874:
42:
303:, and has been a tidal lagoon ever since. This has resulted in the deposition of 18.6 m (61 ft) marine mud over the top of the fresh water deposits. The tuff ring is generally stable except for the north-east side mainly on the northern bank of the Pourewa Stream. The tephra deposits may be over Plio-Pleistocene alluvium here, with a steep slope, and indeed the nearby slopes which are not connected to the overlying volcanics at all have been historically unstable.
240:. The western side of the basin has a road that connects the inland suburb of Remuera with the coastal suburbs and the northern side has been formed into a railway embankment which the basin drains into the sea through sluice gates at its north-east corner. The Ōrākei (Te Hori) Creek drains some of the Remuera watershed into the north-east of the basin and the Pourewa Stream presently directly drains to the sea on the northern aspect of the basin.
1025:
58:
65:
217:
493:
656:
267:
10 cu ft) of the underlying rock was removed upon the explosive formation of the maar. There was for much the period since protection of the lake by a 50 m (160 ft) tuff ring crater wall. The stream inflows to the lake were from the north-east fairly close to its outlet to the
295:
10 cu ft) of basalt has been shown to remain underneath the crater by gravity and magnetic studies. The reason that the lake is larger than the original maar is believed to be because the inner tephra ring deposits may have slumped into the crater.
268:
north-west, so a central lake sediment core in 2007 confirmed external sedimentation was a minor component of the infill and there was a finely laminated sediment sequence. There was a high sedimentation rate averaging 0.7 mm/a (0.028 in/year).
371:. New ages, consistent with other determinations, in all but the case of the Okareka tephra, were obtained for 14 basaltic, 18 andesitic and eight rhyolitic tephra horizons. Tephra studies, including compositional analysis, have defined the major recent
404:. This allows for the basin to be kept full, even during surrounding low tides. The embankment has control gates to allow the scheduled flushing and re-filling of water in the basin. As such, despite being a tidal lagoon, it is popular for watersports.
207:
crater. Sediments in the basin provided the first high-resolution palaeo-environmental reconstruction for northern New
Zealand of the last 130,000 years. The basin supports recreational water sports activities for the local population.
680:
Peti, L; Hopkins, JL; Augustinus, PC (3 July 2021). "Revised tephrochronology for key tephras in the 130-ka Ōrākei Basin maar core, Auckland
Volcanic Field, New Zealand: implications for the timing of climatic changes".
399:
for suburban services) runs through the north side of the basin. The railway runs along a causeway embankment which was constructed in the 1920s and created a barrier between the Ōrākei Basin and the rest of the
444:
Peti, Leonie; Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E.; Hopkins, Jenni L.; Nilsson, Andreas; Fujioka, Toshiyuki; Fink, David; Mifsud, Charles; Christl, Marcus; Muscheler, Raimund; Augustinus, Paul C. (2020).
1324:
259:
about 132,305 years ago (95%CI 131,430 to 133,180 years ago), it became a freshwater lake that had an overflow stream in the vicinity of present Ōrākei Road bridge. About 2.5
906:
327:
379:
and climate with more detail in references). A particularly thick deposit of 300 mm (12 in) is from the
Rotoehu tephra from the Rotoiti eruption of the
335:
331:
329:
328:
325:
320:
314:
313:
333:
780:
104:
1317:
321:
203:. It has an explosion crater around 700 m (2,300 ft) wide, with a surrounding tuff ring. The present basin is slightly larger than the original
332:
1492:
1609:
1310:
299:
As sea level rose after the end of the last Ice Age, the lake, which by then had shallowed to a swamp, was breached by the sea about 7050
899:
811:
764:
528:"Geophysical constraints on the structure and formation of Onepoto, Orakei, Pupuke and Tank Farm maar volcanoes, Auckland Volcanic Field"
383:. This gives a slightly earlier time on analysis of 45,100 ± 3,300 years ago than the usual consensus now of 47,400 ± 3,000 years ago.
