1790:, killing the general and his entire staff. Iraq attempted to launch a clumsy amphibious attack against the rear of the Iranians, which cost them several more battalions. Iraq had taken such massive losses that they were forced to resort to ordering citizens to donate blood, trying to recruit foreign staff and tourists in hotels, and using city taxis to transport the dead and wounded to morgues and hospitals in Iraq. Facing heavy air losses against the Iranians over Faw, the Iraqi Air Force launched bombing attacks on Iranian civilian and industrial targets as a form of counterattack (see
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1759:.:242 The Iraqis desperately launched head on attacks against the Iranians, who were well armed with anti-tank weapons and made short work of the attackers. The Iraqis were forced to stick to the main roads and rely on their armor for firepower, and even in dryer areas were unable to maneuver. Often, the tanks and infantry failed to cooperate, and the tanks attacked without infantry support, taking massive losses. Iraq's infantry also took heavy losses against the more experienced Iranian infantrymen, who were experienced in
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1885:, the latter of which hosted Iraqi troops. If successful, early warning radar sites on the platform would be destroyed. Iranian amphibious commandos and Revolutionary Guards landed on the first platform (al-Amayeh), defeating the Iraqi troops while Iranian artillery destroyed the second (al-Bakr). Iraq then launched air attacks and drove the Iranians off the al-Amayeh platform.
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237:
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1550:, while the southern forces launched an armored attack against the enemy. Both attacks were stopped with heavy Iraqi firepower, and the Iranians suffered 4,000 casualties. However, the Iraqis became convinced that this was the main point of attack, and diverted their forces to that sector; this is now recognised as a
1530:), in which 100,000 troops comprising five Army divisions and 50,000 men from the Revolutionary Guards and the Basij paramilitary advanced in a two-pronged offensive into southern Iraq. Unlike the earlier offensives, Dawn 8 was planned entirely by professional Army officers, all of whom were former officers of the
1300:
The operation was planned by Iran's army chief of staff and the
Iranian defense minister. It was planned entirely by professional military officers, but the battlefield commanders were a mix of regular army and Revolutionary Guards officers. The Iraqis were taken by surprise, as they had not expected
1735:
consisted of Iraq's V Corps, with two mechanized divisions. Nevertheless, even the elite of Iraqi troops, while fighting ferociously, used poor tactics and relied on trying to evict the
Iranians through sheer brute force. Iraq fired over 600 rounds of ammunition and launched 200 sorties of aircraft
1276:
across the rivers and wetlands to allow heavy troops and supplies to cross. Transport helicopters were used as well, ferrying troops to the battlefield. Iran largely focused on infiltrating through areas that were difficult for Iraqi armour, air power, and artillery to be used, such as valleys, the
1566:
achieved significant tactical and operational surprise, allowing the
Iranian forces to initially gain a quick victory over forces of the Iraqi Popular Army in the area. Considered a turning point in the war, unlike the tactics of human wave assaults used elsewhere at the front, the operation was a
1860:
The fall of al-Faw and the failure of the Iraqi counter-offensives were huge blows to the prestige of the Ba'ath regime, and led to fears all over the persian Gulf that Iran might win the war. In particular, Kuwait felt menaced with
Iranian troops only ten miles away, and increased its support of
1700:
moved to attack the
Iranians at Faw. But soon the Iraqi leadership realized the deception and began to plan accordingly. On 13–14 February, the Iraqis organized a hastily planned counterattack. But it was largely a mechanized counterattack with little light infantry, in an area with thick mud and
1661:
Initial attempts by Iraq to dislodge the
Iranian troops made little impression due to lack of coordination, but cost Iraq 20-25 aircraft lost. Iran's successive operations toward Umm-al-Qasr, which had been undertaken with the intention to cut off Iraq's access to the Persian Gulf, were contained
1888:
The occupation of al-Faw placed the city Basra at risk of being attacked, rumors of a final
Iranian offensive against Basra proliferated. To help defend itself, Iraq had built impressive fortifications and Iraq devoted particular attention to the southern city of Basra. It built concrete-roofed
1689:
to begin a new offensive to re-capture the Faw on 24 February 1986. A new round of intensive fighting took place, centered on a three-pronged counterattack. The Iraqi offensives were supported by helicopter gunships, hundreds of tanks and a huge bombing offensive by the Iraqi Air Force. Despite
1570:
The
Iranians launched their assault on the peninsula at night, their men arriving on rubber boats. Iranian Navy SEALs spearheaded the offensive despite a shortage of gear. Prior to this action Iranian Naval Commandos performed reconnaissance of the Faw peninsula. The Iranian SEALs penetrated an
1613:
and air bombardment. The
Iranians were well supported by artillery and air power during this attack. Iranian forces drove north along the peninsula almost unopposed, capturing it after only 24 hours of fighting. :240The resistance, consisting of several thousand poorly trained soldiers of the
1645:
onto the peninsula. To avoid detection by
American satellites and Iraqi warplanes, the components of the bridges were welded together underwater during the night. Oxygen tanks were then strapped to the sides of the bridge, causing it to rise to the surface. Afterwards, they dug in and set up
1243:
In the face of increasing Iraqi armament and manpower, as well as increasing problems on their own side, Iran could no longer rely on outnumbering Iraqi troops. While the infantry and human wave assaults would remain key to their attacks throughout the war, Iran began to rely more heavily on
1868:
The First Battle of al-Faw "officially" ended in March, however heavy intermittent clashes and combat operations continued on the peninsula until the end of 1986 and even as late as 1988, with neither side being able to displace the other. The battle bogged down into a
1771:, and the shells that landed were muffled in the mud. Iraq used so much ammunition that they faced shortages, and had to scour international markets and place orders from their supporters in order to replenish their stocks. They lost another 25 aircraft to Iranian
2814:
1571:
obstacle belt and isolated Iraqi bunkers whose troops had taken cover from the heavy rains inside or were sleeping. Iranian demolition teams detonated charges on the obstacles to create a path for the Iranian infantry waiting to begin their assault.
