299:
990:
off, the withdrawal was to be made on foot. Orders had been given to destroy the five artillery guns, the 11 120mm mortars and all ammunition dumps at
Elephant Pass, before having the troops withdraw on foot northwards. An unauthorized attempt was made to move the guns and in the process these were captured by the LTTE. At 6:00 pm on 20 April 2000, the withdrawal began with troops crossing across LTTE-controlled areas to make it to the army's Soranpattu-Palai line. Maj. Gen. Egodawela crossed over in a tank and his deputy Brigadier
1020:
930:(8th Gajaba) had suffered 150 killed from its strength of 400. The brigade HQ based at the old Paranthan chemical factory provided artillery support; however, communications were disrupted after several army radio sets were captured by the LTTE and they began jamming radio frequencies. A few days later the army withdrew to the second line of defense at the brigade HQ, which was abandoned, and a new defense line was formed. The army was running short on food and reinforcements as casualties mounted. Reinforced by the
905:
814:
126:
137:
1011:, 12 120mm mortars, one 25 mm cannon, several .50-cal. machine guns, hundreds of rocket-propelled grenades and thousands of automatic rifles. The Tigers also captured several armored vehicles, tanks, military trucks, bulldozers and high-tech communication systems. The Battle of Elephant Pass is considered as the largest military débacle in the history of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces.
1090:
land over which their forces had to advance. The LTTE had registered all its artillery and mortars onto this area. In addition, it had extensively booby-trapped the strips of land, rendering them extremely dangerous for armored units. Although the army claimed that it managed to advance well into the LTTE lines, heavy casualties forced a withdrawal to its original positions.
306:
1043:. The fear was that the Tigers, with their rapid mobility and artillery firepower, could quickly take over the entire peninsula. With the possibility of the army facing an irreversible catastrophe in Jaffna, President Kumaratunga requested India to help evacuate the army from Jaffna, but India declined. Barely days before the fall of the Elephant Pass base, President
953:, who had been the Commander, SFHQ-J from 11 November 1999 to 12 December 1999, had retired and been succeeded by Maj. Gen. Nihal Jayakody, who died on 19 January 2000 after having suffered a heart attack. He was succeeded by Maj. Gen. A.M.C.W.B. Senewirathna. In March, Weerasooriya appointed Maj. Gen.
977:
dumps. The capture of
Iyakachchi proved to be a major tactical move, since located at Iyakachchi were the only freshwater wells that supplied Elephant Pass and Paranthan. The 54 Division under Maj. Gen. Egodawela attempted to recapture Iyakachchi from the south, but failed. Two fresh battalions—the
1076:
Commander; the former had insisted on the latter. The LTTE pushed towards Jaffna, but in the following large-scale battles along defense lines that offered little tactical leverage, they suffered heavy casualties in confrontations with Sri Lankan forces that were well equipped with heavy artillery,
981:
and the 9th Gajaba—were airlifted from
Vavuniya to Palay and sent from the road to attack the LTTE front line in Iyakachchi. The battalions breached the first line but got trapped in the no-mans-land between the LTTE first and second lines, taking heavy casualties. When the 9th Gajaba withdrew the
1089:
On 3 September 2000 the army mounted a massive counteroffensive, named "Agni Keila", to retake some of the LTTE-held territories to the south of its defensive lines, but after advancing a few kilometers the troops met heavy resistance. The army was hampered by the presence of two narrow strips of
989:
of water, but it had broken down and not been repaired. Finding the situation at
Elephant Pass untenable due to the lack of fresh water, the order was given by Maj. Gen. Perera to Maj. Gen. Egodawela to withdraw the 54 Division from Elephant Pass. Since the main road linking the base had been cut
976:
stormed into the
Iyakkachchi military base in the early hours of the morning in a multi-pronged assault and overran the well-fortified camp after several hours of intense fighting. LTTE rebels penetrated the central base, destroying several artillery pieces, tanks, armored vehicles and ammunition
922:
bombardment on the forward defense line at
Paranthan with all of their artillery and armor, much of which they had captured from the army in past battles. The army had deployed three infantry battalions to defend Paranthan and these suffered heavy casualties in the first days of the battle. The
921:
which had been deployed there. LTTE cadres began to infiltrate the defense line and army commando teams were sent in to counter these invitations; skirmishing continued until the army withdrew to a new defense line around
Iyakachchi junction. At this point the LTTE launched a massive artillery
895:
changed his strategy to take
Elephant Pass by gradually encircling and weakening the troops inside, cutting off supplies and, in effect, strangling the base. The idea was to avoid a frontal assault that would have led to the loss of many LTTE lives, since the army had numerical and logistical
1003:, Col. Harish Hewarachchi and Lt. Col. Hewage Hewawasam. As soon as the army withdrew from Elephant Pass, the LTTE moved in and took over the complex. The LTTE women's brigade chief, Lakshiya, was reported killed in the fighting. In the battle the LTTE was able to capture three long-range
938:, opening up a third front from west of Elephant Pass. Highly accurate artillery and mortar bombardment from the LTTE caused heavy casualties among commando units sent to stop the LTTE infiltrations from Pooneryn; 8th Gajaba, which had been moved to Vettalankerny, was down to 94 soldiers.
