128:. The company signed an agreement with the OSCC that took effect on 1 January 1922. The contract confirmed that sleeping car conductors must be white males, and that they had the right to supervise and discipline porters and maids. According to the conductors, "the white traveling public, especially women, were unsafe alone in a car with a Negro porter." In response to OSCC propaganda several southern states passed laws requiring white Pullman conductors to be in charge of sleeping cars in their jurisdictions.
167:
jurisdiction of the Order of
Sleeping Car Conductors over sleeping car porters, the Brotherhood will have no other honorable alternative before it but to withdraw from the A.F. of L." In August 1935 the AFL Executive Council backed down, although it took almost a year for independence of the porters from the conductors to be formalized.
170:
As of 1936 membership of the OSCC was about 2,200. The combined conductor-porter job represented by the Order of
Sleeping Car Conductors was gradually being eliminated. The railroad companies used the practice of "running in charge" to employ black porters as conductors on short or designated routes,
123:
tried to establish an
Employee Representation Plan (ERP) in the sleeping car service as an alternative to a union, although employees were rightly suspicious about the level of job protection an ERP would provide. Pullman could not get the sleeping car conductors to join the ERP, and eventually
166:
against the discriminatory practices of the OSCC. He said, "the
Sleeping Car Conductors Union is saturated with race prejudice as shown by a clause in its constitution barring Negroes from membership." He went on, "If the Executive Council and the A.F. of L. Convention upholds the right of
175:. The BSCP did not take part in the debate, but the Pullman Company "stirred up the porters in opposition to this Bill by a representation that it was an attack upon their race." Black religious and civic groups protested, and eventually Minton withdrew the bill.
106:
to undertake collective bargaining for wages and working conditions in the United States and Canada. At the first triennial convention in 1919 the name was changed to the Order of
Sleeping Car Conductors. The union was headed by a president, with offices in
171:
paying them more than the wage for porters but much less than the wage for a conductor. In 1940 the Order of
Sleeping Car Conductors asked Congress to legislate to outlaw this practice on interstate sleeping cars. The bill was sponsored by Senator
102:(1914-1918) the Federal government took control of the railroads in the United States and encouraged railroad workers to organize. The Order of Sleeping Car Employees was established on 20 February 1918 in
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111:. Members had to be white males, sober and industrious, sound in body and mind, and employed as a sleeping car or parlor car conductor for at least ten days before joining.
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and maids should be black. A jurisdictional dispute between the Order of
Sleeping Car Conductors and the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters had to be settled by the
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86:(OSCC) was a labor union that represented white sleeping car conductors in the United States and Canada between 1918 and 1942, when it merged with the
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139:(BSCP), the first African-American labor union to gain a collective bargaining agreement, and the first to be chartered by the
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In 1934 the AFL Executive
Council gave the OSCC jurisdiction over Pullman porters. A. Philip Randolph argued strongly in the
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195:, president of the Order of Railway Conductors, encouraged the amalgamation. The OSCC was absorbed into the ORC in 1942.
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so it explicitly covered non-operating train personnel and sleeping car companies. The new act was sponsored by
Senator
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recognized the Order of
Sleeping Car Conductors. By doing so, they avoided having the sleeping car conductors join the
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590:. U. S. Govt. Print. Off. for the United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics. p.
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Home Front Heroes: A Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime, Volume 1
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The CIO Challenge to the AFL: A History of the American Labor Movement, 1935-1941
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Brotherhoods of Color: Black Railroad Workers and the Struggle for Equality
159:, but the effect was to quadruple membership in the BSCP within a year.
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Marching Together: Women of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
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monitored an election in which the conductors voted to join the
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After the Strike: A Century of Labor Struggle at Pullman
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143:(AFL). In June 1934 Congress amended the Watson-Parker
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A. Philip Randolph and the Struggle for Civil Rights
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Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters: Windsor Mosaic
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131:Because the order did not admit blacks, in 1925
587:Handbook of American trade-unions: 1936 edition
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626:Organizations based in Kansas City, Missouri
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392:. Harvard University Press. p. 106.
621:1918 establishments in the United States
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414:"Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters"
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493:. Harvard University Press. p.
370:ORC&B reigned for a century: UTU
616:Railway unions in the United States
458:Chateauvert, Melinda (1997-01-01).
137:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
14:
566:"ORC&B reigned for a century"
544:. University of Illinois Press.
464:. University of Illinois Press.
437:. University of Illinois Press.
84:Order of Sleeping Car Conductors
17:Order of Sleeping Car Conductors
517:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
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584:Stewart, Estelle May (1936).
431:Bynum, Cornelius L. (2010).
386:Arnesen, Eric (2009-06-30).
164:American Federation of Labor
157:American Federation of Labor
141:American Federation of Labor
631:United Transportation Union
189:Order of Railway Conductors
126:Order of Railway Conductors
88:Order of Railway Conductors
35:February 20, 1918
26:Order of Railway Conductors
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538:Hirsch, Susan E. (2003).
485:Galenson, Walter (1960).
509:Gerard, Gene C. (2007).
185:National Mediation Board
72:United States and Canada
636:1918 in rail transport
418:Windsor Mosaic Website
568:. UTU. Archived from
135:began organizing the
109:Kansas City, Missouri
104:Kansas City, Missouri
59:Kansas City, Missouri
497:. GGKEY:BFBCR84E4KZ
18:
511:"Fraser, Harry W."
133:A. Philip Randolph
119:After the war the
551:978-0-252-02791-8
471:978-0-252-06636-8
444:978-0-252-03575-3
399:978-0-674-02028-3
145:Railway Labor Act
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55:Headquarters
358:Gerard 2007
346:Hirsch 2003
255:Hirsch 2003
216:Hirsch 2003
179:Dissolution
100:World War I
610:Categories
597:2013-08-07
576:2013-08-07
557:2013-08-08
530:2013-08-07
501:2013-08-08
477:2013-08-08
450:2013-08-08
423:2013-08-07
405:2013-08-08
322:Bynum 2010
199:References
94:Foundation
39:1918-02-20
204:Citations
47:Dissolved
65:Location
379:Sources
191:(ORC).
115:History
98:During
37: (
32:Founded
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521:
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22:Merged
546:ISBN
519:ISBN
466:ISBN
439:ISBN
394:ISBN
82:The
50:1942
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274:^
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