1057:
793:
6251:
6233:
6215:
6197:
6179:
6161:
524:
149:
9642:
9630:
357:
9654:
1840:
36:
1826:
which each syllable must have its tone specified), although the rules are complex (each morpheme can contribute its own tone pattern to the word), so that "one can call Oromo a pitch-accent system in terms of the basic lexical representation of pitch, and a tone system in terms of its surface realization." The stressed syllable is perceived as the first syllable of a word with high pitch.
382:
1130:, "dh" in Oromo orthography, a sound that is like an English "d" produced with the tongue curled back slightly and with the air drawn in so that a glottal stop is heard before the following vowel begins. It is retroflex in most dialects, though it is not strongly implosive and may reduce to a flap between vowels. One source describes it as voiceless .
4510:, Oromo makes a basic two-way distinction in its verb system between the two tensed forms, past (or "perfect") and present (or "imperfect" or "non-past"). Each of these has its own set of tense/agreement suffixes. There is a third conjugation based on the present which has three functions: it is used in place of the present in
4381:) are used for both genders. Unlike in English, singular and plural demonstratives are not distinguished, but, as for nouns and personal pronouns in the language, case is distinguished. Only the base and nominative forms are shown in the table below; the other cases are formed from the base form as for nouns, for example,
3627:
The possessive adjectives, treated as separate words here, are sometimes written as noun suffixes. In most dialects there is a distinction between masculine and feminine possessive adjectives for first and second person (the form agreeing with the gender of the modified noun). However, in the western
1102:
in nature, but lacks the inherent vowel present in many such systems; in actual use, all consonant characters are obligatorily marked either with vowel signs (producing CV syllables) or with separate marks used to denote geminated consonants or pure/standalone consonants not followed by a vowel (e.g.
1825:
Only the penultimate or final syllable of a root can have a high tone, and if the penultimate is high, the final must also be high; this implies that Oromo has a pitch-accent system (in which the tone need be specified only on one syllable, the others being predictable) rather than a tone system (in
939:
began translations of the
Gospels of John and Matthew into Oromo, as well as a first grammar and vocabulary. The first Oromo dictionary and grammar was produced by German scholar Karl Tutschek in 1844. The first printing of a transliteration of Oromo language was in 1846 in a German newspaper in an
1074:
which was formally adopted in 1991. Various versions of the Latin-based orthography had been used previously, mostly by Oromos outside of
Ethiopia and by the OLF by the late 1970s (Heine 1986). With the adoption of Qubee, it is believed more texts were written in the Oromo language between 1991 and
3578:
In all of these areas of the grammar—independent pronouns, possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns, and subject–verb agreement—Oromo distinguishes seven combinations of person, number, and gender. For first and second persons, there is a two-way distinction between singular ('I', 'you sg.') and
1028:
since at least the 1980s. The Borana Bible in Kenya was printed in 1995 using the Latin alphabet, but not using the same spelling rules as in
Ethiopian Qubee. The first comprehensive online Oromo dictionary was developed by the Jimma Times Oromiffa Group (JTOG) in cooperation with SelamSoft.
3623:
The table below gives forms of the personal pronouns in the different cases, as well as the possessive adjectives. For the first person plural and third person singular feminine categories, there is considerable variation across dialects; only some of the possibilities are shown.
3226:. For more specific locations, Oromo uses prepositions or postpositions. Postpositions may also take the locative suffix. The locative also seems to overlap somewhat with the instrumental, sometimes having a temporal function. The locative is formed with the suffix
1002:
in elementary schools throughout the region, including areas where other ethnic groups live speaking their languages, and as a language of administration within the region. Since the OLF left the transitional
Ethiopian government in the early 1990s, the
2335:, each indicated by a suffix, the lengthening of the noun's final vowel, or both. For some of the cases, there is a range of forms possible, some covering more than one case, and the differences in meaning among these alternatives may be quite subtle.
5929:
or "intensive," formed by copying the first consonant and vowel of the verb root and geminating the second occurrence of the initial consonant. The resulting stem indicates the repetition or intensive performance of the action of the verb. Examples:
5338:
Verbs whose stems end in two consonants and whose suffix begins with a consonant must insert a vowel to break up the consonants since the language does not permit sequences of three consonants. There are two ways this can happen: either the vowel
2772:
to a final consonant, and by leaving a final long vowel unchanged. The possessor noun follows the possessed noun in a genitive phrase. Many such phrases with specific technical meanings have been added to the Oromo lexicon in recent years.
5790:(or "middle" or "reflexive-middle") voice of a verb V corresponds roughly to English expressions such as 'V for oneself' or 'V on one's own', though the precise meaning may be somewhat unpredictable for many verbs. It is formed by adding
3579:
plural ('we', 'you pl.'), whereas for third person, there is a two-way distinction in the singular ('he', 'she') and a single form for the plural ('they'). Because Oromo has only two genders, there is no pronoun corresponding to
English
3081:
The instrumental is used for nouns that represent the instrument ("with"), the means ("by"), the agent ("by"), the reason, or the time of an event. The formation of the instrumental parallels that of the dative to some extent:
967:, the government undertook a literacy campaign in several languages, including Oromo, and publishing and radio broadcasts began in the language. All Oromo materials printed in Ethiopia at that time, such as the newspaper
6709:
895:
Within Africa, Oromo is the language with the fourth most speakers, after Arabic (if one counts the mutually unintelligible spoken forms of Arabic as a single language and assumes the same for the varieties of Oromo),
5626:
An Oromo verb root can be the basis for three derived voices, passive, causative, and autobenefactive, each formed with addition of a suffix to the root, yielding the stem that the inflectional suffixes are added to.
5420:
in some words, depending on the dialect) belong to three different conjugation classes; the class is not predictable from the verb stem. It is the forms that precede suffixes beginning with consonants (
689:, Oromo has the largest number of native speakers in Ethiopia, and ranks as the second most widely spoken language in Ethiopia by total number of speakers (including second-language speakers) following
1133:
Oromo has the typical
Eastern Cushitic set of five short and five long vowels, indicated in the orthography by doubling the five vowel letters. The difference in length is contrastive, for example,
3499:
that play a role within the grammar of the language. Oromo and
English are such languages. We see these distinctions within the basic set of independent personal pronouns, for example, English
4225:, the Oromo second person plural is also used as a polite singular form, for reference to people that the speaker wishes to show respect towards. This usage is an example of the so-called
5684:
The Oromo causative of a verb V corresponds to
English expressions such as 'cause V', 'make V', 'let V'. With intransitive verbs, it has a transitivizing function. It is formed by adding
5428:) that differ from the usual pattern. The third person masculine singular, second person singular, and first person plural present forms are shown for an example verb in each class.
6268:
1020:(Liberation is Milk) became a hit in Ethiopia. To combat Somali wide-reaching influence, the Ethiopian Government initiated an Oromo language program radio of their own. Within
6949:
1090:(1895–1980; also known by his birth name, Abubaker Usman Odaa) in the late 1950s, and used underground afterwards. Despite structural and organizational influences from
9145:
7594:
1963:
Except in some southern dialects, there is nothing in the form of most nouns that indicates their gender. A small number of nouns pairs for people, however, end in
1037:
added Afaan Oromo as translation. Oromo and Qubee are currently utilized by the
Ethiopian government's state radios, TV stations and regional government newspaper.
947:
annexed Oromo's territory, the language's development into a full-fledged writing instrument was interrupted. The few works that had been published, most notably
907:
Besides first language speakers, a number of members of other ethnicities who are in contact with the Oromo speak it as a second language. See, for example, the
7447:. Monograph (Michigan State University. Committee on Northeast African Studies) no. 12. East Lansing, Mich. : African Studies Center, Michigan State Univ.
