Order operator
Source đź“ť
25:
280:
321:
149:, whose expectation value characterizes a phase transition by indicating the prolific presence of defect or vortex lines in an ordered phase.
231:
108:
173:
42:
355:
345:
89:
46:
61:
340:
161:
68:
223:
350:
314:
35:
75:
219:
57:
157:
307:
240:
236:
122:
146:
287:
227:
291:
215:
202:
169:
142:
82:
138:
193:
334:
207:
134:
176:. The concept of a disorder observable was first introduced in the context of 2D
211:
198:
177:
24:
181:
262:
165:
279:
145:. There exists a dual version of it, the disorder operator or
18:
295:
184:) and disordered phases happens at some temperature.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
180:, where a phase transition between spin-aligned (
315:
16:Operator characterizing the phase of a system
8:
322:
308:
263:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10955-017-1737-7
261:Fradkin, E. J Stat Phys (2017) 167: 427.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
254:
141:whose expectation value characterizes
164:of the ordinary order operators or a
7:
276:
274:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
294:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
224:World Scientific (Singapore, 1989)
172:is a disorder operator. So is the
14:
168:for their values. For example, a
278:
23:
34:needs additional citations for
214:", pp. 1–742, Vol. II, "
1:
174:Jordan–Wigner transformation
372:
273:
235:(also available online:
290:-related article is a
222:, pp. 743–1456,
356:Quantum physics stubs
346:Statistical mechanics
341:Quantum field theory
137:version of Landau's
123:quantum field theory
43:improve this article
178:Ising spin lattices
351:Phase transitions
303:
302:
288:quantum mechanics
170:'t Hooft operator
154:disorder operator
143:phase transitions
119:
118:
111:
93:
363:
324:
317:
310:
282:
275:
265:
259:
203:Condensed Matter
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
58:"Order operator"
51:
27:
19:
371:
370:
366:
365:
364:
362:
361:
360:
331:
330:
329:
328:
271:
269:
268:
260:
256:
251:
194:Kleinert, Hagen
190:
160:that creates a
139:order parameter
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
369:
367:
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
333:
332:
327:
326:
319:
312:
304:
301:
300:
283:
267:
266:
253:
252:
250:
247:
246:
245:
189:
186:
147:disorder field
127:order operator
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
368:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
338:
336:
325:
320:
318:
313:
311:
306:
305:
299:
297:
293:
289:
284:
281:
277:
272:
264:
258:
255:
248:
244:
242:
238:
233:
232:9971-5-0210-0
229:
226:; Paperback
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:, Vol. I, "
205:
204:
200:
195:
192:
191:
187:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
162:discontinuity
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:quantum field
132:
128:
124:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
296:expanding it
285:
270:
257:
234:
212:VORTEX LINES
199:Gauge Fields
197:
153:
151:
130:
126:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
131:order field
99:August 2014
335:Categories
249:References
182:magnetized
69:newspapers
208:SUPERFLOW
166:monodromy
220:DEFECTS"
216:STRESSES
158:operator
241:Vol. II
83:scholar
237:Vol. I
230:
156:is an
129:or an
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
286:This
188:Books
133:is a
125:, an
90:JSTOR
76:books
292:stub
239:and
228:ISBN
218:AND
210:AND
152:The
62:news
201:in
121:In
45:by
337::
196:,
323:e
316:t
309:v
298:.
243:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
↑
