288:, that is, for his own safety it remained a secret. In 1957, he congratulated him on the 40th anniversary of his priesthood. But Slipyj remained jailed until 1963. The Ruthenian Church continued to suffer. The Soviet authorities initiated persecution of the Ruthenian Church in the newly acquired region. In 1946 the Uzhorod seminary was closed. In 1949 the Ruthenian Catholic Church was integrated into the Russian Orthodox Church. Rusyns on the other side of the Czechoslovak border were also forced to become Orthodox, while those in the Polish Lemko region were deported en masse in 1947 either to the Soviet Union or to other parts of Poland.
237:, they all received severe sentencing. The remaining leaders of the hierarchies and the heads of all seminaries and Episcopal offices were arrested and tried in 1945 and 1946. On July 1, 1945, some three hundred priests of the United Church wrote to Molotov; they protested the arrest of all bishops and large parts of the Catholic clergy. After the Church was thus robbed of all its leadership, a "spontaneous movement" for separation from Rome and unification with the Russian Orthodox Church developed. Mass arrests of
50:
657:
195:. It was claimed that (1) the union with Rome was a Polish conspiracy to dominate and wipe out the culture of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church; (2) orthodox faithful and priests united to Rome had to suffer under Polish bishops of the Latin Rite and Polonisation; (3) but now they are liberated by the Soviet Army under the leadership of Marshal
251:
experienced decadence and abuses. Towards the end of the 16th century, it became obvious that there was no hope of achieving renewal and reform of the
Ruthenian Church except by restoring union with the Apostolic See. Prolonged and difficult negotiations were necessary before a unity application could be achieved in 1596.
263:
feared that these emigrants may lose heir religious identity, and in 1907 he appointed a bishop with special faculties for them. Later on, since the number and the needs of these
Catholics were increasing, a special ordinary bishop was appointed for Galician Catholics in the United States and another
207:
Pope Pius XII answered: "Who does not know that
Patriarch Alexius I, recently elected by the dissident bishops of Russia, openly exalts and preaches defection from the Catholic Church in a letter lately addressed to the Ruthenian Church, a letter which contributes not a little to the persecution?" He
250:
The Pope repeats assurances of his predecessors that the oriental rites will be honoured. There will be no attempt by the
Vatican to change or abandon them. The Pope reviews the history of the Ruthenian Church, which led to the unification with Rome. The Church was in disarray and needed reform; it
212:
proclamation that religious persecution will never happen again: "This had given us hope that peace and true liberty would be granted everywhere to the
Catholic Church, the more so since the Church has always taught, and teaches, that obedience to the ordinances of the lawfully established civil
241:
followed. In Lemko, some five hundred priests were jailed in 1945 or sent to a Gulag, officially called "an unknown destination because of political reasons". In order to address this problem, Pius decided to engage in a comprehensive historical review of the reunion and its advantages to the
134:
In his encyclical, Pope Pius XII explains that many trials and persecutions took place in the last three hundred and fifty years, but that the
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church always came out strong. He reminds of the many favours and assistances the Church received from Rome and how his papal
213:
power, within the sphere and bounds of its authority, is a duty of conscience. But, unfortunately, the events we have mentioned have grievously and bitterly weakened, have almost destroyed, our hope and confidence so far as the lands of the
Ruthenians are concerned.
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on
December 23, 1595, met the emissaries. They read the declaration of all the bishops before the illustrious assembly and then in their own name and that of the other bishops made a solemn profession of faith and promised due obedience and respect.
159:. They are closely related to the Ukrainians and speak a dialect of the same language. The traditional Rusyn homeland extends into northeast Slovakia and the Lemko region of southeast Poland. Until 1922, the area was largely a part of
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1413:
221:
The Pope knew not only about the attempts to separate the United
Churches from Rome. He also was aware that, in months preceding the encyclical, all Catholic bishops of the Ukrainian Church had been arrested, including
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203:
Liberate yourself! You must break the
Vatican chains which throw you into the abyss of error, darkness and spiritual decay. Hurry, return to your true mother, the Russian Orthodox Church!
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predecessors always supported the independent culture and rite of the Oriental Church. In the last part of the encyclical, he addresses the grievances facing the Ukrainians in 1945.
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518:, Pio XII parla alla Chiesa del Silenzio, Editrice Ancona, Milano, 1959, German Translation, Der Papst spricht zur Kirche des Schweigens,Paulus Verlag, Recklinghausen, 1959
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At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the 20th century, economic conditions led to the emigration of many from Galicia to the US, Canada and South America.