8638:
8182:
1186:
appear in parentheses because they are only found in recently adopted words. There have been minor changes in the orthography since it was first adopted:
4373:
and adjectives. Some dialects distinguish masculine and feminine for the proximal pronouns; in the western dialects the masculine forms (beginning with
4229:
that is made in many languages. In addition, the third person plural may be used for polite reference to a single third person (either 'he' or 'she').
5018:), there are predictable changes to one or the other of the consonants. The dialects vary a lot in the details, but the following changes are common.
1918:, masculine and feminine, and all nouns belong to either one or the other. Grammatical gender in Oromo enters into the grammar in the following ways:
1004:
6667:
5541:'do' deviate from the basic conjugation pattern in that long vowels replace the geminated consonants that would result when suffixes beginning with
809:
2087:
When it is important to make the plurality of a referent clear, the plural form of a noun is used. Noun plurals are formed through the addition of
6735:
3596:'we came yesterday'. The Oromo word that translates 'we' does not appear in this sentence, though the person and number are marked on the verb
7301:
7112:
6935:
6768:
6306:
1702:
7556:
7065:
1617:
9138:
7587:
2349:
1624:
7536:
6276:
892:, two languages closely related to Ethiopian Oromo. Within Ethiopia, Oromo is the language with the largest number of native speakers.
1723:
1452:
1261:
1245:
1213:
7471:
7434:
7397:
7378:
7359:
7340:
7268:
7249:
7230:
7202:
6957:
1887:
629:
592:
119:
6414:
Bulcha, Merkuria (1997). "The
Politics of Linguistic Homogenization in Ethiopia and the Conflict over the Status of Afaan Oromoo".
9679:
9423:
8750:
8631:
8175:
7546:
1525:
1355:
1273:
1233:
1221:
5794:
to the verb root. The conjugation of a middle verb is irregular in the third person singular masculine of the present and past (
931:
The Oromo people use a highly developed oral tradition. In the 19th century, scholars began writing in the Oromo language using
9428:
8798:
1861:
1758:
1511:
1179:
536:
291:
53:
9455:
8893:
9684:
9131:
7580:
1865:
1749:
100:
57:
827:
West–Central Oromo (Western Oromo and Central Oromo, including Mecha/Wollega, Raya, Wello (Kemise), Tulema/Shewa), ISO code
72:
6561:
1403:
9620:
9301:
3610:. When the subject in such sentences needs to be given prominence for some reason, an independent pronoun can be used: '
3294:. The ablative, applied to postpositions and locative adverbs as well as nouns proper, is formed in the following ways:
1779:
1552:
1518:
9443:
8849:
2003:'the poor one (f.)'. Grammatical gender normally agrees with natural gender for people and animals; thus nouns such as
9689:
9554:
8624:
8257:
8168:
7656:
1770:
1711:
1537:
693:. Forms of Oromo are spoken as a first language by an additional half-million people in parts of northern and eastern
489:
79:
9296:
1850:
3547:. In Oromo, the same distinctions are also reflected in subject–verb agreement: Oromo verbs (with a few exceptions)
792:
9382:
9169:
8758:
7747:
7511:
6997:"Letter from the Oromo Communities in North America to H.E. Mr. Kofi Anan, Secretary-General of the United Nations"
6982:
2480:
2348:
or base form that is used when the noun is the object of a verb, the object of a preposition or postposition, or a
1631:
1483:
1348:
1340:
1172:
Gemination is not obligatorily marked for digraphs, though some writers indicate it by doubling the first element:
1127:
9263:
9227:
1869:
1854:
46:
9549:
9207:
7704:
6875:"A Remarkable Chapter of German Research History: The Protestant Mission and the Oromo in the Nineteenth Century"
3590:. That is, neutral sentences in which the subject is not emphasized do not require independent subject pronouns:
2301:'the lake'. For animate nouns that can take either gender, the definite suffix may indicate the intended gender:
1808:
1561:
86:
9474:
9241:
9202:
9046:
8149:
7950:
7940:
7915:
5344:
1732:
546:
9467:
9020:
7522:
6996:
982:
Plans to introduce Oromo language instruction in schools, however, were not realized until the government of
410:
9674:
9561:
8959:
8400:
8005:
4369:
Like English, Oromo makes a two-way distinction between proximal ('this, these') and distal ('that, those')
3572:
3548:
1798:
1396:
1389:
1365:
885:
459:
428:
9433:
8807:
3555:; that is, the person, number, and (singular third person) gender of the subject of the verb are marked by
68:
9544:
9538:
9507:
9438:
9316:
9306:
9183:
8944:
8816:
8420:
8312:
8015:
7278:
6250:
6232:
6214:
6196:
6178:
6160:
5886:'cause to pick up'. The causative may be followed by the passive or the autobenefactive; in this case the
1442:
1432:
1304:
1193:
1183:
987:
916:
815:
469:
6978:
6637:
4274:. This noun is inflected for case but, unless it is being emphasized, not for person, number, or gender:
3571:, they are normally not considered to be pronouns and are discussed elsewhere in this article under verb
2084:'five people'. Another way of looking at this is to treat the "singular" form as unspecified for number.
9281:
9268:
9222:
9176:
9154:
7603:
4507:
4370:
1911:
1654:
1589:
1582:
999:
983:
728:
and is also the working language of several of the states within the Ethiopian federal system including
281:
8033:
6874:
1098:, it is a graphically independent creation designed specifically for Oromo phonology. It is largely an
6728:
5343:
is inserted between the stem and the suffix, or the final stem consonants are switched (an example of
8584:
6608:
4323:
3520:
1596:
1413:
1271:
1259:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1211:
1191:
647:
5704:. Verbs whose roots end in ' drop this consonant and may lengthen the preceding vowel before adding
3636:) are used in all cases. Possessive adjectives may take the case endings for the nouns they modify:
9273:
9082:
8543:
8337:
7562:
7452:
6110:
5002:
For verbs with stems ending in certain consonants and suffixes beginning with consonants (that is,
1505:
1475:
1462:
1333:
1299:
1076:
936:
718:
2886:(which acts like a noun in Oromo) indicates purpose. The dative takes one of the following forms:
9405:
8906:
8647:
8365:
8347:
8302:
8191:
8088:
7782:
7734:
7047:
7039:
6431:
5636:
The Oromo passive corresponds closely to the English passive in function. It is formed by adding
4511:
4474:
4458:
3564:
3524:
3496:
3492:
3488:
2471:
Most nouns ending in short vowels with a preceding single consonant drop the final vowel and add
2057:
2033:'girl, daughter' are feminine. However, most names for animals do not specify biological gender.
1915:
1294:
1119:
651:
286:
8458:
7709:
7528:
7454:
Kurze Wörter-Sammlung in Englisch, Deutsch, Amharisch, Oromonisch, Guragesch, hrsg. von L. Krapf
7073:
6041:. The infinitive behaves like a noun; that is, it can take any of the case suffixes. Examples:
1182:
symbol for a phoneme is shown in brackets where it differs from the Oromo letter. The phonemes
9580:
9529:
9462:
8932:
8859:
8778:
8692:
8548:
8428:
8390:
8068:
7995:
7985:
7890:
7875:
7847:
7802:
7719:
7637:
7543:: software for morphological analysis and generation of Oromo (and Amharic and Tigrinya) words
7467:
7430:
7393:
7374:
7355:
7336:
7297:
7264:
7245:
7226:
7198:
6764:
6302:
4478:
4470:
4259:
3587:
3560:
3552:
3076:
2429:
2216:
2099:; a final vowel is dropped before the suffix, and in the western dialects, the suffix becomes
1316:
1118:
Like most other Ethiopian languages, whether Semitic, Cushitic, or Omotic, Oromo has a set of
995:
960:
912:
777:
761:
714:
296:
6525:
3583:; the masculine or feminine pronoun is used according to the gender of the noun referred to.
