War
4288:Azerbaijan
4249:Yugoslavia
4144:Luxembourg
3986:Resistance
3733:Yugoslavia
3598:Luxembourg
3400:Sook Ching
3196:War crimes
2798:Technology
2791:Opposition
2733:Lend-Lease
2710:Australian
2703:Home front
2661:Blitzkrieg
2611:Casualties
2602:Commanders
2574:Operations
1914:2022-04-24
1868:Burtt 2023
1780:Green 1979
1738:References
1653:25-pounder
1636:and three
1615:Matilda II
1585:Legionario
1419:Sturmboote
1401:Sturmboote
1327:Panzer III
1225:) and 300
1188:Marsaxlokk
1176:Mount Etna
853:Dodecanese
805:Campobasso
757:Portcullis
662:Alexandria
591:Abstention
510:Cape Spada
396:Dodecanese
361:Yugoslavia
88:newspapers
30:See also:
5685:Manchuria
5571:Indochina
5347:Bagration
4798:Lithuania
4443:Anschluss
4240:Viet Minh
4137:Lithuania
4079:Hong Kong
3849:Manchukuo
3804:Azad Hind
3463:Australia
3263:Aftermath
3126:Paperclip
3021:Aftermath
2821:Total war
2689:Diplomacy
2652:In Europe
2483:893913565
2457:0198-7313
2309:560391306
2177:Hogg, Ian
2075:Osers, E.
2026:Hogg 2002
1812:12 August
1710:Luftwaffe
1699:Aftermath
1515:Luftwaffe
1319:Panzer IV
1313:and five
1289:included
1264:San Marco
1228:Nuotatori
1214:San Marco
908:La Ciotat
903:Port Cros
893:Santorini
728:Agreement
674:2nd Sirte
656:1st Sirte
622:Substance
597:Souda Bay
376:Palestine
341:Gibraltar
243:Objective
5796:Category
5745:document
5655:document
5512:Ardennes
5496:Budapest
5444:Crossbow
5322:Overlord
5161:Smolensk
4379:Timeline
4214:Slovakia
4200:Thailand
4051:Ethiopia
4016:Bulgaria
3940:Portugal
3878:Thailand
3760:Bulgaria
3538:Eswatini
3531:Ethiopia
3484:Bulgaria
3309:Unit 731
3270:Response
3087:Keelhaul
3037:Cold War
3010:Americas
3001:timeline
2994:Atlantic
2874:Theaters
2441:Journals
2402:(2009).
2342:(2009).
2179:(2002).
1628:and the
1560:Littorio
1549:Littorio
1480:Littorio
1463:Le Havre
1437:Herkules
1428:Admiral
1315:VK 1801s
1311:VK 1601s
1287:Herkules
1157:division
1123:Herkules
1108:Zwilling
1062:Herkules
744:Stoneage
720:Pedestal
712:Vigorous
681:Calendar
643:Duisburg
554: ¹
504:Calabria
487:Club Run
321:Adriatic
183:Location
178:Invasion
148:Part of
5722:Shumshu
5489:Hungary
5436:Estonia
5420:Lapland
5398:Dragoon
5331:Neptune
5313:Ichi-Go
5279:Tempest
5221:Changde
5176:Cottage
5068:Jubilee
4784:Finland
4682:Compass
4388:Prelude
4341:Finland
4227:Vietnam
4193:Romania
4065:Germany
4044:Estonia
4030:Denmark
4009:Belgium
4002:Austria
3995:Albania
3926:Ireland
3912:Andorra
3896:Neutral
3863:Romania
3797:Hungary
3782:Finland
3654:Romania
3546:Finland
3524:Denmark
3470:Belgium
3456:Algeria
3162:Romania
3148:Hungary
2904:Pacific
2628:General
2582:Leaders
2567:Battles
2560:Outline
2077:(ed.).
