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1653:(NATAF) would bomb Axis airfields. An RAF forward observation officer was to brief pilots by nominating landmarks, marking targets with red and blue smoke; friendly troops were to use orange smoke and the artillery would fire smoke shells to signal to the aircrews. On 24 March, Arnim doubted that an Eighth Army attack was likely and was more concerned about Maknassy further north. Despite the slow advance in the south, Arnim wanted the 1st Army to withdraw to Wadi Akarit on 25 March but Liebenstein and Messe preferred to counter-attack with the 15th Panzer Division. The threat to Maknassy and the possibility of the II US Corps reaching Gabès and cutting off the 1st Army, meant that they had to retire from Mareth and then from Tebaga.
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1230:(LRDG) attacked Axis supply lines and hundreds of lorries were stranded along the roads for lack of fuel, while the Eighth Army amassed fuel and ammunition for its next attack. On 13 January 1943, the infantry of the 21st Panzer Division were sent north to the 5th Panzer Army to protect Gabès. On 15 January, the Eighth Army attacked with
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a further Axis withdrawal to a new line 15 mi (24 km) to the rear of Gabès at Wadi Akarit, while the 164th Light, 15th Panzer and 21st Panzer divisions fought rearguard actions. El Hamma was evacuated on 29 March, leaving the way open for the 1st
Armoured Division to advance northward with the New Zealand Corps on their right.
1320:, the designer and garrison commander of the Mareth Line in the 1930s, was available in Algiers, to provide information and advice for the attack. In the original plan, Montgomery wrote "...the object of Operation Pugilist is to destroy the enemy now opposing Eighth Army in the Mareth Line and to advance and capture Sfax".
1706:
By 28 March, General Messe gave the order that all Axis forces on the Mareth Line be withdrawn to face X Corps and New
Zealand Corps on their right flank but by holding up the 1st Armoured Division at El Hamma, managed to avoid encirclement. On 29 March, the New Zealand Corps took Gabès, which forced
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the 1st
Armoured Division advanced through the gap and rapidly moved on El Hamma, 20 mi (32 km) to the north-east, halfway to Gabès on the coast. On the morning of 27 March, the 15th Panzer Division was brought out of reserve to counter-attack the New Zealand Corps on their right flank. By
1508:
The New
Zealand Corps advance was planned in three stages, from a 20 mi (32 km) night march to Wadi bel Krecheb 19 March, a second night march of 40 mi (64 km) to just short of the Tebaga Gap and then the capture of the entrance to the gap at first light on 21 March or as soon as
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tanks. That evening Rommel ordered another retreat; lack of fuel and apprehension about the threat to Gabès, led the retreating infantry to pass beyond the
Tarhuna–Homs line. The British occupied Tripoli on 23 January (the Axis retreat from El Alamein had covered 1,400 mi (2,300 km). On 13
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My very best congratulations to NZ Corps and 10 Corps on splendid results achieved by the left hook. These results have led to the complete disintegration of the enemy resistance and the whole Mareth position. Give my congratulations to all your officers and men, and tell them how pleased I am with
1702:
the attack had been repulsed and the New
Zealand Corps advanced into the hills on their right. By the evening of 27 March, German resistance had been broken and the line of communication forward to the 1st Armoured Division secured, the division having been halted by the defences of El Hamma, while
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and then infantry on foot. It appeared that the 164th Light and 21st Panzer divisions had not expected a daylight assault and had been surprised; the setting sun, wind and dust had made observation difficult. The
British tanks had been ordered to press on and the infantry also managed a quick pace,
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to capture Height 184. The New
Zealand Corps was to attack into the Tebaga Gap on a two-brigade front and capture the Axis defences from Djebel Tebaga to Djebel Melab, which would be exploited by the 1st Armoured Division. After assembling during the night and lying in concealed positions all day,
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German. The 15th Panzer
Division had suffered many losses, the 164th Light Afrika Division lost most of its weapons and vehicles. The 80th Infantry Division "La Spezia" suffered losses of nearly 50 per cent and the 16th Infantry Division "Pistoia" was almost annihilated; several Italian divisions
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where the north–south coast opens to the east, a semi-arid, scrub covered coastal plain is met inland by the
Matmata Hills which lie south to north. Across the plain in a line roughly south-west to north-east was the Mareth Line, fortifications built by the French in the 1930s. In the north, the
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Axis positions. The corps had relatively few infantry and relied on its artillery to break Axis troop morale, with air support provided by fighters and bombers. A simultaneous frontal attack by XXX Corps on the Mareth Line would divide enemy attention and hamper an Axis counter-attack; the
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In early January 1943, a LRDG patrol had found a pass into the Jebel Dahar, which was given the name Wilder's Gap. A later patrol penetrated to the Tebaga Gap and proved that the route was practicable. The patrol demonstrated the weakness of Axis defences by going further north to
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the tanks had waited for the moonlight. Freyberg persuaded Horrocks that the New Zealand Corps, en route to El Hamma to link with the 1st Armoured Division, should branch off to the right to avoid the Axis defences at El Hamma and head across the broken ground direct to Gabès.
