Ordnance Survey - Knowledge (XXG)

397: 931:", modelled on the earlier Ireland survey. A start was made on mapping the whole country, county by county, at six inches to the mile (1:10,560). In 1854, "twenty-five inch" maps were introduced with a scale of 1:2500 (25.344 inches to the mile) and the six inch maps were then based on these twenty-five inch maps. The first edition of the two scales was completed by the 1890s, with a second edition completed in the 1890s and 1900s. From 1907 till the early 1940s, a third edition (or "second revision") was begun but never completed: only areas with significant changes on the ground were revised, many two or three times. Meanwhile, publication of the one-inch to the mile series for Great Britain was completed in 1891. 377: 2416:(i.e. a commercial entity) from 1999 to 2015. This meant that it is supposed to be entirely self-funded from the commercial sale of its data and derived products whilst at the same time the public supplier of geographical information. In 1985, the Committee of Enquiry into the Handling of Geographic Information was set up to "advise the Secretary of State for the Environment within two years on the future handling of geographic information in the UK, taking account of modern developments in information technology and market needs". The committee's final report, published in 1987 under the name of its chairman 957:

1:528 and became known as the "sanitary scale" since its primary purpose was to support establishment of mains sewerage and water supply. However, a review of the Ordnance Survey in 1892 found that sales of the 1:500 series maps were very poor and the Treasury declined to fund their continuing maintenance, declaring that any revision or new mapping at this scale must be self-financing. Very few towns and cities saw a second edition of the town plans: by 1909 only fourteen places had paid for updates. The review determined that revision of 1:2500 mapping should proceed apace.

782: 663: 2281:, but large numbers of the triangulation pillars remain, many of them adopted by private land owners. The Ordnance Survey still has a team of surveyors across Great Britain who visit in person and survey areas that cannot be surveyed using photogrammetric methods (such as land obscured by vegetation) and there is an aim of ensuring that any major feature (such as a new motorway or large housing development) is surveyed within six months of being built. While original survey methods were largely manual, the current surveying task is simplified by the use of 1276: 1197: 1950:

the right to view the maps on a PC, a laptop, and a pocket PC/smartphone, and to print off any number of copies. The accompanying software is GPS-aware, and the maps are ready-calibrated. Thus, the user can quickly transfer the desired area from their PC to their laptop or smartphone, and go for a drive or walk with their position continually pinpointed on the screen. The individual map is more expensive than the equivalent paper version, but the price per square km falls rapidly with the size of coverage bought.

5311: 220: 2451:. Various groups and individuals had campaigned for this release of data, but some were disappointed when some of the profitable datasets, including the leisure 1:50,000 scale and 1:25,000 scale mapping, as well as the low scale Mastermap were not included. These were withheld with the counter-argument that if licensees do not pay for OS data collection then the government would have to be willing to foot a £30 million per annum bill to obtain the future economic benefit of sharing the mapping. 994: 1474: 1002: 230: 2555: 67: 2247: 866: 264: 5848: 550:, as other military matters took precedence. It took until 1823 to re-establish the relationship with the French survey made by Roy in 1787. By 1810, one-inch-to-the-mile maps of most of the south of England were completed, but they were withdrawn from sale between 1811 and 1816 because of security fears. By 1840, the one-inch survey had covered all of Wales and all but the six northernmost counties of England. 5860: 1181: 272: 2528:: works more than fifty years old, including historic surveys of Britain and Ireland and much of the New Popular Edition, are in the public domain. However, finding suitable originals remains an issue as the Ordnance Survey does not provide historical mapping on "free" terms, instead marketing commercially "enhanced" reproductions in partnership with companies including GroundSure and Landmark. 611: 557:, the longest-serving Director General of the Ordnance Survey, walked 586 mi (943 km) in 22 days on a reconnaissance in 1819. In 1824, Colby and most of his staff moved to Ireland to work on a six-inches-to-the-mile (1:10,560) valuation survey. The survey of Ireland, county by county, was completed in 1846. The suspicions and tensions it caused in rural Ireland are the subject of 2385:

The Ordnance Survey actively supports the academic research community through its external research and university liaison team. The research department actively supports MSc and PhD students as well as engaging in collaborative research. Most Ordnance Survey products are available to UK universities

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The digitisation of the data has allowed the Ordnance Survey to sell maps electronically. Several companies are now licensed to produce the popular scales (1:50,000 and 1:25,000) and their own derived datasets of the map on CD/DVD or to make them available online for download. The buyer typically has

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Launched in February 2014 and available on iOS and Android, the free app is a fast and highly accurate means of pinpointing a users exact location and displays grid reference, latitude, longitude and altitude. OS Locate does not need a mobile signal to function, so the inbuilt GPS system in a device

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Available on iOS and Android, the free to download app allows users to access maps direct to their devices, plan and record routes and share routes with others. Users can subscribe and download OS Landranger and OS Explorer high-resolution maps in 660dpi quality and use them without incurring roaming

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Colby was not only involved in the design of specialist measuring equipment. He also established a systematic collection of place names, and reorganised the map-making process to produce clear, accurate plans. Place names were recorded in "Name Books", a system first used in Ireland. The instructions

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The Ordnance Survey produces a wide variety of different products aimed at business users, such as utility companies and local authorities. The data is supplied by the Ordnance Survey on optical media or increasingly, via the Internet. Products can be downloaded via FTP or accessed 'on demand' via a

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From 1824, the OS began a 6-inch (1:10,560) survey of Ireland for taxation purposes but found this to be inadequate for urban areas and adopted the five-foot scale (1:1056) for Irish cities and towns. From 1840, the six-inch standard was adopted in Great Britain for the un-surveyed northern counties

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service based on digital raster data that allows a customer to specify the area of the map or maps desired. Two scales are offered – 1:50,000 (equivalent to 40 km by 40 km) or 1:25,000 (20 km by 20 km) – and the maps may be produced either folded or

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The persons employed on the survey are to endeavour to obtain the correct orthography of the names of places by diligently consulting the best authorities within their reach. The name of each place is to be inserted as it is commonly spelt, in the first column of the name book and the various modes

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Wikimedia has complete sets of scans of the Old/First series one-inch maps of England and Wales; of the Old/First series one-inch maps of Scotland; of the Seventh Series One-inch maps of Great Britain (1952–1967); of the Third Edition quarter-inch maps of England and Wales; and of the Fifth Series

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With the trend away from paper products towards geographical information systems (GISs), the Ordnance Survey has been looking into ways of ensuring schoolchildren are made aware of the benefits of GISs and has launched "MapZone", an interactive child-orientated website featuring learning resources

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were mapped at 1:500 (126 inches), 1:528 (120 inches, "10 foot scale") or 1:1056 (60 inches), with the remaining towns mapped at 1:2500 (~25 inches). In 1855, the Treasury authorised funding for 1:2500 for rural areas and 1:500 for urban areas. The 1:500 scale was considered more 'rational' than

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purposes, in a variety of large scales that included details of military significance such as dockyards, naval installations, fortifications and military camps. Apart from a brief period during the disarmament talks of the 1930s, these areas were left blank or incomplete on standard maps. The War

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In 2010, OS announced that printing and warehouse operations were to be outsourced, ending over 200 years of in-house printing. The Frome-based firm Butler, Tanner and Dennis (BT&D) secured its printing contract. As already stated, large-scale maps had not been printed at the Ordnance Survey

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Specifically designed for walkers and cyclists. They have orange covers, and contain 403 sheets covering the whole of Great Britain (the Isle of Man is excluded from this series). These are the most detailed leisure maps that the Ordnance Survey publish and cover all types of footpaths and most

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In 1995, the Ordnance Survey digitised the last of about 230,000 maps, making the United Kingdom the first country in the world to complete a programme of large-scale electronic mapping. By the late 1990s technological developments had eliminated the need for vast areas for storing maps and for

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many 1:2500 sheets covering built-up areas to 1:1250 (50.688 inches to the mile) for Land Valuation and Inland Revenue purposes: the increased scale was to provide space for annotations. About a quarter of these 1:1250s were marked "Partially revised 1912/13". In areas where there were no

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Paper maps represent only 5% of the company's annual revenue. It produces digital map data, online route planning and sharing services and mobile apps, plus many other location-based products for business, government and consumers. Ordnance Survey mapping is usually classified as either

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In addition, SABRE Maps provides free access to OS mapping from the end of World War 1 to the 1970s at small and intermediate scale mapping, including 1:25000, One Inch, Half Inch, Quarter Inch and Ten Mile scales, usually with a wider coverage of individual revisions than the NLS.

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The most detailed mapping of London was the OS's 1:1056 survey between 1862 and 1872, which took 326 sheets to cover the capital; a second edition (which needed 759 sheets because of urban expansion) was completed and brought out between 1891 and 1895. London was unusual in that

638:. By the time Colby retired in 1846, the production of six-inch maps of Ireland was complete. This had led to a demand for similar treatment in England, and work was proceeding on extending the six-inch map to northern England, but only a three-inch scale for most of Scotland. 1160:

technology (in the form of a single machine) had also rendered the photographic platemaking areas obsolete. Part of the latter was converted into a new conference centre in 2000, which was used for internal events and also made available for external organisations to hire.