1748:, which paralyzed Iranian activity on the battlefield, and killed 700–1,800 immediately. 8,000 were stricken, and many more would eventually die afterward. The poison gas may have been the deadliest weapon for the Iraqis fighting the Iranians.
1824:, which would have severed Iraq from the Gulf and placed Iranian troops on the border with Kuwait. However, the offensive failed due to Iranian shortages of armor. Thus as a result, fighting on the peninsula stabilized, and became a
1794:). Iraqi aircraft did have one notable success on the peninsula though. Iranian helicopters had transported some of their own armor to the peninsula. One of Iran's armored columns was hit by Iraqi aircraft, damaging several
1812:
was almost completely wiped out. The capture of al-Faw and the failure of the Iraqi counter-offensives were blows to the Ba'ath regime's prestige, and led the Gulf countries to fear that Iran might win the war.
1574:
The Iranian command was fortunate in taking advantage of torrential rain during the initial 24 hours that made it impossible for Iraq to bring to bear its superior air and artillery firepower. Not only did the
1937:
The intense fighting cost Iraq an estimated 17,000 losses; Iran lost about 10,000 during the two weeks. An attempt to exploit the breakout from the captured territory, to completely sever Iraq's link to the
1716:
against the Iranians, but with few targets (the Iranians forces consisted of dug in infantry, moving only at night and helped by poor weather) they achieved little effect and lost 15–30 aircraft against
2809:
1272:, as southern Iraq is marshy and filled with wetlands. Iran used speedboats to cross the marshes and rivers in southern Iraq and landed troops on the opposing banks, where they would dig and set up
2723:
1185:
and warning center covering Persian Gulf, as well as limiting Iraq's access to the ocean. Iran managed to maintain their foothold in Al-Faw against several Iraqi counter-offensives, including
1629:
Due to being taken by surprise, and poor weather, the Iraqis were unable to launch a major counterattack, but began to fight back as early as 12 February. Iran quickly in the meantime set up
2663:
Mohiaddin Mesbahi, The USSR and the Iran-Iraq War: From Brezhnev to Gorbachev, in Farhang Rajaee, ed., The Iran-Iraq War: The Politics of Aggression, University Press of Florida, 1993, p.83
1701:
little room to maneuver, and Iraqi air and artillery attacks were muffled against the muddy terrain. The Iraqis were thus bound to two roads, and they were picked off by Iranian artillery,
1844:. Iraq's main air control and warning centre located north of the Al Faw peninsula that was covering the Gulf area of operations, was also captured by Iran. This created a state of near
533:
1696:
and the Iraqi high command still were convinced that the main Iranian attack was towards Basra, and did not take word of the Iranian capture of al-Faw seriously. There were only two
1670:
on 12 February led by General Maher Abd al-Rashid, supported by some of Iraq's best commanders Hisham Sabah al-Fakhri, and Sa'adi Tuma 'Abbas al-Jabburi. However, lack of effective
1605:
Iran's second simultaneous attack was aimed at the foot of the peninsula. Using a division size strike force of the Revolutionary Guard's amphibious forces on small boats and large
1232:
had been fought for nearly 6 years. While the Iranians had driven the Iraqis off of their soil in 1982, Iranian efforts to invade Iraq and cause the downfall of the regime of
1681:
On 12 February 1986, the Iraqis began a counter-offensive to re-take the Faw, which failed after a week of intense fighting. Saddam sent one of his best commanders, General
1626:
held out until 14 February. The Iraqis had not expected an Iranian attack at this area, assuming that the Iranians were incapable of launching a major amphibious operation.
1893:, tank- and artillery-firing positions, minefields, and stretches of barbed wire, all shielded by an artificially flooded lake 30 kilometers long and 1,800 meters wide.
1542:) from 9–14 February, attempting to split Iraq's 3rd and 7th Corps; this was stopped by the Iraqis. Meanwhile, the main Iranian blow fell on the strategically important
1779:) and air defenses. The only effective weapon Iraq used against the Iranians was poison gas, and even that was dampened somewhat by the muddy ground on the peninsula.
1244:
infiltration and surprise attacks, as a part of limited light infantry warfare . In contrast to Iraq's static defences and heavy armour, Iran began training troops in
1216:. Although the battle officially ended in March 1986, intermittent clashes continued for two years until April 1988, when Iraq recaptured the al-Faw peninsula at the
1908:, which supported Iraq throughout the war. It gave them a chokehold on any goods and supplies coming up the Shatt al Arab and Khawr Abd Allah waterway for Iraq.