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and a creeping barrage by the New Zealand and X Corps artillery. The attacking troops were to move to high ground 2,000 yd (1,800 m) forward and then to a second objective at a wadi 2,500 yd (2,300 m) further on. The 1st Armoured Division, led by the
1372:), could not afford to lose men he needed to defend the Mareth Line, abandoned the effort at dusk. The Eighth Army remained alert overnight in case of another Axis attempt and sent forward patrols to reconnoitre and demolish knocked-out Axis tanks. During the day the
1525:. An attack by X Corps from Al-Hamma to Gabès would cut off the 1st Army defenders of the Mareth positions and give the New Zealand Corps the opportunity to advance 80 mi (130 km) up the coast to Sfax and the landing grounds on the west side of the town.
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of X Corps to reinforce the New Zealand Corps from reserve, where it was waiting to exploit the anticipated breakthroughs by either XXX Corps or the New Zealand Corps and Horrocks, with the X Corps Headquarters to take control of operations in the Tebaga Gap.
1301:
The Mareth Line followed the line of Wadi Zigzaou, a natural tank obstacle with steep banks rising up to 70 ft (21 m) high; the north-west side had been fortified by the French and subsequently reinforced. The wadi crosses the coastal plain from
1392:. On 7 March, the Axis forces began to withdraw north towards the Mareth Line. The Eighth Army pursued, slowed by rain. The Battle of Medenine was Rommel's last action in the North African Campaign. He returned to Europe for good soon afterwards.
1046:
months previously. On 19 March 1943, Operation Pugilist, the first British attack, established a bridgehead but a break-out attempt was defeated by Axis counter-attacks. Pugilist established an alternative route of attack and
1677:. On the left, a minefield covered by anti-tank guns was bypassed on both sides to close up to the second objective, clearing a gap for the 1st Armoured Division, despite many Axis posts holding out in the vicinity.
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decrypts of German wireless communications, the British rushed reinforcements from Tripoli and Benghazi before the Axis attack, which was a costly failure. General Erwin Rommel, the commander of Army Group Africa
1450:, 35 British tanks and 200 prisoners. British forces held their positions until darkness. On 24 March all the British attacking forces were recalled. XXX Corps prepared a new attack towards Tallouf, in which the
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position as the terminus of the retreat, even though the position had a front of 110 mi (180 km), its strongpoints were up to 5 mi (8.0 km) apart, too far for mutual support and only
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impassable for motorised transport, and so had not extended the Mareth Line any further inland, but in 1943, motor vehicles had much better performance. The British had an advantage because General
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in Egypt managed to evade British outflanking moves but traffic jams, fuel shortages, poor weather and air attacks reduced the speed of their retreat to 6–7 mi (9.7–11.3 km) per day.
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Also known as the Gabès gap, the coastal strip from Gabès to Wadi Akarit from the sea to the Chott el Fedjadj and the northwards ridges extending to the heights of Djebel Tebaga Fatnassa.
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arriving on the first objective and then kept going, despite increasing resistance and delays. An armoured regiment pressed on to Wadi Aisoub beyond the second objective, followed by the
1195:, then swiftly return to force back the Eighth Army. At a meeting with Hitler on 28 November, Rommel discussed the proposal but received only a promise of more supplies. On the night of
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was very slow, although they did secure the entrance to the gap. On the Mareth Line, XXX Corps made some progress but did not break through. On 23 March, Montgomery ordered the
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anti-aircraft batteries, was on the coast, the 1st Luftwaffe Brigade, little stronger than a battalion, was behind the "Giovani Fascisti" and the Panzer Grenadier Regiment
1219:
by the First Army in southern Tunisia. The supply situation was a little better, with 152 long tons (154 t) tons of the 400 long tons (410 t) required daily, but
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1948:
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1495:) were seconded to provide adequate HQ personnel for the new New Zealand Corps, too big for one divisional staff, which caused some friction between the two generals.
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2641:. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945 (online scan ed.). Wellington, NZ: War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs.
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near Zarat. Rain and the nature of the terrain prevented the deployment of tanks, aircraft or anti-tank guns, which left the infantry isolated. A counter-attack by
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between the Matmata Hills and the Djebel Tebaga, another line of high ground to the west of the gap, running east–west. North and west of this feature is the
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intended them to hold the line indefinitely but Rommel considered it too vulnerable to another flanking move, unlike the Wadi Akarit position further back.
