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British. The Boers were asked to send a delegation to a meeting with the
British special commissioner Sir George Clerk in August 1853. This meeting was aimed at establishing some form of self-governance in the Orange River Sovereignty. When they could not agree, the Boers sent two members of their original delegation to England to try to convince the government to alter their decision.
222:. The British came out victorious and one of the boundary lines created after this battle was called the Warden line. This line divided territory between the British and the Basotho and stretched from Cornetspruit and the Orange River through Vechtkop to Jammerbergdrift on the Caledon River. This action led to a conflict between the two groups where
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defeated the
British in a battle known as Battle of Viervoet in 1851. The British government retracted their decision for annexation, claiming it was too expensive and difficult to maintain. In addition, the Boers wanted independence and threatened to side with Moshoeshoe I in a war against the
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or what the boundaries between the
Basotho and the Orange Free State would be. The convention was signed in a building now known as the First Raadsaal by Sir George Clerk, on behalf of the British government, and twenty-five representatives of the
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On 30 January 1854, a royal proclamation was signed abandoning and renouncing all dominion in the Orange River
Sovereignty. On 23 February 1854, the Orange River Convention officially recognised the independence of the area which was called the
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people. The first two presidents of the Orange Free State
Republic were later sworn into office in this building which later became a prominent symbol in Apartheid era education in South Africa.
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seeking autonomy from
British control. However, the expanding interests of the British colonial government soon caught up with the Boers when they annexed
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and the Orange River
Convention included British recognition of Boer independence claims, and both claims were challenged during the
196:, the governor of the British Cape Colony at the time, decided to annex the area and set out clear boundaries. The land between the
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in 1845. After settling across the Orange River, relations between the Boers and different groups between the Orange River and the
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Rosalie
Schaffer, 'Succession to treaties: South African practice in the light of current developments in international law'
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206:. The Basotho lost a vast amount of land due to this annexation and the Boers were enraged by this process. Major
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and the Orange River was annexed on 3 February 1848 and was officially proclaimed as the
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296:. Earlier British treaties with African chiefdoms in the area were nullified and the
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218:. In August 1848, Sir Harry Smith arrived with his army and fought the Boers in the
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were permitted access to gunpowder and firearms while
Africans were not. Both the
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Convention whereby the
British formally recognised the independence of the Boers
360:"Happy 170th birthday Bloemfontein: From British spy post to judicial capital"
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By signing the convention, the British renounced control not only over the
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Doing Canada proud: The Second Boer War and the Battle of Paardeberg
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British government and representatives of the communities in the
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were extremely strained; particularly between the Boers and the
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First Raadsaal where the Bloemfontein Convention was signed
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had the right to govern themselves independently of
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260:For nearly 50 years following the convention the
452:The Cambridge history of South Africa, Volume 5
146:rivers, which had previously been known as the
30:Recognition of independence and self-government
419:Ballard-Tremeer, Beverly (19 December 2016).
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134:formally recognised the independence of the
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467:Historical dictionary of the British Empire
542:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
469:. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 145.
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421:"Sand River and Bloemfontein Conventions"
567:Bilateral treaties of the United Kingdom
465:Olson, James S; Shadle, Robert (1996).
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431:from the original on 22 December 2017
335:from the original on 22 December 2017
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498:. Toronto: Dundurn. p. 16, 18.
450:Fage, JD; John, E; Roland, Anthony.
248:. The convention made no mention of
214:in June 1848 by a Boer group led by
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562:Treaties of the Orange Free State
400:from the original on 2 July 2017
390:"Bloemfontein Convention Signed"
370:from the original on 2 June 2017
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210:was subsequently forced out of
99:Orange River Convention (1854)
22:Orange River Convention (1854)
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394:South African History Online
272:beyond the frontiers of the
312:later in the 19th century.
114:(sometimes also called the
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547:1854 in the United Kingdom
396:. SAHO. 22 February 2017.
454:. Cambridge. p. 381.
364:South African people News
329:"Convention Bloemfontein"
162:Lead-up to the convention
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203:Orange River Sovereignty
148:Orange River Sovereignty
138:in the area between the
72:Orange River Sovereignty
51:Orange River Sovereignty
425:Britannica Encyclopedia
116:Bloemfontein Convention
112:Orange River Convention
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124:Bloemfontein-konvensie
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302:Sand River Convention
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552:1854 in South Africa
490:Horn, Bernd (2012).
366:. 19 December 2016.
220:Battle of Boomplaats
208:Henry Douglas Warden
62:(some parts earlier)
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288:but also over the
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505:978-1-4597-0577-7
331:. 3 August 2011.
246:Orange Free State
216:Andries Pretorius
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508:– via
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433:. Retrieved
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402:. Retrieved
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337:. Retrieved
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250:Moshoeshoe I
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212:Bloemfontein
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130:whereby the
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60:6 April 1872
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435:10 December
404:10 December
374:10 December
339:10 December
274:Cape Colony
178:Cape Colony
166:During the
67:Signatories
536:Categories
476:0313279179
316:References
231:Convention
198:Vaal River
169:Great Trek
128:convention
103:Wikisource
57:Expiration
280:Aftermath
120:Afrikaans
88:Full text
429:Archived
398:Archived
368:Archived
333:Archived
292:and the
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43:Location
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290:Basotho
190:Basotho
158:(OFS).
154:of the
132:British
82:English
528:(1981)
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294:Griqua
140:Orange
35:Signed
306:first
298:Boers
286:Boers
262:Boers
182:Natal
174:Boers
136:Boers
500:ISBN
471:ISBN
437:2017
406:2017
376:2017
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308:and
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172:the
144:Vaal
142:and
110:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
