149:
249:
235:
553:
leave. At the porch there was a sled. We sat down in it, rode thirty meters, and we saw that the school was on fire. It was first doused with gasoline and then fired on with incendiary bullets. The barn with the men was also set on fire. Those trying to get out through the windows or the roof were shot. Women began to scream, and the policeman took the whip and began to hit hard and scream: "Be quiet, or I'll shoot!"
545:, and the populace themselves had resisted the invaders desperately. The most famous episode was the fight of ninety Soviet Latvian partisans against four Latvian punitive battalions supported by tanks and aircraft, on the hill Apsu Kalny. To rescue civilians, the command of the Soviet 6th air army carried out an air operation, during which eight to eleven thousand people were evacuated to Soviet territory.
25:
482:
The executions were carried out in the villagers' own homes, with the bodies covered in straw and the houses set on fire. Evidence from
Russian sources indicates that many were deliberately burned alive. The rest, mostly women and children, were sent on foot to the place of the so-called "second
552:
We gathered and were led along the road. Crossed the river, and there on the tanks, the SS and the dogs. They drove us to the village
Kulakovo. Women with children were placed in the local school, men inside the barn. Then the interpreter tells us and two other families who were sitting nearby to
581:
district house of culture held a literary-musical composition "St. Aswe
Complaints" with poems by Belarusian poets and memories shared by witnesses. In the village Osveya near the mound of Immortality a meeting of war veterans, youth, and the public was held, which was addressed by politicians,
857:(Сборник документов с комментариями ed.). Минск - Москва: Департамент по архивам и делопроизводству Министерства юстиции Республики Беларусь, Национальный архив Республики Беларусь, Белорусский государственный архив кинофотофонодокументов, фонд «Историческая память». pp. 93–127.
557:
She recalled that they were transported by train to
Salaspils concentration camp. No food or water was given them during the transport, and small children died on the way. At a stop in Daugavpils, they asked passers-by to throw the snow through the window into the train coach.
422:) was an anti-partisan operation from 15 February to 30 March 1943 aimed at creating a depopulated zone of 30–40 km (19–25 mi) along the Belarusian–Latvian border. It was mainly conducted by Latvian collaborators under German command in northern Belarus and in
680:
The following units were later added: the
Ukrainian and Lithuanian police battalions of the German police company of the SS, the German motorized gendarmerie platoon and attached to Einsatzkommando of the security police and the SD.
848:"Дневные сообщения командования боевых групп Берта и Илтиса об участии 276-го, 277-го, 278-го и 279-го латышских полицейских батальонов в карательной операции «Зимнее волшебство» за период с 16 февраля по 25 марта 1943 года"
506:
and work in Latvia and
Germany. The remaining people were burned in houses, a large group of people was driven into a barn that was then set on fire. Among those killed were Roman Catholic priests
514:. The former was burned alongside the rest of the residents of the village, the other was shot for persistent requests to save the children (or, according to other sources also burned). In 1999,
569:, 439 villages were burnt down or 70 partisans and about 10-12 thousands of local inhabitants were killed, including women and children and a "dead zone" to a width of 15 km was established.
136:
530:
383:
932:[On the participation of the Latvian SS Legion in war crimes, 1941-1945, and attempts to revise the Nuremberg Trials sentence in Latvia (Reference Information)].
1081:
677:
The total number of
Einsatzkommando of the security police and the SD were 210 people. The total strength of the forces involved in the operation was about 4000 people.
1086:
1076:
930:"ОБ УЧАСТИИ ЛАТЫШСКОГО ЛЕГИОНА СС В ВОЕННЫХ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯХ В 1941-1945 ГГ. И ПОПЫТКАХ ПЕРЕСМОТРА В ЛАТВИИ ПРИГОВОРА НЮРНБЕРГСКОГО ТРИБУНАЛА (СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ)"
328:
42:
565:, during this operation 221 partisans and about 3,900 local inhabitants were killed, over 7,000 were deported for forced labor or imprisoned to
307:
1059:
972:
862:
1035:
Latviešu policijas bataljoni lielajās partizānu apkarošanas akcijās 1942. un 1943. gadā // Totalitārie okupācijas režīmi Latvijā 1940−1964.
934:
654:
O. Original German units and
Ukrainian police battalion were not included in the composition of combat groups, serving as reserve command.
431:
148:
1051:«Зимнее волшебство»: нацистская карательная операция в белорусско-латвийском приграничье, февраль — март 1943 г. Документы и материалы.