425:
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RAF heavy bombers would begin harassment of the Axis defenders led by General Messe the night before, with attacks on transport and communications until
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in the Gabès area, 120 mi (190 km) further west, where the non-motorised troops could defend a narrow gap between the Mediterranean and the
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1943:
1934:
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1967:
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The corps was disbanded and its elements were distributed between X and XXX corps. On 30 March, Montgomery sent the following message to Freyberg,
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February, the last Axis soldiers left Libya and on 15 February, the rearguard reached the Mareth Line, 80 mi (130 km) inside Tunisia.
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2603:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. IV (Naval & Military Press, Uckfield ed.). London: HMSO.
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2784:. The U.S. Army in World War II (online scan ed.). Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History Department of the Army.
1978:
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Day bombers would then begin low-altitude pattern bombing, to add to Axis disorganisation, followed by relays of fighter-bombers every
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The New Zealand Corps engaged the Axis troops in the Tebaga Gap on 21 March but progress over the next four days against the
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to an area 3,000 yd (2,700 m) beyond the New Zealand Corps final objective and as soon as the moon rose (at about
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Hills via Wilder's Gap, into the Jebel Dahar, with the assembly of the force concealed from Axis reconnaissance. Staff from
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Operation Supercharge II was planned to start on the afternoon of 26 March, with a preliminary operation on the night of
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2140:). For the first time, German units came under Italian command, albeit with a German "liaison" officer, Major-General
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was planned. Montgomery reinforced the flanking attack, which from 26 to 31 March, forced the 1st Army to retreat to
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on 29 December but it was poorly fortified, wide open to an outflanking manoeuvre and vulnerable to an attack on
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1290:. Gabès lies on the coast, where the plain meets the route from the Tebaga Gap. North of Gabès, the road to
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1955:
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many from the 50th Northumbrian Infantry Division and a large number of tanks; the New Zealand Corps lost
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and on 2 February, made contact with the First Army advancing from the west. Montgomery reinforced the
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of southern Tunisia, with difficult rocky ridge lines and desert, limited manoeuvre; opposite the
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1513:, which overlooks the coast road north of Gabès. The flank of the advance was to be protected by
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resumed its retreat, and despite its chronic fuel shortage, evaded another outflanking move. The
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and only 50 long tons (51 t) of the 400 long tons (410 t) of supplies it needed daily.
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2782:"The Mediterranean Theatre of Operations: Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West"
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had made a maximum effort with little effect against the Allied anti-aircraft defence and the
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around the inland end of the line, coinciding with a wide left hook manoeuvre by Montgomery.
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2573:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. IV. London:
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The Axis forces, despite withdrawing in relatively good order to Wadi Akarit, lost over
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from October 1942) took place from 5 November 1942 to 15 February 1943. On 8 November,
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On 31 March, Operation Supercharge II was terminated, having cost the Eighth Army
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A captured German and a wounded British soldier share a cigarette after the battle
17:
1668:. The attack began with the 8th Armoured Brigade, followed by infantry battalion
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The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa
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on 6 March 1943. The operation was intended to delay an attack by the British
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By dark a gap in the defences had been made; pausing until moonrise at
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to threaten Axis communications and pin down reinforcements from Sfax.
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in Rome and OKW in Berlin took an optimistic view of the situation and
86:
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would escort the bombers and fighter-bombers and the remainder of the
1212:
2500:"Axis Order of Battle 10 June 1940 - The Italian Invasion of France"
410:
64:
field gun in action at night, during the assault on the Mareth Line
1778:
1719:
1679:
1612:
1497:
1483:) and renamed it the New Zealand Corps, for an attack through the
1472:
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1157:
1113:
2839:] (in Italian) (4th ed.). Padova: Editrice La Lucciola.
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1223:
of the fuel had been used distributing supplies or in retreat.
1029:). It was the first big operation by the Eighth Army since the
551:
414:
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covering events in NW Africa, 8 November 1942 – 13 May 1943".
1870:
One Battery 53rd Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
1503:
Mareth Line and attacks by Eighth Army on it during March 1943
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and the "Giovani Fascisti" on 22 March recaptured much of the
1310:
and into the Matmata Hills beyond. In 1938, the French judged
2549:
The German Army 1933–1945: its Political and Military Failure
1618:
An Italian pilot climbs into a Macchi 202 during the battle
2532:. London: The Bodley Head (for the Army Records Society).
2063:
Division, were the only mobile infantry groups available.
