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been listed under the ESA. Like the 5-year review stated, the
Nashville Metropolitan area is experiencing population, residential, and commercial growth. Additionally, the area has been flooded with stormwater, sediment inputs, and spills of hazardous substances and raw sewage, yet the species’ population numbers have remained relatively stable or have increased. The assessment suggests targeting an increase in water quality, however in most scenarios the populations of Nashville crayfish are predicted to survive in the next 40 years.
432:, poses another threat. Another threat is overutilization for recreational, educational, scientific, or commercial purposes. The species was put up for listing as endangered on January 12, 1977, but the proposal was withdrawn on December 10, 1978. This withdrawal was due to amendments being added to the ESA at the time. On May 22, 1984, the Nashville crayfish was announced to be a potential candidate for protection under the ESA. The species was listed as “endangered” on September 26, 1986.
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recolonize. While it was thought that the
Nashville crayfish was only found in Mill Creek and seven of its tributaries, a disconnected second population was discovered in the Lower Tennessee River at the Pickwick Tailwater. This second population suggests that their geographic range was historically wider.
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The most recent
Species Status Assessment (SSA) was completed in 2018. While the Nashville crayfish suffers from inadequate water quality and spills from increasing urbanization and human populations, the species has still been found in stable or increasing numbers in the Mill Creek area since it has
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Nashville crayfish are extremely tolerant to a wide range of habitat conditions. They are found in creeks with high amounts of sediment, gravel, slab, or cobble substrate. They can inhabit areas with turbid water due to oil and areas with high amounts of construction debris. The
Nashville crayfish’s
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The
Nashville crayfish has an orange and black coloration, four pairs of legs, and two elongate pinchers with red tips. The crayfish has a lighter-colored saddle on its back and on the sides of its head. A sigmoidal cleft of the annulus ventralis, or sperm receptacle, is found on larger females. The
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area, including commercial and residential developments, the species has remained stable or has increased in population numbers. This stabilization indicates that the species has developed a high “resistance to disturbance,” decreasing the threat that further metropolitan development could present.
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Due to the lack of research on this particular species, the rest of the life history section are assumptions based on other crayfish. Reproduction typically begins in late summer and early fall. This is when males will switch from form 2 to form 1. Females will lay their eggs during the late winter
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tend to be sexually dominant. This is because they are able to hold the female tighter and increase their copulation time. The
Nashville crayfish can be aggressive and will attack its opponent by chasing, cornering, or driving it backward. There is little information about the Nashville crayfish’s
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In 1986, when the species was listed, there were only a third of the number of crayfish that were found in 1969. Since listing, recent surveys have shown that the population is increasing due to habitat restoration efforts. In places where habitat has been restored, they have been quick to
316:. Most of the research that has been done about the reproduction strategies of this crayfish have been on males. Male crayfish switch between two forms during mating season. The reproductive form is known as “form 1” and the non reproductive form is known as “form 2”. The form 1 male
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was believed to increase because of their habitat in the
Nashville Metropolitan area. The 1989 Recovery Plan reports that the species is threatened by a variety of events resulting from urban development, including the possibility of chemical spill.
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357:. They forage mostly during the night from sunset to midnight and usually return to their burrows during daylight hours. Female Nashville crayfish can be found under large slab rocks while carrying eggs and young.
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461:”. The USFWS reported that the species remained high in population numbers over the past 20 years in the Mill Creek area. Despite recent metropolitan growth in the
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812:
Biggins, Richard G. (1987-08-12). Recovery plan for
Nashville crayfish (Orconectes shoupi) (Report). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southeast Region.
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While the species is expected to continue to experience some level of threat, the
Nashville crayfish population is not expected to be as affected.
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at the
Pickwick Tailwater. There are 192 stream miles of the Mill Creek Watershed of which the species occupies 104 stream miles (54 percent).
713:"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of the Nashville Crayfish From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife"
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for the Nashville crayfish has not been updated since February 8, 1989. On September 26, 1986, when the species was listed as endangered, a
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766:"Historical influences on genital morphology among sympatric species: gonopod evolution and reproductive isolation in the crayfish genus
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territorial behavior toward its shelter. However, most crayfish are very territorial and will be aggressive to protect their burrows.
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and early spring. Each female lays several hundred eggs. Most of these eggs will die before hatching or in the early stages of life.
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has been described to be shaped “short-curved”. This gonopod shape differs from other species’ gonopods in the same genus,
668:"An updated classification of the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea) of the world, with a complete species list"
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Butler, Robert S (2002). Imperiled Crayfishes of Lower Tennessee-Cumberland (Report). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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Nashville crayfish is on the larger side of crayfish, growing to be up to 7 in (180 mm) long.
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291:(ESA) as an endangered species. However, the crayfish has recently been put up for delisting by the
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993:"A genomic perspective on the conservation status of the endangered Nashville crayfish (
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due to local development, habitat degradation, and a restricted range. Competition with
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889:"Dominance hierarchy-dependent behavioural plasticity of crayfish avoidance reactions"
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The most recent 5-year review of the Nashville crayfish was completed in 2017. The
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The Nashville crayfish population faces a number of threats, including poor
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Fujimoto, Sawako; Hirata, Bunpei; Nagayama, Toshiki (2011-08-15).
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838:"Aggressive Interactions of the Endangered Nashville Crayfish,
1068:"Species Status Assessment Report for the Nashville Crayfish (
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known as “lock and key”, where individuals are prevented from
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Hurt, Carla; Hildreth, Parker; Williams, Carl (2022-03-24).
453:(USFWS) recommended that the species be downlisted from “
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Schuster, G.A.; Taylor, C.A. & Cordeiro, J. (2010).
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TAYLOR, CHRISTOPHER A.; KNOUFT, JASON H. (2006-08-29).