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data is never more than six months out of date. The scale and detail of this mapping project is unique. By 2009, around 440 million TOIDs had been assigned, and the database stood at 600 gigabytes in size. As of March 2011, OS claims 450 million TOIDs. As of 2005,

1327:, consisting of vector data comprising large-scale representation of features in the real world, such as buildings and areas of vegetation. The features captured and the way they are depicted is listed in a specification available on the Ordnance Survey website. 5420: 1366:

ITN was withdrawn in April 2019 and replaced by OS MasterMap Highways Network The Address layers were withdrawn in about 2016 with the information now being available in the AddressBase products – so as of 2020, MasterMap consists of Topography and Imagery.

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was launched and a 1:25000-scale series of maps was introduced. The one-inch maps continued to be produced until the 1970s, when they were superseded by the 1:50000-scale series – as proposed by William Roy more than two centuries earlier.

2271:): short (c. 4 feet/1.2 m high), usually square, concrete or stone pillars at prominent locations such as hill tops. Their precise locations were determined by triangulation, and the details in between were then filled in with less precise methods. 1131:

nearby, when a new purpose-built headquarters was opened in Maybush adjacent to the wartime temporary buildings there. Some of the remaining buildings of the original Southampton city-centre site are now used as part of the city's court complex.

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following shortly afterwards. The Kent map was published privately and stopped at the county border, while the Essex maps were published by the Ordnance Survey and ignored the county border, setting the trend for future Ordnance Survey maps.

484:(1783–1853), and led to the creation of the Ordnance Survey itself. Roy's technical skills and leadership set the high standard for which the Ordnance Survey became known. Work was begun in earnest in 1790 under Roy's supervision, when the 2411:

The Ordnance Survey has been subject to criticism. Most centres on the point that Ordnance Survey possesses a virtual government monopoly on geographic data in the UK, but, although a government agency, it has been required to act as a

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North, South, East and West. Each map pack contains 12 cycle routes printed on individual map sheets on waterproof paper. While they are based on the 1:25,000 scale maps, the scales have been adjusted so each route fits on a single A4

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maps are generally produced from enlargements of 1:250,000 mapping. Several larger scale town maps are provided on each sheet for major settlement centres. The maps have sky-blue covers and there are eight sheets in the series. Scales

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The Ordnance Survey's CartoDesign team performs a key role in the organisation, as the authority for cartographic design and development, and engages with internal and external audiences to promote and communicate the value of

480:(RE), rising to the rank of General, and he was largely responsible for the British share of the work in determining the relative positions of the French and British royal observatories. This work was the starting point of the 3846: 1123:. Staff were dispersed to other buildings and to temporary accommodation at Chessington and Esher, Surrey, where they produced 1:25000 scale maps of France, Italy, Germany and most of the rest of Europe in preparation for 4964: 1139:

for 4000 staff, including many new recruits who were taken on in the late 1960s and early 1970s as draughtsmen and surveyors. The buildings originally contained factory-floor space for photographic processes such as

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Adds further information to the Address layer, such as addresses with multiple occupants (blocks of flats, student houses, etc.) and objects with no postal addresses, such as fields and electricity substations.

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In 2013, the Ordnance Survey released its first official app, OS MapFinder (still available, but no longer maintained), and has since added three more apps. In 2021, OS Maps added coverage in Australia.

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Available as a web page – it allows users to access maps from the web using modern web browsers, planning of custom routes and printing of maps is possible similarly to what the mobile applications can

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at 1:50,000 and given 1 km gridlines. This means that features from over 150 years ago fit almost exactly over their modern equivalents and modern grid references can be given to old features.

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making printing plates by hand. Although there was a small computer section at the Ordnance Survey in the 1960s, the digitising programme had replaced the need for printing large-scale maps, while

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further 1:2500s, these partially revised "fifty inch" sheets represent the last large-scale revision (larger than six-inch) of the County Series. The County Series mapping was superseded by the

350:. Small-scale mapping for leisure use includes the 1:25,000 "Explorer" series, the 1:50,000 "Landranger" series and the 1:250,000 road maps. These are still available in traditional sheet form. 334:" (in other words, more detailed) or "small-scale". The Survey's large-scale mapping comprises 1:2,500 maps for urban areas and 1:10,000 more generally. (The latter superseded the 1:10,560 "six 2539:(SABRE) also has a large easily available archive for large numbers of Ordnance Survey maps across all of Great Britain, often with almost complete complete sets of all relevant map revisions. 4167: 2543:

quarter-inch maps of Great Britain. These sets are complete in the sense of including at least one copy of each of the sheets in the series, not in the sense of including all revision levels.

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was at version 6; 2010's version 8 includes provision for Urban Paths (an extension of the "integrated transport network" layer) and pre-build address layer. All these versions have a similar

2763: 6793: 5333: 3516: 4886: 4095: 6823: 5383: 731:. Hall was enthusiastic about extending the survey of the north of England to a scale of 1:2,500. In 1855, the Board of Ordnance was abolished and the Ordnance Survey was placed under the 319: 166: 4912: 1249: 5543: 5393: 4416: 3838: 603:

Colby believed in leading from the front, travelling with his men, helping to build camps and, as each survey session drew to a close, arranging mountain-top parties with enormous

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using unsuitable roads, a data-capture programme of "Road Routing Information" was undertaken by 2015, aiming to add information such as height restrictions and one-way streets.

5451: 6818: 2331:, Cornwall, between 1915 and 1921. In 2016 the Ordnance Survey redefined Ordnance Datum Newlyn causing a general upwards shift of circa 25mm; an effect of this included the 1453: 3877: 3702: 1144:

and map printing, as well as large buildings for storing flat maps. Above the industrial areas were extensive office areas. The complex was notable for its concrete mural.

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Paula Aucott; Humphrey Southall; Carol Ekinsmyth (11 February 2019). "Citizen science through old maps: Volunteer motivations in the GB1900 gazetteer-building project".

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the government announced that a package of Ordnance Survey data sets would be released for free use and re-use. On 1 April 2010 the Ordnance Survey released the brand

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maps. In May 2015 the Ordnance Survey announced that the new release of OL series maps would come with a mobile download version, available through a dedicated app on

634:, and remained a branch of the Ordnance Survey until 1965. At the same time, the uneven quality of the English and Scottish maps was being improved by engravers under 3980: 1882:

The Ordnance Survey supplies reproductions of its maps from the early 1970s to the 1990s for educational use. These are widely seen in schools both in Britain and in

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provides free access to OS mapping from 1840 to 1970, in a variety of scales from 1:1056 "five foot" maps of London to 1:625,000 "ten mile" national planning maps.

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on prominent hilltops as infallible positions for theodolites. Each measurement made by theodolite during the retriangulation was repeated no fewer than 32 times.

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index maps and the OS mapped the whole London County Council area (at 1:1056) at national expense. Placenames from the second edition were used in 2016 by the

1234:, with the move completed in April 2015. The organisation remains fully owned by the UK government and retains many of the features of a public organisation. 4750: 4717: 4626: 4824: 4776: 943:. The de-classified sheets have now been deposited in some of the Copyright Libraries, helping to complete the map-picture of pre-Second World War Britain. 6843: 4960: 3812: 953: 928: 860: 727:) in 1841, and Yolland was put in charge, but Hall sent him off to Ireland so that when Hall left in 1854 Yolland was again passed over in favour of Major 6848: 5424: 1301:, a database that records, in one continuous digital map, every fixed feature of Great Britain larger than a few metres. Every feature is given a unique 511:(an improved successor to the one that Roy had used in 1784), and work began on mapping southern Great Britain using a 5 mi (8 km) baseline on 934:

From the late 19th century to the early 1940s, the OS produced many "restricted" versions of the County Series maps and other War Department sheets for

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The Ordnance Survey had outgrown its site in the centre of Southampton (made worse by the bomb damage of the Second World War). The bombing during the

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of spelling it used in books, writings &c. are to be inserted in the second column, with the authority placed in the third column opposite to each.

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One-sheet maps covering a generally county-sized area, showing major and most minor roads and containing tourist information and selected footpaths.

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was by then Director General, and he saw how photography could be used to make maps of various scales cheaply and easily. He developed and exploited

6858: 2755: 2420:, stressed the importance of accessible geographic information to the UK and recommended a loosening of policies on distribution and cost recovery. 751: 543: 481: 3506: 5898: 4093: 2423:

In 2007 the Ordnance Survey were criticised for contracting the public relations company Mandate Communications to understand the dynamics of the

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was appointed Archaeology Officer and played a prominent role in developing the use of aerial photography to deepen understanding of archaeology.

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has been developing its archive to make Ordnance Survey maps for all of Great Britain more easily available through their website., whilst the

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By 10 February 2011 virtually all staff had relocated to the new "Explorer House" building and the old site had been sold off and redeveloped.