1688:
of the 1st Armoured Division enter El Hamma, 29 March 1943
2708:(1946). "Official despatch by Kenneth Anderson, GOC-in-C
2171:
2169:
2059:
watched the main Gabès–Mareth road. These and the 164th
2910:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Greece
1199:
the British attacked and on the following evening, the
2860:
Northwest Africa, Chapter XXVII, Mareth to Enfidaville
1509:
possible afterwards. The corps would then advance to
2885:
Battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
1528:
The planning emphasized surprise and the ability to
1417:
advancing during the Battle of the Mareth Line, 1943
1059:, another 40 mi (64 km) back in Tunisia.
2801:
2737:(Supplement). 5 November 1946. pp. 5449–5464.
2073:List of British military equipment of World War II
1345:/Operation Capri), was an Axis spoiling attack at
1179:. The tanks and motorised infantry would join the
2676:. The US Army Campaigns of WWII. Washington, DC:
2083:List of German military equipment of World War II
2078:List of French military equipment of World War II
2656:– via New Zealand Electronic Text Centre.
1744:
36:
2088:List of Italian Army equipment in World War II
1092:began in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, as the
2890:Battles of World War II involving New Zealand
2678:United States Army Center of Military History
1664:and the Allied artillery commenced firing at
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8:
2571:Grand Strategy: August 1942 – September 1943
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1438:) managed to penetrate the line held by the
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1286:country and then the impassable sand of the
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1949:136th Armoured Division "Giovani Fascisti"
1440:136th Armoured Division "Giovani Fascisti"
570:
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33:
2895:Battles of World War II involving Germany
1266:hills and the line of forts ended at the
2905:Battles of World War II involving France
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1867:57th Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery
1539:of the First Army would advance through
1187:) further north, drive back the British
27:Battle of World War II fought in Tunisia
2900:Battles of World War II involving Italy
2763:The Mareth Line 1943: The End in Africa
2744:Italian Soldier in North Africa 1941–43
2673:Tunisia 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943
2551:. Briarcliff Manor, NY: Stein and Day.
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2635:Stevens, Major-General W. G. (1962).
1814:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division
1432:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division
7:
2126:On 23 February 1943 the name of the
1651:Northwest African Tactical Air Force
1430:) commenced Operation Pugilist. The
1413: – Painting of the
2622:. Panther Books. London: Hamilton.
1589:was to attack on the right and the
1278:and west of the Matmata Hills, dry
1051:, an outflanking manoeuvre via the
2132:was changed for the last time, to
1973:80th Infantry Division "La Spezia"
1944:101st Motorised Division "Trieste"
1842:(Lieut.-General Bernard Freyberg)
25:
1968:16th Motorised Division "Pistoia"
1819:51st (Highland) Infantry Division
2742:Battistelli, Pier Paolo (2013).
2593:Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.
1887:(Lieut.-General Brian Horrocks)
1798:(General Sir Bernard Montgomery)
1211:took up a defensive position at
1079:Deutsch-Italienische Panzerarmee
357:
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325:
314:
301:
287:
276:
265:
252:
227:
212:
196:
184:
171:
157:
143:
54:
2826:– via Archive Foundation.
2688:. CMH Pub 72-12. Archived from
2506:from the original on 2010-01-02
2098:North African campaign timeline
1458:) would make a night attack on
1415:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders
1294:passes between the sea and the
2530:Montgomery and the Eighth Army
1085:Armata Corazzata Italo-Tedesca
1:
2706:Anderson, Lt.-General Kenneth
2670:Anderson, Charles R. (1990).
2618:Schmid, Heinz Werner (1955).
1903:, less King's Dragoon Guards)
1593:on the left, preceded by the
2804:Rommel as Military Commander
2103:List of World War II Battles
1824:4th Indian Infantry Division
1452:4th Indian Infantry Division
1171:Rommel wanted to retreat to
1068:Axis retreat from El Alamein
1031:Second Battle of El Alamein
2931:
2831:Mugnone, Giuseppe (1962).
1901:4th Light Armoured Brigade
1675:23rd New Zealand Battalion
1662:21st New Zealand Battalion
1332:
2620:With Rommel in the Desert
1906:Free French Flying Column
1857:1st King's Dragoon Guards
1602:, was to move through at
1523:1st King's Dragoon Guards
1021:held by the Italo-German
995:Battle of the Mareth Line
589:
452:
390:
369:
338:
244:
135:
68:
53:
41:
37:Battle of the Mareth Line
2833:I ragazzi di Bir el Gobi
2780:Howe, George F. (1957).
2547:Cooper, Matthew (1978).
1916:(General Giovanni Messe)
1847:2nd New Zealand Division
1576:Operation Supercharge II
1477:2nd New Zealand Division
1339:The Battle of Medenine (
1049:Operation Supercharge II
2837:The Lads at Bir el Gobi
2595:; et al. (2004) .