3222:
The locative is used for nouns that represent general locations of events or states, roughly
9497:
9484:
9448:
9418:
9251:
9236:
9217:
9194:
9066:
8985:
8912:
8866:
8839:
8829:
8773:
8702:
8558:
8538:
8518:
8508:
8503:
8493:
8473:
8463:
8375:
8297:
8210:
8128:
7880:
7870:
7857:
7797:
7787:
7679:
7669:
7031:
6912:
The Ethiopian State at the Crossroads: Decolonization and Democratization or Disintegration?
6423:
6369:
6360:
Hodson, Arnold W.; Walker, Craven H. (July 1924). "Grammar of the Galla or Oromo Language".
5922:
5787:
4222:
4218:
3568:
3290:
The ablative is used to represent the source of an event; it corresponds closely to English
2332:
1959:
Some possessive adjectives ("my", "your") agree with the nouns they modify in some dialects.
1938:
1646:
1545:
1383:
1289:
1126:
and an explosive burst of air. Oromo has another glottalized phone that is more unusual, an
1034:
1030:
908:
897:
603:
569:
193:
167:
148:
93:
7533:
6449:
523:
9646:
9634:
9593:
9586:
9517:
9512:
9492:
9359:
9286:
9212:
9071:
9061:
9015:
8901:
8876:
8844:
8788:
8783:
8740:
8710:
8673:
8563:
8553:
8533:
8528:
8513:
8498:
8453:
8443:
8438:
8395:
8370:
8317:
8287:
8277:
8262:
8229:
8133:
8063:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7822:
7812:
7757:
7694:
7684:
7632:
7540:
7330:
5679:
4565:
4503:
indicates that the tense is past and that the subject of the verb is first person plural.
4226:
4214:
1311:
1046:
1011:
964:
784:'s regime, Oromo was banned in education, in conversation, and in administrative matters.
273:
7022:
Hayward, R. J.; Hassan, Mohammed (1981). "The Oromo Orthography of Shaykh Bakri Saṗalō".
6427:
6373:
5868:
The voice suffixes can be combined in various ways. Two causative suffixes are possible:
4232:
For possessive pronouns ('mine', 'yours', etc.), Oromo adds the possessive adjectives to
5852:'we hold'. Some autobenefactives are derived from nouns rather than verbs, for example,
4590:'know'. The first person singular present and past affirmative forms require the suffix
9658:
9609:
9413:
9377:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9328:
9291:
9114:
9076:
8990:
8980:
8918:
8883:
8854:
8834:
8824:
8768:
8763:
8668:
8663:
8655:
8568:
8523:
8468:
8448:
8410:
8405:
8360:
8355:
8332:
8322:
8292:
8282:
8272:
8267:
8252:
8237:
8205:
8098:
8078:
8073:
8058:
8053:
8043:
8038:
8028:
8023:
7990:
7960:
7955:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7910:
7905:
7895:
7885:
7807:
7792:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7714:
7699:
6327:
4614:, shown as a separate word in the table, is sometimes written as a prefix on the verb.
1123:
1080:
1025:
948:
901:
781:
697:. It is also spoken by smaller numbers of emigrants in other African countries such as
671:
499:
319:
2752:
The genitive is used for possession or "belonging"; it corresponds roughly to English
1056:
514:
9668:
9502:
9387:
9311:
9099:
9030:
9025:
9010:
8949:
8685:
8679:
8380:
8327:
8307:
8247:
8242:
8108:
8103:
8093:
8083:
8048:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7945:
7935:
7900:
7865:
7827:
7742:
7689:
7617:
7051:
6834:
6809:
6784:
5926:
5631:
2345:
1684:
1107:
1095:
991:
889:
873:
821:
773:
753:
745:
733:
679:
675:
479:
6692:
3297:
When the word ends in a short vowel, this vowel is lengthened (as for the genitive).
9055:
8715:
8000:
7752:
7724:
2228:
1372:
1087:
1065:
1060:
The Sheek Bakrii Saphaloo Script, extracted from Sheikh Bakri Sapalo's manuscripts.
1033:
also broadcasts in Oromo alongside its other horn of Africa programs. In May 2022,
932:
920:
698:
667:
329:
254:
154:
4582:
The table below shows the conjugation in the affirmative and negative of the verb
1254:
for different phonemes depending on where it appears in a word. This article uses
7291:
1926:) agree with their subjects in gender when the subject is third person singular (
8600:
1839:
1696:
1679:
1611:
952:
769:
765:
741:
35:
9641:
7506:
6569:
6475:
6322:
2764:. The genitive is usually formed by lengthening a final short vowel, by adding
2554:
If a final short vowel is preceded by two consonants or a geminated consonant,
9653:
7035:
6243:
6225:
6207:
6189:
6171:
6153:
2883:
2423:
2339:
2259:
for feminine nouns. Vowel endings of nouns are dropped before these suffixes:
1790:
1689:
1576:
1146:
686:
2889:
Lengthening of a final short vowel (ambiguously also signifying the genitive)
2048:'star'. The gender of other inanimate nouns varies somewhat among dialects.
8871:
6590:
2248:
1743:
1500:
1328:
1150:
944:
757:
737:
507:
438:
420:
402:
9596:? (unclassified; possibly Nilo-Saharan, transitional or a language isolate)
6500:
6123:
2319:'the priest (f.)'. The definite suffixes appear to be used less often than
6543:
6388:
6238:
6220:
6202:
6184:
6166:
6148:
5969:
The infinitive is formed from a verb stem with the addition of the suffix
3559:
on the verb. Because these suffixes vary greatly with the particular verb
1024:
there has been radio broadcasting in Oromo (in the Borana dialect) on the
494:
484:
474:
464:
454:
445:
7674:
7000:
6342:
4525:
3285:
3217:
2747:
2108:
2060:, but nouns that refer to multiple entities are not obligatorily plural:
1426:
1091:
869:
725:
655:
554:
542:
362:
226:
9123:
7572:
5640:
to the verb root. The resulting stem is conjugated regularly. Examples:
5606:'go' has, alongside regular imperative forms, the irregular imperatives
3043:(with no change to a preceding vowel), especially with verbs of speaking
2838:
In place of the genitive it is also possible to use the relative marker
17:
9276:? (unclassified; possibly Cushitic, transitional or a language isolate)
7664:
7622:
4515:
4466:
4462:
4337:. That is, it is inflected for case but not person, number, or gender:
2619:
is suffixed to this. This pattern applies to infinitives, which end in
1323:
1099:
877:
690:
550:
234:
7483:
A Concise Vocabulary of Orma Oromo (Kenya): Orma-English, English-Orma
7043:
6882:
Cultural Research in Northeastern Africa: German Histories and Stories
6435:
6122:
Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2024).
8616:
8433:
8160:
4262:('myself', 'yourself', etc.). One is to use the noun meaning 'self':
2869:
2088:
776:. It is used as an internet language for federal websites along with
749:
729:
659:
244:
3487:
In most languages, there is a small number of basic distinctions of
2323:
in English, and they seem not to co-occur with the plural suffixes.
1110:
has also been used intermittently in areas with Muslim populations.
1086:
The Sapalo script was an indigenous Oromo script invented by Sheikh
1010:
Radio broadcasts began in the Oromo language in Somalia in 1960 by
8964:
8605:
7557:
Google Translate adds 24 languages, includes Afaan Oromo, Tigrinya
7516:
7283:
An Elementary and Practical Grammar of the Galla or Oromo Language
6668:"Oromo Children's Books Keep Once-Banned Ethiopian Language Alive"
3556:
1670:
1055:
1021:
979:
and many others, were written in the traditional Ethiopic script.
956:
881:
860:
Some of the varieties of Oromo have been examined and classified.