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data depends on the total area requested, the layers licensed, the number of TOIDs in the layers, and the period in years of the data usage.

4934: 6670: 5568: 5548: 5538: 4688: 4077: 2610: 1420:. Every real-world object is assigned a unique reference number (TOID) that allows customers to add this reference to their own databases. 489: 376: 5528: 4405: 2289:

known as "OS Net". These are used for surveying and other organisations can purchase the right to utilise the network for their own uses.

888:. Official procrastination followed, but the development of the railways added to pressure that resulted in the Ordnance Survey Act 1841 ( 457:

charged Watson with making a military survey of the Highlands under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. Among Watson's assistants were

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consists of several so-called "layers" such as the aerial imagery, transport and postcode. The principal layer is the topographic layer.

1074: 450: 35: 5034: 3221: 6838: 6788: 6660: 6603: 6209: 5028: 3958: 3672: 3584: 2632: 2282: 1136: 728: 434: 4986: 1897:. By the end of 2010, when the scheme closed, over 6 million maps had been given away. The scheme was replaced by free access to the 5194: 5128: 5090: 4451: 2993: 4882: 2876:"[Maps of Ham Street] / reproduced from a stamp designed by Howard Brown and issued by the Royal Mail on 17 September 1991" 1874:), from its large-scale digital data. Custom scales may also be produced from the enlargement or reduction of the existing scales. 715:

as his successor, but he was considered too young and the less experienced Lewis Alexander Hall was appointed. After a fire in the

416: 4368: 3624: 6828: 6813: 5275: 4560: 3869: 3798: 3698: 2590: 2417: 2352: 1224: 1127:. Until 1969, the Ordnance Survey largely remained at its Southampton city centre HQ and at temporary buildings in the suburb of 1097: 786: 667: 3479: 6214: 5707: 2644: 2424: 2286: 466: 5316: 3907: 6798: 5434: 5170: 2639: 2379: 1883: 742:

The primary triangulation of the United Kingdom of Roy, Mudge and Yolland was completed by 1841, but was greatly improved by

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technology, allowing the most precise surveying standards yet. The Ordnance Survey is responsible for a UK-wide network of

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web browser. Organisations using Ordnance Survey data have to purchase a licence to do so. Some of the main products are:

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c. 30). This granted a right to enter property for the purpose of the survey. Following a fire at its headquarters at the

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agreement and data is also made available for research purposes that advances the Ordnance Survey's own research agenda.

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together with the Topographical Survey and the Depot of Military Knowledge. Eventually in 1870 it was transferred to the

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on transfer of title was made compulsory there in 1900. The 1:1056 sheets were partially revised to provide a basis for

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An Act to authorize and facilitate the Completion of a Survey of Great Britain, Berwick upon Tweed, and the Isle of Man.

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Part of an Ordnance Survey map, at the scale of one inch to the mile, from a New Popular Edition map published in 1946

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On 22 January 2015 plans were announced for the organisation to move from a trading fund model to a government-owned

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During the 2000s, in an attempt to increase schoolchildren's awareness of maps, the Ordnance Survey offered a free

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An experimental range of maps designed to support specific activities. The four map packs currently published are

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On the British mainland for recording heights the Ordnance Survey maintains an orthometric system referenced to

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OS MasterMap is offered in themed layers, each linked to a number of TOIDs. In September 2010, the layers were:

1275: 6778: 5982: 5977: 5942: 5907: 5442: 2448: 1305:(TOpographical IDentifier), a simple identifier that includes no semantic information. Typically, each TOID is 635: 381: 5259: 4231: 412: 4335: 4141: 2676: 2660: 2474: 1936: 1867:

flat for framing or wall mounting. Customers may provide their own titles and cover images for folded maps.

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A link-and-node network of transport features such as roads and railways. This data is at the heart of many

1051: 877: 430: 310:. There was also a more general and nationwide need in light of the potential threat of invasion during the 307: 295: 183: 31: 4743:"The Ordnance Survey has opened up its map data for free after a long campaign. Find out what was released" 4596: 465:

and John Manson. The survey was produced at a scale of 1 inch to 1,000 yards (1:36,000) and included "

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Committee was established to review the Ordnance Survey's future. The new Director General, Major-General

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For several decades the Ordnance Survey has had a research department that is active in several areas of

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devices. It is expected that this will be rolled out to all the Explorer and Landranger series over time.

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in 1990, making the organisation independent of ministerial control. In 1999 the agency was designated a

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The Davidson Committee's final report set the Ordnance Survey on course for the 20th century. The metric

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From 1911 onwards – and mainly between 1911 and 1913 – the Ordnance Survey

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The "general purpose" map. They have pink covers; 204 sheets cover the whole of Great Britain and the

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Whilst these procedures generally produced excellent results, mistakes were made: for instance, the

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In 1801, the first one-inch-to-the-mile (1:63,360 scale) map was published, detailing the county of

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and was in disarray for several years, with arguments about which scales to use. Major-General Sir

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copied an error on an earlier map, and was retained as this was the name of a corner of one of the

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marked the bicentenary by issuing a set of postage stamps featuring maps of the Kentish village of

492:) began a national military survey starting with the south coast of England. Roy's birthplace near 5859: 3095: 1220:

In April 2009 building began of a new head office in Adanac Park on the outskirts of Southampton.

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charges as maps are stored on the device and can be used offline – without WiFi or mobile signal.

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the Ordnance Survey's most detailed mapping showing individual buildings and other features in a

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proposed the compilation of a map of the Highlands to help in pacifying the region. In response,

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Other data would be made available free up to small businesses (under a transaction threshold)

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An Act to amend the Law relating to the Surveys of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Isle of Man.

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During the next 20 years, about a third of England and Wales was mapped at the same scale (see

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The Ordnance Survey publishes a quarterly journal, principally for geography teachers, called

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The Ordnance Survey also produces more detailed custom mapping to order, at 1:1,250 or 1:500 (

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A double-sided map designed for long-distance road users, covering the whole of Great Britain.

1157: 1116: 1089: 1067: 962: 631: 497: 485: 401: 323: 3005: 2316:(Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936) and was introduced after the 1936–1953 retriangulation. 6752: 6737: 6732: 6712: 6563: 6538: 6502: 6497: 6432: 6366: 6270: 6179: 6174: 6164: 6138: 6085: 6012: 5952: 5927: 5788: 5765: 5737: 5573: 5471: 5397: 5219: 5018: 3435: 3419: 3213: 1165: 1141: 1078: 966: 905: 581: 516: 358: 4565:

Handling Geographic Information. Report of the Committee of Enquiry chaired by Lord Chorley

3171: 1939:, is a reprint of the Ordnance Survey first series from the mid-19th century but using the 839: 66: 6757: 6697: 6608: 6533: 6477: 6427: 6070: 5967: 5828: 5494: 4227: 4099: 4081: 3984: 3965: 2569: 2525: 1863: 1707:

maps, except for the numbering and a little yellow mark on the corner (a relic of the old

1417: 1284: 1253: 1231: 893: 736: 716: 712: 477: 470: 420: 385: 311: 5876: 4441: 2427:

and discover which politicians and advisers continued to support their current policies.

3616: 1886:, either as stand-alone geographic aids or as part of geography textbooks or workbooks. 952:

and the 1:1056 scale also began to be adopted for urban surveys. Between 1842 and 1895,

865: 17: 6722: 6687: 6628: 6583: 6482: 6467: 6361: 6336: 6290: 6244: 6239: 6075: 6007: 5813: 5808: 5798: 5747: 5693: 5421:

Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Future Digital Economy and Online Safety

5310: 5052: 2665: 2600: 2595: 2470: 2372: 2324: 2320: 2297: 1943: 1378:

can be used to generate maps for a vast array of purposes and maps can be printed from

1149: 889: 881: 809: 512: 263: 219: 54: 5279: 2524:

Ordnance Survey historical works are generally available, as the agency is covered by

2246: 1695:

branded sheets within the Explorer series show areas of greater interest (such as the

1152:

and the concrete elliptical paraboloid shell roof over the staff restaurant building.

6772: 6682: 6568: 6492: 6457: 6437: 6341: 6305: 6159: 6143: 6128: 5932: 5852: 5818: 2650: 2264: 1696: 1059: 1050:

1:30,000 map of the Netherlands with manuscript outline of districts occupied by the

913: 547: 1803:

maps, were discontinued during January 2010 as part of a drive for cost-efficiency.

6717: 6677: 6598: 6578: 6543: 6528: 6422: 6417: 6387: 6265: 5864: 5823: 5803: 5415: 5406: 3899: 3511: 2920:. Chessington: The Director General at the Ordnance Survey Office. 1947. p. 2. 2413: 1306: 1297: 1169: 1063: 940: 870: 822: 700: 604: 593: 253: 3423: 2717:

The Ordnance Survey deals only with maps of Great Britain, and, to an extent, the

1260:

initiative, which encourages users to walk on lesser used paths between UK towns.