1792:to bomb the Mareth Line
1591:6th New Zealand Brigade
1587:5th New Zealand Brigade
1517:forces (led by General
1228:Long Range Desert Group
594:Western Desert campaign
386:seventy-five 88 mm guns
2128:
2055:
2049:batteries and several
1861:64th Medium Regiment,
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1727:
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1505:
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581:North African campaign
245:Commanders and leaders
2792:– via Hyperwar.
2638:Bardia to Enfidaville
1897:7th Armoured Division
1892:1st Armoured Division
1834:23rd Armoured Brigade
1782:
1723:
1683:
1616:
1610:advance on El Hamma.
1565:1st Armoured Division
1501:
1408:
1185:Hans-Jürgen von Arnim
1161:
1001:was an attack in the
391:Casualties and losses
378:73,500 of 115,000 men
375:90,000 of 123,690 men
2692:on 17 September 2017
2334:, pp. 329, 331.
2028:10th Panzer Division
2017:21st Panzer Division
1996:15th Panzer Division
1852:8th Armoured Brigade
1829:201st Guards Brigade
1600:2nd Armoured Brigade
1595:8th Armoured Brigade
1561:21st Panzer Division
1491:(Lieutenant-General
1479:(Lieutenant-General
1444:15th Panzer Division
1426:(Lieutenant-General
2528:Brooks, S. (1991).
2442:, pp. 248–249.
2418:, pp. 353–354.
2406:, pp. 351–353.
2394:, pp. 350–351.
2382:, pp. 347–349.
2370:, pp. 347–348.
2346:, pp. 178–191.
2310:, pp. 343–344.
2298:, pp. 337–342.
2214:, pp. 392–394.
2202:, pp. 389–392.
2190:, pp. 388–389.
1775:British Eighth Army
1747:all they have done.
1656:Height 184 fell at
1369:Heeresgruppe Afrika
719:Battle of Point 175
104: /
2765:. Oxford: Osprey.
2761:Ford, Ken (2012).
2746:. Oxford: Osprey.
2734:The London Gazette
2714:The London Gazette
2498:Mulholland, John.
2108:Panzer Army Africa
2043:19th Flak Division
1795:
1766:were amalgamated.
1728:
1691:
1621:
1506:
1422:On 19 March 1943,
1420:
1401:Operation Pugilist
1335:Battle of Medenine
1329:Battle of Medenine
1288:Grand Erg Oriental
1191:from Tunisia into
1169:
1153:12 field howitzers
1150:12 anti-tank guns,
1074:Panzer Army Africa
1011:Bernard Montgomery
384:480 anti-tank guns
260:Bernard Montgomery
18:Operation Pugilist
2915:March 1943 events
2875:Tunisian campaign
2823:978-1-84415-040-3
2772:978-1-78200-299-4
2753:978-1-78096-855-1
2610:978-1-84574-068-9
2584:978-0-11-630075-1
2558:978-0-8128-2468-1
2539:978-0-370-31723-6
1840:New Zealand Corps
1786:Martin Baltimores
1732:4,000 casualties,
1567:of Major-General
1384:Regia Aeronautica
1342:Unternehmen Capri
1183:(Colonel-General
1147:16 armoured cars,
1095:Panzeramee Afrika
988:
987:
601:Invasion of Egypt
545:
544:
444:Tunisian campaign
409:
408:
131:
130:
108:33.633°N 10.300°E
16:(Redirected from
2922:
2848:
2827:
2807:
2793:
2776:
2757:
2738:
2725:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2631:
2614:
2597:Butler, J. R. M.
2588:
2562:
2543:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2502:. Axis History.
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2476:Wendel, Marcus.
