31:
448:
264:
285:). The oral sucker is at the tip of the anterior body and directly surrounds the mouth. The ventral sucker is located halfway to the middle of the body on the ventral side. They are both used for attachment to intestinal wall and blood vessels. The detailed structure of the suckers, presence or absence of hooks, and their exact position on the body are major taxonomic keys between species.
395:
338:
476:
have suckers which are modified fins. These fishes use their suckers to cling to substrata or to bigger fishes. In gobies the disc-shaped sucker is formed from fused pelvic fins. Amphidromous gobies particularly use their suckers for climbing through waterfalls during their developmental migrations.
234:
to fishes, on which body they remain attached using a sucker. The sucker is a membranous extension of the posterior end. It has an indistinct stalk and the anterior surface is lined with microvilli. Some portion of the tegument has interconnected surface extension appearing as loops. The interior is
218:
are parasitic and possess an adhesive disc. The sucker is present at the posterior end on the ventral side. It is lined with syncytial epidermis and numerous microvilli. Beneath the apical membrane are many vacuoles and dense bodies. It is attached to the body through a short stalk. Densely packed
353:
to prevent the host from feeling pain while it sucks blood. They use a combination of mucus and suction (caused by concentric muscles in those six segments) to stay attached and secrete an anti-clotting enzyme, hirudin, into the host's blood stream. The medicinal leech
438:
accessory. When the sucker attaches itself on an object, the infundibulum mainly provides adhesion while the central acetabulum is quite free. The sequential muscle contraction the infundibulum and acetabulum causes attachment and detachment.
324:
possess a single sucker at the posterior end of the body, just in front of anus, hence is often called a pre-anal sucker. Only the male roundworms have them, and are used for attachment to female during mating. The sucker is a protruding
422:, having a single sucker at the tip. Each sucker is a circular and bowl-like curved disc. It in turn has two distinct parts: an outer shallow cavity called infundibulum and a central hollow cavity called
122:
adaptation for attachment on the internal tissues of the host, such as intestines and blood vessels. In roundworms and flatworms they serve as attachment between individuals particularly during
304:, the sucker is a posterior extension, connected to the main body through a small stalk. The surface is profusely covered with microvilli. It is used for symbiotic association with fishes.
524:. They have small cups of suckers on their wrists and ankles. They roost inside the rolled leaves of palm trees, using their suckers to attach themselves to the smooth surface.
380:, is where the feeding takes place. During locomotion directional movement of the body is done by successive attachment and detachment of the oral sucker and the acetabulum.
477:
In remoras the sucker is a modified dorsal fin. In lumpsuckers, also known as lumpfish, the sucker is formed from modified pelvic fins, located ventrally, and behind the
30:
134:
between different species, since they are unique in each species. In tapeworms there are two distinct classes of suckers, namely "bothridia" for true suckers, and "
349:
all have an anterior (oral) sucker formed from the first six segments of their body, which is used to connect to a host for feeding. It also releases an
1186:
556:
583:
Stern-Tomlinson W, Nusbaum MP, Perez LE, Kristan WB Jr (1986). "A kinematic study of crawling behavior in the leech, Hirudo medicinalis".
1025:
300:. They are known to have muscular, glandular, and sensory components thought to play some role in blood feeding. In other species like
817:
765:
Neuhaus, Walter (1985). "Die
Arbeitsweise des Bauchsaugnapfes digenetischer Trematoden am Beispiel desDicrocoelium dendriticum".
833:
712:"A review of the Zoogonidae (Digenea: Microphalloidea) from fishes of the waters around New Caledonia, with the description of
146:) posterior to the mouth. Roundworms have their sucker just in front of the anus; hence it is often called a pre-anal sucker.
1239:
1229:
627:
505:
174:
402:
Cephalopods are characterised by elongated appendages for locomotion and grasping objects. There are two main types:
1234:
1224:
509:
178:
1219:
512:, are generally called "sucker-footed bats" because of suckers on their limbs. They are members of the family
423:
365:
282:
143:
48:
656:"Comparative ultrastructural study of the posterior suckers of four species of symbiotic Platyhelminthes,
1202:
1089:"Performance and scaling of a novel locomotor structure: adhesive capacity of climbing gobiid fishes"
369:
123:
949:
920:
Farnesi RM, Marinelli M, Tei S, Vagnetti D (1981). "Morphological and ultrastructural aspects of
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608:
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39:
953:
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485:
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297:
994:
281:, there are two suckers, namely an oral sucker and a ventral sucker (often called
239:. The connective tissues are linked with muscles that extend into the main body.