854:
Southern Oromo (Ajuran, Borana, Gabra, Munyo, Orma, Sakuye, Waata)
830:
791:
710:
706:
702:
694:
685:
With more than 41.7 million speakers making up 33.8% of the total
663:
387:
230:
1122:, that is, voiceless stops or affricates that are accompanied by
6111:
https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2024/24109-sheek-bakrii-saphaloo.pdf
2171:; the latter two may cause a preceding consonant to be doubled:
1202:, and there has been some confusion among authors in the use of
812:(Southern Oromo, including Gabra and Sakuye dialects), ISO code
9127:
8620:
8164:
7576:
6761:
Towards the Genetic Classification of the Afaan Oromoo Dialects
6729:"The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List"
6269:"One to Five: Ethiopia Gets Four New Federal Working Languages"
153:"Afaan Oromoo" in the Sheek Bakrii Saphaloo script invented by
6698:(Brochure). National African Language Resource Center (NALRC).
6645:
5408:
Verbs whose stems end in the consonant ' (which may appear as
1953:, etc., in English) have the gender of the noun they refer to.
1833:
1103:
in word-final environments or as part of consonant clusters).
29:
7390:
A Comparative Study of Three Southern Oromo Dialects in Kenya
7261:
The Waata Dialect of Oromo: Grammatical Sketch and Vocabulary
606:
575:
196:
173:
1153:
length can distinguish words from one another, for example,
998:
in Ethiopia, it has been possible to introduce Oromo as the
986:
was overthrown in 1991, except in regions controlled by the
7324:. Addis Ababa: Cooperative Language Institute. p. 363.
6130:(Twenty Seventh ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International
2874:
The dative is used for nouns that represent the recipient (
2606:
is actually geminated, though not normally written as such)
621:
615:
584:
578:
211:
205:
182:
176:
7551:
6616:
3457:'from' whose initial vowel may be dropped in the process:
553:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
7429:. Cambridge University Press (repr. Farnborough, Gregg).
6914:. Lawrenceville, NJ: The Red Sea Press. pp. 174–176.
5977:(in particular all autobenefactive verbs) change this to
4301:
The other possibility is to use the noun meaning 'head',
724:
Oromo serves as one of the official working languages of
7563:"Proposal for Encoding the Sheek Bakrii Saphaloo Script"
6393:
Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Twenty-fifth edition
6387:
Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D.
6880:. In Smidt, Wolbert G. C.; Thubauville, Sophia (eds.).
6591:"Children's Books Breathe New Life Into Oromo Language"
2491:
or that consonant (the details depend on the dialect).
2147:'teachers'. Among the other common plural suffixes are
7464:
A Dictionary of Oromo Technical Terms: Oromo – English
7457:. Basel: Pilgermissions-Buchsdruckerei St. Chrischona.
7315:. Uppsala/Lund: Lundequistska Bokhandeln. p. 232.
7024:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
2479:
to form the nominative. Following certain consonants,
2251:
though this is not normally indicated in writing) and
2227:), but (except in the southern dialects) it indicates
1956:
Adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in gender.
1014:. The programme featured music and propaganda. A song
646:, which is regarded by the Oromo as pejorative, is an
9618:
7371:
Modern Afaan Oromo grammar: qaanqee galma Afaan Oromo
6520:
6518:
4598:
to appear on the word preceding the verb or the word
4518:('let me/us/him, etc. V', together with the particle
630:
593:
7285:. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
3628:
dialects, the masculine forms (those beginning with
3092:
following a long vowel or a lengthened short vowel;
2921:
following a long vowel or a lengthened short vowel;
1979:(f.), as do adjectives when they are used as nouns:
1168:
In the Qubee alphabet, letters include the digraphs
612:
202:
9572:
9528:
9483:
9404:
9370:
9336:
9327:
9250:
9193:
9161:
9092:
9045:
9003:
8973:
8931:
8892:
8815:
8806:
8797:
8749:
8701:
8654:
8593:
8577:
8486:
8419:
8346:
8228:
8219:
8198:
8142:
8121:
8014:
7856:
7733:
7655:
7646:
7610:
7523:
Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement (OFDM) website
3449:An alternative to the ablative is the postposition
1083:also use Roman letters but with different systems.
1075:1997 than in the previous 100 years. In Kenya, the
618:
609:
581:
572:
505:
436:
418:
400:
395:
369:
347:
342:
316:
270:
260:
250:
240:
222:
208:
199:
179:
170:
161:
134:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
7525:contains many articles written in Oromo and audio.
7221:Griefenow-Mewis, Catherine; Tamene Bitima (1994).
3144:following a long vowel or a lengthened short vowel
3344:is added (as for one alternative for the dative).
880:there are also some speakers of the language. In
839:Blench (2006) divides Oromo into four languages:
27:Cushitic language of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia
6262:
6260:
5802:) and in the singular imperative (the suffix is
2681:Some feminine nouns ending in a short vowel add
2668:, the nominative is identical to the base form.
959:from the late 19th century, were written in the
884:, the Ethnologue also lists 722,000 speakers of
1007:(OPDO) continued developing Oromo in Ethiopia.
7066:"The Oromo Orthography of Shaykh Bakri Sapalo"
5696:to the verb root, except that roots ending in
2428:The nominative is used for nouns that are the
9139:
8632:
8176:
7588:
7111:harvp error: no target: CITEREFDissassa1980 (
721:with the largest mother-tongue populations.
266:45.5 million (all countries) (2022–2024)
8:
7420:. Typescript in Khartoum University Library.
7322:Guide to learning the Oromo (Galla) language
7216:. London: University of London. p. 347.
6884:. Frankfurt: Frobenius-Institut. p. 63.
6532:. Central Intelligence Agency. 6 June 2022.
6084:
6078:
6072:
6066:
6060:
6054:
6048:
6042:
6036:
6030:
6024:
6018:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5994:
5988:
5982:
5961:
5955:
5949:
5943:
5937:
5931:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5895:
5881:
5875:
5869:
5859:
5853:
5847:
5841:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5811:
5775:
5769:
5763:
5757:
5751:
5745:
5739:
5733:
5727:
5721:
5715:
5709:
5671:
5665:
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5653:
5647:
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5613:
5607:
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5595:
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5574:
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5562:
5556:
5550:
5536:
5530:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5502:
5496:
5488:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5438:
5432:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5382:
5376:
5370:
5364:
5358:
5352:
5327:
5321:
5298:
5292:
5269:
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5240:
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5228:
5222:
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5158:
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5129:
5106:
5083:
5060:
5037:
5012:
5004:
4992:
4985:
4978:
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4924:
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4898:
4891:
4884:
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4870:
4858:
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4837:
4830:
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4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4702:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4569:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4528:of the present (together with the particle
4519:
4497:
4489:
4482:
4442:
4434:
4422:
4414:
4382:
4375:
4356:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4326:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4293:
4287:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4263:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4081:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4003:
3991:
3985:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3933:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3762:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3709:
3703:
3696:
3690:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3591:
3542:
3532:
3514:
3504:
3466:
3460:
3451:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3406:
3392:
3379:
3365:
3359:
3351:
3338:
3324:
3318:
3310:
3304:
3273:
3265:
3259:
3251:
3245:
3237:
3228:
3203:
3197:
3189:
3183:
3170:
3157:
3151:
3139:
3127:
3121:
3113:
3107:
3094:
3086:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3037:
3024:
3018:
3005:
2997:
2984:
2978:
2970:
2964:
2956:
2950:
2942:
2936:
2923:
2915:
2902:
2896:
2857:
2848:
2840:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2766:
2758:
2736:
2730:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2698:
2692:
2689:. Again assimilation occurs in some cases.
2683:
2671:
2662:
2650:
2644:
2636:
2630:
2621:
2613:
2600:
2592:
2585:
2579:
2571:
2565:
2556:
2543:
2535:
2527:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2500:
2494:
2485:
2473:
2461:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2411:
2403:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2361:
2355:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2253:
2237:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2101:
2093:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2043:
2037:
2036:Names of astronomical bodies are feminine:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1868:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1173:
1160:
1154:
1140:
1134:
1069:
1015:
974:
968:
868:About 85 percent of Oromo speakers live in
748:. It is a language of primary education in
9333:
9256:
9146:
9132:
9124:
8937:
8812:
8803:
8639:
8625:
8617:
8225:
8183:
8169:
8161:
7652:
7595:
7581:
7573:
7427:An Oromo-English, English-Oromo Dictionary
7125:called Qubee Dachaa in the Oromo language.