1820:
Iraq launched another counterattack on 10 March, which was unsuccessful. On March 1986, the Iranians tried to follow up their success by attempting to take
526:
2110:
1240:
and light infantry warfare. Meanwhile, the Iraqis (especially after 1982) were heavily supported by foreign nations. The war bogged down into a stalemate.
1200:
The First Battle of al-Faw was a major success for Iran who now held an important strategic position, but worried other states in the region, primarily in
2429:
595:
2730:
800:
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55:
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1305:, and threaten Basra from the south. More importantly, Iran hoped to deliver a series of blows against Iraq that would lead to its downfall via
2155:
1922:
2824:
2442:
1953:
to influence Iran from further attempts to cut off Iraq's oil export facilities which would have had deleterious effect on world oil prices.
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2223:
414, 29, 702, 704, 442, 502, 111, 110, 104, 47, 501, 419, 48, 39, 22, 23, 2, 602, 603, 703, 96, 95, 108, 421, 424, and 5th Infantry Brigades
1877:
in the marshes of the peninsula. 17,000 Iraqi troops and 30,000 Iranian troops fell victim on the peninsula. On 3 September, Iran launched
1098:
1690:
having an advantage in firepower and the extensive use of chemical warfare, the Iraqi attempt to re-take the Faw again ended in failure.
1236:
had been fruitless. Iran had suffered due to a lack of spare parts and in its inability to replace lost equipment, and relied heavily on
1602:
as a stepping stone to reach the Al-Faw peninsula. They captured the island, but an Iraqi counterattack recaptured it three days later.
1280:
Iran began to plan for a major offensive. While deceptively making it seem like the attack was to be against the southern Iraqi city of
503:
2648:
2489:
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in particular felt menaced with Iranian troops only 16 km (9.9 mi) away, and increased its support of Iraq accordingly.:241
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the Iranians to be able to land troops on the peninsula. The Iranians hoped to cut off Iraq from the Persian Gulf, making the country
1182:
102:
2758:
2515:
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1990:
1914:
vowed to eliminate the Iranians "at all costs," and in April 1988 the Iraqis succeeded in regaining the Al Faw peninsula during the
1638:
1265:
121:
1622:. The Iranian strike force overran the tip of the peninsula, in 24 hours, and while most of the frontline Iraqis fled, the town of
74:
1767:
against the Iranians. Iraqi artillery was ineffective in the marshes, and as Iranian air defenses dispersed and shot down Iraqi
2844:
2839:
2062:
1946:
1142:
operation is considered to be one of Iran's greatest achievements in the Iran–Iraq War. The Iranians were able to capture the
1579:
provide a significant lodgement behind Iraq's tactical front, but they also created a psychological shock wave throughout the
81:
2819:
997:
569:
59:
2123:
1977:
1642:
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614:
983:
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952:
687:
88:
1554:. Instead, Iran's primary objective was Iraq's al-Faw peninsula, the only area in Iraq that touched the Persian Gulf.
2829:
2685:
2174:
2049:
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1284:(like most of Iran's attacks had been), the attack was really aimed at the southern al-Faw peninsula, touching the
708:
70:
2229:
30, 16, 34, 42, 26th Armored Brigades, 17th Tammuz, al-Rafidin, Dhu al-Noorain Tank Battalions, 43rd Battalion of
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by the Iraqi troops, and soft ground limiting tank mobility eventually halted the counterattack despite intensive
48:
2036:
1896:
The Iranians put their foothold in the Al Faw peninsula to good use. They used the peninsula as a launch pad for
1173:(Arvand Rud) river against the Iraqi troops defending the strategic al-Faw peninsula, which connects Iraq to the
749:
735:
574:
2849:
2448:
1808:
Iraq's desperate attempts to retake al-Faw again ended in failure, costing them many tanks and aircraft: their
1083:
294:
2672:
Kenneth M. Pollack, Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991, University of Nebraska Press, 2004, p.217
1995:
2362:
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2179:
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2005:
1915:
1862:
1686:
1663:
1470:
1217:
1186:
1155:
1076:
1069:
1016:
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701:
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2312:
2285:
2216:
2212:
1809:
1190:
1062:
1047:
1040:
619:
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in the process; this in turn hardened Iraqi attitudes to prosecute the war. The Faw peninsula was later
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2196:
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832:
819:
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2018:
1772:
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1245:
932:
1782:
To make matters worse for the Iraqis, on 4 March, they suffered another heavy blow when two Iranian
1212:
and the Iraqi government, who began extensively improving defenses for the threatened major city of
95:
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2230:
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1732:
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1459:
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911:
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633:
262:
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1615:
1606:
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1551:
1547:
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1237:
1178:
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1103:
1054:
742:
645:
607:
564:
1330:
1229:
1131:
543:
145:
1840:, creating reports in the local media that Iranian forces had surrounded the Umm Al-Qasr Iraqi
2754:
2644:
2511:
2505:
2485:
2438:
2394:
2341:
2031:
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1675:
1306:
990:
971:
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727:
600:
327:
277:
268:
257:
227:
2431:
Iraqi Perspectives Project: A View of Operation Iraqi Freedom from Saddam's Senior Leadership
1587:
were able to construct bridges to improve the flow of ground troops into the lodgement area.