1010:
899:
89:
1042:
108:
446:
The operation was to establish a buffer zone devoid of people and settlements to a width of 40 km between Drissa in the South
61:
68:
46:
929:
773:
583:
566:
562:
484:
390:
140:
75:
483:
sluicing"; those who were exhausted on the way were shot. Modular camps people were sent to other camps, including
1001:
723:
542:
333:
312:
57:
602:
961:"Зимнее волшебство" нацистская карательная операция в белорусско-латвийском приграничье, февраль — март 1943 г.
807:
302:
192:
743:
474:(Belarus, Russia). This depopulated area was to deprive the partisans of their strong points and resources.
435:
317:
35:
594:
The operation was supervised by the Higher SS and Police Leader of the Baltic region SS-Obergruppenführer
548:
Surviving witness
Valentin Martsinkevich, who was ten years old at the time of the atrocity, recalled:
526:
495:
538:
965:
Operation "Winter magic": nazi punitive operation in
Belorussian-Latvian border, february-march 1943
529:
alone, 183 villages were burned down, 11,383 people were killed, and 14,175 residents were taken as
82:
714:
131:
872:
511:
423:
211:
577:
In Belarus, events take place dedicated to the memory of the victims. In February 2008, in the
1055:
1038:
1021:Операция «Зимнее волшебство» Нацистская истребительная политика и латвийский коллаборационизм.
1006:
968:
858:
595:
515:
499:
269:
734:
274:
196:
187:
491:, where women were separated from their children and sent to work in Germany or in Latvia.
907:
885:
578:
534:
471:
297:
200:
993:
Die deutsche Ordnungspolizei und der Holocaust im Baltikum und in Weißrußland 1941-1944.
778:
503:
451:
282:
1070:
670:
Einsatzkommando of the security police under the command of SS obersturmfuhrer Krause
519:
507:
254:
240:
206:
847:
24:
967:] (in Russian). Minsk- Moscow: Alexander Dyukov. 2013. pp. 2–25.
1028:«Зимнее волшебство» СС. // Сайт журнала «Россия в глобальной политике».
463:
467:
455:
447:
1050:
673:
Einsatzkommando DM under the command of SS hauptsturmfuhrer Kaufman
16:
German punitive operation in Belarus and Russia during World War II
459:
426:
in Russia. In the Soviet Union, the operation became known as the
1002:
Hitler's Bandit Hunters: The SS and the Nazi Occupation of Europe
802:
488:
18:
494:
From 16–18 February 1943, the Nazis destroyed the village of
406:
15 km (9.3 mi) "dead zone" completely depopulated
829:
827:
498:. Younger and stronger people were sent to the station of
728:
995:
2. Auflage. Ferdinand-Schöningh-Verlag, Paderborn 2006.
502:, where they were loaded into wagons and taken to the
748:
810:
Faculty of Mathematics and Informational Technology
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
684:For example, the battle group "Bertha" included:
661:Hastily formed 282nd Latvian "security" battalion
657:During the operation, new formation were added:
525:Several hundred villages were destroyed. In the
1037:Latvijas vēstures institūta apgāds, Riga 2004,
163:15 February – 30 March 1943
123:
846:Н..В. Кириллова, В.Д. Селеменев и др. (2011).
805:[Excursion to partisan battle sites].
561:According to controversial Russian historian
8:
803:"Экскурсия по местам партизанских сражений"
776:[75 years of the Asvieja Tragedy].
586:. Events take place in other localities.
434:has described Operation Winterzauber as a
432:Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation
147:
120:
1045:. (Latvijas Vēsturnieku komisijas raksti)
1023:Фонд «Историческая память», Moskau 2011.
624:280th Bolderaya Latvian Police Battalion;
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1082:Anti-partisan operations of World War II
855:Трагедия белорусских деревень, 1941–1944
644:German artillery battery of the division
1087:Latvian collaborators with Nazi Germany
1030:(www.globalaffairs.cz) (28. Juni 2007).
765:
707:
631:The operation initially also involved:
618:277th Sigulda Latvian Police Battalion;
615:276th Kuldiga Latvian Police Battalion;
609:271st Aizpute Latvian Police Battalion;
1077:Battles and operations of World War II
881:
870:
627:281st Abrene Latvian Police Battalion.