1085:
and
Nagarkovil defensive lines after suffering heavy losses from artillery and airstrikes. Although the fall of Elephant Pass was seen as a great triumph, a series of setbacks highlighted LTTE's weakness against conventional military forces in regular conflict.
836:. The Jaffna-Kandy road, the A-9 Highway and the railway line to Jaffna run through Elephant Pass, making the narrow strip of land in a sense the gateway to Jaffna. Elephant Pass has been home to a strategic military base since 1760, when the
1093:
In 2006 fighting renewed for control of the Jaffna peninsula. Sri Lankan troops and Tamil Tiger rebels fought pitched battles for control of the peninsula, which left hundreds dead in a matter of months. In a major offensive launched by the
994:
remained behind to move with the troops, commanding the rear guard for a fighting withdrawal. Over 300 troops were killed and 500 wounded in the withdrawal, including the senior officers of the 54 Division—Brigadier Percy
Fernando, Col.
916:
LTTE planned Operation Unceasing Waves III with the objective of taking control of the peninsula and launched its first stage on 11 December 1999 with seaward landings at Vettalankerny east of Elephant Pass, engaging the
863:
In 1991 the LTTE made their first attempt to take the Elephant Pass base. The attack failed and the Tigers suffered over 500 casualties. Elephant Pass remained under government control, although much of the
872:
the Sri Lankan military recaptured the Jaffna Peninsula and Elephant Pass became the southern flank of the Sri Lankan forces in Jaffna. It became the springboard for several offensives, such as
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298:
558:
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969:
to Jaffna under the command of Maj. Gen. Sivali Wanigasekara to boaster the 30,000 troops already in Jaffna, the move taking over a month to complete by sea and air.
538:
1031:
reported that 758 soldiers had been killed, 2,368 had been wounded and 349 were missing since the battle for Elephant Pass started on 22 April. Opposition leader
945:
carried out several changes to the command structure following reports of low morale among troops in Jaffna. At this time there was a series of Commanders of the
497:
1233:
880:
in 1998, Elephant Pass once again became the southern flank of the Sri Lankan forces in Jaffna. By late 1999, the forward defense line of Elephant Pass was at
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75:
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374:
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superiority. The Elephant Pass isthmus is of strategic importance, as it links the northern mainland known as Wanni with the Jaffna Peninsula.
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884:. By this time the Sri Lanka Army base at Elephant Pass had been expanded with a complex of military installations under the command of the
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1420:
421:
1539:
581:
338:
1524:
425:
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next day it had suffered over 70 dead and 600 wounded—its fighting capacity had been reduced to 100 from 800 in a matter of hours.
934:, this line held, and the LTTE began infiltrating it with cadres dressed in army uniform. The LTTE thereafter made a landing from
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949:(SFHQ-J) the apex command of the Jaffna sector including Elephant Pass which had been under siege for months. Maj. Gen.
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claimed that 300 soldiers had been captured by the LTTE, and in later days they handed over 126 bodies to the
966:
923:
885:
748:
723:
596:
384:
1027:
Fighting continued until mid-May for control of the Jaffna peninsula, and by 9 May Deputy Defence Minister
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1000:
763:
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624:
466:
218:
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926:
had been moved to the Elephant Pass sector and its units dispersed along the fronts. The 8th Battalion,
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451:
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728:
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air support and superior numbers. Despite gaining footholds in the areas of Chavekachechri and
950:
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1039:. The progress of the LTTE raised concerns about the future of around 35,000 troops in the
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1051:
927:
230:
1069:
991:
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849:
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1518:
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954:
798:
548:
362:
242:
65:
1493:
1476:
1464:
986:
918:
553:
543:
125:
845:
533:
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maintained a detachment at Elephant Pass, having established a permanent base.