1386:
Iraqi counter-attack succeeds in containing the Iranian offensive to the tip of the peninsula
2357:
2055:
2011:
1897:
1741:
1619:
1543:
1523:
1493:
1399:
1364:
1310:
1261:
1143:
1135:
1023:
978:
881:
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852:
840:
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805:
784:
777:
770:
763:
626:
347:
282:
179:
2307:
1756:
1630:
1584:
1273:
672:
640:
305:
2328:
1911:
1882:
1737:
1693:
1650:
1253:
1233:
1209:
959:
896:
660:
1751:
Thus a new round of heavy fighting took place. The Iraqi offensives were supported by
2803:
1783:
1760:
1667:
1563:
1170:
667:
316:
1340:
2345:
2042:
1939:
1901:
1849:
1722:
1599:
1580:
1285:
1205:
1174:
1151:
2530:
Stephen C. Pelletiere, The Iran-Iraq War: Chaos in a Vacuum, ABC-CLIO, 1992, p.142
2540:
2479:
2388:
1870:
1776:
1745:
1728:
Unsurprisingly, the Iraqi counterattack failed after a week of heavy fighting.
37:
17:
2414:
2302:
1841:
1795:
1702:
1546:, which fell after only 24 hours of fighting. Iran's northern forces launched
1302:
1289:
1249:
1032:
2785:
2772:
1874:
1825:
1764:
1706:
1610:
1539:
1194:
1208:, who increased their support for Iraq. The battle damaged the prestige of
2693:
1926:
1836:
Iranian troops succeeded in reaching the Khor Abdullah waterway opposite
1821:
1709:
1281:
2815:
Military operations involving chemical weapons during the Iran–Iraq War
2541:"Iran-Iraq War | Causes, Summary, Casualties, & Facts | Britannica"
1890:
1713:
1591:
2154:(air assault, medevac, heliborne and transportation; belonging to the
1905:
1837:
1814:
1623:
1201:
1618:, fled or were defeated, taking 4,000 casualties and 1,500 becoming
1609:
boats, they landed at six points on the peninsula, after an intense
1633:
across the Shatt al-Arab, and rapidly moved 20,000 troops from the
2713:"Saddam's War: An Iraqi military perspective on the Iran-Iraq War"
1950:
1845:
1799:
1634:
1213:
153:
2724:"Phase Five: New Iranian Efforts at "Final Offensives",1986-1987"
1712:
units. In desperation, Iraqi aircraft flew as many as 300 combat
2641:
IRAN-IRAQ WAR : Iran strikes back, June 1982 -December 1986
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Taking place between 9 and 25 February, the assault across the
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2417:[Familiarity with Operation Dawn 8]. 24 February 2013.
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which were deployed against shipping and oil terminals in the
1277:
marshes of southern Iraq, and the mountains of northern Iraq.
31:
1881:
against two Iraqi oil platforms around Umm Qasr and Kuwait's
1538:. The Iranians launched a feint attack against Basra (around
2507:
Weapons of Mass Destruction: Chemical and biological weapons
1181:, capturing the tip of the peninsula, including Iraq's main
2751:
Arabs at War: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War
1755:, hundreds of tanks, and a large bombing offensive by the
1567:
sophisticated and carefully planned amphibious operation.
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1309:. The operation was to be called Operation Valfajr 8 (
681:
Iranian offensives to free Iranian territory (1981–82)
2199:
from Khorasan, Fars, Isfahan, and Khuzestan provinces
1193:, for another month despite heavy casualties until a
2711:
Woods, Kevin; Murray, Williamson; Elkhamri, Mounir.
2484:. Harvard University Press, 2015. p. 354, 360.
1177:. The Iranians defeated the Iraqi defenders, mostly
2393:. Harvard University Press, 2015. p. 354,360.
2269:
Commando brigades from 3rd, 4th, 6th, and 7th Corps
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2639:Hooton, E.R.; Cooper, Tom; Nadimi, Farzin (2019).
2437:. Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses.
1583:region. Soon after the initial landings, Iranian
2810:Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War in 1986
2136:(belonging to the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy)
2686:"سایت تخصصی و اطلاع رسانی دفاع مقدس | والفجر 8"
2143:(air support and air defence; belonging to the
1323:
138:
1865:in April 1988 Iraq re-captured the peninsula.
2596:
2594:
2592:
2226:440th, 441st, 443rd Coastal Infantry Brigades
1744:. Their most widely used chemical weapon was
1288:, and the only area of Iraq that touched the
527:
204:Iran captures the tip of the al-Faw peninsula
8:
2081:44th Qamar-e Bani-Hashem Independent Brigade
2718:. Institute for National Strategic Studies.
2634:
2632:
2630:
2238:65th, 66th, and 68th Special Forces Brigade
2111:Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces
1649:After taking the Faw, the Iranians built a
1138:between 10 February and 10 March 1986. The
2680:
2678:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2235:25, 20, 15, 8 and 24th Mechznized Brigades
1518:On 9 February 1986, the Iranians launched
1320:
534:
520:
512:
403:82,000 troops (Three mechanised divisions)
135:
2604:, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2008, p. 46
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2471:
2469:
2211:7th Corps: (the brigades are mostly from
2075:32nd Ansar-ol-Hossayn Independent Brigade
1925:downed one Iraq MiG and 5 helicopters in
1158:by Iraqi forces near the end of the war.