4355:'they bought each other gifts' (dative of
528:Areas in East Africa where Oromo is spoken
522:
147:
131:
7494:. Addis Ababa: University Printing Press.
7197:. Wroclaw, Poland: Polska Akademia Nauk.
6934:harvp error: no target: CITEREFStroomer (
6858:Tutschek, Karl; Tutschek, Lorenz (1844).
6301:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
4331:(English 'each other') that is used like
2882:) of an event. The dative form of a verb
1888:Learn how and when to remove this message
990:(OLF). With the creation of the regional
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
7517:Voice of America news broadcast in Oromo
7214:The phrase structures of Ethiopian Oromo
7106:
6950:"Online Afaan Oromoo–English Dictionary"
5525:'we hear' (the suffix consonants change)
5020:
4616:
4564:'we don't go'. There is also a separate
4389:
3652:
2021:'ox' are masculine, while nouns such as
1668:
1280:
1178:'be prepared'. In the charts below, the
803:(2015) assigns five ISO codes to Oromo:
9625:
6450:"Oromo (Afaan Oromo, Oromiffa, Oromoo)"
6103:
5351:is inserted between them. For example,
4606:before the verb. The negative particle
1149:is also significant in Oromo. That is,
547:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
7094:
6089:'by being drunk' (instrumental case).
4457:An Oromo verb consists minimally of a
4292:'she bought herself a car' (dative of
1005:Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization
7242:A Grammatical Sketch of Written Oromo
7170:
7158:
7146:
7134:
6918:The Ethiopian State at the Crossroads
6895:Blair, Thomas Lucien Vincent (1965).
5954:'break to pieces, break completely';
5828:'he bought (something) for himself',
5588:'come' has the irregular imperatives
4630:
4624:
4343:'they like each other' (base form of
4280:'she looks at herself' (base form of
2676:'mouth, language (base form or nom.)'
824:(Munyo, Orma, Waata/Sanye), ISO code
670:and neighboring ethnic groups in the
7:
6929:
6714:International Institute of Minnesota
6428:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007852
6374:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a100016
3336:When the word ends in a long vowel,
1866:adding citations to reliable sources
58:adding citations to reliable sources
7240:Griefenow-Mewis, Catherine (2001).
7193:Ali, Mohamed; Zaborski, A. (1990).
6389:"Oromo, West-Central [gaz]"
6065:'in order to reach' (dative case);
3377:When the word ends in a consonant,
2091:. The most common plural suffix is
2056:Oromo displays singular and plural
666:and is spoken predominantly by the
7443:Gragg, Gene B. et al. (ed., 1982)
6299:The Linguistics Student's Handbook
6128:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
6029:is exceptional; its infinitive is
3404:Following a noun in the genitive,
2611:If the noun ends in a long vowel,
713:. Oromo is the most widely spoken
25:
7507:BBC Learning English Afaan Oromoo
7354:. Hildesheim; New York: G. Olms.
6899:. New York: Praeger. p. 126.
6267:Shaban, Abdurahman (2020-03-04).
4387:'at/on/in that' (locative case).
4258:Oromo has two ways of expressing
4254:Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns
1807:
1797:
1778:
1769:
1757:
1748:
1731:
1722:
1710:
1701:
1653:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1560:
1551:
1536:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1482:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1431:
1412:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1371:
1364:
1354:
1347:
1339:
940:article on the Oromo in Germany.
9652:
9640:
9628:
7418:English-Oromo-Amharic Vocabulary
7392:. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
7373:. Bloomington, IN: Authorhouse.
6999:. April 17, 2000. Archived from
6860:Dictionary of the Galla Language
6249:
6231:
6213:
6195:
6177:
6159:
5890:of the causative is replaced by
1838:
602:
568:
380:
355:
192:
166:
34:
7512:Online Oromo – Qubee Dictionary
6741:from the original on 2012-11-16
5906:'return (transitive), answer',
3385:is added (as for the genitive).
1180:International Phonetic Alphabet
796:Varieties and dialects of Oromo
45:needs additional citations for
7466:. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
7352:Zur Grammatik der Gallasprache
7293:Phonologies of Asia and Africa
7244:. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
7225:. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
7195:Handbook of the Oromo Language
6763:. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
6759:Janko, Kebede Hordofa (2012).
6710:"Ethiopians: Amhara and Oromo"
2854:(f.) preceding the possessor.
1226:, with some early works using
1:
6873:Smidt, Wolbert G. C. (2015).
6666:Davey, Melissa (2016-02-13).
5981:before the suffix. Examples:
5846:'seize, hold (for oneself)',
5834:'buy for yourself (sing.)!';
4391:Oromo demonstrative pronouns
2235:) with suffixes on the noun:
1922:Verbs (except for the copula
1210:in representing the phonemes
7416:Bramly, A. Jennings (1909).
7320:Launhardt, Johannes (1973).
6985:, School of African Studies.
6956:. 2009-04-15. Archived from
6727:Blench, Roger (2006-11-14).
5912:'be returned, be answered',
5900:'- 'return (intransitive)',
4307:, with possessive suffixes:
2331:Oromo nouns appear in seven
1114:Consonant and vowel phonemes
654:branch. It is native to the
642:), historically also called
7350:Praetorius, Franz (1973) .
7290:Lloret, Maria-Rosa (1997).
7263:. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
6395:. Dallas: SIL International
5973:. Verbs whose stems end in
4481:agreement. For example, in
4465:meaning of the verb, and a
4289:isheen ofiif makiinaa bitte
3202:'to come out, coming out',
2344:The absolutive case is the
740:regional states and of the
335:Qubee Sheek Bakrii Saphaloo
9706:
7311:Nordfeldt, Martin (1947).
7011:– via Oromia Online.
6983:University of Pennsylvania
3602:('we came') by the suffix
3061:'tell, say (imperative)',
2219:(corresponding to English
1198:) was originally rendered
1044:
9603:
9259:
9108:
8940:
7547:500 Word Oromo Dictionary
7529:PanAfriL10n page on Oromo
7036:10.1017/S0041977X00144209
6456:. University of Cambridge
6454:Language Centre Resources
6035:rather than the expected
5720:'cause to know, inform',
4817:
4709:
4679:
4638:
4635:
4627:
4622:
4495:is the stem ('come') and
4110:isinii, isiniif, isinitti
2243:for masculine nouns (the
1645:
1610:
1575:
1499:
1322:
1286:
1041:Phonology and orthography
810:Boranaa–Arsii–Gujii Oromo
533:
521:
349:Official language in
146:
139:
8150:Ethiopian sign languages
7492:Oromo-English Dictionary
7481:Stroomer, Harry (2001).
7451:Mayer, Johannes (1878).
7425:Foot, Edwin C. (1968) .
7388:Stroomer, Harry (1987).
7332:A Grammar of Harar Oromo
7329:Owens, Jonathan (1985).
6897:Africa: A Market Profile
5960:'push, apply pressure',
5942:'spend several nights',
5918:'get back for oneself'.
5487:'you (sg.) are hungry',
4213:As in languages such as
3654:Oromo personal pronouns
2907:'to the man, of the man'
2394:, 'inside (a/the) house'
2215:Oromo has no indefinite
1128:implosive retroflex stop
1064:Oromo is written with a
994:under the new system of
923:in northwestern Oromia.
682:and northeastern Kenya.
9680:East Cushitic languages
7490:Gamta, Tilahun (1989).
7462:Bitima, Tamene (2000).
