236:) following two deadlocked votes. In the third round, General Oerip had 21 votes to Soedirman's 22. Divisional commanders from Sumatera, who had voted unanimously, swayed the vote in Sudirman's favour; Urip had lost votes because some of the division leaders distrusted his history with the KNIL and the oath he had taken to the Dutch motherland upon graduation. Although Soedirman was surprised at his selection and offered to surrender the leadership position to Oerip, the meeting did not allow it; he himself was glad to no longer be in charge of the armed forces. Soedirman kept Oerip, by then a lieutenant general, to serve as chief of staff of the armed forces. While Soedirman remained unconfirmed, Urip remained
22:
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Indies. Urip had originally suggested using
Purwokerto for his headquarters, but ultimately Yogyakarta was chosen as it had better facilities and guaranteed support from the local ruler. He departed for Yogyakarta on 16 October, and arrived the following day. He first established the general headquarters in a room at Hotel Merdeka, which he used until the Sultan of Yogyakarta
281:, and R Soeardi of the armed forces general staff were all instrumental in its formation, Pardi would later be named the first Chief of Staff of the Navy with effect from 1 December 1945. By New Year's Eve 1945, the Navy was divided into four fleet divisions and was starting its naval bases in the republican territories in Sumatra with access to the sea.
203:
commands. He took confiscated
Japanese weapons from well-equipped forces and distributed them as needed. However, the results were less successful than he had hoped. PETA had been organised locally during the Japanese occupation, and as such its members were unable to accept a centralised leadership.
170:
On 14 October, General Oerip officially received his interim appointment and left immediately for
Jakarta. In a cabinet meeting the following day, he was ordered to build a national armed forces headquartered in Yogyakarta, in preparation for an expected assault by Dutch troops coming to reclaim the
166:
in Breda, The
Netherlands and were commissioned into that force. However, these officers were poorly received by Indonesian nationalists, who viewed them as mercenaries for having served in the Dutch forces. Although Oerip set out a command structure, in reality the army's hierarchy was provisional
243:
When
General Soedirman was approved on 18 December, he began working to consolidate and unite the armed forces. Meanwhile, Oerip handled day-to-day organisational and technical issues. Many of the details, such as company uniforms, he left to regional commanders. However, to deal with more
1402:
184:
declared himself
Minister of Defence. As such, Oerip had little oversight and felt pressured to quickly establish a stable command structure, while also began to form the a high command structure for the armed services, and later moved the general HQ to
252:
from landing, he passed edicts that applied nationally.Together, Soedirman and Oerip were instrumental to unite the differences between armed forces personnel who served in both sides of the Second World War and were now united under one armed service.
925:
The historian Amrin Imran suggests that
Soeprijadi's appointment may have been a way to see if he was still alive; it may have been thought that he would have certainly contacted the government in Jakarta to take over this post if he
175:
donated land and a building to be utilized as the
General Headquarters of the young armed forces. On 20 October, when learning that Soeprijadi was declared missing Imam Muhammad Suliyoadikusumo was appointed by the cabinet as
196:, were divided into four territorial corps, each led by a general officer. These were Didi Kartasasmita for western Java, Soeratman for central Java, Mohammad for eastern Java and Soehardjo Hardjowardojo for Sumatra.
240:
commander; however, the
Indonesian journalist Salim Said writes that his orders were at times unintelligible owing to Urip's poor command of Indonesian and often ignored unless approved by Soedirman.
104:
The INAF traces its origins to the 5 October 1945 declaration of the formation of an active national armed forces for the republic by no less than the first Vice
President of Indonesia,
142:, who would be appointed the first commander of the armed services. Many of the first generation enlisted personnel and NCOs served either with the
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Urip was fluent in Dutch and Javanese, but had a poor command of Indonesian, which had gained mainstream currency in the early 20th century.