62:
is a specialised attachment organ of an animal. It acts as an adhesion device in
513:
493:
350:
251:(plural "bothridia") to differentiate it from the sucker-like protrusion called
227:
211:
162:
71:
551:(4 ed.). Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
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cuticle to make a protective surface. It is used for grasping substratum,
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252:
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divided into several compartments which are surrounded by interconnected
182:
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135:
107:
83:
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there are usually an oral sucker at the mouth and a ventral sucker (or
139:
111:
99:
91:
59:
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469:
427:
87:
75:
34:
219:
muscle fibres link the sucker with the main body through the stalk.
292:, buccal organs, also known as buccal suckers, are present in worm
812:(2nd ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 31, 138.
446:
415:
393:
377:
346:
336:
262:
29:
465:
426:. Both these structures are thick muscles, and are covered with
194:
190:
545:"Helminths: Structure, Classification, Growth, and Development"
110:, suckers are the organs of attachment to the host tissues. In
995:"A study of the Comparative Morphology of Cephalopod Armature"
373:
130:. The structure and number of suckers are often used as basic
126:. In annelids, a sucker can be both a functional mouth and a
181:
have unusual suckers on their limbs that are useful during
410:, bearing numerous suckers along its ventral surface; and
1021:"The structure and adhesive mechanism of octopus suckers"
840:. Bioinformatics Centre, North-Eastern Hill University
161:
to substrata. Among fishes some members of the order
193:
have adhesive pads on their toes to help with their
1064:"Learn about octopuses & relatives: locomotion"
1170:
461:– lumpsuckers demonstrating adhesive pelvic discs.
1130:"Climbing gobies have small but powerful suckers"
1087:Maie, T.; Schoenfuss, H. L.; Blob, R. W. (2012).
360:) has two suckers, one at each end, called the
372:while the anterior sucker, consisting of the
8:
1145:
1104:
1038:
896:
741:
731:
368:sucker. The posterior is mainly used for
27:Specialised attachment organ of an animal
924:Whit. (Annelida, Oligochaeta) suckers".
628:"Friendly Flatworms: The Temnocephalida"
538:
536:
312:Parasitic roundworms such as species of
267:Various aspects of anterior sucker of a
1201:Brown University News, December 2009,
859:Park, Sang-Ik; Shin, Sung-Shik (2010).
810:Flynn's Parasites of Laboratory Animals
649:
647:
645:
532:
43:with four suckers and two rows of hooks
341:A medicinal leech with its oral sucker
578:
576:
7:
1177:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
277:Among the flukes belonging to class
1026:Integrative and Comparative Biology
869:Infections in Zoo Rock Partridges,
247:In tapeworms, the sucker is called
877:The Korean Journal of Parasitology
157:have suckers, which are used as a
25:
710:Bray, RA.; Justine, J-L. (2014).
654:Rohde, K.; Watson, N. A. (1995).
630:. Government of Western Australia
398:An octopus displaying its suckers
1203:Bats Don’t Use Suction After All
1019:Kier, W.M.; Smith, A.M. (2002).
504:Certain species of bats such as
214:, only the species of the order
1134:Journal of Experimental Biology
1093:Journal of Experimental Biology
767:Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde
1:
506:Madagascar sucker-footed bat
1173:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
1169:Macdonald, D., ed. (1984).
1062:Octopuses & Relatives.
666:Anoplodiscus cirrusspiralis
98:or substrate. In parasitic
1256:
699:on www.merriam-webster.com
387:
46:
922:Branchiobdella pentodonta
889:10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.253
510:Western sucker-footed bat
179:Western sucker-footed bat
169:that form a sucker. Some
969:"Animals With Tentacles"
808:Baker, David G. (2008).
138:" for false suckers. In
938:10.1002/jmor.1051700206
329:and circular in shape.
49:Sucker (disambiguation)
462:
399:
345:Annelid worms such as
342:
274:
44:
1240:Parasitic protostomes
1230:Platyhelminth anatomy
1040:10.1093/icb/42.6.1146
1001:. Deep Intuition, LLC
450:
397:
340:
266:
33:
679:Folia Parasitologica
549:Medical Microbiology
547:. In Baron S (ed.).
492:. These fish have a
47:For other uses, see
1128:Knight, K. (2012).
714:Overstreetia cribbi
459:Eumicrotremus orbis
132:taxonomic diagnosis
1147:10.1242/jeb.081273
1106:10.1242/jeb.072967
1068:asnailsodyssey.com
836:Heterakis gallinae
779:10.1007/BF00932918
662:Udonella caligorum
597:10.1007/bf00603803
543:Castro GA (1996).