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which exerted pressure, on the Ruthenians and other Ukrainians united with Rome, to sever relations and join the Orthodox Church headed by the
1408:
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151:, are united with Rome, which allowed them to keep their own Oriental liturgy and Church laws. The Ruthenian Catholic Church is located in
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and therefore continued ties to Rome are no longer necessary. The new Patriarch Alexius I called on Catholics for a separation from Rome:
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From 1945 to 1958, six Ukrainian bishops were murdered, sentenced to death or died in the Gulag. In 1949, Pope Pius made
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and significant problems developed for all Orthodox. Some Ruthenians, resisting Polonisation, felt deserted by the
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in Canada besides the ordinary bishop, for the faithful of this rite who had emigrated from
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Confessor between East and West : a portrait of Ukrainian Cardinal Josyf Slipyj
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Born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, 2 March 1876 â 9 October 1958
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Jan Olav Smit, Pope Pius XII, London Burns Oates & Washbourne LTD, 1951
489:(in Latin). ser. 2 v. 13 (2). Vatican City (published 1946-01-25): 33â63.
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Richard Cardinal Cushing, Pope Pius XII, St. Paul Editions, Boston, 1959
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127:. It commemorates the three hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the
453:. Internet Archive. Grand Rapids, Mich. : W.B. Eerdmans Pub.
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Persecution of Catholics during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII
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147:, some, like the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and the
398:, London Burns Oates & Washbourne LTD, 1951, p. 174.
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314:, Editrice Ancona, Milano, 1959; German Translation,
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International Catholic-Jewish Historical Commission
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524:Acta Apostolicae Sedis, Roma, Vaticano, 1939,1951
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1404:History of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
318:, Paulus Verlag, Recklinghausen, 1959, p. 112.
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8:
143:While most Oriental Christians belong to an
316:Der Papst spricht zur Kirche des Schweigens
175:and returned to the Orthodox Church. After
163:. After becoming Polish, which follows the
19:
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1359:Pius XII, The Holocaust, and the Cold War
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312:Pio XII parla alla Chiesa del Silenzio
155:. Ruthenian Catholics call themselves
29:for 'All the Eastern Churches'
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1181:Apostolic constitutions and bulls
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149:Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church
125:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
1:
721:Communium interpretes dolorum
376:, ieri e oggi, Roma, 270-275.
92:Communium interpretes dolorum
1409:Encyclicals of Pope Pius XII
1035:Pontifical Relief Commission
784:Redemptoris nostri cruciatus
502:"Orientales omnes Ecclesias"
480:"Orientales omnes Ecclesias"
478:Pope Pius XII (1945-12-23).
587:Cardinal Secretary of State
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1030:Jewish orphans controversy
728:Orientales omnes Ecclesias
653:
447:Pelikan, Jaroslav (1989).
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349:Orientales omnes Ecclesias
337:Orientales omnes Ecclesias
115:(December 23, 1945) is an
112:Orientales omnes Ecclesias
21:Orientales omnes Ecclesias
1352:The Myth of Hitler's Pope
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187:areas became part of the
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1319:Three Popes and the Jews
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826:Sempiternus Rex Christus
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700:Mystici Corporis Christi
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123:to the faithful of the
1345:Under His Very Windows
1040:1942 Christmas address
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246:History of the Reunion
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242:faithful in Ukraine.
139:Encyclical background
1424:1945 in Christianity
1419:December 1945 events
840:Orientales Ecclesias
714:Orientalis Ecclesiae
372:Guglielmo de Vries,
276:After the encyclical
58:Signature date
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833:Ingruentium malorum
819:Evangelii praecones
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308:Alberto Giovannetti
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638:Illness and death
374:Oriente Cristiano
253:Pope Clement VIII
108:
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30:
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1130:Social teachings
931:Invicti athletae
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189:Soviet Union
177:World War II
169:Polonisation
165:Latin Church
142:
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98:
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1196:Magisterium
1186:Encyclicals
924:Fidei donum
735:Quemadmodum
633:Later years
599:(1930â1939)
589:(1930â1939)
583:(1935â1939)
577:(1939â1958)
261:Pope Pius X
235:Show Trials
217:Persecution
179:, in 1945,
100:Quemadmodum
1398:Categories
1312:The Deputy
1050:Yad Vashem
983:statements
791:Anni sacri
618:Nunciature
613:Early life
593:Archpriest
581:Camerlengo
506:vatican.va
292:References
286:in pectore
270:Yugoslavia
117:encyclical
79:In English
34:Encyclical
1383:Pius Wars
1242:Cardinals
1212:Tisserant
1135:Mariology
643:Testament
607:Biography
495:0001-5199
284:cardinal
232:Stalinist
185:Slovakian
1290:Spellman
1252:Advisers
1232:Orsenigo
1217:Maglione
1174:Writings
1122:Theology
1091:Ratlines
628:Election
623:US visit
74:In Latin
40:Pius XII
1376:Related
1295:Spiazzi
1275:Lehnert
1227:Tardini
1222:Montini
1145:Liturgy
1140:Judaism
472:Sources
266:Ukraine
239:priests
228:Siberia
173:Vatican
153:Ukraine
103: â
96:
89:â
1285:Nogara
1280:Leiber
1237:Muench
1112:Russia
1107:Poland
493:
457:
181:Polish
157:Rusyns
1102:China
671:order
483:(PDF)
38:Pope
27:Latin
1270:Kaas
575:Pope
491:ISSN
455:ISBN
183:and
67:Text
1260:Bea
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