702:, and militias as well as some 8,000 activists of the Communist Party. These men were organised into more than 3,000 operational units, consisting of one MGB operative, two men from destruction battalions, two MGB soldiers and activists. A single unit was responsible for the deportation of one to three families: waking up the family (the deportations were carried at night), ensuring that no one escaped, listing the deportees and checking their data, supervising packing of family's personal belongings, and bringing them to the designated railway station. Party activists stayed in the households to register left property, which was to come under the possession of the kolkhoz. The deportees were loaded onto
1211:
508:
jumped from 3.9% in
January 1949 to 60.5% in January 1950. However, the pace of collectivization in Lithuania was still not as rapid as in Latvia or Estonia, where 93% and 80% of the farms were collectivized by the end of 1949. Soviet authorities, striving to complete the forced collectivisation in
563:. An aggregate list was prepared by MGB listed 4,215 families (14,950 people). A number of those had already joined kolkhozes and were labelled "kulak sympathizers". MGB further compiled primary and auxiliary lists of 4,007 and 998 families. The lists were approved by the
1216:
535:
681:
398:
735:
968:
91:
238:
253:
886:
128:
391:
248:
243:
1221:
541:
989:
384:
123:
1004:
994:
687:
1067:
336:
1353:
1348:
1009:
999:
961:
341:
326:
23:
1055:
1061:
226:
331:
216:
564:
179:
1031:
556:
454:
954:
514:
189:
81:
1037:
351:
31:
1043:
276:
1338:
96:
58:
559:(MGB) of the Lithuanian SSR was held on September 6. Lists of the deportees were to be prepared by local administration and committees of the
231:
1014:
101:
501:
474:
905:
211:
1358:
1226:
1150:
466:
206:
461:
in the autumn of 1951. During the operation, more than 5,000 families (over 20,000 people) were transported to remote regions of the
1333:
1168:
935:
776:
743:
157:
106:
1140:
140:
111:
1145:
977:
194:
116:
53:
311:
199:
162:
568:
560:
221:
174:
1049:
526:
145:
1084:
1328:
169:
86:
571:. Though data is not complete, it is estimated that some 1,100 to 1,200 Poles were deported during the operation.
1292:
1257:
424:
509:
Lithuania, initiated preparations for a mass deportation of peasants who refused to join newly established
1250:
699:
361:
371:
530:
1343:
1264:
1178:
152:
133:
676:
446:
436:
694:, head of MGB. The operation required great manpower and employed 3,818 MGB officers, 11,270 MGB
366:
675:
The operation was led by Piotr
Kapralov, Minister of State Security of the Lithuanian SSR, and
1243:
1173:
931:
897:
867:
831:
772:
768:
761:
739:
301:
855:
1278:
1195:
1125:
1113:
1090:
711:
642:
545:
494:
415:
291:
271:
1185:
1119:
1096:
695:
691:
660:
296:
281:
1190:
619:
505:
470:
458:
48:
816:
1322:
1271:
522:
544:, and ordered "to eternally transfer 4000 anti-kolkhoz kulaks and their families to
707:
638:
549:
462:
946:
1285:
1299:
1217:
Estonian
International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
703:
664:
579:
The deportation in the autumn of 1951 was carried in several separate events:
901:
871:
835:
1306:
521:
and their families from the
Lithuanian territory". The decree was signed by
510:
478:
690:. Every few hours they sent updates on the progress of the operation to
518:
442:
184:
567:. The lists included not only Lithuanians, but also members of the
321:
63:
950:
856:"Tragiškasis Lietuvos puslapis. Prisimenant 1951 metų trėmimus"
647:
including 5,278 children, 39 of which died during the transfer
706:
with no amenities and spent about a month on their journey to
767:(revised ed.). University of California Press. p.
736:
Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras
517:
issued a decree number 3309-1568cc "On the deportation of
624:
mainly relatives, supporters and messengers of partisans
928:
Lietuvių tautos sovietinis naikinimas 1940–1958 metais
473:
campaign specifically targeting peasants who resisted
465:. It was the last large deportation in the series of
429:
1222:
Genocide and
Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania
542:
Administrator of
Affairs of the Council of Ministers
489:
After two large deportations in May 1948 (code name
1235:
1204:
1161:
1106:
1077:
1024:
760:
763:The Baltic States: Years of Dependence 1940–1990
930:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mintis. p. 239.
730:Anušauskas, Arvydas; et al., eds. (2005).
962:
392:
8:
453:) was a mass deportation carried out by the
759:Misiunas, Romuald; Taagepera, Rein (1993).
969:
955:
947:
581:
565:Council of Ministers of the Lithuanian SSR
399:
385:
18:
810:
808:
515:Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
887:"Lietuvos lenkų trėmimai: 1941–1952 m."
849:
847:
845:
815:Tumavičius, Andrius (10 October 2014).