621:278th Dobele Latvian Police Battalion;
582:priest, and former young prisoners of
308:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
833:
612:273rd Ludza Latvian Police Battalion;
403:Over 7,000 deported to Salaspils camp
7:
955:
953:
935:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
47:adding citations to reliable sources
667:Rota 36th Estonian police battalion
664:The 2nd Lithuanian police battalion
635:The 50th Ukrainian police battalion
454:in the North, covering the area of
647:two German communications platoons
376:Several hundred villages destroyed
14:
1054:Фонд «Исторически память», 2013.
650:2nd air group of special purpose.
601:The operation was mainly held by
418:(also translated into English as
904:Roman Catholic Church in Belarus
247:
233:
23:
900:"Saints and Blessed of Belarus"
34:needs additional citations for
938:(in Russian). 13 February 2004
697:391st training field division.
518:declared the murdered priests
400:10,000-12,000 civilians killed
1:
141:Eastern Front of World War II
567:Salaspils concentration camp
485:Salaspils concentration camp
478:The operation and death toll
363:70-221 (estimated by Dyukov)
774:"75 лет Освейской трагедии"
749:
729:
691:The 201st security division
329:Soviet Belarusian partisans
1103:
999:Blood, Phillip W. (2006).
543:Soviet partisans in Latvia
313:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
738:
718:
641:German anti-aircraft part
603:Latvian Police Battalions
367:
355:
342:
288:
260:
225:
155:
146:
128:
808:Vitebsk State University
334:Soviet Latvian partisans
303:Latvian Auxiliary Police
58:"Operation Winterzauber"
694:281st security division
379:11,383 civilians killed
318:Polish Auxiliary Police
137:German-occupied Belarus
730:Asviejskaja trahiedyja
555:
436:crime against humanity
420:Operation Winter Magic
416:Operation Winterzauber
397:439 villages destroyed
261:Commanders and leaders
124:Operation Winterzauber
550:
356:Casualties and losses
750:Osveyskaya tragediya
539:Belarusian partisans
382:14,175 captured for
43:improve this article
836:, pp. 193–194.
590:Punitive formations
991:Wolfgang Curilla:
880:Unknown parameter
739:Освейская трагедия
719:Асвейская трагедыя
512:Antoni Leszczewicz
424:Sebezhsky District
212:Sebezhsky District
1060:978-5-9990-0020-0
1005:. Potomac Books.
974:978-5-9990-0020-0
910:on 29 August 2018
864:9-785-9990-0014-9
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638:SS police company
596:Friedrich Jeckeln
516:Pope John Paul II
413:
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372:Asvieja District:
270:Friedrich Jeckeln
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527:Asvieja District
391:Aleksandr Dyukov
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188:Byelorussian SSR
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132:Bandenbekämpfung
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687:3rd tank army;
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533:. Partisans in
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338:
322:
298:3rd Panzer Army
279:
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193:Verkhnyadzvinsk
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12:
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1012:978-1597970211
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779:Vitebsk Region
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573:Commemorations
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504:Salaspils camp
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428:Osveya Tragedy
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54:Find sources:
48:
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32:This article
30:
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940:. Retrieved
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912:. Retrieved
908:the original
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814:. Retrieved
812:(in Russian)
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785:. Retrieved
783:(in Russian)
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508:Jury Kashyra
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389:Estimate by
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255:Soviet Union
226:Belligerents
207:Russian SFSR
205:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1071:Categories
986:References
834:Blood 2006
781:Web Portal
715:Belarusian
442:Objectives
171:1943-03-30
167:1943-02-15
69:newspapers
884:ignored (
873:cite book
760:Citations
744:romanized
724:romanized
584:Salaspils
537:region,
535:Novgorod
500:Bigosovo
343:Strength
179:Location
169: –
139:and the
129:Part of
746::
735:Russian
726::
520:blessed
496:Rositsa
464:Polotsk
452:Smolnya
351:Unknown
241:Germany
197:Polotsk
165: (
83:scholar
1058:
1041:
1009:
971:
861:
472:Rasony
468:Sebezh
456:Asveya
448:Zilupe
430:. The
252:
238:
199:, and
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
963:[
942:7 May
914:7 May
851:(PDF)
816:7 May
787:7 May
702:Notes
487:near
460:Drysa
348:4,000
90:JSTOR
76:books
1056:ISBN
1039:ISBN
1007:ISBN
969:ISBN
944:2023
916:2023
886:help
859:ISBN
818:2023
789:2023
598:.
510:and
489:Riga
450:and
160:Date
62:news
135:in
45:by
1073::
952:^
902:.
877::
875:}}
871:{{
853:.
826:^
741:,
737::
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470:—
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97:(
87:·
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39:.
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