797:), was fought in April 2000 for the control of the Sri Lankan military base in
909:
892:
609:
1432:
265:
90:
77:
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69:
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to the rest of the mainland by a narrow strip of land and is known as the
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935:
482:
1444:
1073:
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226:
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1323:, Volume 17 - Issue 10, May. 13–26, 2000, Retrieved 29 March 2015
1263:(10). Frontline. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008.
1036:
841:
330:
486:
334:
1200:. 10 May 2000. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008
1435:, By Tissa Ravindra Perera, The Nation, Accessed 17-06-2015
1047:
made some abrupt changes in the defense structure; retired
1423:, by Shamindra Ferdinando, The Island, Accessed 17-06-2015
824:
destroyed at Elephant Pass in the earlier part of the war.
1421:
Lanka’s Geneva defence: Course correction needed urgently
972:
In April 2000 the LTTE breached the Vettalankerny line.
868:
fell to LTTE control in the early 1990s. In 1995, in
305:
844:
there, which was later rebuilt and garrisoned by the
1054:
was placed in overall charge of the three services,
1234:"Operation Unceasing Waves - The Mullaitivu Battle"
1098:, Elephant Pass was recaptured on 9 January 2009.
1409:Plea for India to rescue 40,000 Sri Lankan troops
965:as Commander, SFHQ-J. Weerasooriya also sent the
31:
1445:We built too many walls and not enough bridges
1331:
1329:
1349:
1347:
498:
346:
8:
1461:SF – from Best Commander to Prisoner 022032
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353:
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28:
985:The camp was equipped with machinery for
1081:, the LTTE was forced to retreat to the
1133:
1023:The post war monument at Elephant Pass.
891:Given these circumstances, LTTE leader
1277:
1266:
1211:
941:In March 2000 Army Commander Lt. Gen.
1477:A fearless defender of the Motherland
947:Security Forces Headquarters – Jaffna
7:
1123:List of Sri Lankan Civil War battles
959:Overall Operational Commander, North
1411:, The Guardian, Accessed 17-06-2015
1388:"Sri Lankan Air Force Bombs Rebels"
888:with over 5000 personnel attached.
25:
1494:"Army 'takes key Sri Lanka pass'"
1005:152 mm Type 66 gun-howitzers
426:Battle of Kanakarayankulam (1997)
1386:GANGULY, DILIP (25 April 2000).
795:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
304:
297:
142:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
135:
124:
208:Lt. Col. Hewage Hewawasam
1370:Royalists honoured for bravery
1354:SLA admits loss of Iyakkachchi
787:Second Battle of Elephant Pass
564:Bombings and terrorist attacks
32:Second Battle of Elephant Pass
1:
1433:I know nothing about politics
1257:"The taking of Elephant Pass"
1194:"The taking of Elephant Pass"
1108:First Battle of Elephant Pass
1009:122 mm Type 60 howitzers
791:Operation Unceasing Waves III
43:Operation Unceasing Waves III
18:Operation Unceasing Waves III
1336:Chandraprema, C. A. (2012).
1118:Operation Unceasing Waves II
932:3rd Sri Lanka Light Infantry
793:(ஓயாத அலைகள் மூன்று) by the
320:Northern Province, Sri Lanka
1374:Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)
1317:The taking of Elephant Pass
1255:D.B.S. JEYARAJ (May 2000).
1113:Operation Unceasing Waves I
694:Central Bus Station bombing
199:Col. Harish Hewarachi
1556:
1049:Chief of the Defence Staff
247:Lt. Colonel Lakshiya
1540:April 2000 events in Asia
1451:, Retrieved 31 March 2015
1218:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
852:. Since the start of the
848:in 1776 and later by the
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370:
292:
275:
258:
147:
118:
48:
36:
1525:Battles of Eelam War III
1483:, Retrieved 4 April 2015
1467:, Retrieved 4 April 2015
1447:, By Keerthi Ratnayaka,
1376:, Retrieved 4 April 2015
1360:, Retrieved 4 April 2014
908:LTTE cadres embarking a
828:Elephant Pass links the
1481:Daily News (Sri Lanka)
1463:, By Rasika Jayakody,
1287:CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1276:Cite journal requires
1096:Sri Lanka Armed Forces
1024:
1001:Rohitha Neil Akmeemana
913:
878:recaptured Kilinochchi
825:
764:Dehiwala train bombing
569:Other military attacks
559:Battles and operations
288:LTTE Claim: 35 killed
219:Velupillai Prabhakaran
148:Commanders and leaders
1045:Chandrika Kumaratunga
1022:
907:
816:
650:Massacre of policemen
276:Casualties and losses
130:Military of Sri Lanka
1340:. Colombo: Piyasiri.