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2134:1st Italian Army
2131:
2124:
2093:Tunisia Campaign
2058:
2052:
2048:
1911:Italian 1st Army
1876:(with the Greek
1788:taking off from
1764:
1760:
1759:7,000 prisoners,
1753:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1701:
1696:
1667:
1659:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1609:
1605:
1583:
1533:
1519:Philippe Leclerc
1481:Bernard Freyberg
1461:
1390:Desert Air Force
1387:
1379:
1371:
1361:. Forewarned by
1344:
1315:
1285:
1248:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1222:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1124:
1111:
1105:
1097:
1087:
1081:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1025:(led by General
1009:(led by General
1003:Second World War
999:Battle of Mareth
584:
582:
572:
565:
558:
549:
447:
445:
435:
428:
421:
412:
403:
362:
361:
350:
349:
334:
330:
329:
319:
318:
306:
305:
296:
292:
291:
290:
283:Bernard Freyberg
281:
280:
279:
270:
269:
268:
257:
256:
255:
237:
233:
231:
230:
222:
218:
216:
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200:
190:
188:
187:
181:
177:
175:
174:
163:
161:
160:
149:
147:
146:
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
109:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
76:16–31 March 1943
70:
69:
58:
48:Second World War
44:Tunisia Campaign
34:
21:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2865:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2830:
2824:
2814:Pen & Sword
2796:
2779:
2773:
2760:
2754:
2741:
2727:
2704:
2695:
2693:
2669:
2665:
2663:Further reading
2660:
2651:
2649:
2634:
2617:
2611:
2591:
2585:
2565:
2559:
2546:
2540:
2527:
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2497:
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2475:
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2462:
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2446:
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2422:
2414:
2410:
2402:
2398:
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2366:
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2354:
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2342:
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2326:
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2302:
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2270:
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2258:
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2246:
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2234:
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2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2142:Fritz Bayerlein
2125:
2121:
2116:
2069:
2050:
2046:
2045:, with sixteen
1913:
1878:Sacred Squadron
1863:Royal Artillery
1793:
1777:
1772:
1770:Order of battle
1762:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1718:
1713:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1665:
1657:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1607:
1603:
1581:
1578:
1549:
1504:
1468:
1459:
1454:(Major-General
1434:(Major-General
1418:
1403:
1398:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1318:Georges Catroux
1276:Chott el Djerid
1255:
1246:Comando Supremo
1239:
1235:
1231:
1220:
1197:11/12 December,
1196:
1181:5th Panzer Army
1167:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1122:
1109:Comando Supremo
1102:Comando Supremo
1090:Operation Torch
1072:The retreat of
1070:
1065:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1005:by the British
991:
990:
989:
984:
901:
894:
839:
830:
724:2nd Bir el Gubi
714:1st Bir el Gubi
597:
585:
580:
578:
576:
546:
541:
448:
443:
441:
439:
385:
383:
381:
379:
356:
344:
324:
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228:
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213:
211:
210:
195:
194:
185:
183:
182:
172:
170:
169:
158:
156:
144:
142:
127:British victory
112:
110:
106:
103:
98:
95:
93:
91:
90:
89:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2928:
2926:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2854:External links
2852:
2850:
2849:
2828:
2822:
2794:
2777:
2771:
2758:
2752:
2739:
2702:
2666:
2664:
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2658:
2632:
2615:
2609:
2589:
2583:
2563:
2557:
2544:
2538:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2490:
2480:. Axis History
2478:"Italian Army"
2468:
2466:, p. 228.
2456:
2454:, p. 248.
2444:
2432:
2430:, p. 211.
2420:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2358:, p. 347.
2348:
2336:
2324:
2322:, p. 337.
2312:
2300:
2288:
2286:, p. 333.
2276:
2274:, p. 175.
2264:
2262:, p. 133.
2252:
2250:, p. 347.
2240:
2238:, p. 154.
2228:
2226:, p. 315.
2216:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2178:, p. 173.
2164:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2146:
2138:Giovanni Messe
2118:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2061:Leichte Afrika
2039:
2038:
2030:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1986:
1985:
1981:Leichte Afrika
1975:
1970:
1956:XXI Army Corps
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1937:Leichte Afrika
1927:Taddeo Orlando
1918:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1894:
1882:
1881:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1809:Oliver Leese)
1807:Lieut.-General
1800:
1799:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1749:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1686:Crusader tanks
1684:
1617:
1577:
1574:
1569:Raymond Briggs
1548:
1545:
1502:
1493:Brian Horrocks
1467:
1464:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1333:Main article:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1259:broken terrain
1254:
1251:
1165:Giovanni Messe
1162:
1114:Mersa-el-Brega
1076:(known as the
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1027:Giovanni Messe
1017:, against the
986:
985:
983:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
917:
915:Kasserine Pass
912:
907:
895:
893:
892:
885:
880:
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866:
861:
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831:
829:
828:
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790:
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667:Raid on Bardia
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491:
486:
481:
474:
469:
467:Kasserine Pass
464:
459:
453:
450:
449:
440:
438:
437:
430:
423:
415:
407:
406:
397:
393:
392:
388:
387:
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372:
371:
367:
366:
354:
341:
340:
339:Units involved
336:
335:
321:Taddeo Orlando
309:Giovanni Messe
297:
294:Brian Horrocks
247:
246:
242:
241:
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238:
223:
207:
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151:United Kingdom
138:
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113:33.633; 10.300
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2834:
2829:
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2815:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2798:Lewin, Ronald
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2726:published in
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2648:
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2640:
2639:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2616:
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2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
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2580:
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2550:
2545:
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2520:
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2457:
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2445:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2416:Playfair 2004
2412:
2409:
2405:
2404:Playfair 2004
2400:
2397:
2393:
2392:Playfair 2004
2388:
2385:
2381:
2380:Playfair 2004
2376:
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2368:Playfair 2004
2364:
2361:
2357:
2356:Playfair 2004
2352:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2332:Playfair 2004
2328:
2325:
2321:
2320:Playfair 2004
2316:
2313:
2309:
2308:Playfair 2004
2304:
2301:
2297:
2296:Playfair 2004
2292:
2289:
2285:
2284:Playfair 2004
2280:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2224:Playfair 2004
2220:
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2213:
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2029:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:Saharan Group
2006:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:Paolo Berardi
1958:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1922:XX Army Corps
1915:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1879:
1875:
1874:Leclerc Force
1872:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1858:
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1456:Francis Tuker
1453:
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1319:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
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1283:
1277:
1273:
1272:mountain pass
1269:
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1224:
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1214:
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1194:
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1160:
1156:
1137:
1136:
1131:arrived, the
1129:
1123:30,000 mines.