7279:Hodson, Arnold Weinholt
6835:"Languages of Ethiopia"
5921:Another derived verbal
5798:in the stem changes to
4618:Oromo verb conjugation
3527:, for example, English
2655:'to eat, eating (nom.)'
2598:in the definite suffix
2463:Ibsaan konkolaataa qaba
955:'s translations of the
332:(Qubee, Oromo alphabet)
9363:(possibly independent)
7485:. Köln: Rudiger Köppe.
7369:Roba, Taha M. (2004).
6862:. Munich: L. Tutschek.
6785:"Languages of Somalia"
6297:Bauer, Laurie (2007).
6167:Borana–Arsi–Guji Oromo
6085:
6079:
6073:
6067:
6061:
6055:
6049:
6043:
6037:
6031:
6025:
6019:
6013:
6007:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5983:
5962:
5956:
5950:
5944:
5938:
5932:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5860:
5854:
5848:
5842:
5836:
5830:
5824:
5818:
5812:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5758:
5752:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5710:
5672:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5648:
5642:
5614:
5608:
5602:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5575:
5569:
5563:
5557:
5551:
5537:
5531:
5521:
5515:
5509:
5503:
5497:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5439:
5433:
5401:
5395:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5328:
5322:
5299:
5293:
5270:
5264:
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5188:
5182:
5159:
5153:
5130:
5107:
5084:
5061:
5038:
5013:
5005:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4703:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4609:
4601:
4593:
4585:
4570:
4560:
4554:
4548:
4542:
4536:
4530:
4520:
4498:
4490:
4483:
4443:
4435:
4423:
4415:
4383:
4376:
4371:demonstrative pronouns
4365:Demonstrative pronouns
4357:
4351:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4319:'yourself (s.)', etc.
4315:
4309:
4303:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4082:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4004:
3992:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3934:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3710:
3704:
3697:
3691:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3592:
3543:
3533:
3515:
3505:
3468:gabaa irraa, gabaarraa
3467:
3461:
3452:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3407:
3393:
3380:
3366:
3360:
3352:
3339:
3325:
3319:
3311:
3305:
3274:
3266:
3260:
3252:
3246:
3238:
3229:
3204:
3198:
3190:
3184:
3176:following a long vowel
3171:
3158:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3122:
3118:'by hand, with a hand'
3114:
3108:
3095:
3087:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3038:
3025:
3019:
3011:following a long vowel
3006:
2998:
2985:
2979:
2971:
2965:
2957:
2951:
2943:
2937:
2924:
2916:
2903:
2897:
2859:obboleetti kan namicha
2858:
2849:
2841:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2767:
2759:
2737:
2731:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2699:
2693:
2684:
2672:
2663:
2651:
2645:
2637:
2631:
2622:
2614:
2601:
2593:
2590:'the man (nom.)' (the
2586:
2580:
2572:
2566:
2557:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2501:
2495:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2412:
2404:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2362:
2356:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2254:
2238:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2102:
2094:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2044:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1937:Third person singular
1174:
1161:
1155:
1141:
1135:
1070:
1061:
1016:
988:Oromo Liberation Front
975:
969:
797:
639:
535:This article contains
460:Borana–Arsi–Guji Oromo
9685:Languages of Ethiopia
9155:Afroasiatic languages
7604:Languages of Ethiopia
7259:Heine, Bernd (1981).
7070:The Abyssinia Gateway
6910:Lata, Leenco (1999).
6347:TheFreeDictionary.com
5858:'work' from the noun
5783:Autobenefactive voice
5405:'you (sg.) laughed'.
5163:'you (sg.) take out'
4508:Afroasiatic languages
3521:possessive adjectives
3100:following a consonant
3026:sareedhaa, sareedhaaf
2947:'to a girl, daughter'
2929:following a consonant
2878:) or the benefactor (
1997:'the rich one (m.)',
1912:Afroasiatic languages
1059:
1000:medium of instruction
984:Mengistu Haile Mariam
851:Eastern Oromo (Harar)
848:Shewa (Tuulama, Arsi)
795:
8585:Kenyan Sign Language
6810:"Languages of Kenya"
6501:"West Central Oromo"
5744:'pick up (sing.)!';
5732:'- 'go up, get up',
5579:'didn't want', etc.
4631:Jussive, Imperative
3613:nuti kaleessa dhufne
3156:'Oromo (language)',
2660:If the noun ends in
2413:inni barsiisaa (dha)
1862:improve this section
1017:Bilisummaan Aannaani
845:Western Oromo (Maca)
687:Ethiopian population
678:particularly in the
650:that belongs to the
648:Afroasiatic language
54:improve this article
8487:Immigrant languages
7212:Baye Yimam (1986).
7003:on 5 September 2012
6597:. 16 February 2016.
6023:'to say'. The verb
5936:'spend the night',
5822:'buy for oneself',
5658:'they were known';
5332:'you (sg.) finish'
4639:Subordinate clause
4619:
4512:subordinate clauses
4461:, representing the
4392:
3655:
3586:Oromo is a subject
2975:'in order to learn'
2827:'mouth, language',
2790:obboleetti namichaa
2483:changes either the
2366:'we bought a house'
2350:nominal predicative
2313:'the priest (m.)',
2111:with a long vowel:
1916:grammatical genders
1673:
1283:
1170:ch, dh, ny, ph, sh.
1120:ejective consonants
937:Johann Ludwig Krapf
719:languages of Africa
717:and among the five
371:Recognised minority
9690:Languages of Kenya
8648:Cushitic languages
8258:Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki
8199:Official languages
8192:Languages of Kenya
7611:Official languages
7552:Oromo – Daily News
7539:2011-08-10 at the
7335:. Hamburg: Buske.
7223:Lehrbuch des Oromo
6530:The World Factbook
6221:West Central Oromo
5573:'you (pl.) want',
5561:'you (sg.) want',
5519:'you (sg.) hear',
5274:'you (sg.) bring'
5065:'you (sg.) drink'
4919:beektu, beektan(i)
4617:
4390:
4352:kennaa walii bitan
4324:reciprocal pronoun
4260:reflexive pronouns
3653:
3650:: locative case).
2941:'girl, daughter',
2862:'the man's sister'
2821:'field of study',
2793:'the man's sister'
2649:'to eat, eating',
2576:'statement (nom.)'
2541:may assimilate to
2466:'Ibsaa has a car'.
1813:⟨aa⟩
1784:⟨oo⟩
1763:⟨ee⟩
1737:⟨uu⟩
1716:⟨ii⟩
1669:
1601:⟨ny⟩
1530:⟨sh⟩
1488:⟨dh⟩
1437:⟨ph⟩
1360:⟨ch⟩
1281:
1268:⟨ch⟩
1240:⟨ch⟩
1208:⟨ch⟩
1200:⟨th⟩
1062:
876:. In addition, in
818:(Harar), ISO code
798:
674:. It is used as a
490:West Central Oromo
9616:
9615:
9610:extinct languages
9400:
9399:
9396:
9395:
9170:Proto-Afroasiatic
9121:
9120:
9115:extinct languages
9041:
9040:
8999:
8998:
8927:
8926:
8614:
8613:
8482:
8481:
8158:
8157:
8122:Foreign languages
8117:
8116:
7303:978-1-57506-019-4
6770:978-3-89645-487-4
6368:(XCII): 328–329.
6308:978-0-7486-2759-2
6247:(27th ed., 2024)
6229:(27th ed., 2024)
6211:(27th ed., 2024)
6193:(27th ed., 2024)
6175:(27th ed., 2024)
6157:(27th ed., 2024)
5529:The common verbs
5469:'-, 'be hungry':
5455:'you (sg.) die',
5336:
5335:
5303:'you (sg.) play'
5042:'you (sg.) have'
5000:
4999:
4506:As in many other
4450:
4449:
4211:
4210:
3642:'to my village' (
3620:came yesterday'.