861:
841:
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892:
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315:
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10 cu ft) with volcanic material making up about 30% of the tuff ring, so that volume of magma ejected was about 3
323:
319:
1614:
1604:
1069:
446:"Development of a multi-method chronology spanning the Last Glacial Interval from Orakei maar lake, Auckland, New Zealand"
971:
376:
1441:
983:
959:
1290:
1278:
1075:
568:"Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Orakei maar lake sediment sequence (Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand)"
1375:
1248:
1240:
57:
1528:
375:
eruptions where ash reached
Auckland (see timeline on this page which also shows changes in type of lake, its
41:
1370:
1365:
1087:
953:
915:
396:
392:
229:
196:
360:
1355:
977:
803:
614:"Micro-XRF-inferred depositional history of the Orakei maar lake sediment sequence, Auckland, New Zealand"
372:
1541:
1431:
1400:
1134:
655:
Brook, Martin; Richards, Nick; Bevan, David; Liu, Shanshan; Tunnicliffe, Jon; Prebble, Warwick (2022).
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401:
1558:
1218:
1140:
941:
364:
340:
1302:
1206:
878:
148:
657:"Engineering Geology and Geomorphology of the Kepa Road Landslide Zone, Orakei Basin, Auckland"
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1507:
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1164:
857:
837:
807:
760:
233:
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1523:
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589:
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380:
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1200:
1146:
935:
929:
352:
252:
1176:
1170:
836:- Searle, Ernest J.; revised by Mayhill, R.D.; Longman Paul, 1981. First published 1964.
492:
Nemeth, Karoly; Kereszturi, Gabor; Agustín-Flores, Javier; Briggs, Roger
Michael (2012).
1024:
1421:
1182:
1117:
1105:
947:
368:
344:
160:
494:"Field Guide Monogenetic volcanism of the South Auckland and Auckland Volcanic Fields"
1593:
1563:
1487:
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1395:
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1081:
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1007:
752:
136:
1497:
1093:
1057:
1045:
348:
237:
90:
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709:
694:
544:
527:
757:
A Field Guide to
Auckland: Exploring the Region's Natural and Historical Heritage
1405:
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1194:
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1099:
995:
200:
630:
613:
472:
1426:
1380:
1188:
462:
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300:
119:
106:
1360:
1284:
1254:
1051:
1039:
850:. Hayward, B.W., Murdoch, G., Maitland, G.; Auckland University Press, 2011.
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17:
884:
584:
567:
216:
1337:
86:
1390:
1158:
736:
249:
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149:
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367:(post-infrared–infrared stimulated luminescence, pIR-IRSL), and the
215:
256:
204:
141:
1306:
888:
312:
347:
as a result of two cores taken of lake sediment in 2016. The
759:(Revised ed.). Random House New Zealand. p. 216.
856:. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, 335 pp.
195:
is a tidal basin and one of the extinct volcanoes in the
271:
The eruption tephra volume has been estimated to be 1.3
351:
has been validated against multiple dating standards (
1551:
1516:
1460:
1414:
1348:
1234:
1127:
1032:
922:
708:Hopkins, JL; Lowe, DJ; Horrocks, JL (3 July 2021).
182:
178:
170:
159:
147:
135:
96:
82:
34:
255:East Coast Bays Formation. After eruption of the
248:Basement is the mudstones and sandstones of the
97:
1318:
900:
714:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
683:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
532:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
8:
487:
485:
483:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
1325:
1311:
1303:
907:
893:
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848:Volcanoes of Auckland: The Essential Guide
710:"Tephrochronology in Aotearoa New Zealand"
607:
605:
561:
559:
557:
555:
439:
437:
435:
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431:
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412:A public walking track circles the basin.
31:
735:
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639:
629:
593:
583:
543:
471:
461:
236:, close to the harbour entrance from the
834:City of Volcanoes: A geology of Auckland
566:Peti, L; Augustinus, PC (12 June 2019).