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or revolutionaries later on, while many of its officer corps who served in either of the two were trained as cadets of the RNEIA in the
232:, who had two years military experience and was 23 years younger than Urip – was elected Commanding General of the Armed Forces (
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for the infant republic, originally planned as a national army. The job of activating a national military fell on the hands of ex-
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Each of these sub-commanders was commissioned into the rank of major general. Oerip also began appropriating weapons to different
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At the time, the Indonesian National Armed Forces did not have the resources to enforce a standard uniform nationwide.
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One of Oerip's final orders as Commander of the Armed Forces was to create a national navy, to that effort the
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Oerip Soemohardjo : Lieutenant General of the TNI (22 February 1893 – 17 November 1948)
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was elected as commander of the TKR on 12 November 1945. He kept Urip as his chief of staff.
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Oerip Soemohardjo : Letnen Jenderal TNI (22 Februari 1893 – 17 November 1948)
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Genesis of Power: General Sudirman and the Indonesian Military in Politics, 1945–49
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On 12 November 1945, at the first general meeting of army leadership, Colonel
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Military units and formations of Indonesia in the Indonesian War of Independence
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269:) was officially established, with HQ in Yogyakarta, on 15 November 1945.
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General Directorate of Aviation of the General Staff of the Armed Forces
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Deputy Chief of Military Aviation: Group Captain Soekarmen Martodisoemo
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Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946
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On 2 November, the ground forces of the nascent INAF, the future
1290:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Department of Education and Culture.
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228: – the then commanding officer of the Fifth Division in
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Commanding General of the People's Safety Armed Forces: Gen
134:, who was appointed the first Commander of the Armed Forces
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122:) created just days after independence as a paramilitary
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Order of battle of the armed forces as of 8 January 1946
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and depended heavily on the strength of local units.
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Minister of Defence, later on the guerrilla leader
1351:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
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100:Formation of the People's Security Armed Forces
1311:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gunung Agung.
8:
1265:Anderson, Benedict Richard O'Gorman (2005).
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74:The following is an order of battle of the
1328:. Jakarta: Pusat Sejarah Dan Tradisi TNI.
454:Army divisions under territorial commands
244:important issues, such as establishing a
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
46:so that sources are clearly identifiable.
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96:) by Presidential Resolution #2/1946.
1303:Soemohardjo-Soebroto, Rohmah (1973).
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978:
336:Chief of Staff of the Navy: Rear Adm
318:Minister of Defence of the Republic:
152:, or PETA) or the Japanese-sponsored
108:, acting on behalf of then president
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80:as of 8 January 1946, after the then
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265:(then the People's Security Navy or
330:Chief of the General Staff: Lt Gen
257:Creation of the navy and air force
128:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
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897:Chief of Military Aviation: AVM
77:Indonesian National Armed Forces
44:add missing citation information
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1326:Sejarah TNI Jilid I (1945-1949)
1398:Indonesian National Revolution
1378:Indonesian National Revolution
697:2nd Sumatra Infantry Division
164:Koninklijke Militaire Academie
82:People's Security Armed Forces
1:
1373:Military history of Indonesia
798:Mohammad Dien gelar Sinartang
312:Prime Minister of Indonesia:
306:Vice President of Indonesia:
90:People's Safety Armed Forces
88:) was transformed into the
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94:Tentara Keselamatan Rakyat
1324:Markas Besar TNI (2000).
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406:Yogyakarta Special Region
144:Defenders of the Homeland
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1224:Sejarah TNI jilid I 2000
852:TKRL Central Java Fleet
468:Under Territorial Corps
300:President of Indonesia:
208:Appointment of Soedirman
138:, pending any word from
115:People's Security Agency
592:10th Infantry Division
423:Muhammad Mangundiprodjo
404:(including present day
374:(including present day
357:Area of responsibility
295:Supreme General Command
86:Tentara Keamanan Rakyat
554:5th Infantry Division
511:3rd Infantry Division
473:1st Infantry Division
439:Suhardjo Hardjowardojo
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173:Hamengkubuwono IX
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112:, on the basis of the
1286:Imran, Amrin (1983).