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1662:only with considerable losses to Iraq's
1598:island in the Shatt Al-Arab across from
1264:. They also began training thousands of
1165:, a sophisticated and carefully planned
2374:
2348:has been named after Operation Dawn 8.
2326:The Season One of the war documentary
2297:6 qati's under command of 26th Division
2344:torpedo produced domestically for the
2156:Islamic Republic of Iran Army Aviation
2382:
2380:
2378:
7:
2078:15th Imam Hassan Independent Brigade
1099:1981 Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut
826:Iranian offensives in Iraq (1985–87)
722:Iranian offensives in Iraq (1982–84)
60:adding citations to reliable sources
2620:Bulloch, John & Morris, Harvey
2151:Shahid Soleiman Khater Headquarters
2000:Commanded by Mohammad Raoofi-Nezhad
1527:
2145:Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
1786:bombed the headquarters of Iraq's
1161:On 9 February 1986, Iran launched
480:150 anti-aircraft artillery pieces
25:
2097:33rd Al-Mahdi Independent Brigade
1991:27th Mohammad Rasulullah Division
461:55 anti-aircraft artillery pieces
2753:. University of Nebraska Press.
1487:
1475:
1464:
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1432:
1417:
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465:5 engineering vehicles destroyed
352:
341:
332:
321:
310:
299:
288:
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267:
256:
235:
220:
170:10 February 1986 – 10 March 1986
152:
36:
27:1986 battle in the Iran–Iraq War
2510:. ABC-CLIO. 2005. p. 165.
2175:10th Sayyed-osh-Shohada Brigade
2063:17th Ali ibn Abi Taleb Division
1923:Iranian Ah-1J Cobra helicopters
47:needs additional citations for
2586:, London: Osprey, 2002 page 48
2281:5th Battalion of 26th Division
1590:The first Iranian attack used
570:1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran
491:10,000 killed (February–March)
376:20 Republican Guard battalions
1:
2124:Islamic Republic of Iran Navy
1978:25th Karbala Special Division
1967:Khatam-ol-Anbiya Headquarters
1861:Iraq accordingly. During the
1736:every single day, using both
1398:Iran captures the tip of the
2825:February 1986 events in Asia
2749:Pollack, Kenneth M. (2004).
2584:The Iran-Iraq War 1980–1988
2415:"آشنایی با عملیات والفجر ۸"
2109:33 artillery battalions of
1848:in neighbouring Kuwait and
2876:
2855:Basra in the Iran–Iraq War
2332:depicts Operation Dawn 8.
2252:3rd Special Forces Brigade
2050:14th Imam Hossein Division
1803:armored personnel carriers
2190:(diversionary operations)
2165:(diversionary operations)
2037:8th Najaf Ashraf Division
1945:In a panic move, several
1731:The force led by General
1499:
1446:
1409:
1347:
1338:
1328:
575:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
551:
478:35 field artillery pieces
459:20 field artillery pieces
432:
385:
362:
249:
212:
162:
151:
143:
2428:Woods, Kevin M. (2011).
1810:15th Mechanised Division
1763:. Iraq was losing whole
1740:and large quantities of
1666:despite a three-pronged
1380:Tactical Iranian success
801:Kurdish rebellion (1983)
484:34 engineering equipment
372:23 mechanized battalions
295:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
71:"First Battle of al-Faw"
2643:. HELION & CO LTD.
2624:, Methuen: London, 1989
2478:Razoux, Pierre (2015).
2387:Razoux, Pierre (2015).
2363:Second Battle of al-Faw
2006:41st Tharallah Division
1996:7th Vali-e-Asr Division
1916:Second Battle of al-Faw
1863:Second Battle of al-Faw
1788:5th Mechanized Division
1534:during the rule of the
1505:5,000 killed or wounded
1383:Iraqi defensive failure
1218:Second Battle of al-Faw
1092:International incidents
381:16 artillery battalions
379:140 infantry battalions
368:126 infantry battalions
2845:Battles involving Iraq
2840:Battles involving Iran
2284:Commando Battalion of
2255:4th Mechanized Brigade
2246:1st Mechanized Brigade
2180:18th Al-Ghadir Brigade
2170:21st Imam Reza Brigade
1657:Iraqi counteroffensive
1471:Hisham Sabah al-Fakhri
1447:Commanders and leaders
1334:First Battle of al-Faw
1128:First Battle of al-Faw
587:Iraqi invasion of Iran
560:1975 Algiers Agreement
502:(10,000 casualties of
424:Several tank companies
374:29 commando battalions
370:33 armoured battalions
250:Commanders and leaders
158:Al-Faw peninsula, Iraq
139:First Battle of al-Faw
2820:Amphibious operations
2197:Jihad of Construction
1725:) for their efforts.
1672:combined arms tactics
1653:and began to dig in.
