1511:
1464:
22:
1474:
1453:
1484:
159:
sector, optical links are used in two forms depending on whether the feeding station is a main station or not. Thus main stations are called 'long halls', and all remaining stations are said to be 'short halls'.
1436:
1408:
1403:
428:
1552:
290:
1430:
1425:
1415:
1395:
1197:
391:
364:
337:
1420:
1266:
1192:
1576:
1286:
105:
381:
1071:
619:
421:
327:
149:
138:
1571:
1182:
1177:
728:
43:
86:
1202:
39:
1487:
58:
1477:
1238:
1135:
678:
445:
235:
1545:
1467:
974:
414:
65:
1326:
1248:
1187:
894:
270:
225:
32:
1098:
1059:
904:
804:
733:
666:
493:
250:
210:
1457:
699:
634:
587:
473:
300:
72:
1296:
1281:
1125:
1076:
999:
899:
577:
463:
458:
240:
195:
1538:
1218:
1004:
819:
764:
759:
572:
537:
54:
1120:
924:
889:
809:
789:
711:
599:
520:
255:
1034:
994:
964:
721:
656:
547:
170:
1044:
984:
743:
705:
562:
503:
488:
175:
1518:
1271:
1228:
1159:
1029:
959:
934:
869:
716:
437:
1311:
1233:
1147:
1130:
1093:
979:
939:
769:
738:
604:
498:
387:
360:
333:
142:
1522:
1316:
1276:
1256:
1223:
1152:
1110:
1024:
879:
864:
839:
814:
774:
624:
483:
478:
468:
295:
944:
799:
567:
530:
265:
215:
190:
185:
79:
542:
1142:
1014:
989:
949:
919:
794:
629:
515:
156:
1565:
1291:
1064:
1054:
969:
859:
854:
844:
829:
651:
510:
260:
205:
127:
1510:
1169:
1009:
954:
884:
849:
784:
683:
673:
525:
180:
354:
1369:
1019:
929:
914:
874:
834:
693:
285:
275:
200:
21:
1374:
1081:
779:
688:
644:
614:
592:
582:
557:
245:
230:
131:
1359:
824:
639:
280:
123:
1354:
1344:
1261:
1086:
909:
1349:
1334:
1379:
1339:
661:
453:
406:
137:
Other forms of optical link can include single-"colour" links over a
1364:
1301:
609:
305:
126:
that consists of a single end-to-end optical circuit. A cable of
1306:
220:
410:
552:
15:
1526:
145:to compensate for attenuation over long distances.
1388:
1325:
1247:
1211:
1168:
1109:
1043:
752:
444:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
134:link, is the simplest form of an optical link.
1546:
422:
8:
332:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–2.
1437:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1553:
1539:
1473:
429:
415:
407:
329:Analog Optical Links: Theory and Practice
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
326:III, Charles H. Cox (2 November 2006).
318:
291:Small form-factor pluggable transceiver
359:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 119.
356:Fundamentals of Plastic Optical Fibers
141:infrastructure, and/or links that use
386:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 91.
148:Other forms of optical links include
7:
1507:
1505:
1483:
353:Koike, Yasuhiro (16 February 2015).
150:free-space optical telecommunication
44:adding citations to reliable sources
1525:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
383:Deep Space Optical Communications
1509:
1482:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1451:
1072:Free-space optical communication
139:wavelength-division multiplexing
20:
130:, possibly concatenated into a
31:needs additional citations for
380:Hemmati, Hamid (5 June 2006).
1:
1458:Telecommunication portal
1239:Telecommunications equipment
236:InfiniBand Trade Association
975:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1593:
1504:
679:Telecommunications history
271:Parallel optical interface
226:High-performance computing
1446:
1287:Public Switched Telephone
1099:telecommunication circuit
1060:Fiber-optic communication
805:Francis Blake (telephone)
600:Optical telecommunication
251:List of device bandwidths
211:Fiber-optic communication
1577:Telecommunications stubs
1517:This article related to
1198:Orbital angular-momentum
635:Satellite communications
474:Communications satellite
301:Transimpedance amplifier
1077:Molecular communication
900:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
729:Undersea telegraph line
464:Cable protection system
241:Interconnect bottleneck
196:C form-factor pluggable
124:telecommunications link
1572:Optical communications
1219:Communication protocol
1005:Charles Sumner Tainter
820:Walter Houser Brattain
765:Edwin Howard Armstrong
573:Information revolution
1193:Polarization-division
925:Narinder Singh Kapany
890:Erna Schneider Hoover
810:Jagadish Chandra Bose
790:Alexander Graham Bell
521:online video platform
256:Optical communication
1035:Vladimir K. Zworykin
995:Almon Brown Strowger
965:Charles Grafton Page
620:Prepaid mobile phone
548:Electrical telegraph
171:100 Gigabit Ethernet
40:improve this article
985:Johann Philipp Reis
744:Wireless revolution
706:The Telephone Cases
563:Hydraulic telegraph
176:10 Gigabit Ethernet
1519:telecommunications
1183:Frequency-division
1160:Telephone exchange
1030:Charles Wheatstone
960:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
935:Innocenzo Manzetti
870:Reginald Fessenden
605:Optical telegraphy
438:Telecommunications
143:optical amplifiers
1534:
1533:
1496:
1495:
1234:Store and forward
1229:Data transmission
1143:Network switching
1094:Transmission line
940:Guglielmo Marconi
905:Internet pioneers
770:Mohamed M. Atalla
739:Whistled language
393:978-0-470-04240-3
366:978-3-527-41006-4
339:978-0-521-02778-6
116:
115:
108:
90:
1584:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1513:
1506:
1486:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1327:Notable networks
1317:Wireless network
1257:Cellular network
1249:Types of network
1224:Computer network
1111:Network topology
1025:Thomas A. Watson
880:Oliver Heaviside
865:Philo Farnsworth
840:Daniel Davis Jr.