1119:
1115:
1110:
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1103:
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976:
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967:
966:
962:
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948:
947:Longstop Hill
945:
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935:
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930:
928:
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923:
922:
918:
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905:Run for Tunis
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819:Outpost Snipe
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610:
609:
608:
604:
602:
599:
598:
596:
595:
588:
583:
573:
568:
566:
561:
559:
554:
553:
550:
538:
537:
533:
531:
530:
526:
524:
523:
519:
517:
516:
512:
510:
507:
505:
504:Longstop Hill
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
479:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
457:Run for Tunis
455:
454:
451:
446:
436:
431:
429:
424:
422:
417:
416:
413:
404:
399:7,000 (
398:
395:
394:
389:
382:139–220 tanks
377:
374:
373:
368:
365:
360:
355:
353:
348:
343:
342:
337:
333:
332:Paolo Berardi
328:
322:
317:
311:
310:
304:
298:
295:
284:
273:
262:
261:
249:
248:
243:
236:
224:
221:
209:
208:
206:
204:
199:
193:
180:
166:
165:British India
155:
154:
153:
152:
140:
139:
134:
126:
123:
122:
117:
88:
83:
80:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
2836:
2832:
2803:
2762:
2743:
2732:
2713:
2694:. Retrieved
2690:the original
2672:
2650:. Retrieved
2637:
2619:
2600:
2570:
2548:
2529:
2508:. Retrieved
2493:
2482:. Retrieved
2471:
2459:
2452:Stevens 1962
2447:
2440:Stevens 1962
2435:
2423:
2411:
2399:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2351:
2344:Stevens 1962
2339:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2291:
2279:
2272:Stevens 1962
2267:
2260:Stevens 1962
2255:
2243:
2236:Stevens 1962
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2176:Stevens 1962
2149:
2122:
2060:
2040:
2033:
2022:Gafsa front
2021:
2011:Uncommitted
2010:
2001:
2000:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1954:
1953:
1936:
1920:
1919:
1884:
1883:
1839:
1838:
1802:
1801:
1756:
1745:
1729:
1705:
1692:
1655:
1622:
1608:11:15 p.m.),
1579:
1554:
1553:164th Light
1550:
1527:
1507:
1469:
1436:John Nichols
1428:Oliver Leese
1421:
1410:
1338:
1300:
1256:
1225:
1177:Chott Djerid
1170:
1135:Afrika Korps
1071:
998:
994:
992:
978:
971:
964:
957:
931:
920:
910:Sidi Bou Zid
896:
888:
883:Port Lyautey
876:
869:
857:
850:
843:
834:
832:
807:
798:
784:
777:
770:
763:
748:Mersa Matruh
707:
700:
693:
686:
679:
672:Twin Pimples
655:
623:Sidi Barrani
613:Fort Capuzzo
606:
592:
535:
528:
521:
514:
488:
477:
462:Sidi Bou Zid
307:
272:Oliver Leese
258:
141:
136:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
2729:"No. 37779"
2464:Schmid 1955
2428:Brooks 1991
2248:Howard 1972
2212:Cooper 1978
2200:Cooper 1978
2188:Cooper 1978
2129:Panzerarmee
2041:The German
1899:(including
1790:Ben Gardane
1695:11:00 p.m.,
1582:25/26 March
1537:II US Corps
1515:Free French
1460:23/24 March
1359:Mareth Line
1355:Eighth Army
1313:Jebel Dahar
1282:Jebel Dahar
1221:95 per cent
1208:Panzerarmee
1202:Panzerarmee
1173:Wadi Akarit
1128:Panzerarmee
1057:Wadi Akarit
1019:Mareth Line
1007:Eighth Army
972:Retribution
942:Wadi Akarit
932:Mareth Line
814:2nd Alamein
753:1st Alamein
656:Sonnenblume
529:Retribution
499:Wadi Akarit
489:Mareth Line
352:Eighth Army
192:Free France
179:New Zealand
111: /
2880:Code names
2869:Categories
2716:. London.