1180: 298:

for Great Britain. The agency's name indicates its original military purpose (see

271: 5223: 342:" scale in the 1950s.) These large scale maps are typically used in professional 318:, 100% in public ownership. The Ordnance Survey Board remains accountable to the 314:. Since 1 April 2015, the Ordnance Survey has operated as Ordnance Survey Ltd, a 6702: 6650: 6588: 6558: 6487: 6412: 6382: 6320: 6275: 5833: 5727: 5553: 5446: 2718: 2622: 2585: 2560: 2455: 2340: 1636: 1263:

On 7 February 2023, ownership of Ordnance Survey Ltd passed to the newly formed

1189: 897: 619: 610: 585: 558: 462: 458: 331: 279: 275: 241: 108: 2875: 2721:, but not Northern Ireland, which has its own, separate government agency, the 912:

of nationally important manuscripts. Between 1861 and 1864, a facsimile of the

6573: 6351: 6315: 6310: 6060: 5752: 5489: 5387: 4577: 2550: 2492:

OS MasterMap Topography Layer, including building heights and functional sites

2275: 2268: 1932: 1703:, etc.) with an enlarged area coverage. They appear identical to the ordinary 1661: 1495: 1347: 1295:

The Ordnance Survey's flagship digital product, launched in November 2001, is

935: 732: 520: 501: 442: 347: 162: 3431: 1085:, so the original Ordnance Survey pulled its coverage back to Great Britain. 869:

The cover of the 5th series OS map Chelmsford and Southend sheet 108. Art by

849:

as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from

130: 117: 6655: 6623: 6224: 6199: 6080: 6065: 5793: 5732: 4685:"Ordnance Survey launches OS OpenData in groundbreaking national initiative" 3750: 3589: 2955: 1924: 1257: 921: 909: 755: 524: 354: 303: 299: 249: 5154:

Ordnance Survey of Great Britain: Indexes to the 1:2500 and six-inch scales

3998:"Ordnance Survey maps undergo their greatest innovation for over 200 years" 2484:

TOIDs from OS MasterMap Topography Layer, by integration into OpenMap Local

4251: 3772: 3439: 2473:, it was announced that parts of OS Mastermap would be released under the 1975:

Main OS Great Britain 1:63360 (1 inch to 1 mile) and 1:50000 publications

1477:

Illustration of the Ordnance Survey National Grid coordinate system, with

1237:

In September 2015 the history of the Ordnance Survey was the subject of a

1009:

During World War I, the Ordnance Survey was involved in preparing maps of

6050: 4773:"New Ordnance Survey Linked Data service proving popular with developers" 4286:

Map Cover Art: A pictorial history of Ordnance Survey cover illustrations

3758: 2848: 2443: 2332: 1795:

A series of eight sheets covering Great Britain, designed for road users.

1452:

Mapping showing administrative boundaries such as counties, parishes and

1238: 1029: 977: 588:

labelled the wrong route, but the name stuck. Similarly, the spelling of

389: 343: 245: 1898: 1256:

of the Ordnance Survey. The Ordnance Survey supported the launch of the

6523: 6035: 4192: 2387: 2293: 1185: 1128: 1062:, then Director General, developed a strategy using covers designed by 1022: 927:

From the 1840s, the Ordnance Survey concentrated on the Great Britain "

723:

taking over buildings previously occupied by a military orphanage (the

589: 493: 408: 257: 3813:"Slow Ways project shows how covid made us re-think urban environment" 884:

led to calls for a similar six-inch to the mile survey in England and

361:

hold complete or near-complete collections of pre-digital OS mapping.

346:

contexts and were available as sheets until the 1980s, when they were

5059: 2459: 2328: 2313: 1382:

data with detail equivalent to a traditional 1:1250 scale paper map.

973:

project to crowd-source an open-licensed gazetteer of Great Britain.

970: 908:, not only to reduce the costs of map production but also to publish 5412:

Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for AI and Digital Government

5304: 3585:"BT&D awarded map contract as Ordnance Survey bows out of print" 997:

Front cover of a one-inch to the mile New Popular Edition, from 1945

208: 6854:

Geographic data and information organisations in the United Kingdom

5255: 2095:"Large sheet series" in colour; also district and tourist editions 1227:

officially opened the new headquarters building on 4 October 2011.

1073:

In 1922, devolution in Northern Ireland led to the creation of the

6030: 5716: 5659: 2686: 2245: 1902: 1274: 1195: 1179: 1000: 992: 885: 864: 609: 600:, despite "Scawfell" being the almost universal form at the time. 535: 395: 375: 270: 262: 228: 4137: 2956:"Ordnance Survey Maps Six-inch, 1st edition, Scotland, 1843–1882" 2577:, Director of Surveys and Production at Ordnance Survey 1982–1992 1485:

OS's range of leisure maps are published in a variety of scales:

515:

that Roy himself had previously measured; it crosses the present

5228:. Vol. I. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 167–68. 4627:"Policy options for geographic information from Ordnance Survey" 4164:"Ordnance Survey Maps, London, Five feet to the Mile, 1893–1896" 1302: 531: 449:

so that they could be put on trial. In 1747, Lieutenant-Colonel

339: 335: 5880: 5689: 5329: 4406:"OSGM15 and OSTN15: Updated transformations for UK and Ireland" 3094:. Vol. 4. Parliament of the United Kingdom. 1851. p. 1639:. The map shows all footpaths and the format is similar to the 1017:. During World War II, many more maps were created, including: 429:

The origins of the Ordnance Survey lie in the aftermath of the

6055: 5742: 4775:(Press release). Ordnance Survey. 17 July 2013. Archived from 4446: 2509: 2439:

Policy options for geographic information from Ordnance Survey

1728: 1119:

devastated Southampton in November 1940 and destroyed most of

437:

realised that the British Army did not have a good map of the

3507:"How did a giant sculpture end up gathering moss in a field?" 2689:, a device for accurate reading of grid references from a map 1385:

The Ordnance Survey states that thanks to continuous review,

1283:

The Ordnance Survey produces a large range of paper maps and

3773:"Steve Blair to join Ordnance Survey as new Chief Executive" 3393: 3391: 3389: 3313: 3311: 3286: 3284: 630:

was founded in 1835 as the Ordnance Geological Survey under

3376: 3374: 2513: 2481:

property extents created from OS MasterMap Topography Layer

985:

1:1250s, 1:2500s and 1:10,560s after the Second World War.

3959:

Public sector mapping agreements | Business and government

3699:"Ordnance Survey set to become a Government owned company" 1935:

in book format. One series of historic maps, published by

1356:

An overlay adding every address in the UK to other layers.

4856: 320:

Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology

167:

Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology

5685: 3029:. Windermere: John Garnett – via Internet Archive. 2454:

In mid-2013 the Ordnance Survey described an "enhanced"

500:

is today marked by a memorial in the form of a large OS

4597:"Ordnance Survey hires PR company to lobby politicians" 3055: 3053: 3051: 2312:

to indicate position. The Grid is known technically as

1250:

Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

5544:

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

5394:

Minister of State for Science, Research and Innovation

3480:"Southampton Blitz: Ordnance Survey map of bomb sites" 4442:"Calf Top Cumbrian hill re-categorised as a mountain" 2135:

large sheets; often mistakenly called Fourth Edition

1100:, an immense task involving the erection of concrete 5163:

Ordnance Survey Maps: a concise guide for historians

5121:

Old Series Ordnance Survey Maps of England and Wales

5054:

Map of a Nation – A biography of the Ordnance Survey

2292:

The Ordnance Survey still maintains a set of master

1691:

details of the countryside for easy navigation. The

1464:

1:10,000, 1:25,000, 1:50,000, 1:250,000 scale raster

939:

Department 1:2500s, unlike the standard issue, were

6641: 6511: 6375: 6329: 6253: 6152: 6121: 6114: 6021: 5915: 5632: 5609: 5589: 5516: 5503: 5470: 5433: 5373: 4187: 4185: 3006:"Dorothy Wordsworth's ascent of Scafell Pike, 1818" 2465:In June 2018, following the recommendations of the 1927:offers OS data as a layer for the whole of the UK. 896:in 1841 the Ordnance Survey relocated to a site in 845: 838: 831: 821: 816: 803: 793: 699: 694: 684: 674: 648: 357:for 50 years after their publication. Some of the 202: 192: 175: 155: 147: 104: 96: 78: 73: 5559:Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council 5403:Minister of State for Data Protection and Telecoms 5183:Ordnance Survey – Map Makers to Britain Since 1791 5051: 3870:"How can OS data help with safe routing for HGVs?" 3839:"Making Government Deliver for the British People" 2918:A Description of Ordnance Survey Large Scale Plans 2537:Society for All British and Irish Road Enthusiasts 2462:1.1-compliant endpoint and bulk-download options. 2447:under an attribution-only licence compatible with 2250:The Ordnance Survey maps of Great Britain use the 1307:associated with a polygon that represents the area 947:City and town mapping, 19th and early 20th century 6794:Department for Science, Innovation and Technology 5357:Department for Science, Innovation and Technology 3172:"Records of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain" 2274:Modern Ordnance Survey maps are largely based on 2263:The Ordnance Survey's original maps were made by 1265:Department for Science, Innovation and Technology 1135:The new head office building was designed by the 1066:to increase sales in the leisure market. In 1920 469:" (primarily by Watson and Roy), now held in the 197:Department for Science, Innovation and Technology 34:. For the former agency of Northern Ireland, see 6824:Government-owned companies of the United Kingdom 4529:Arthur, Charles; Cross, Michael (9 March 2006). 4369:"A Guide to Coordinate Systems in Great Britain" 3042:Climbs on the Scawfell Group – A Climbers' Guide 2437:In response to the feedback from a consultation 2304:. Ordnance Survey maps of Great Britain use the 1432:A customisable vector product at 1:10,000 scale. 306:), which was to map Scotland in the wake of the 4667:Department for Communities and Local Government 4634:Department for Communities and Local Government 3978:OS MasterMap products | Business and government 3751:"A Very British Map: The Ordnance Survey Story" 1970:History of 1:63360 and 1:50000 map publications 1751:maps in a plastic-laminated waterproof version. 1337:systems. In an attempt to reduce the number of 573: 5100:Kain, Roger J. P.; Oliver, Richard R. (2015). 4961:"Third Edition quarter-inch England and Wales" 4084:. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved on 12 April 2014. 3987:. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved on 12 April 2014. 3968:. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved on 12 April 2014. 3647:"Ordnance Survey breaks ground at Adanac Park" 3122:"ROYAL MILITARY ASYLUM. (Hansard, 4 May 1854)" 3044:(1st ed.). Fell & Rock Climbing Club. 1719:series, superseded the numerous green-covered 1668:range. As of October 2009, 25 of the 204 754:. The following year, he completed an initial 719:, the headquarters of the survey was moved to 5892: 5701: 5341: 4883:"Old/First series one-inch England and Wales" 4363: 4361: 4252:"Index Sheets for Ordnance Survey Map Series" 4075:Schools urged to order free maps now! | About 3275: 2986:Thomas Donald Historic Map of Cumberland 1774 1243:A Very British Map: The Ordnance Survey Story 553:Surveying was hard work. For instance, Major 8: 6804:Geographical databases in the United Kingdom 3673:"Duke opens new Ordnance Survey head office" 2849:"Roy Military Survey of Scotland, 1747–1755" 2175:based on fifth and abandoned sixth editions 1768:Until 2010, OS also produced the following: 1005:Detailed scan of a complete 7th series sheet 769: 400:Detail from 1901 Ordnance Survey map of the 47: 3725:"Ordnance Survey Change in Operating Model" 3454:"Mapping the Southampton Blitz 70 years on" 3108: 2942: 2015:excluded Scotland; first published edition 1810:series was reintroduced in September 2016. 861:Ordnance Survey Great Britain County Series 476:Roy later had an illustrious career in the 252:, as well as places within the counties of 6819:Government databases in the United Kingdom 6118: 5899: 5885: 5877: 5708: 5694: 5686: 5513: 5348: 5334: 5326: 5309: 5143:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3397: 3380: 3365: 3353: 3329: 3317: 3302: 3290: 1309:on the ground that the feature covers, in 1200:Headquarters in Adanac Park opened in 2011 768: 645: 616:former headquarters of the Ordnance Survey 282:'s Military Survey of Scotland (1747–1755) 218: 5579:Science and Technology Facilities Council 5156:. Newtown, Montgomeryshire: David Archer. 4987:"Fifth Series quarter-inch Great Britain" 4279: 4277: 4112:"Navigation: Find your way to a good map" 1121:the Ordnance Survey's city centre offices 27:National mapping agency for Great Britain 5152:Oliver, Richard; Hellyer, Roger (2002). 4580:Written Questions, 1 May 2008 col. 668W 4245: 4243: 4241: 2734:Coverage: E=England; W=Wales; S=Scotland 2296:reference points to tie Ordnance Survey 1973: 1514: 1472: 876:After the Ordnance Survey published its 544:Principal Triangulation of Great Britain 482:Principal Triangulation of Great Britain 5225:History of the Corps of Royal Engineers 4935:"Seventh Series one-inch Great Britain" 4711:"OpenData License Terms and Conditions" 4583:Ordnance Survey: Mandate Communications 3617:"Frome company secures OS map contract" 3200: 3188: 2904: 2747: 2710: 1184:Former Ordnance Survey headquarters in 5524:Advanced Research and Invention Agency 5278:. University of Exeter. Archived from 5136: 4691:from the original on 27 September 2013 4385:from the original on 24 September 2015 3548:"Ordnance Survey Shareholder Document" 3341: 3263: 2930: 2892: 2835: 2823: 2811: 2300:to modern measurement systems such as 507:By 1791, the Board received the newer 46: 30:For the former agency of Ireland, see 5645:Incubator for Artificial Intelligence 4889:from the original on 19 February 2021 4484:from the original on 10 December 2022 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 3519:from the original on 15 December 2022 3456:. Ordnance Survey. 30 November 2010. 3246:. London Fire Brigade. Archived from 3147:"Royal Military Asylum – Sotonopedia" 3026:A Complete Guide to the English Lakes 2794:from the original on 25 February 2017 2323:, which is a height datum defined by 1137:Ministry of Public Building and Works 1102:triangulation pillars ("trig points") 840:Text of statute as originally enacted 488:(a predecessor of part of the modern 7: 6784:1791 establishments in Great Britain 5569:Natural Environment Research Council 5549:Economic and Social Research Council 5539:Arts and Humanities Research Council 5262:from the original on 16 October 2003 5206:from the original on 3 November 2021 4909:"Old/First Series one-inch Scotland" 4837:from the original on 29 January 2021 4607:from the original on 1 December 2016 4474:"OSGM15 – the new geoid for Britain" 4454:from the original on 9 December 2022 4262:from the original on 13 October 2019 3731:from the original on 23 January 2015 3705:from the original on 22 January 2015 3701:. Ordnance Survey. 22 January 2015. 3653:from the original on 11 January 2014 3597:from the original on 25 January 2016 3071:from the original on 11 January 2014 2790:, Government of the United Kingdom, 2611:Irish national grid reference system 2375:and analysis of remotely sensed data 1585:The Cotswolds & Gloucestershire 1252:(BEIS) appointed Steve Blair as the 847:Text of the Ordnance Survey Act 1841 750:'s spheroid in 1858, completing the 746:who completed a new survey based on 5452:Government Chief Scientific Adviser 5180:Owen, Tim; Pilbeam, Elaine (1992). 5020:Policy Issues in Modern Cartography 4723:from the original on 24 August 2011 4510:from the original on 2 January 2014 4422:from the original on 14 August 2022 4346:from the original on 3 January 2023 4316:from the original on 4 October 2013 4288:. Ordnance Survey. pp. 12–13. 4224:"Ordnance Survey: small scale maps" 4056:from the original on 3 January 2014 3819:from the original on 29 August 2021 3675:. Ordnance Survey. 5 October 2011. 3486:from the original on 3 January 2013 3224:from the original on 4 January 2023 2966:from the original on 4 October 2013 2723:Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland 2682:Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland 2287:continually operating GNSS stations 1664:waterproof version, similar to the 1444:Mid-scale mapping in vector format. 1077:(OSNI) and the independence of the 1075:Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland 711:When Colby retired, he recommended 38:. For an international agency, see 36:Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland 6844:Organisations based in Southampton 5242:. Folkestone: Wm Dawson & Sons 5037:from the original on 1 August 2023 5017:Fraser Taylor, D. R., ed. (1998). 4541:from the original on 17 March 2006 4170:from the original on 22 April 2021 4144:from the original on 11 April 2021 4118:from the original on 1 August 2023 4030:from the original on 1 August 2023 3849:from the original on 31 March 2023 3845:. UK Government. 7 February 2023. 3727:. UK Parliament. 22 January 2015. 3583:Morris, Helen (6 September 2010). 3505:Major, Kirsty (15 December 2022). 2633:United Kingdom Hydrographic Office 2283:Global Navigation Satellite System 1519:scales and titles as of July 2021 1209:(GISs), but, until late 2010, the 920:by county; and a facsimile of the 435:Prince William, Duke of Cumberland 25: 6849:Organizations established in 1791 5529:Information Commissioner's Office 5165:. London: Charles Close Society. 4805:from the original on 22 June 2019 4753:from the original on 7 April 2020 4687:. Ordnance Survey. 1 April 2010. 4595:Cross, Michael (21 August 2008). 3880:from the original on 23 June 2019 3679:from the original on 13 July 2012 3649:. Ordnance Survey. 3 April 2009. 