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d'Ivoire, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, State of Palestine, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and Uruguay.
202:. It envisaged the establishment of a worldwide system of inspection of places of detention, which later took the form of an Optional Protocol to the UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984). For a long time, however, the necessary support for such an optional protocol was not forthcoming. As a consequence, the UN Committee Against Torture (CAT) had at its disposal only relatively weak instruments: it could analyse and discuss the self-reports of the respective governments and create the institution of a
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has demonstrated that regular visits, reports and recommendations to the governments as well as the publication of these reports and the governments' reactions the viability of this model. This in turn led to a breakthrough within the United
Nations: OPCAT was created and opened for signatures on 18
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As of June 2024, 94 states have ratified the protocol: Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chile, Costa Rica, Côte
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A further 11 states have signed but not ratified the protocol: Angola, Belgium, Cameroon, Chad, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ireland, Sierra Leone, Timor-Leste, Venezuela, and Zambia.
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on
Torture. But neither CAT nor its Special Rapporteur had the power to visit countries, let alone inspect prisons, without the respective government's permission. In 1987, the
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in New York on 18 December 2002, and it entered into force on 22 June 2006. As of June 2024, the
Protocol has 94 parties and 11 additional signatories.
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175:. It establishes an international inspection system for places of detention modeled on the system that has existed in Europe since 1987 (the
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The idea for this scheme of torture prevention goes back to the Swiss
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Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
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Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
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After ratification by 20 states, the Optional Protocol came into force on 22 June 2006.
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Treaties adopted by United Nations General Assembly resolutions
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2002 treaty supplementing the UN Convention Against Torture
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International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims
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realized the original idea on a regional level with its
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Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture
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Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish
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Torture during the Bahraini uprising (2011–present)
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327:, Article 28. Retrieved on 30 December 2008.
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856:Exclusion of evidence obtained under torture
365:, Article 37. Retrieved on 30 December 2008.
346:, Article 27. Retrieved on 30 December 2008.
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299:. United Nations Treaty Collection
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171:that supplements to the 1984
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544:Psychological torture
219:December 2002 by the
214:. On this basis, the
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1021:Treaties of Bulgaria
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607:Solitary confinement
529:Water cure (torture)
524:Thumbscrew (torture)
379:Text of the protocol
140:UN Secretary-General
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1006:Treaties of Bolivia
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230:Ratification status
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1066:Treaties of Cyprus
1016:Treaties of Brazil
996:Treaties of Belize
361:2008-05-05 at the
342:2008-05-05 at the
323:2008-05-05 at the
204:Special Rapporteur
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301:. Retrieved
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107:22 June 2006
500:Rat torture
470:Abacination
120:Signatories
940:Categories
917:In culture
694:Mauritania
677:Greek case
630:By country
264:References
136:Depositary
883:Article 3
746:Venezuela
704:Palestine
642:Argentina
303:25 August
146:Languages
112:Condition
104:Effective
756:Zimbabwe
714:Thailand
359:Archived
340:Archived
321:Archived
242:See also
167:)) is a
99:New York
96:Location
765:History
647:Bahrain
637:Albania
577:Hooding
480:Falanga
439:Methods
431:Torture
190:History
128:Parties
80:Drafted
719:Turkey
699:Mexico
672:Greece
652:Brazil
200:Geneva
169:treaty
88:Signed
61:
55:
49:
751:Yemen
684:Egypt
662:Chile
657:China
356:OPCAT
337:OPCAT
318:OPCAT
165:OPCAT
689:Iran
667:Cuba
514:rape
512:and
305:2023
155:The
70:Type
179:).
942::
272:^
223:.
131:94
123:76
423:e
416:t
409:v
307:.
163:(
20:)
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