815:Charles Bourseul
775:John Logie Baird
484:Data compression
479:Computer network
431:
424:
417:
408:
398:
397:
377:
371:
370:
350:
344:
343:
323:
296:Terabit Ethernet
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1452:
1450:
1442:
1384:
1321:
1243:
1207:
1164:
1113:
1105:
1046:
1039:
945:Robert Metcalfe
800:Tim Berners-Lee
748:
568:Information Age
440:
435:
404:
402:
401:
394:
379:
378:
374:
367:
352:
351:
347:
340:
325:
324:
320:
315:
310:
266:Optoelectronics
216:Green computing
191:CXP (connector)
186:Cloud computing
166:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1514:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1178:Space-division
1174:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1015:Camille Tissot
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
990:Claude Shannon
987:
982:
980:Tivadar Puskás
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
950:Antonio Meucci
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
920:Charles K. Kao
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
895:Harold Hopkins
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
795:Emile Berliner
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
756:
754:
750:
749:
747:
746:
741:
736:
734:Videotelephony
731:
726:
725:
724:
719:
709:
702:
697:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
670:
669:
664:
659:
649:
648:
647:
637:
632:
630:Radiotelephone
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
596:
595:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
516:Internet video
508:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
448:
442:
441:
436:
434:
433:
426:
419:
411:
400:
399:
392:
372:
365:
345:
338:
317:
316:
314:
311:
309:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
167:
165:
162:
157:rail transport
128:optical fibers
114:
113:
96:September 2023
55:"Optical link"
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1589:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1489:
1481:
1479:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1203:Code-division
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:Time-division
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:and switching
1112:
1108:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1065:optical fiber
1063:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:Coaxial cable
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
970:Radia Perlman
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:Lee de Forest
858:
856:
855:Thomas Edison
853:
851:
848:
846:
845:Donald Davies
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
830:Claude Chappe
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
755:
751:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
713:
710:
708:
707:
703:
701:
698:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
674:Smoke signals
672:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
653:
652:Semiconductor
650:
646:
643:
642:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
594:
591:
590:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
511:Digital media
509:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
449:
447:
443:
439:
432:
427:
425:
420:
418:
413:
412:
409:
405:
395:
389:
385:
384:
376:
373:
368:
362:
358:
357:
349:
346:
341:
335:
331:
330:
322:
319:
312:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
261:Optical cable
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
206:Fibre channel
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
168:
163:
161:
158:
153:
151:
146:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1527:expanding it
1516:
1501:
1498:
1170:Multiplexing
1045:Transmission
1010:Nikola Tesla
1000:Henry Sutton
955:Samuel Morse
885:Robert Hooke
850:Amos Dolbear
785:John Bardeen
704:
684:Telautograph
588:Mobile phone
543:Edholm's law
526:social media
459:Broadcasting
403:
382:
375:
355:
348:
328:
321:
181:Active cable
154:
147:
136:
120:optical link
119:
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1370:NPL network
1082:Radio waves
1020:Alfred Vail
930:Hedy Lamarr
915:Dawon Kahng
875:Elisha Gray
835:Yogen Dalal
760:Nasir Ahmed
694:Teleprinter
558:Heliographs
286:PCI Express
276:Photo diode
201:Data center
1566:Categories
1416:Antarctica
1375:Toasternet
1297:Television
780:Paul Baran
712:Television
696:(teletype)
689:Telegraphy
667:transistor
645:Phryctoria
615:Photophone
593:Smartphone
583:Mass media
313:References
246:Light Peak
231:InfiniBand
132:dark fiber
66:newspapers
1400:Americas
1389:Locations
1360:Internet2
1121:Bandwidth
825:Vint Cerf
722:streaming
700:Telephone
640:Semaphore
531:streaming
281:PIN diode
1468:Category
1355:Internet
1345:CYCLADES
1262:Ethernet
1212:Concepts
1136:terminal
1087:wireless
910:Bob Kahn
753:Pioneers
578:Internet
469:Cable TV
164:See also
1488:Commons
1478:Outline
1431:Oceania
1350:FidoNet
1335:ARPANET
1148:circuit
717:digital
446:History
155:In the
152:links.
80:scholar
1426:Europe
1396:Africa
1380:Usenet
1340:BITNET
1277:Mobile
1153:packet
662:MOSFET
657:device
454:Beacon
390:
363:
336:
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1521:is a
1409:South
1404:North
1365:JANET
1302:Telex
1292:Radio
1131:Nodes
1126:Links
1047:media
625:Radio
610:Pager
538:Drums
504:video
499:image
489:audio
306:VCSEL
122:is a
87:JSTOR
73:books
1523:stub
1421:Asia
1307:UUCP
1267:ISDN
388:ISBN
361:ISBN
334:ISBN
221:HDMI
59:news
1312:WAN
1282:NGN
1272:LAN
553:Fax
494:DCT
118:An
42:by
1568::
1554:e
1547:t
1540:v
1529:.
1439:)
1435:(
430:e
423:t
416:v
396:.
369:.
342:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