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
722:
350:
310:
262:
72:
39:
30:
817:"Lietuvos gyventojų trėmimai „Osenj""
7:
1354:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
1349:Forced migration in the Soviet Union
16:1951 mass deportation from Lithuania
254:Between Poland and Soviet Lithuania
1227:Museum of the Occupation of Latvia
467:Soviet deportations from Lithuania
277:German–Soviet population transfers
14:
249:Between Poland and Soviet Belarus
244:Between Poland and Soviet Ukraine
885:Stravinskienė, Vitalija (2012).
92:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
978:Occupation of the Baltic states
854:Šalna, Linas (7 October 2011).
688:Third Chief Directorate of MGB
457:(MGB) in the territory of the
1:
1339:October 1951 events in Europe
352:Massive labor force transfers
926:Anušauskas, Arvydas (1996).
569:Polish minority in Lithuania
561:Communist Party of Lithuania
513:. On September 5, 1951, the
1025:Diplomatic treaties in 1939
1010:Soviet re-occupation (1944)
527:Premier of the Soviet Union
430:
1375:
1205:Research and investigation
734:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius:
557:Ministry of State Security
455:Ministry of State Security
32:Forced population transfer
1359:Anti-Lithuanian sentiment
1293:The Chronicles of Melanie
1078:Massacres and repressions
984:
419:
82:Azerbaijanis from Armenia
1334:1951 in the Soviet Union
1085:Masļenki border incident
1068:Soviet–Lithuanian Treaty
1000:Soviet occupation (1940)
477:and refused to join the
190:Kurds from Transcaucasia
1050:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
890:Istorija. Mokslo darbai
362:Twenty-five-thousanders
1251:Between Shades of Gray
1056:Soviet–Estonian Treaty
1032:German–Lithuanian Pact
1005:Nazi occupation (1941)
700:destruction battalions
610:September 20–21, 1951
469:. The operation was a
450:
239:Polish and Soviet Jews
1062:Soviet–Latvian Treaty
493:) and in March 1949 (
372:Virgin Lands campaign
1265:Nobody Wanted to Die
1038:German–Estonian Pact
738:. pp. 281–282.
555:The briefing of the
481:(collective farms).
1132:October deportation
1044:German–Latvian Pact
500:), the progress of
97:Chechens and Ingush
34:in the Soviet Union
732:Lietuva, 1940–1990
652:November 30, 1951
629:October 2–3, 1951
598:data by Tumavičius
591:data by Anušauskas
367:NKVD labor columns
322:POW Administration
59:Forced settlements
1329:1951 in Lithuania
1316:
1315:
1244:Ashes in the Snow
1212:Kersten Committee
1126:March deportation
892:(in Lithuanian).
862:(in Lithuanian).
826:(in Lithuanian).
673:
672:
599:
592:
451:Operacija „Ruduo“
440:
431:Operatsiya "Osen"
428:
409:
408:
302:Operation Vistula
1366:
1279:In the Crosswind
1258:Dangerous Summer
1196:Operation Jungle
1162:Armed resistance
1114:June deportation
1091:Rainiai massacre
1015:State continuity
971:
964:
957:
948:
942:
941:
923:
917:
916:
914:
913:
904:. Archived from
882:
876:
875:
851:
840:
839:
821:
812:
783:
782:
766:
756:
750:
749:
727:
712:Krasnoyarsk Krai
685:
669:mostly peasants
643:Krasnoyarsk Krai
597:
590:
582:
546:Krasnoyarsk Krai
539:
531:Mikhail Pomaznev
502:collectivisation
475:collectivisation
435:
433:
423:
421:
420:Операция «Осень»
401:
394:
387:
292:Operation Priboi
272:June deportation
212:Meskhetian Turks
19:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1231:
1200:
1186:Estonian Legion
1157:
1120:May deportation
1102:
1097:Kautla massacre
1073:
1020:
1019:
980:
975:
945:
938:
925:
924:
920:
911:
909:
884:
883:
879:
853:
852:
843:
819:
814:
813:
786:
779:
758:
757:
753:
746:
729:
728:
724:
720:
696:internal troops
692:Semyon Ignatyev
679:
661:Biysky District
596:
595:People deported
589:
588:People deported
577:
533:
487:
441:'Operation
405:
376:
346:
306:
297:Operation Vesna
282:Operation North
258:
68:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1372:
1370:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1191:Latvian Legion
1188:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1151:from Lithuania
1148:
1143:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1058:(28 September)
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
986:
985:
982:
981:
976:
974:
973:
966:
959:
951:
944:
943:
936:
918:
877:
841:
830:(1107): 1, 4.