2710:First Army
2567:Howard, M.
2521:References
2510:2009-10-04
2484:2009-10-04
1763:2,500 were
1752:Montgomery
1716:Casualties
1700:9:00 a.m.,
1629:15 minutes
1547:Tebaga Gap
1541:El Guettar
1521:) and the
1448:bridgehead
1268:Tebaga Gap
1240:57 Italian
1189:First Army
1141:5,000 men,
1118:El Agheila
1112:chose the
1063:Background
1053:Tebaga Gap
937:El Guettar
921:Ochsenkopf
864:Casablanca
858:Blackstone
826:El Agheila
793:Camouflage
758:Alam Halfa
741:Bir Hakeim
494:El Guettar
478:Ochsenkopf
62:25-pounder
60:A British
2790:431976022
2722:0374-3721
2686:835850360
2161:Footnotes
2136:(General
1959:(General
1925:(General
1803:XXX Corps
1711:Aftermath
1666:4:00 p.m.
1658:2:50 a.m.
1647:Spitfires
1625:3:30 p.m.
1604:6:15 p.m.
1466:Left hook
1424:XXX Corps
1411:Zero Hour
1376:Luftwaffe
1236:36 German
1232:450 tanks
1144:35 tanks,
1139:had only
1125:When the
889:Brushwood
870:Reservist
764:Agreement
731:Fort Lamy
694:Battleaxe
638:Beda Fomm
472:Sedjenane
85:Southern
2845:81301705
2810:Barnsley
2800:(2004).
2652:10 March
2628:67441147
2569:(1972).
2504:Archived
2067:See also
2034:Centauro
1983:Division
1939:Division
1761:of whom
1750:—
1740:945 men.
1736:51 tanks
1670:carriers
1557:Division
1511:El Hamma
1347:Medenine
1234:against
1163:General
1023:1st Army
952:Hill 609
927:Medenine
877:Terminal
844:Flagpole
808:Braganza
701:Crusader
687:Skorpion
650:Giarabub
509:Hill 609
484:Medenine
380:455 guns
370:Strength
364:1st Army
81:Location
2696:29 June
2647:4377202
2599:(ed.).
2026:German
2015:German
1994:German
1989:Reserve
1977:German
1933:German
1885:X Corps
1660:to the
1645:hours.
1640:⁄
1489:X Corps
1485:Matmata
1357:on the
1351:Tunisia
1324:Prelude
1308:Toujane
1253:Terrain
1193:Algeria
1041:⁄
1015:Tunisia
997:or the
898:Tunisia
851:Kingpin
799:Bertram
778:Caravan
708:Flipper
680:Brevity
633:Mechili
618:Nibeiwa
607:Compass
235:Germany
99:10°18′E
96:33°38′N
87:Tunisia
46:of the
2843:
2820:
2788:
2769:
2750:
2720:
2684:
2645:
2626:
2607:
2581:
2555:
2536:
2056:Afrika
2002:Tebaga
1979:164th
1555:Afrika
1396:Battle
1296:chotts
1213:Buerat
979:Strike
958:Vulcan
785:Nicety
771:Bigamy
736:Gazala
662:Tobruk
628:Bardia
536:Strike
515:Vulcan
232:
217:
203:Greece
189:
176:
162:
148:
124:Result
2835:[
2114:Notes
2051:20 mm
2047:88 mm
2036:Group
1935:90th
1531:Blitz
1473:Gafsa
1363:Ultra
1304:Zarat
1263:bight
1217:Gabès
1013:) in
835:Torch
645:Kufra
396:4,000
220:Italy
2841:OCLC
2818:ISBN
2786:OCLC
2767:ISBN
2748:ISBN
2718:ISSN
2698:2010
2682:OCLC
2654:2015
2643:OCLC
2624:OCLC
2605:ISBN
2579:ISBN
2575:HMSO
2553:ISBN
2534:ISBN
1784:RAF
1738:and
1631:for
1585:the
1559:and
1380:and
1292:Sfax
1270:, a
1257:The
1238:and
1226:The
993:The
965:Flax
522:Flax
73:Date
1349:in
1306:to
402:POW
2871::
2816:.
2812::
2808:.
2731:.
2680:.
2577:.
2168:^
1963:)
1929:)
2847:.
2775:.
2756:.
2724:.
2700:.
2630:.
2613:.
2587:.
2561:.
2542:.
2513:.
2487:.
2144:.
1880:)
1805:(
1642:2
1638:1
1635:+
1633:2
1366:(
1116:–
1082:/
1043:2
1039:1
1036:+
1034:4
571:e
564:t
557:v
434:e
427:t
420:v
405:)
20:)
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