526:Nunns, AG; Hochstein, MP (3 July 2019).
421:
339:An accurate chronology exists over the
224:Ōrākei Basin is between the suburbs of
220:View of Ōrākei Basin looking north-east
232:, adjacent to the south shore of the
7:
854:Volcanoes of Auckland: A Field Guide
64:
29:Maar lake in Auckland, North Island
25:
1023:
781:"Ōrākei Basin flushing schedule"
612:Peti, L; Augustinus, PC (2022).
63:
56:
40:
1542:Auckland City Council (defunct)
798:Janssen, Peter (January 2021).
343:between about 9500 and 130,000
181:
1:
1261:Pupuke Moana / Pupuke Volcano
727:10.1080/00288306.2021.1908368
695:10.1080/00288306.2020.1867200
545:10.1080/00288306.2019.1581239
81:
1493:St Michael's Catholic Church
1452:Takaparawhau / Bastion Point
972:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
287:10 cu ft) About 1
875:Photographs of Orakei Basin
46:Aerial view of Ōrākei Basin
1631:
1461:Facilities and attractions
755:; Murdoch, Graeme (2008).
631:10.1007/s10933-022-00235-y
1021:
463:10.5194/gchron-2-367-2020
51:
39:
1112:Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond
1610:Ōrākei Local Board Area
1600:Auckland volcanic field
1442:Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson
1334:Ōrākei Local Board Area
1052:Whakamuhu / Glover Park
984:Ōwairaka / Mount Albert
960:Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson
954:Maungawhau / Mount Eden
916:Auckland volcanic field
393:North Island Main Trunk
199:in the North Island of
197:Auckland volcanic field
120:36.867124°S 174.81308°E
804:New Holland Publishers
800:Greater Auckland Walks
221:
881:heritage collections.
585:10.5194/sd-25-47-2019
219:
125:-36.867124; 174.81308
1615:Maars of New Zealand
1503:Te Ara ki Uta ki Tai
1478:Madills Farm Reserve
1468:Ellerslie Racecourse
391:A railway line (the
186:0 m (0 ft)
1574:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei
1559:Eastern Suburbs AFC
1415:Geographic features
1141:Boggust Park Crater
978:Te Tātua a Riukiuta
942:Albert Park Volcano
879:Auckland Libraries'
572:Scientific Drilling
473:20.500.11850/553903
373:Taupō Volcanic Zone
365:luminescence dating
116: /
1529:Ōrākei Local Board
341:last glacial cycle
222:
1605:Waitematā Harbour
1587:
1586:
1579:St John's College
1508:Waiatarua Reserve
1473:Kepa Bush Reserve
1300:
1299:
1236:Waitematā Harbour
813:978-1-86966-516-6
402:Waitematā Harbour
395:, branded as the
361:argon-argon-dated
234:Waitemata Harbour
190:
189:
183:Surface elevation
16:(Redirected from
1622:
1569:Ellerslie Eagles
1524:Auckland Council
1437:Little Rangitoto
1349:Populated places
1327:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1219:Māngere Mountain
1027:
1014:Little Rangitoto
990:Te Hopua a Rangi
966:Mount Saint John
930:Pukekawa Volcano
923:Central Auckland
909:
902:
895:
886:
826:
825:
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785:Auckland Council
777:
771:
770:
766:978-1-86962-1513
748:
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720:(2–3): 153–200.
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357:tephrochronology
353:radiocarbon ages
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1483:Remuera Library
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1230:
1213:Puketutu Island
1201:Puhinui Craters
1147:Cemetery Crater
1123:
1070:Pigeon Mountain
1028:
1019:
936:Grafton Volcano
918:
913:
871:
830:
829:
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779:
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751:Cameron, Ewen;
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689:(2–3): 235–49.