3564:from the original on 27 July 2020 2393:More information can be found at 2215:rights of way shown; ten colours 2195:excluded Scotland, national grid 2155:abandoned; many styles available 1348:Orthorectified aerial photography 1205:since the common availability of 1047:1:50,000 map of north-east France 878:first large-scale maps of Ireland 5858: 5847: 5846: 5425:The Baroness Jones of Whitchurch 5236:A History of the Ordnance Survey 5189:. Southampton: Ordnance Survey. 4993:from the original on 15 May 2021 4967:from the original on 15 May 2021 4941:from the original on 15 May 2021 4915:from the original on 15 May 2021 4863:from the original on 27 May 2015 4859:. National Library of Scotland. 4166:. National Library of Scotland. 4140:. National Library of Scotland. 4004:from the original on 20 May 2015 3940:from the original on 19 May 2021 3910:from the original on 19 May 2021 3799:Directors of the Ordnance Survey 3627:from the original on 22 May 2017 3460:from the original on 8 June 2012 2591:Directors of the Ordnance Survey 2553: 2501:OS MasterMap Water Network Layer 2353:geographical information science 1920:Derivative and licensed products 1858:The Ordnance Survey also offers 1217:series were printed in Maybush. 1207:geographical information systems 1098:retriangulation of Great Britain 787:Parliament of the United Kingdom 780: 668:Parliament of the United Kingdom 661: 65: 6859:Surveying of the United Kingdom 4636:. December 2009. Archived from 4531:"Give us back our crown jewels" 2766:from the original on 7 May 2022 2655:Directorate of Overseas Surveys 1954:Free access to historic mapping 1715:maps, together with the former 1563:Peak District & Derbyshire 1460:Raster versions of leisure maps 353:Ordnance Survey maps remain in 5640:British Technology Investments 5317:Ordnance Survey research guide 3090:"Ordnance Survey (Scotland)". 2640:International Map of the World 2020:New Series (or Second Edition) 1164:The Ordnance Survey became an 1109:national grid reference system 322:. It was also a member of the 1: 5923:Biological data visualization 5665:Phone-paid Services Authority 5655:Government Office for Science 4258:. The Charles Close Society. 3424:10.1080/01615440.2018.1559779 2880:National Library of Australia 2672:Ordnance Survey International 2647:, principal partner of the OS 2616:Ordnance Survey National Grid 2498:OS MasterMap Highways Network 2495:OS MasterMap Greenspace Layer 2306:Ordnance Survey National Grid 2259:Ordnance Survey National Grid 2252:Ordnance Survey National Grid 2115:abandoned small sheet series 2055:some colour sheets available 2000:Old Series (or First Edition) 983:Ordnance Survey National Grid 762:Great Britain "County Series" 447:Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat 382:original draftsman's drawings 238:Ordnance Survey National Grid 40:Ordnance Survey International 5619:National Physical Laboratory 5485:Intellectual Property Office 5102:British Town Maps, A History 3868:Nelson, Gemma (3 May 2016). 2960:National Library of Scotland 2853:National Library of Scotland 2760:National Library of Scotland 2645:Geographers' A-Z Map Company 2533:National Library of Scotland 2508:These are available through 1960:National Library of Scotland 1660:maps available in a plastic- 1552:Lake District & Cumbria 1330:Integrated transport network 1279:Ordnance Survey maps on sale 467:the Duke of Cumberland's Map 244:of 1:250,000. The map shows 84:; 233 years ago 5675:UK Shared Business Services 5670:Regulatory Horizons Council 5461:National Technology Advisor 5398:The Lord Vallance of Balham 5233:Seymour, W.A., ed. (1980). 4284:Browne, John Paddy (1991). 3023:Martineau, Harriet (1855). 2386:that have signed up to the 2180:New Popular (Sixth) Edition 1643:maps, but with less detail. 1479:Royal Observatory Greenwich 1192:, used from 1969 until 2011 1081:led to the creation of the 6875: 6834:Maps of the United Kingdom 6809:Geography of Great Britain 5963:Mathematical visualization 5650:Government Digital Service 5534:UK Research and Innovation 5023:. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 3811:Cox, Roger (25 May 2021). 3796: 3214:"Ordnance Survey Act 1841" 2606:Great Trigonometric Survey 2404: 2401:Data access and criticisms 2335:hill becoming a mountain. 2256: 2035:first using contour lines 1799:These, along with fifteen 1761:Off-Road Cycling Hampshire 1574:Devon & Somerset West 1083:Ordnance Survey of Ireland 858: 833:Status: Partially repealed 766:United Kingdom legislation 643:United Kingdom legislation 29: 6839:National mapping agencies 6789:Cartography organizations 5958:Information visualization 5943:Educational visualization 5842: 5784: 5761: 5723: 5363: 5161:Oliver, Richard (2005) . 3983:30 September 2013 at the 3964:30 September 2013 at the 3482:. BBC. 30 November 2010. 3276:Oliver & Hellyer 2002 2661:national mapping agencies 1931:publishes OS data in its 779: 774: 660: 655: 628:British Geological Survey 546:) under the direction of 64: 53: 6134:Charles-René de Fourcroy 5983:Scientific visualization 5910:of technical information 5564:Medical Research Council 5276:"History of Cartography" 4825:"MasterMap announcement" 3900:"ITN product withdrawal" 3555:www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk 3537:Fraser Taylor 1998, p. 4 2504:OS Detailed Path Network 2395:Ordnance Survey Research 1893:to every 11-year-old in 1241:TV documentary entitled 770:Ordnance Survey Act 1841 316:government-owned company 18:Ordnance Survey Act 1841 6829:Surveying organizations 6814:Geography organizations 5119:Margary, Harry (1992). 5050:Hewitt, Rachel (2010). 4799:"Geospatial Commission" 4256:charlesclosesociety.org 4080:11 January 2014 at the 3151:sotonopedia.wikidot.com 3109:Owen & Pilbeam 1992 3092:Reports from Committees 2943:Owen & Pilbeam 1992 2677:Ordnance Survey Ireland 2477:. These would include: 2475:Open Government Licence 2298:geographic datum points 2242:Cartography and geodesy 1933:road and street atlases 1909:and map-related games. 1884:former British colonies 1672:maps were available as 1370:Pricing of licenses to 1058:After the war, Colonel 752:Principal Triangulation 690:33 & 34 Vict. c. 13 431:Jacobite rising of 1745 308:Jacobite rising of 1745 296:national mapping agency 32:Ordnance Survey Ireland 6554:Christopher R. Johnson 6106:Technical illustration 5993:Software visualization 5771:History of cartography 4857:"Ordnance Survey Maps" 4404:Greaves, Mark (2016). 4310:"Surveying guidelines" 4138:"About our map images" 4098:1 October 2010 at the 3398:Kain & Oliver 2015 3381:Kain & Oliver 2015 3366:Kain & Oliver 2015 3354:Kain & Oliver 2015 3330:Kain & Oliver 2015 3318:Kain & Oliver 2015 3303:Kain & Oliver 2015 3291:Kain & Oliver 2015 2369:Spatial data modelling 2310:latitude and longitude 2254: 1937:Cassini Publishing Ltd 1905:for eligible schools. 1607:South & Mid Wales 1596:North & Mid Wales 1482: 1280: 1201: 1193: 1006: 998: 880:in the mid-1830s, the 873: 623: 578: 424: 393: 283: 268: 260: 58: 6799:Geodesy organizations 6448:Lawrence J. Rosenblum 6261:Edward Walter Maunder 6185:Charles Joseph Minard 6003:User interface design 5978:Product visualization 5776:List of cartographers 5367:100 Parliament Street 5321:The National Archives 5077:Hindle, Paul (1998). 4673:on 19 September 2012. 2581:Benchmark (surveying) 2467:Geospatial Commission 2321:Ordnance Datum Newlyn 2249: 2075:"Small sheet series" 1476: 1323:The primary layer of 1278: 1199: 1183: 1004: 996: 868: 744:Alexander Ross Clarke 725:Royal Military Asylum 613: 417:St. George's Garrison 399: 379: 274: 266: 256:, Cambridgeshire and 232: 6728:Scientific modelling 6703:Information graphics 6443:Clifford A. Pickover 6393:William S. Cleveland 6301:Henry Norris Russell 6286:Howard G. Funkhouser 6230:Florence Nightingale 6195:Francis Amasa Walker 6091:Statistical graphics 6013:Volume visualization 5988:Social visualization 5085:. pp. 114–115. 4643:on 20 September 2012 4336:"Overview of OS Net" 3757:. 9 September 2015. 3623:. 6 September 2010. 3040:Holland, CF (1924). 1901:service provided by 1895:UK primary education 1674:OS Landranger Active 1647:OS Landranger Active 1248:On 10 June 2019 the 924:was issued in 1870. 571:for their use were: 384:for the area around 156:Minister responsible 6708:Information science 6671:in computer science 6463:Sheelagh Carpendale 6398:George G. Robertson 6235:Karl Wilhelm Pohlke 6170:André-Michel Guerry 6046:Graph of a function 6041:Engineering drawing 5611:Public corporations 5480:Building Digital UK 5443:Permanent Secretary 5407:Sir Chris Bryant MP 5282:on 28 November 2005 5258:. Ordnance Survey. 5104:. British Library. 5083:Phillimore & Co 5079:Maps for Historians 4716:. Ordnance Survey. 4506:. Ordnance Survey. 4504:"Carto Design team" 4312:. Ordnance Survey. 4234:on 31 October 2013. 4052:. Ordnance Survey. 4026:. Ordnance Survey. 4000:. Ordnance Survey. 3557:. Ordnance Survey. 3344:, pp. 131–132. 2984:Facsimile reprint, 2838:, pp. 114–115. 2826:, pp. 167–168. 2693:Napoleonic Cadastre 2628:Hydrographic survey 2520:Historical material 2407:Open Data in the UK 1976: 1899:Digimap for Schools 1878:Educational mapping 1849:can be relied upon. 1520: 1035:1:5,000,000 map of 771: 598:Principal Triangles 490:Ministry of Defence 445:dissenters such as 359:Copyright Libraries 127: / 50: 6748:Volume cartography 6512:Early 21st century 6408:Catherine Plaisant 6403:Bruce H. McCormick 6357:Mary Eleanor Spear 6347:Arthur H. Robinson 6281:Arthur Lyon Bowley 6254:Early 20th century 6101:Technical drawings 5973:Molecular graphics 5948:Flow visualization 5938:Data visualization 5597:Copyright Tribunal 5472:Executive agencies 5456:Dame Angela McLean 5384:Secretary of State 4193:"About SABRE Maps" 3412:Historical Methods 3356:, p. 220,221. 3218:legislation.gov.uk 2575:Alastair Macdonald 2425:free data movement 2365:Map generalisation 2279:aerial photographs 2255: 2235:ongoing revisions 2040:Revised New Series 1974: 1735:OS Explorer Active 1666:OS Explorer Active 1515: 1501:, except Scotland) 1483: 1428:OS VectorMap Local 1281: 1202: 1194: 1007: 999: 874: 851:legislation.gov.uk 624: 509:Ramsden theodolite 439:Scottish Highlands 425: 394: 284: 269: 261: 143:OS grid SU 373 155 131:50.9378°N 1.4713°W 6766: 6765: 6743:Visual perception 6693:Graphic organizer 6666:Computer graphics 6637: 6636: 6619:Martin Wattenberg 6594:Hanspeter Pfister 6549:Martin Krzywinski 6473:Jock D. Mackinlay 6453:Thomas A. DeFanti 6376:Late 20th century 6296:Ejnar Hertzsprung 5998:Technical drawing 5874: 5873: 5683: 5682: 5605: 5604: 5220:Porter, Whitworth 5111:978-0-7123-5729-6 5069:978-1-847-08254-1 4295:978-0319--00234-6 3220:. UK Parliament. 