1688:(9 × 2)
1539:, 1940)
1153:Italian
1093:DFS 230
1085:Gruppen
1011:Origins
974:Italian
791:Zuwarah
778:Algiers
771:Olterra
704:Harpoon
697:Albumen
635:Halberd
603:Matapan
544:Otranto
538:Taranto
407:Dragoon
401:Corsica
356:Balkans
351:Bahrain
266:Outcome
205:14°30′E
202:35°53′N
155:of the
102:scholar
5699:Debate
5671:Taipei
5664:Borneo
5242:Tarawa
4436:Europe
4397:Africa
4186:Poland
4172:Norway
4151:Malaya
4130:Latvia
4072:Greece
4058:France
3954:Sweden
3919:Bhutan
3647:Poland
3633:Norway
3605:Mexico
3572:Greece
3558:France
3496:Canada
3477:Brazil
3447:Allies
3393:Serbia
3382:Poland
3155:Poland
3141:Baltic
2934:Europe
2636:Topics
2588:Allied
2481:
2465:Theses
2455:
2429:
2410:
2388:
2369:
2350:
2328:
2307:
2288:
2252:
2233:
2210:
2187:
2165:
2146:
2127:
2097:
2062:
2011:21 May
2007:. 2002
1808:. 2013
1691:~30 ×
1581:G DeTe
1579:24/40
1495:, and
1492:Duilio
1205:Loreto
1149:Sicily
1145:SM.82s
1141:SM.81s
1137:SM.75s
1112:He 111
1104:Gigant
1097:Go 242
966:German
858:Rhodes
843:Bastia
830:Scylla
818:Sicily
764:Skerki
751:Toulon
689:Bowery
609:Tarigo
571:Excess
493:Espero
386:Sicily
192:Sicily
104:
97:
90:
83:
75:
5475:Leyte
5305:Narva
5291:Anzio
5249:Makin
5207:Burma
5091:Torch
5060:Rzhev
5021:Kiska
4107:Korea
4093:Japan
4086:Italy
3968:Tibet
3947:Spain
3825:Italy
3586:Italy
3579:India
3503:China
3378:Japan
2978:Italy
2890:China
2842:Women
2270:Books
2202:[
1684:18 ×
1664:10 ×
1384:20 mm
1380:88 mm
1369:Rhone
1323:75 mm
982:Malta
863:Leros
797:Cigno
736:Torch
615:Crete
584:Genoa
551:White
516:Hurry
481:Malta
346:Malta
188:Malta
109:JSTOR
95:books
5541:1945
5269:1944
5110:1943
5038:Blue
5028:Attu
4935:1942
4694:1941
4546:1940
4484:1939
4413:Asia
4260:POWs
4100:Jews
3818:Iraq
3744:Axis
3694:Tuva
3510:Cuba
2595:Axis
2479:OCLC
2453:ISSN
2427:ISBN
2408:ISBN
2386:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2348:ISBN
2326:ISBN
2305:OCLC
2286:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2231:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2163:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2125:ISBN
2095:ISBN
2060:ISBN
2013:2017
1814:2013
1671:7 ×
1589:DeTe
1577:FuMO
1564:Gufo
1555:Gufo
1543:The
1473:The
1382:and
1307:T-34
1299:KV-1
1129:The
1071:and
1035:and
914:1945
898:Symi
882:1944
824:Gela
785:1943
668:1942
565:1941
474:Vado
468:1940
381:Iran
366:Iraq
258:Date
175:Type
81:news
1880:Ref
1644:).
1432:).
1087:of
888:Ist
868:Kos
650:Bon
530:MB8
64:by
5814::
5289:/
2229:.
2225:.
2081:.
2003:.
1906:.
1834:^
1804:.
1787:^
1760:^
1745:^
1720:.
1712:,
1575:a
1517:'s
1489:,
1483:,
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1279:L3
1076:XI
976::
972:;
968::
658:¹²
506:¹²
495:¹²
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3656:(
3592:)
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2459:.
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2375:.
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2258:.
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2152:.
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2103:.
2068:.
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676:¹
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