484:A fish family the
463:
400:
357:Hirudo medicinalis
343:
275:
153:, some fishes and
45:
1235:Animal morphology
1188:978-0-87196-871-5
1099:(22): 3925–3936.
967:Boumis R (2013).
733:10.7717/peerj.292
558:978-0-9631172-1-2
255:in some species.
237:connective tissue
16:(Redirected from
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1225:Nematode anatomy
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1033:(6): 1146–1153.
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993:Walla G (2007).
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871:Alectoris graeca
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585:J Comp Physiol A
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128:locomotory organ
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626:Hosie, Andrew.
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390:Cephalopod limb
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140:digeneal flukes
64:parasitic worms
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932:(2): 195–205.
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670:Philophthalmus
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591:(4): 593–603.
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216:Temnocephalida
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165:have modified
90:structure for
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511:
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499:
497:
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491:
488:are known as
487:
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479:pectoral fins
475:
471:
467:
460:
456:
454:
453:Eumicrotremus
449:
442:
440:
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432:catching prey
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414:, such as in
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296:of the order
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288:In the class
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210:In the class
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118:, they are a
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40:Taenia solium
36:
32:
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1137:
1133:
1123:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:
1057:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1003:. Retrieved
998:
988:
977:. Retrieved
972:
962:
929:
925:
921:
915:
883:(3): 253–7.
880:
876:
870:
866:
862:
861:"Concurrent
854:
842:. Retrieved
835:
828:
809:
803:
773:(1): 53–60.
770:
766:
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723:
719:
713:
705:
696:
691:
682:
678:
669:
665:
661:
658:Temnocephala
657:
632:. Retrieved
621:
588:
584:
548:
503:
489:
486:Catostomidae
483:
464:
458:
451:
401:
355:
344:
319:
313:
311:
302:Anoplodiscus
301:
298:Mazocraeidea
287:
276:
248:
246:
226:
209:
201:In helminths
189:such as the
148:
55:
53:
38:
844:14 February
685:(1): 11–28.
634:14 February
514:Myzopodidae
494:suckermouth
474:lumpsuckers
351:anaesthetic
333:In annelids
223:Udonellidae
212:Turbellaria
206:Turbellaria
163:Perciformes
72:cephalopods
18:Oral sucker
1214:Categories
1140:(22): ii.
1073:2013-06-08
1005:2013-06-08
979:2013-06-08
863:Capillaria
697:Bothridium
528:References
522:Madagascar
455:phrynoides
436:locomotory
424:acetabulum
420:cuttlefish
388:See also:
283:acetabulum
249:bothridium
228:Udonellids
195:locomotion
187:amphibians
175:Madagascar
144:acetabulum
108:roundworms
86:. It is a
80:amphibians
74:, certain
66:, several
999:tonmo.com
975:. AOL Inc
973:Pawnation
926:J Morphol
867:Heterakis
428:chitinous
412:tentacles
366:posterior
321:Heterakis
315:Ascaridia
308:Nematodes
294:parasites
290:Monogenea
243:Tapeworms
232:symbiotic
151:chordates
120:parasitic
112:tapeworms
104:flatworms
68:flatworms
1156:23256209
1115:23100486
1049:21680399
954:21324648
907:20877506
795:20727635
752:24688868
726:: e292.
567:21413252
434:and for
384:Molluscs
370:leverage
362:anterior
272:digenean
269:zoogonid
253:bothrium
183:roosting
177:and the
159:holdfast
100:annelids
88:muscular
946:7299828
898:2945802
787:3984451
743:3961169
613:9669237
605:3723440
518:endemic
500:In bats
490:suckers
470:remoras
443:In fish
408:octopus
347:leeches
327:cuticle
279:Digenea
185:. Some
155:mammals
136:bothria
92:suction
60:zoology
1185:
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716:n. sp"
668:, and
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466:Gobies
259:Flukes
173:, the
149:Among
124:mating
116:flukes
82:, and
76:fishes
56:sucker
35:Scolex
950:S2CID
791:S2CID
720:PeerJ
675:(PDF)
609:S2CID
416:squid
378:teeth
94:on a
1183:ISBN
1152:PMID
1111:PMID
1045:PMID
942:PMID
903:PMID
865:and
846:2014
814:ISBN
783:PMID
748:PMID
660:sp,
636:2014
601:PMID
563:PMID
553:ISBN
516:and
508:and
472:and
457:and
418:and
404:arms
376:and
364:and
318:and
230:are
191:frog
171:bats
167:fins
114:and
106:and
96:host
84:bats
1179:807
1142:doi
1138:215
1101:doi
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930:170
893:PMC
885:doi
775:doi
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728:doi
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593:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