3176:National Archives 3126:api.parliament.uk 2945:, p. 30, 75. 2762:. 16 March 2022. 2653:, founder of the 2360:Spatial cognition 2239: 2238: 2220:Landranger Series 1983:Publication dates 1622: 1621: 1350:in raster format. 1158:computer-to-plate 1068:O. G. S. Crawford 1041:1:250,000 map of 1028:1:100,000 map of 963:land registration 857: 856: 775:Act of Parliament 709: 708: 656:Act of Parliament 632:Henry De la Beche 498:South Lanarkshire 486:Board of Ordnance 413:St. George's Town 402:Imperial fortress 324:Public Data Group 227: 226: 16:(Redirected from 6866: 6753:Volume rendering 6738:Visual analytics 6733:Spatial analysis 6713:Misleading graph 6564:David McCandless 6539:Gordon Kindlmann 6503:Alfred Inselberg 6498:Leland Wilkinson 6433:Michael Friendly 6367:Howard T. Fisher 6330:Mid 20th century 6271:W. E. B. Du Bois 6175:William Playfair 6165:Adolphe Quetelet 6139:Joseph Priestley 6122:Pre-19th century 6119: 6086:Skeletal formula 5953:Geovisualization 5928:Chemical imaging 5901: 5894: 5887: 5878: 5862: 5850: 5849: 5789:Animated mapping 5766:Early world maps 5738:Geovisualization 5710: 5703: 5696: 5687: 5574:Research England 5514: 5506:Non-departmental 5350: 5343: 5336: 5327: 5313: 5308: 5307: 5305:Official website 5291: 5289: 5287: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5241: 5229: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5205: 5188: 5176: 5157: 5148: 5142: 5134: 5115: 5096: 5073: 5057: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4836: 4829: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4749:. 2 April 2010. 4739: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4722: 4715: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4681: 4675: 4674: 4669:. Archived from 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4642: 4631: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4592: 4586: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4421: 4410: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4384: 4373: 4365: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4281: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4247: 4236: 4235: 4230:. Archived from 4220: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4189: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4114:. 13 June 2023. 4108: 4102: 4091: 4085: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3994: 3988: 3975: 3969: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3815:. The Scotsman. 3808: 3802: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3563: 3552: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3384: 3378: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3252: 3251: 3250:on 18 June 2008. 3240: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3118: 3112: 3111:, p. 44–45. 3106: 3100: 3099: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3057: 3046: 3045: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3002: 2996: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2752: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2715: 2563: 2558: 2557: 2556: 1977: 1792: 1791: 1779: 1778: 1741: 1740: 1739:(1:25,000 scale) 1687: 1686: 1653: 1652: 1632: 1631: 1521: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1499: 1:100,000 1402:Business mapping 1166:Executive Agency 1142:heliozincography 1079:Irish Free State 1021:1:40,000 map of 967:HM Land Registry 906:photozincography 784: 783: 772: 758:of the country. 665: 664: 651: 646: 618:in London Road, 517:Heathrow Airport 223: 222: 217: 214: 212: 210: 176:Agency executive 142: 141: 139: 138: 137: 136:50.9378; -1.4713 132: 128: 125: 124: 123: 120: 92: 90: 85: 69: 51: 48:Ordnance Survey 21: 6874: 6873: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6779:Ordnance Survey 6769: 6768: 6767: 6762: 6758:Information art 6698:Imaging science 6643: 6633: 6614:Fernanda Viégas 6609:Moritz Stefaner 6534:Jessica Hullman 6507: 6478:Alan MacEachren 6428:Ben Shneiderman 6371: 6325: 6249: 6148: 6110: 6023: 6017: 5968:Medical imaging 5911: 5905: 5875: 5870: 5838: 5829:Topographic map 5780: 5757: 5719: 5714: 5684: 5679: 5628: 5624:Ordnance Survey 5601: 5585: 5510: 5507: 5499: 5495:UK Space Agency 5466: 5463:: Dr Dave Smith 5429: 5416:Feryal Clark MP 5369: 5359: 5354: 5303: 5302: 5299: 5294: 5285: 5283: 5274: 5265: 5263: 5254: 5245: 5243: 5239: 5232: 5218: 5209: 5207: 5203: 5197: 5186: 5179: 5173: 5160: 5151: 5135: 5131: 5118: 5112: 5099: 5093: 5076: 5070: 5049: 5040: 5038: 5031: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5006: 4996: 4994: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4918: 4916: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4866: 4864: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4827: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4808: 4806: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4779:on 26 July 2013 4771: 4770: 4766: 4756: 4754: 4741: 4740: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4694: 4692: 4683: 4682: 4678: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4576: 4572: 4567:. London: HMSO. 4559: 4558: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4528: 4527: 4523: 4513: 4511: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4478:Ordnance Survey 4472: 4471: 4467: 4457: 4455: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4413:Geomatics World 4408: 4403: 4402: 4398: 4388: 4386: 4382: 4376:Ordnance Survey 4371: 4367: 4366: 4359: 4349: 4347: 4340:Ordnance Survey 4334: 4333: 4329: 4319: 4317: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4296: 4283: 4282: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4250:Higley, Chris. 4249: 4248: 4239: 4228:British Library 4222: 4221: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4191: 4190: 4183: 4173: 4171: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4119: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4100:Wayback Machine 4092: 4088: 4082:Wayback Machine 4073: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4007: 4005: 3996: 3995: 3991: 3985:Wayback Machine 3976: 3972: 3966:Wayback Machine 3957: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3934:Ordnance Survey 3928: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3904:Ordnance Survey 3898: 3897: 3893: 3883: 3881: 3874:Ordnance Survey 3867: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3822: 3820: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3795: 3791: 3781: 3779: 3777:Ordnance Survey 3771: 3770: 3766: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3734: 3732: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3656: 3654: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3630: 3628: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3600: 3598: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3396: 3387: 3379: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3316: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3255: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3130: 3128: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3107: 3103: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3065:Ordnance Survey 3059: 3058: 3049: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2983: 2979: 2969: 2967: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2925: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2797: 2795: 2787:Ordnance Survey 2784: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2570:Admiralty chart 2559: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2526:Crown Copyright 2522: 2458:service with a 2435: 2409: 2403: 2349: 2327:as measured in 2261: 2244: 2120:Popular Edition 1972: 1956: 1922: 1891:OS Explorer Map 1880: 1864:print-on-demand 1856: 1854:Custom products 1816: 1814:App development 1789: 1788: 1776: 1775: 1749:Outdoor Leisure 1738: 1737: 1717:Outdoor Leisure 1709:Outdoor Leisure 1701:Black Mountains 1684: 1683: 1650: 1649: 1629: 1628: 1498: 1493: 1492: 1471: 1454:electoral wards 1404: 1293: 1285:digital mapping 1273: 1254:Chief Executive 1232:limited company 1178: 1094:Malcolm MacLeod 991: 949: 894:Tower of London 890:4 & 5 Vict. 863: 834: 810:4 & 5 Vict. 789: 781: 767: 764: 737:Office of Works 717:Tower of London 713:William Yolland 670: 662: 650:Survey Act 1870 649: 644: 478:Royal Engineers 471:British Library 427: 426: 421:Royal Engineers 392:, made in 1810. 386:St Columb Major 372: 367: 312:Napoleonic Wars 288:Ordnance Survey 211:.ordnancesurvey 207: 206: 188: 171: 135: 133: 129: 126: 121: 118: 116: 114: 113: 112: 88: 86: 83: 74:Agency overview 49: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6872: 6870: 6862: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6771: 6770: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6723:Patent drawing 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6688:Graphic design 6685: 6680: 6675: 6674: 6673: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6647: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6629:Hadley Wickham 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6584:Tamara Munzner 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6483:David Goodsell 6480: 6475: 6470: 6468:Cynthia Brewer 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6364: 6362:Edgar Anderson 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6337:Jacques Bertin 6333: 6331: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6291:John B. Peddle 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6257: 6255: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6247: 6245:Francis Galton 6242: 6240:Toussaint Loua 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6220:Georg von Mayr 6217: 6212: 6210:Matthew Sankey 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6156: 6154: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6125: 6123: 6116: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6076:Sankey diagram 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6027: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6008:Visual culture 