1244:on 15 December 2007.
1033:Ranil Wickramasinghe
997:Bhathiya Jayatilleka
854:Sri Lankan Civil War
822:Daimler Armoured Car
759:Central Bank bombing
704:Kent and Dollar Farm
660:Air Lanka Flight 512
655:1991 Kokkadichcholai
516:Sri Lankan Civil War
422:Thandikulam–Omanthai
375:Sooraya and Ranasuru
318:Location of base in
315:class=notpageimage|
239:Colonel Karuna Amman
175:Bhathiya Jayatilleka
39:Sri Lankan civil war
1238:www.tamileelam.info
943:Srilal Weerasooriya
874:Operation Sath Jaya
539:Indian intervention
155:Srilal Weerasooriya
87: /
1449:Sri Lanka Guardian
1029:Anuruddha Ratwatte
1025:
914:
870:Operation Riviresa
826:
769:1989 Valvettiturai
729:Lionair Flight 602
670:Aluth Oya massacre
640:Eastern University
620:1985 Valvettiturai
437:Kilinochchi (1998)
158:Maj. Gen Egodawela
1535:2000 in Sri Lanka
1530:Conflicts in 2000
1319:, D.B.S. JEYARAJ
1063:Northern Province
951:Sarath Munasinghe
876:. After the LTTE
834:Gateway to Jaffna
782:
781:
774:Habarana massacre
719:Kattankudi mosque
615:Kokkilai massacre
480:
479:
462:2nd Elephant Pass
395:Mullaitivu (1996)
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16:(Redirected from
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1500:. 9 January 2009
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1240:. Archived from
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1173:www.tamilnet.com
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1147:www.tamilnet.com
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919:2nd Gemunu Watch
866:Jaffna Peninsula
830:Jaffna Peninsula
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56:22–23 April 2000
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754:Jaffna Hospital
645:1990 Batticaloa
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1065:Commander and
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992:Percy Fernando
963:Sarath Fonseka
961:and Maj. Gen.
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162:Percy Fernando
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1059:Janaka Perera
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1390:. apnews.com
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987:desalination
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789:(code-named
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739:October 1995
709:Anuradhapura
630:Akkaraipattu
597:Sooriyakanda
554:Eelam War IV
544:Eelam War II
472:Bandaranaike
461:
283:100+ missing
281:1000+ killed
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119:Belligerents
110:LTTE victory
37:Part of the
26:
967:55 Division
924:53 Division
886:54 Division
714:Aranthalawa
576:Mass graves
534:Eelam War I
528:Main topics
457:A-9 highway
418:Jayasikurui
413:Vavunathivu
94: /
1519:Categories
1504:10 January
1338:Gota's Wat
1204:10 January
1198:HinduOnNet
1169:"TamilNet"
1167:TamilNet.
1143:"TamilNet"
1141:TamilNet.
1129:References
910:Sea Tigers
893:Prabakaran
838:Portuguese
809:Background
684:Allaipiddy
680:Nagerkovil
635:Prawn farm
610:Black July
467:Rivikirana
447:Oddusuddan
408:Pulukunawa
1394:4 October
1321:Frontline
1214:cite news
1083:Muhamalai
1061:was made
1015:Aftermath
979:1st Sinha
882:Paranthan
734:Kallarawa
604:Massacres
592:Mirusuvil
587:Duraiappa
442:Rana Gosa
432:Rivi bala
399:Sath Jaya
153:Lt. Gen.
70:Sri Lanka
1479:, SPUR,
1358:TamilNet
1178:15 April
1152:15 April
1102:See also
1079:Ariyalai
936:Pooneryn
840:built a
744:Gonagala
689:Vankalai
625:Kumudini
582:Chemmani
452:Kinihira
390:Riviresa
264:~40,000
259:Strength
61:Location
999:, Col.
957:as the
850:British
403:Edibala
251:†
212:†
203:†
194:†
181:†
168:†
82:80°24′E
79:09°31′N
1074:Jaffna
1007:, two
900:Battle
856:, the
803:Jaffna
699:Muttur
675:Navaly
269:~1200
190:
177:
164:
160:Brig.
107:Result
912:boat.
846:Dutch
186:Col.
173:Col.
1506:2009
1396:2021
1289:link
1282:help
1220:link
1206:2009
1180:2018
1154:2018
1072:the
1067:Gen.
1056:Gen.
1037:ICRC
842:fort
819:SLAC
785:The
53:Date
1498:BBC
1521::
1496:.
1372:,
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