784:
777:
751:
744:
721:
719:
716:
698:, soldiers of
686:, head of the
671:
670:
667:
658:
656:
653:
649:
648:
645:
636:
633:
630:
626:
625:
622:
620:Irkutsk Oblast
617:
614:
611:
607:
606:
603:
600:
593:
586:
576:
573:
506:Lithuanian SSR
486:
483:
471:dekulakization
459:Lithuanian SSR
412:Operation Osen
407:
406:
404:
403:
396:
389:
381:
378:
377:
375:
374:
369:
364:
358:
355:
354:
348:
347:
345:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
318:
315:
314:
312:WWII POW labor
308:
307:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
287:Operation Osen
284:
279:
274:
268:
265:
264:
260:
259:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
235:
234:
229:
224:
222:NKVD operation
214:
209:
204:
203:
202:
200:NKVD operation
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
166:
165:
163:NKVD operation
155:
150:
149:
148:
146:NKVD operation
138:
137:
136:
134:NKVD operation
131:
121:
120:
119:
117:NKVD operation
109:
107:Crimean Tatars
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
78:
75:
74:
70:
69:
67:
66:
61:
56:
51:
49:Dekulakization
45:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1371:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1272:Utterly Alone
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:Art and media
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
983:
979:
972:
967:
965:
960:
958:
953:
952:
949:
939:
937:5-417-00713-7
933:
929:
922:
919:
908:on 2016-12-25
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
888:
881:
878:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
848:
846:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
818:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
785:
780:
778:0-520-08228-1
774:
770:
765:
764:
755:
752:
747:
745:9986-757-65-7
741:
737:
733:
726:
723:
717:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
683:
678:
677:Yakov Yedunov
668:
666:
662:
659:
657:
654:
651:
650:
646:
644:
640:
637:
634:
632:16,150 + 335
631:
628:
627:
623:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
608:
604:
601:
594:
587:
584:
583:
580:
574:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
537:
532:
528:
524:
523:Joseph Stalin
520:
516:
512:
507:
503:
499:
498:
492:
484:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
438:
432:
426:
417:
413:
402:
397:
395:
390:
388:
383:
382:
380:
379:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
357:
356:
353:
349:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
317:
316:
313:
309:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
267:
266:
261:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
201:
198:
197:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
164:
161:
160:
159:
158:Ingrian Finns
156:
154:
151:
147:
144:
143:
142:
139:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
125:
122:
118:
115:
114:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
77:
76:
71:
65:
62:
60:
57:
55:
52:
50:
47:
46:
44:
43:
38:
35:
29:
25:
21:
20:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1169:Guerilla war
1141:from Estonia
1131:
1107:Deportations
1070:(10 October)
927:
921:
910:. Retrieved
906:the original
893:
889:
880:
863:
859:
827:
823:
762:
754:
731:
725:
708:Tomsk Oblast
674:
639:Tomsk Oblast
602:Destination
578:
575:Deportations
554:
550:Tomsk Oblast
496:
490:
488:
485:Preparations
463:Soviet Union
411:
410:
286:
129:from Romania
1344:Deportation
1146:from Latvia
1137:by country
1064:(5 October)
1052:(23 August)
704:cattle cars
680: [
534: [
443:Autumn/Fall
207:Lithuanians
1323:Categories
1300:The Fencer
1179:Lithuanian
1034:(23 March)
990:Background
912:2016-12-24
860:XXI amžius
718:References
665:Altai Krai
495:code name
447:Lithuanian
337:Hungarians
263:Operations
153:Harbinites
54:Evacuation
1307:The Mover
902:2029-7181
872:2029-1299
836:2029-509X
824:Tremtinys
511:kolkhozes
479:kolkhozes
425:romanized
342:Romanians
232:1955–1959
227:1944–1946
175:Karachays
112:Estonians
1046:(7 June)
1040:(7 June)
995:Timeline
866:(1952).
445:"',
327:Japanese
195:Latvians
40:Policies
24:a series
22:Part of
1174:Latvian
663:of the
635:15,537
504:in the
439:
427::
416:Russian
332:Germans
180:Koreans
170:Kalmyks
124:Germans
102:Chinese
87:Balkars
73:Peoples
1134:(1951)
1128:(1949)
1122:(1948)
1116:(1941)
1099:(1941)
1093:(1941)
1087:(1940)
934:
900:
870:
834:
775:
742:
616:2,987
613:3,807
605:Notes
529:, and
519:kulaks
497:Priboi
185:Kumyks
141:Greeks
820:(PDF)
684:]
585:Date
538:]
491:Vesna
217:Poles
64:Gulag
1286:1944
932:ISBN
898:ISSN
868:ISSN
832:ISSN
773:ISBN
740:ISBN
710:and
655:452
641:and
548:and
437:lit.
769:102
552:".
1325::
896:.
894:87
864:72
858:.
844:^
828:37
822:.
787:^
771:.
714:.
682:ru
540:,
536:ru
525:,
449::
434:,
422:,
418::
26:on
970:e
963:t
956:v
940:.
915:.
874:.
838:.
781:.
748:.
414:(
400:e
393:t
386:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.