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5912: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5881: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5868: 5856: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5814:Nautical chart 5811: 5809:Linguistic map 5806: 5801: 5799:Choropleth map 5796: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5748:Map projection 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5715: 5713: 5712: 5705: 5698: 5690: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5626: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5599: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5531: 5526: 5520: 5518: 5511: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5476: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5458: 5449: 5439: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5418: 5409: 5400: 5391: 5379: 5377: 5371: 5370: 5365:Headquarters: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5345: 5338: 5330: 5324: 5323: 5314: 5298: 5297:External links 5295: 5293: 5292: 5272: 5252: 5230: 5216: 5195: 5177: 5171: 5158: 5149: 5129: 5116: 5110: 5097: 5091: 5081:. Chichester: 5074: 5068: 5047: 5030:978-0080431116 5029: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5004: 4978: 4952: 4926: 4900: 4874: 4848: 4816: 4790: 4764: 4734: 4702: 4676: 4654: 4618: 4587: 4570: 4552: 4521: 4495: 4465: 4433: 4396: 4357: 4327: 4301: 4294: 4273: 4237: 4206: 4181: 4155: 4129: 4103: 4086: 4067: 4041: 4015: 3989: 3970: 3951: 3930:"Address Data" 3921: 3891: 3860: 3830: 3803: 3789: 3764: 3742: 3716: 3690: 3664: 3638: 3608: 3575: 3539: 3530: 3497: 3471: 3445: 3418:(3): 150–163. 3402: 3400:, p. 222. 3385: 3370: 3368:, p. 220. 3358: 3346: 3334: 3332:, p. 221. 3322: 3320:, p. 217. 3307: 3295: 3293:, p. 201. 3280: 3268: 3253: 3235: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3163: 3138: 3113: 3101: 3082: 3047: 3032: 3015: 3010:Past presented 2997: 2977: 2947: 2935: 2933:, p. 114. 2923: 2909: 2897: 2895:, p. 117. 2885: 2867: 2865:OSGR NS 826497 2858: 2840: 2828: 2816: 2814:, p. xix. 2804: 2777: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2727: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2666:Ordnance datum 2663: 2657: 2648: 2642: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2601:Grid reference 2598: 2596:Geoinformatics 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2564: 2548: 2545: 2521: 2518: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2471:Cabinet Office 2469:, part of the 2434: 2429: 2402: 2399: 2383: 2382: 2378:Semantics and 2376: 2373:Remote sensing 2370: 2367: 2362: 2348: 2345: 2325:mean sea level 2276:orthorectified 2257:Main article: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2200:Seventh Series 2197: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2100:Fourth Edition 2097: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1971: 1968: 1955: 1952: 1921: 1918: 1879: 1876: 1860:OS Custom Made 1855: 1852: 1851: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1831: 1830: 1826: 1815: 1812: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1783: 1780: 1766: 1765: 1757: 1752: 1742: 1732: 1688: 1677: 1654: 1644: 1633: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1513: 1512: 1504: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1462: 1457: 1450: 1445: 1442: 1433: 1430: 1425: 1414: 1403: 1400: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1345: 1342: 1331: 1328: 1321: 1292: 1289: 1272: 1269: 1177: 1174: 1150:Keith McCarter 1148:, by sculptor 1096:, started the 1056: 1055: 1048: 1045: 1039: 1033: 1026: 990: 987: 978:photo-enlarged 954:some 400 towns 948: 945: 882:Tithe Act 1836 859:Main article: 855: 854: 843: 842: 836: 835: 832: 829: 828: 825: 819: 818: 814: 813: 807: 801: 800: 797: 791: 790: 785: 777: 776: 765: 763: 760: 707: 706: 703: 697: 696: 692: 691: 688: 682: 681: 678: 672: 671: 666: 658: 657: 653: 652: 642: 636:Benjamin Baker 513:Hounslow Heath 455:King George II 374: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 225: 224: 204: 200: 199: 194: 190: 189: 187: 186: 179: 177: 173: 172: 170: 169: 159: 157: 153: 152: 149: 145: 144: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 80: 76: 75: 71: 70: 62: 61: 59:Arolwg Ordnans 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6871: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6683:Graph drawing 6681: 6679: 6676: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6640: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6604:Claudio Silva 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6569:Mauro Martino 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6493:Michael Maltz 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6458:George Furnas 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6438:Howard Wainer 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6342:Rudolf Modley 6340: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6328: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6306:Max O. Lorenz 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6215:Charles Booth 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6190:Luigi Perozzo 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6180:August Kekulé 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6160:Charles Dupin 6158: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6144:Gaspard Monge 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6129:Edmond Halley 6127: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5933:Crime mapping 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5909: 5908:Visualization 5902: 5897: 5895: 5890: 5888: 5883: 5882: 5879: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5853:Category:Maps 5845: 5844: 5841: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5819:Pictorial map 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5783: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5760: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5706: 5704: 5699: 5697: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5509: 5508:public bodies 5502: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5469: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5435:Civil Service 5432: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5388:Peter Kyle MP 5385: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5362: 5358: 5351: 5346: 5344: 5339: 5337: 5332: 5331: 5328: 5322: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5306: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5238: 5237: 5231: 5227: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5202: 5198: 5196:0-31-900249-7 5192: 5185: 5184: 5178: 5174: 5168: 5164: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5146: 5140: 5132: 5130:0-903541-01-7 5126: 5122: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5103: 5098: 5094: 5092:0-85033-934-0 5088: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5071: 5065: 5061: 5056: 5055: 5048: 5036: 5032: 5026: 5022: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5009: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4953: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4927: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4901: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4849: 4833: 4826: 4820: 4817: 4804: 4800: 4794: 4791: 4778: 4774: 4768: 4765: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4735: 4719: 4712: 4706: 4703: 4690: 4686: 4680: 4677: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4655: 4639: 4635: 4628: 4622: 4619: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4553: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4525: 4522: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4496: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4469: 4466: 4453: 4449: 4448: 4443: 4437: 4434: 4418: 4414: 4407: 4400: 4397: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4331: 4328: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4302: 4297: 4291: 4287: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4194: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4130: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4090: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4076: 4071: 4068: 4055: 4051: 4050:"Custom Made" 4045: 4042: 4029: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3979: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3955: 3952: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3922: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3861: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3831: 3818: 3814: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3790: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3743: 3730: 3726: 3720: 3717: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3665: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3612: 3609: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3579: 3576: 3560: 3556: 3549: 3543: 3540: 3534: 3531: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3508: 3501: 3498: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3459: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3383:, p. 42. 3382: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3305:, p. 14. 3304: 3299: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3203:, p. 145 3202: 3197: 3194: 3191:, p. 139 3190: 3185: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3083: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3061:"Our history" 3056: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3036: 3033: 3028: 3027: 3019: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2994:9781873124369 2991: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2924: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2907:, p. 71. 2906: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2820: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2805: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2781: 2778: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2741: 2731: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2651:Martin Hotine 2649: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2551: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2440: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2421: 2419: 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