1532:Imperial Iranian Army
1500:Casualties and losses
920:Karbala 8 (7th Basra)
580:Iranian Embassy siege
457:500 military vehicles
433:Casualties and losses
2313:Iraqi Army Air Corps
2261:1 commando battalion
2258:10th Armored Brigade
2249:2nd Commando Brigade
2133:Yunes 2 Headquarters
2118:Yunes 1 Headquarters
2019:31st Ashura Division
1973:Karbala Headquarters
1856:Aftermath and impact
1773:interceptor aircraft
1769:observation aircraft
1698:mechanized divisions
1639:Revolutionary Guards
1130:was a battle of the
1042:June 5 1984 Skirmish
415:22,000–25,000 troops
56:improve this article
2786:29.9753°N 48.4725°E
2782: /
2122:Kowsar Flotilla of
1947:Persian Gulf states
1921:During the battle,
1904:, and also against
1879:Operation Karbala 3
1753:helicopter gunships
1733:Maher Abd al-Rashid
1719:Iranian air defense
1683:Maher Abd al-Rashid
1577:amphibious landings
1460:Maher Abd al-Rashid
1266:Revolutionary Guard
1113:Iran Air Flight 655
999:Tawakalna ala Allah
946:Final stages (1988)
463:7 fast attack craft
263:Maher Abd al-Rashid
2545:www.britannica.com
2322:In popular culture
2187:Najaf Headquarters
2092:19th Fajr Division
2069:Gholamreza Jaafari
1927:air-to-air combats
1616:Iraqi Popular Army
1558:Peninsula landings
1548:human wave attacks
1355:9–25 February 1986
1270:amphibious warfare
1238:human wave attacks
1179:Iraqi Popular Army
1167:amphibious assault
985:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 4
966:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 3
954:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 2
744:Muharram ol-Harram
565:Iranian Revolution
396:1,000–5,000 troops
2602:The Iran-Iraq War
2481:The Iran-Iraq War
2444:978-0-9762550-1-7
2390:The Iran-Iraq War
2162:Qods Headquarters
2140:Raad Headquarters
2087:Nooh Headquarters
2032:5th Nasr Division
1942:, was contained.
1898:Silkworm missiles
1792:War of the Cities
1676:close air support
1516:
1515:
1405:
1404:
1307:attrition warfare
1121:
1120:
554:Pre-war incidents
510:
509:
328:Ali Sayad Shirazi
208:
207:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
2867:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2791:29.9753; 48.4725
2787:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2764:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2729:. Archived from
2728:
2719:
2717:
2698:
2697:
2696:on 17 June 2013.
2692:. Archived from
2682:
2673:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2636:
2625:
2618:
2605:
2598:
2587:
2580:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2475:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2447:. Archived from
2436:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2384:
2358:Battle of Mehran
2278:Hattin Battalion
2272:73rd Brigade of
2266:Commando units:
2242:Republican Guard
2056:Hossein Kharrazi
2012:Qassem Soleimani
1984:Morteza Ghorbani
1742:chemical weapons
1705:helicopters and
1687:Republican Guard
1664:Republican Guard
1620:prisoners of war
1585:combat engineers
1544:Al-Faw peninsula
1529:
1520:Operation Dawn 8
1494:Hossein Kharrazi
1492:
1491:
1482:Saadi Tuma Abbas
1480:
1479:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1457:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1400:al-Faw peninsula
1376:Iranian victory
1365:al-Faw peninsula
1349:
1348:
1343:
1324:Operation Dawn 8
1321:
1262:mountain warfare
1191:chemical attacks
1187:Republican Guard
1163:Operation Dawn 8
1144:al-Faw peninsula
1136:al-Faw peninsula
1134:, fought on the
979:Halabja massacre
715:2nd Khorramshahr
710:Beit-ol-Moqaddas
654:Stalemate (1981)
615:1st Khorramshahr
546:
536:
529:
522:
513:
504:chemical attacks
468:Captured by Iran
418:Height of battle
407:200+ helicopters
399:Height of battle
357:
356:
348:Hossein Kharrazi
346:
345:
338:Morteza Ghorbani
337:
336:
326:
325:
315:
314:
304:
303:
293:
292:
283:Saadi Toma Abbas
281:
280:
273:Hisham al-Fakhri
272:
271:
261:
260:
245:
241:
239:
238:
230:
226:
224:
223:
180:Al-Faw peninsula
164:
163:
156:
136:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
18:Operation Dawn-8
2875:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2850:Battles in 1986
2800:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2761:
2748:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2638:
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2628:
2619:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2547:. 10 March 2024
2539:
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2427:
2426:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2386:
2385:
2376:
2371:
2354:
2338:
2324:
2308:Iraqi Air Force
2209:
2153:
2142:
2135:
1964:
1959:
1957:Order of battle
1935:
1858:
1834:
1784:F-5E Tiger II's
1757:Iraqi Air Force
1659:
1631:pontoon bridges
1560:
1528:عملیات والفجر ۸
1511:
1506:
1486:
1474:
1473:
1463:
1462:
1452:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1394:
1367:
1333:
1319:
1298:
1274:pontoon bridges
1226:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1094:
1036:
948:
828:
751:Before the Dawn
737:Moslem Ibn Aqil
689:Samen-ol-A'emeh
683:
656:
596:Iraqi airstrike
591:
556:
547:
542:
540:
501:
499:
494:
492:
490:
485:
483:
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479:
477:
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471:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
443:
441:
439:
428:70+ helicopters
427:
425:
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416:
414:
406:
404:
402:
397:
395:
380:
375:
373:
371:
369:
351:
350:
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339:
331:
330:
320:
319:
309:
308:
306:Esmaeil Sohrabi
298:
297:
287:
275:
274:
266:
265:
255:
236:
234:
233:
221:
219:
218:
200:
194:Iranian victory
186:
157:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2873:
2871:
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2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
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2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2801:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2746:
2736:on 30 May 2016
2720:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2690:www.fatehan.ir
2674:
2665:
2656:
2650:978-1913118532
2649:
2626:
2606:
2600:Karsh, Efraim
2588:
2582:Karsh, Efraim
2558:
2532:
2523:
2516:
2497:
2491:978-0674915718
2490:
2465:
2454:on 9 June 2010
2443:
2420:
2406:
2400:978-0674915718
2399:
2373:
2372:
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2334:
2329:Ravayat-e Fath
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2256:
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2250:
2247:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2159:
2148:
2137:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2025:Amin Shari'ati
2016:
2015:
2014:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1934:
1931:
1912:Saddam Hussein
1883:Bubiyan Island
1857:
1854:
1833:
1830:
1738:high explosive
1694:Saddam Hussein
1658:
1655:
1651:pontoon bridge
1559:
1556:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:1,500 captured
1502:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1484:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1428:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1317:Iranian attack
1315:
1297:
1294:
1254:night-fighting
1234:Saddam Hussein
1225:
1222:
1210:Saddam Hussein
1150:access to the
1146:, cutting off
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1101:
1089:
1088:
1085:Praying Mantis
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1052:
1045:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
995:
988:
981:
976:
969:
962:
960:Anfal campaign
957:
943:
942:
937:
930:
923:
916:
909:
902:
894:
886:
879:
872:
865:
857:
850:
838:
823:
822:
817:
810:
803:
798:
790:
782:
775:
768:
761:
754:
747:
740:
733:
719:
718:
706:
699:
692:
678:
677:
670:
665:
651:
650:
643:
638:
631:
624:
617:
612:
605:
598:
583:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
552:
549:
548:
541:
539:
538:
531:
524:
516:
508:
507:
500:25,000 wounded
496:
493:40–55 aircraft
451:11 helicopters
442:2,105 captured
435:
434:
430:
429:
422:133,000 troops
408:
388:
387:
383:
382:
377:
365:
364:
363:Units involved
360:
359:
285:
252:
251:
247:
246:
231:
215:
214:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
178:
176:
172:
171:
168:
160:
159:
149:
148:
141:
140:
134:
133:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2872:
2861:
2860:Night battles
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2830:Iran–Iraq War
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2798:
2795:
2762:
2760:9780803206861
2756:
2752:
2747:
2732:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2519:
2517:9781851094905
2513:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2433:
2432:
2424:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2286:15th Division
2283:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2274:17th Division
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:Commanded by
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:Commanded by
2066:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:Commanded by
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:Commanded by
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:Commanded by
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:Commanded by
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:Commanded by
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1775:(such as the
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:night warfare
1758:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:Hawk missiles
1720:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:counterattack
1665:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1564:Shatt al-Arab
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1525:
1521:
1512:2,000 wounded
1509:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1429:
1426:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1331:Iran–Iraq War
1327:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:commandos in
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:marsh warfare
1255:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:Iran–Iraq War
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1197:was reached.
1196:
1192:
1189:assaults and
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:Shatt al-Arab
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:Iran–Iraq War
1129:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1078:Nimble Archer
1075:
1073:
1072:
1071:Eager Glacier
1068:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1018:Eternal Light
1015:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
989:
987:
986:
982:
980:
977:
975:
974:
970:
968:
967:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:
951:
950:
949:
947:
941:
938:
936:
935:
931:
929:
928:
924:
922:
921:
917:
915:
914:
910:
908:
907:
903:
901:
899:
895:
893:
891:
887:
885:
884:
880:
878:
877:
873:
871:
870:
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703:Fath-ol-Mobin
700:
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545:
544:Iran–Iraq War
537:
532:
530:
525:
523:
518:
517:
514:
505:
498:10,000 killed
497:
488:
469:
446:
440:9,000 wounded
437:
436:
431:
419:
412:
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405:400+ aircraft
400:
393:
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384:
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367:
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358:Amin Shariati
355:
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329:
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317:Mohsen Rezaee
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146:Iran–Iraq War
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73: –
72:
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67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2835:1986 in Iraq
2767:
2750:
2738:. Retrieved
2731:the original
2705:Bibliography
2694:the original
2689:
2668:
2659:
2640:
2622:The Gulf War
2621:
2601:
2583:
2549:. Retrieved
2544:
2535:
2526:
2506:
2500:
2480:
2456:. Retrieved
2449:the original
2430:
2423:
2409:
2389:
2346:Iranian Navy
2339:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2293:Popular Army
2231:5th Division
2210:
2202:
2189:
2186:
2164:
2161:
2150:
2139:
2132:
2117:
2103:Jaafar Asadi
2086:
2043:Ahmad Kazemi
1972:
1966:
1965:
1944:
1940:Persian Gulf
1936:
1920:
1910:
1902:Persian Gulf
1895:
1887:
1867:
1859:
1850:Saudi Arabia
1835:
1819:
1807:
1781:
1750:
1730:
1727:
1692:
1680:
1660:
1648:
1643:Regular Army
1628:
1604:
1600:Khorramshahr
1596:Umm al-Rasas
1589:
1581:Persian Gulf
1573:
1569:
1561:
1519:
1517:
1410:Belligerents
1375:
1299:
1296:Preparations
1286:Persian Gulf
1279:
1246:infiltration
1242:
1227:
1206:Saudi Arabia
1199:
1175:Persian Gulf
1162:
1160:
1152:Persian Gulf
1127:
1125:
1105:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1064:Prime Chance
1063:
1055:
1049:Earnest Will
1048:
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1024:
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991:
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709:
702:
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688:
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679:
673:
661:
653:
652:
646:
634:
627:
621:Scorch Sword
620:
608:
601:
585:
584:
553:
487:Other claims
486:
476:250 vehicles
467:
444:
438:3,000 killed
417:
410:
398:
391:
213:Belligerents
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2789: /
2458:16 November
2219:divisions)
1871:World War I
1777:F-14 Tomcat
1746:mustard gas
1393:Territorial
1183:air control
1169:across the
1011:Forty Stars
900:(6th Basra)
892:(5th Basra)
836:(4th Basra)
796:(3rd Basra)
788:(2nd Basra)
731:(1st Basra)
449:74 aircraft
426:70 aircraft
199:Territorial
2804:Categories
2777:48°28′21″E
2774:29°58′31″N
2369:References
2303:Iraqi Navy
1842:naval base
1798:tanks and
1765:battalions
1703:AH-1 Cobra
1646:defenses.
1510:600 killed
1303:landlocked
1290:open ocean
1250:patrolling
1156:recaptured
1033:Tanker War
1004:2nd al-Faw
934:Karbala 10
847:1st al-Faw
495:100+ tanks
82:newspapers
1875:stalemate
1826:stalemate
1707:anti-tank
1611:artillery
1552:deception
1540:al-Qurnah
1195:stalemate
1056:Bridgeton
927:Karbala 9
913:Karbala 7
906:Karbala 6
898:Karbala 5
890:Karbala 4
876:Karbala 3
869:Karbala 2
861:Karbala 1
635:Sultan 10
453:400 tanks
445:Destroyed
411:Beginning
392:Beginning
2551:17 March
2352:See also
2318:Source:
2203:Source:
1949:lobbied
1822:Umm Qasr
1710:commando
1685:and the
1594:against
1360:Location
1329:Part of
1282:al-Basra
1108:incident
1058:incident
863:(Mehran)
647:Morvarid
609:Kaman 99
482:3 radars
472:80 tanks
455:200 APCs
386:Strength
175:Location
144:Part of
112:May 2007
2740:24 June
2342:Valfajr
1891:bunkers
1873:-style
1721:(using
1714:sorties
1592:frogmen
1524:Persian
1395:changes
1224:Prelude
1140:Iranian
992:Zafar 7
973:Dawn 10
820:Marshes
794:Kheibar
729:Ramadan
602:Revenge
474:40 APCs
201:changes
96:scholar
2757:
2647:
2514:
2488:
2441:
2397:
2336:Legacy
1933:Losses
1906:Kuwait
1838:Kuwait
1832:Kuwait
1815:Kuwait
1641:, and
1624:Al-Faw
1437:
1422:
1372:Result
1311:Dawn 8
1260:, and
1202:Kuwait
1025:Mersad
940:Nasr 4
883:Fath 1
854:Dawn 9
842:Dawn 8
814:Dawn 7
807:Dawn 6
786:Dawn 5
779:Dawn 4
772:Dawn 3
765:Dawn 2
758:Dawn 1
641:Abadan
628:Dezful
589:(1980)
240:
225:
191:Result
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
2734:(PDF)
2727:(PDF)
2716:(PDF)
2452:(PDF)
2435:(PDF)
1951:Syria
1846:panic
1800:M-113
1635:Basij
1214:Basra
1148:Iraqi
1106:Stark
674:Opera
103:JSTOR
89:books
2755:ISBN
2742:2019
2645:ISBN
2553:2024
2512:ISBN
2486:ISBN
2460:2012
2439:ISBN
2395:ISBN
2340:The
2217:26th
2215:and
2213:15th
2207:Iraq
1962:Iran
1796:M-60
1536:Shah
1440:Iran
1425:Iraq
1352:Date
1228:The
1204:and
1126:The
1104:USS
834:Badr
662:Nasr
243:Iran
228:Iraq
184:Iraq
167:Date
75:news
1607:LST
1313:).
668:H-3
58:by
2806::
2688:.
2677:^
2629:^
2609:^
2591:^
2561:^
2543:.
2468:^
2377:^
1929:.
1918:.
1852:.
1828:.
1805:.
1678:.
1637:,
1526::
1292:.
1256:,
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1220:.
182:,
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717:)
713:(
535:e
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489::
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394::
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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