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NatureServe Explorer An online encyclopedia of life
491:was not designated. This is because the threat of
504:In 2023 the Nashville crayfish was featured on a
353:, insects, worms, snails, fish eggs, leaves, and
836:Bizwell, Emily A.; Mattingly, Hayden T. (2010).
525:. The stamp was dedicated at a ceremony at the
279:. Prior to August 2017, the species was called
1094:"Postal Service Spotlights Endangered Species"
312:Very little is known about Nashville crayfish
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578:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T15423A4582645.en
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370:to Mill Creek Basin and its tributaries in
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968:) as Endangered Species; 51 FR 3229-3232"
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774:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
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1469:Endemic crustaceans of the United States
1459:NatureServe critically imperiled species
642:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
1479:Freshwater crustaceans of North America
1043:"5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation"
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382:. They have recently been found in the
293:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1048:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2007
964:"Proposal to List Nashville Crayfish (
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564:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
366:range is very restricted. They are
527:National Grasslands Visitor Center
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1489:Taxa named by Horton H. Hobbs Jr.
741:"Nashville Crayfish Conservation"
1454:IUCN Red List endangered species
1074:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
787:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00637.x
666:; De Grave, Sammy (2017-08-08).
515:set, based on a photograph from
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893:Journal of Experimental Biology
451:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
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1484:Crustaceans described in 1948
672:Journal of Crustacean Biology
1098:United States Postal Service
506:United States Postal Service
332:through the genital shape.
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1474:Endemic fauna of Tennessee
1013:10.1007/s10592-022-01438-6
950:10.13140/RG.2.1.2110.8889
470:Species Status Assessment
349:In general, crayfish eat
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103:Scientific classification
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846:Southeastern Naturalist
287:is protected under the
1494:ESA endangered species
326:reproductive isolation
289:Endangered Species Act
1001:Conservation Genetics
685:10.1093/jcbiol/rux070
384:Lower Tennessee River
89:Critically Imperiled
858:10.1656/058.009.0211
745:www.nashvillezoo.org
571:: e.T15423A4582645.
324:. This is a form of
277:Nashville, Tennessee
376:Williamson Counties
53:Conservation status
27:Species of crayfish
906:10.1242/jeb.057752
613:. 7.1. NatureServe
531:Wall, South Dakota
513:Endangered Species
500:In popular culture
420:crayfish species,
394:Males with larger
267:, is a freshwater
265:Nashville crayfish
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1400:Open Tree of Life
1265:orconectes-shoupi
1236:Orconectes shoupi
1122:Taxon identifiers
1070:Orconectes shoupi
966:Orconectes shoupi
899:(16): 2718–2723.
840:Orconectes shoupi
664:Crandall, Keith A
557:Orconectes shoupi
423:Faxonius placidus
281:Orconectes shoupi
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637:(Hobbs, 1948)"
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770:(Cambaridae)"
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973:. 1986-01-24
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748:. Retrieved
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719:. 2020-09-23
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582:. Retrieved
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517:Joel Sartore
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403:Conservation
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1413:SeaLifeBase
1335:iNaturalist
1193:NatureServe
780:(1): 1–12.
648:19 December
299:Description
250:Hobbs, 1948
170:Pleocyemata
93:NatureServe
1464:Cambaridae
1448:Categories
1145:Q107078575
977:2022-04-27
768:Orconectes
750:2022-04-27
723:2022-04-27
537:References
459:threatened
455:endangered
273:Mill Creek
269:crustacean
180:Cambaridae
166:Suborder:
140:Arthropoda
68:Endangered
1029:236611502
1021:1572-9737
915:0022-0949
866:1528-7092
818:680257475
796:0024-4066
694:0278-0372
522:Photo Ark
463:Nashville
380:Tennessee
275:Basin in
198:Species:
126:Kingdom:
120:Eukaryota
1353:11311550
1251:Q1636702
1245:Wikidata
1198:2.115224
1139:Wikidata
1078:27 April
1052:27 April
931:15903726
923:21795568
874:85024428
617:30 March
584:30 March
418:invading
390:Behavior
372:Davidson
322:Faxonius
239:Synonyms
191:Faxonius
176:Family:
160:Decapoda
136:Phylum:
130:Animalia
116:Domain:
73:IUCN 3.1
1327:2227074
1211:2927751
1185:1133781
1172:9141927
1104:May 11,
368:endemic
355:mussels
340:Ecology
318:gonopod
232:, 1948)
186:Genus:
156:Order:
146:Class:
91: (
71: (
1431:885961
1392:197201
1340:107820
1314:344123
1298:ECOS:
1260:ARKive
1224:885345
1027:
1019:
929:
921:
913:
872:
864:
816:
794:
692:
457:” to “
396:chelae
263:, the
1426:WoRMS
1418:26376
1405:77973
1379:15423
1366:97481
1348:IRMNG
1291:7W5ZW
1278:31879
1219:WoRMS
1159:7TVTF
1046:(PDF)
1025:S2CID
971:(PDF)
927:S2CID
870:S2CID
361:Range
351:algae
230:Hobbs
1387:NCBI
1374:IUCN
1361:ITIS
1322:GBIF
1301:7181
1273:BOLD
1206:NCBI
1180:ITIS
1167:GBIF
1106:2023
1080:2022
1054:2022
1017:ISSN
919:PMID
911:ISSN
862:ISSN
814:OCLC
792:ISSN
690:ISSN
650:2023
619:2023
586:2023
569:2010
493:take
483:The
426:and
374:and
1309:EoL
1286:CoL
1154:CoL
1009:doi
946:doi
901:doi
897:214
854:doi
782:doi
680:doi
573:doi
529:in
519:'s
378:in
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1072:)"
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1005:23
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997:)"
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