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253:Waitemata Group
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150:Primary inflows
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1183:Maungataketake
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1168:
1165:Māngere Lagoon
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1128:South Auckland
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1118:Robertson Hill
1115:
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1106:McLennan Hills
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948:Te Pou Hawaiki
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869:External links
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806:. p. 93.
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753:Hayward, Bruce
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369:Laschamp event
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291:10 m (3.5
283:10 m (1.1
275:10 m (4.6
263:10 m (8.8
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538:(3): 341–56.
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38:
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19:
1540:
1498:Tamaki Drive
1447:Ōrākei Basin
1446:
1177:Matukutūruru
1171:Matukutūreia
1094:Styaks Swamp
1076:Hampton Park
1058:Taylors Hill
1046:Purchas Hill
1002:Ōrākei Basin
1001:
853:
847:
833:
799:
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663:. Retrieved
650:
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531:
500:. Retrieved
453:
449:
411:
397:Eastern Line
390:
349:stratigraphy
338:
298:
270:
247:
238:Hauraki Gulf
223:
193:Ōrākei Basin
192:
191:
155:Orakei Creek
91:North Island
71:Ōrākei Basin
35:Ōrākei Basin
26:
18:Orakei Basin
1534:Ōrākei ward
1406:Stonefields
1376:Mission Bay
1342:New Zealand
1241:North Shore
1153:Crater Hill
1100:Pukewairiki
996:Mount Smart
737:10289/14349
665:26 November
624:: 327–344.
456:: 367–410.
377:oxygenation
201:New Zealand
166:New Zealand
123: /
111:174°48′47″E
98:Coordinates
1594:Categories
1517:Government
1432:Karaka Bay
1427:Hobson Bay
1381:Kohimarama
1371:Meadowbank
1366:Glen Innes
1249:Maungauika
1189:Waitomokia
1088:Green Hill
1082:Ōtara Hill
1008:Puketāpapa
822:Q118136068
641:2292/58543
595:2292/47779
502:2 November
416:References
307:Chronology
230:Meadowbank
108:36°52′02″S
1361:Glendowie
1356:Ellerslie
1285:Tank Farm
1267:Rangitoto
1255:Motukorea
1040:Maungarei
578:: 47–56.
408:Amenities
212:Geography
142:maar lake
1401:St Johns
1338:Auckland
1195:Ōtuataua
1135:Ash Hill
877:held in
818:Wikidata
87:Auckland
83:Location
1391:Remuera
1291:Onepoto
1207:Pukeiti
1159:Kohuora
387:History
250:Miocene
244:Geology
226:Remuera
1386:Ōrākei
860:
840:
820:
810:
763:
174:132 ka
660:(PDF)
497:(PDF)
161:Basin
1239:and
1227:(44)
1221:(37)
1215:(39)
1209:(41)
1203:(53)
1197:(42)
1191:(40)
1185:(43)
1179:(48)
1173:(47)
1167:(38)
1161:(46)
1155:(45)
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1137:(49)
1120:(30)
1114:(28)
1108:(29)
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1096:(35)
1090:(34)
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1078:(32)
1072:(36)
1066:(25)
1060:(22)
1054:(21)
1048:(23)
1042:(24)
1016:(19)
1010:(14)
1004:(20)
998:(26)
992:(27)
986:(13)
980:(15)
974:(16)
968:(17)
962:(18)
956:(11)
950:(12)
938:(50)
932:(10)
858:ISBN
838:ISBN
808:ISBN
761:ISBN
667:2023
504:2022
257:maar
228:and
205:maar
137:Type
1293:(3)
1287:(2)
1281:(4)
1275:(5)
1269:(7)
1263:(1)
1257:(8)
1251:(6)
944:(9)
732:hdl
722:doi
691:doi
636:hdl
626:doi
590:hdl
580:doi
540:doi
468:hdl
458:doi
301:BCE
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293:×
289:×
285:×
281:×
277:×
273:×
265:×
261:×
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