871:TKRL East Java Fleet
830:TKRL West Java Fleet
811:Under other branches
788:6th Sumatra Division
769:5th Sumatra Division
745:4th Sumatra Division
726:3rd Sumatra Division
673:1st Sumatra Division
248:and preventing enemy
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120:Badan Keamanan Rakyat
1347:Said, Salim (1991).
1271:. Jakarta: Equinox.
899:Soerjadi Soerjadarma
31:needs more complete
1029:, pp. 232–234.
993:, pp. 235–237.
969:, pp. 103–106.
885:HQ Indonesian Navy
866:HQ Indonesian Navy
354:Commanding general
1017:, pp. 99–100.
822:Officer commanding
521:Arudji Kartawinata
465:Officer commanding
387:Central Java Corps
351:Territorial Corps
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1358:978-981-3035-90-4
1278:978-979-3780-14-6
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367:Didi Kartasasmita
344:Territorial Corps
332:Oerip Soemohardjo
320:Amir Sjarifoeddin
149:Pembela Tanah Air
132:Oerip Soemohardjo
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413:East Java Corps
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664:Imam Sudja'i
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402:Central Java
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42:Please help
37:verification
30:
730:Bukittinggi
712:Hasan Kasim
124:gendarmerie
1387:Categories
1185:Imran 1983
1066:Imran 1983
1051:Imran 1983
979:Imran 1983
908:References
856:Purworedjo
819:HQ located
668:East Java
649:East Java
640:Jonosewojo
634:Modjokerto
625:East Java
577:Yogyakarta
558:Purwokerto
530:West Java
506:West Java
487:West Java
397:Soerachmat
230:Purwokerto
187:Purwokerto
178:ad interim
140:Soeprijadi
136:ad interim
1200:Said 1991
1109:Said 1991
1039:Said 1991
952:Citations
881:A.R. Aris
879:Rear Adm
860:Rear Adm
838:Rear Adm
701:Palembang
596:Surakarta
583:Sudarsono
481:Col K.H.
428:East Java
372:West Java
338:Mas Pardi
326:Soedirman
271:Mas Pardi
226:Soedirman
218:Soedirman
52:June 2018
33:citations
1367:See also
1317:13266021
1296:10945069
875:Surabaya
862:M. Nazir
802:Sumatra
783:Sumatra
764:Sumatra
740:Sumatra
721:Sumatra
715:Kolonel
692:Sumatra
662:Maj Gen
645:Sungkono
638:Maj Gen
539:Salatiga
437:Maj Gen
421:Maj Gen
416:Maj Gen
395:Maj Gen
392:Soedibjo
390:Maj Gen
365:Maj Gen
290:Source:
267:TKR Laut
216:General
182:Moestopo
834:Cirebon
792:Sibolga
773:Bireuen
688:Barlian
602:Sutarto
564:Sutirto
515:Bandung
483:Syam'un
444:Sumatra
418:Mustopo
380:Jakarta
302:Sukarno
238:de jure
110:Sukarno
1355:
1332:
1315:
1294:
1275:
707:M. Nuh
658:Malang
621:Sudiro
615:Kediri
502:Asikin
477:Serang
376:Banten
160:pemuda
130:Major
1307:[
926:were.
913:Notes
749:Medan
677:Lahat
155:Heiho
1353:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1313:OCLC
1292:OCLC
1273:ISBN
1249:help
1230:help
1165:help
1146:help
1127:help
1096:help
840:Adam
816:Name
796:Col
777:Col
758:Col
753:Col
734:Col
710:Col
705:Col
686:Col
681:Col
643:Col
619:Col
600:Col
562:Col
524:Col
519:Col
500:Col
459:Name
378:and
35:for
844:HQ
201:TKR
1389::
1338:.
1192:^
1173:^
1058:^
959:^
408:)
382:)
273:,
189:.
1361:.
1342:.
1319:.
1298:.
1281:.
1251:)
1232:)
1167:)
1148:)
1129:)
1098:)
146:(
118:(
92:(
84:(
65:)
59:(
54:)
50:(
40:.
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