3588:pro-drop language
3519:' and the set of
3483:Personal pronouns
2813:, 'Caaltuu's job'
2416:'he is a teacher'
2386:'until (the) end'
2333:grammatical cases
1939:personal pronouns
1898:
1897:
1890:
1818:
1817:
1803:⟨a⟩
1775:⟨o⟩
1754:⟨e⟩
1728:⟨u⟩
1707:⟨i⟩
1667:
1666:
1636:⟨y⟩
1467:⟨q⟩
1457:⟨c⟩
1447:⟨x⟩
1418:⟨g⟩
1408:⟨j⟩
1377:⟨'⟩
1258:consistently for
1256:⟨c⟩
1252:⟨c⟩
1228:⟨c⟩
1204:⟨c⟩
1188:⟨x⟩
996:ethnic federalism
762:Benishangul-Gumuz
715:Cushitic language
561:
560:
543:rendering support
539:phonetic symbols.
451:Individual codes:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
9697:
9657:
9656:
9645:
9644:
9633:
9632:
9631:
9624:
9449:Somali languages
9334:
9257:
9148:
9141:
9134:
9125:
8938:
8867:Somali languages
8813:
8804:
8641:
8634:
8627:
8618:
8226:
8185:
8178:
8171:
8162:
7705:Sebat Bet Gurage
7653:
7597:
7590:
7583:
7574:
7569:
7567:
7495:
7486:
7477:
7458:
7445:Oromo Dictionary
7440:
7421:
7403:
7384:
7365:
7346:
7325:
7316:
7307:
7296:. Alan S. Kaye.
7286:
7274:
7255:
7236:
7217:
7208:
7174:
7168:
7162:
7156:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7132:
7126:
7123:
7117:
7116:
7109:, pp. 10–11
7104:
7098:
7092:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7072:. Archived from
7062:
7056:
7055:
7019:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7008:
6993:
6987:
6986:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6946:
6940:
6939:
6927:
6921:
6915:
6907:
6901:
6900:
6892:
6886:
6885:
6879:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6855:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6806:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6781:
6775:
6774:
6756:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6746:
6740:
6733:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6706:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6663:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6644:. Archived from
6638:"ቤት | FMOH"
6634:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6615:. Archived from
6605:
6599:
6598:
6587:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6568:. Archived from
6558:
6552:
6551:
6540:
6534:
6533:
6522:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6476:"Oromo Language"
6472:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6422:(384): 325–352.
6411:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6384:
6378:
6377:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6284:
6275:. Archived from
6264:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6236:
6235:
6218:
6217:
6200:
6199:
6182:
6181:
6164:
6163:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6119:
6113:
6108:
6088:
6082:
6076:
6070:
6064:
6058:
6052:
6046:
6040:
6034:
6028:
6022:
6016:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5986:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5917:
5911:
5905:
5899:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5863:
5857:
5851:
5845:
5839:
5833:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5725:
5719:
5713:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5617:
5611:
5605:
5599:
5593:
5587:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5560:
5554:
5540:
5534:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5506:
5500:
5492:
5486:
5481:'he is hungry',
5480:
5474:
5468:
5460:
5454:
5448:
5442:
5436:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5386:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5347:) and the vowel
5331:
5325:
5302:
5296:
5273:
5267:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5226:
5191:
5185:
5162:
5156:
5133:
5110:
5087:
5064:
5041:
5021:
5016:
5008:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4966:beeku, beekan(i)
4961:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4573:
4563:
4557:
4551:
4545:
4539:
4534:). For example,
4533:
4523:
4501:
4493:
4486:
4446:
4438:
4426:
4418:
4406:('that, those')
4401:('this, these')
4393:
4386:
4379:
4360:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4336:
4330:
4318:
4312:
4306:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4277:isheen of laalti
4273:
4267:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4085:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4032:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4007:
3995:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3965:
3957:
3951:
3945:
3937:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3766:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3713:
3707:
3700:
3694:
3656:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3595:
3546:
3536:
3518:
3508:
3470:
3464:
3455:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3410:
3396:
3383:
3369:
3363:
3355:
3342:
3328:
3322:
3314:
3308:
3277:
3269:
3263:
3255:
3249:
3241:
3232:
3207:
3201:
3193:
3187:
3174:
3161:
3159:Afaan Oromootiin
3155:
3143:
3131:
3125:
3117:
3111:
3098:
3090:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3041:
3028:
3022:
3009:
3001:
2988:
2982:
2974:
2968:
2960:
2954:
2946:
2940:
2927:
2919:
2906:
2900:
2861:
2852:
2844:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2812:
2807:, woman's name,
2806:
2800:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2770:
2762:
2740:
2734:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2702:
2696:
2687:
2675:
2666:
2654:
2648:
2640:
2634:
2625:
2617:
2604:
2596:
2589:
2583:
2575:
2569:
2560:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2504:
2498:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2457:
2451:
2446:'Ibsaa (nom.)',
2445:
2439:
2415:
2407:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2365:
2359:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2257:
2241:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2105:
2097:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2047:
2041:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1914:, Oromo has two
1910:Like most other
1893:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1842:
1834:
1814:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1674:
1657:
1637:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1602:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1564:
1555:
1540:
1531:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1489:
1486:
1468:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1419:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1378:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1351:
1343:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1144:
1138:
1073:
1035:Google Translate
1031:Voice of America
1019:
978:
972:
963:. Following the
872:, mainly in the
634:
628:
627:
624:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
596:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
526:
517:
497:
487:
477:
467:
457:
449:– inclusive code
448:
441:
432:
431:
423:
414:
413:
405:
390:
386:
384:
383:
373:language in
365:
361:
359:
358:
322:
276:
218:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
189:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
151:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Oromo language"
62:
38:
30:
21:
9705:
9704:
9700:
9699:
9698:
9696:
9695:
9694:
9665:
9664:
9663:
9651:
9639:
9629:
9627:
9619:
9617:
9612:
9599:
9568:
9524:
9479:
9392:
9366:
9323:
9246:
9189:
9157:
9152:
9122:
9117:
9104:
9088:
9037:
8995:
8969:
8923:
8888:
8793:
8745:
8697:
8650:
8645:
8615:
8610:
8594:Urban languages
8589:
8573:
8478:
8415:
8342:
8221:
8215:
8194:
8189:
8159:
8154:
8138:
8113:
8010:
7941:Kachama-Ganjule
7916:Gamo-Gofa-Dawro
7852:
7729:
7648:
7642:
7606:
7601:
7565:
7561:
7541:Wayback Machine
7503:
7498:
7489:
7480:
7474:
7461:
7450:
7437:
7424:
7415:
7411:
7406:
7400:
7387:
7381:
7368:
7362:
7349:
7343:
7328:
7319:
7313:A Galla Grammar
7310:
7304:
7289:
7277:
7271:
7258:
7252:
7239:
7233:
7220:
7211:
7205:
7192:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7177:
7169:
7165:
7161:, p. 36–37
7157:
7153:
7145:
7141:
7133:
7129:
7124:
7120:
7110:
7107:Dissassa (1980)
7105:
7101:
7093:
7089:
7079:
7077:
7064:
7063:
7059:
7021:
7020:
7016:
7006:
7004:
6995:
6994:
6990:
6977:
6976:
6972:
6963:
6961:
6948:
6947:
6943:
6933:
6928:
6924:
6909:
6908:
6904:
6894:
6893:
6889:
6877:
6872:
6871:
6867:
6857:
6856:
6852:
6843:
6841:
6833:
6832:
6828:
6818:
6816:
6808:
6807:
6803:
6793:
6791:
6783:
6782:
6778:
6771:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6744:
6742:
6738:
6731:
6726:
6725:
6721:
6708:
6707:
6703:
6695:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6676:
6674:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6651:
6649:
6636:
6635:
6631:
6622:
6620:
6607:
6606:
6602:
6589:
6588:
6584:
6575:
6573:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6542:
6541:
6537:
6524:
6523:
6516:
6506:
6504:
6499:
6498:
6494:
6484:
6482:
6474:
6473:
6469:
6459:
6457:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6416:African Affairs
6413:
6412:
6408:
6398:
6396:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6362:African Affairs
6359:
6358:
6354:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6309:
6296:
6295:
6291:
6282:
6280:
6266:
6265:
6258:
6248:
6237:
6230:
6219:
6212:
6201:
6194:
6183:
6176:
6165:
6158:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6109:
6105:
6100:
6095:
5788:autobenefactive
5762:'she puts in';
5726:'we informed';
5680:Causative voice
5624:
5493:'we are hungry'
5134:'you (sg.) go'
4947:hin beek(i)inaa
4580:
4524:), and for the
4469:, representing
4455:
4439:
4419:
4405:
4400:
4367:
4256:
4227:T-V distinction
4141:
4086:
3834:
3767:
3681:
3593:kaleessa dhufne
3485:
3480:
3356:'from Finfinne'
3208:'by coming out'
3064:Caaltuutti himi
2830:barumsa afaanii
2719:assimilates to
2383:hamma dhumaatti
2329:
2213:
2054:
1908:
1903:
1894:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1859:
1843:
1832:
1823:
1821:Tone and stress
1812:
1802:
1783:
1774:
1762:
1753:
1736:
1727:
1715:
1706:
1635:
1600:
1529:
1487:
1466:
1456:
1446:
1436:
1417:
1407:
1376:
1359:
1327:
1306:
1298:
1267:
1255:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1187:
1116:
1054:
1052:Writing systems
1049:
1047:Oromo phonology
1043:
1012:Radio Mogadishu
992:state of Oromia
965:1974 Revolution
929:
927:Language policy
866:
790:
632:
605:
601:
594:
571:
567:
541:Without proper
529:
513:
493:
492:
483:
482:
473:
472:
463:
462:
453:
452:
450:
444:
437:
427:
426:
419:
409:
408:
401:
391:
381:
379:
378:
374:
372:
356:
354:
353:
350:
343:Official status
338:
323:
318:
312:
277:
274:Language family
272:
263:
262:Native speakers
195:
191:
169:
165:
157:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9703:
9701:
9693:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9675:Oromo language
9667:
9666:
9662:
9661:
9649:
9637:
9614:
9613:
9604:
9601:
9600:
9598:
9597:
9591:
9590:
9589:
9576:
9574:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9566:
9565:
9564:
9559:
9558:
9557:
9542:
9534:
9532:
9526:
9525:
9523:
9522:
9521:
9520:
9515:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9489:
9487:
9481:
9480:
9478:
9477:
9472:
9471:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9459:
9458:
9453:
9452:
9451:
9446:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9410:
9408:
9402:
9401:
9398:
9397:
9394:
9393:
9391:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9374:
9372:
9368:
9367:
9365:
9364:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9340:
9338:
9331:
9325:
9324:
9322:
9321:
9320:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9302:Hausa–Gwandara
9299:
9294:
9289:
9279:
9278:
9277:
9266:
9260:
9254:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9233:
9232:
9231:
9230:
9225:
9215:
9205:
9199:
9197:
9191:
9190:
9188:
9187:
9180:
9173:
9165:
9163:
9159:
9158:
9153:
9151:
9150:
9143:
9136:
9128:
9119:
9118:
9109:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9102:
9096:
9094:
9090:
9089:
9087:
9086:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9051:
9049:
9043:
9042:
9039:
9038:
9036:
9035:
9034:
9033:
9028:
9018:
9013:
9007:
9005:
9001:
9000:
8997:
8996:
8994:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8977:
8975:
8971:
8970:
8968:
8967:
8962:
8960:Southern Oromo
8957:
8952:
8947:
8941:
8935:
8929:
8928:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8921:
8916:
8909:
8904:
8898:
8896:
8890:
8889:
8887:
8886:
8881:
8880:
8879:
8874:
8864:
8863:
8862:
8857:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8821:
8819:
8810:
8801:
8795:
8794:
8792:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8755:
8753:
8747:
8746:
8744:
8743:
8738:
8737:
8736:
8733:
8730:
8727:
8724:
8721:
8713:
8707:
8705:
8699:
8698:
8696:
8695:
8690:
8689:
8688:
8683:
8671:
8666:
8660:
8658:
8652:
8651:
8646:
8644:
8643:
8636:
8629:
8621:
8612:
8611:
8609:
8608:
8603:
8597:
8595:
8591:
8590:
8588:
8587:
8581:
8579:
8578:Sign languages
8575:
8574:
8572:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8490:
8488:
8484:
8483:
8480:
8479:
8477:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8425:
8423:
8417:
8416:
8414:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8401:Southern Oromo
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8352:
8350:
8344:
8343:
8341:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8234:
8232:
8223:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8213:
8208:
8202:
8200:
8196:
8195:
8190:
8188:
8187:
8180:
8173:
8165:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8152:
8146:
8144:
8143:Sign languages
8140:
8139:
8137:
8136:
8131:
8125:
8123:
8119:
8118:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8020:
8018:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8006:Zayse-Zergulla
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7862:
7860:
7854:
7853:
7851:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7739:
7737:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7661:
7659:
7650:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7614:
7612:
7608:
7607:
7602:
7600:
7599:
7592:
7585:
7577:
7571:
7570:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7531:
7526:
7520:
7514:
7509:
7502:
7501:External links
7499:
7497:
7496:
7487:
7478:
7472:
7459:
7448:
7441:
7435:
7422:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7404:
7398:
7385:
7379:
7366:
7360:
7347:
7341:
7326:
7317:
7308:
7302:
7287:
7275:
7269:
7256:
7250:
7237:
7231:
7218:
7209:
7203:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7163:
7151:
7139:
7127:
7118:
7099:
7087:
7076:on 9 July 2010
7057:
7030:(3): 550–566.
7014:
6988:
6970:
6941:
6922:
6902:
6887:
6865:
6850:
6826:
6801:
6776:
6769:
6751:
6719:
6701:
6684:
6658:
6629:
6600:
6582:
6553:
6535:
6514:
6492:
6467:
6441:
6406:
6379:
6352:
6334:
6328:Dictionary.com
6314:
6307:
6289:
6256:
6141:
6114:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6083:to be drunk',
5866:
5865:
5784:
5781:
5682:
5677:
5634:
5623:
5620:
5527:
5526:
5494:
5462:
5393:'he laughed',
5334:
5333:
5319:
5305:
5304:
5290:
5276:
5275:
5261:
5247:
5246:
5220:
5194:
5193:
5192:'we take out'
5179:
5165:
5164:
5150:
5136:
5135:
5127:
5113:
5112:
5104:
5090:
5089:
5081:
5067:
5066:
5058:
5044:
5043:
5035:
4998:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4579:
4576:
4552:'that we go',
4454:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4420:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4366:
4363:
4255:
4252:
4250:'yours', etc.
4209:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4033:
4008:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3939:
3931:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3714:
3701:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3414:
3413:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3387:
3386:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3357:
3346:
3345:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3323:'inside, in',
3316:
3315:'from country'
3299:
3298:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3271:
3257:
3243:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3195:
3178:
3177:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3146:
3145:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3119:
3102:
3101:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3067:'tell Caaltuu'
3055:woman's name,
3045:
3044:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3013:
3012:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2976:
2962:
2948:
2931:
2930:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2891:
2890:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2814:
2794:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2728:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2642:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2577:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2525:'men (nom.)' (
2506:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2395:
2387:
2367:
2342:
2328:
2325:
2212:
2209:
2053:
2050:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1935:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1846:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1767:
1765:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1720:
1718:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1532:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1369:
1362:
1352:
1345:
1336:
1331:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1292:
1287:
1124:glottalization
1115:
1112:
1066:Latin alphabet
1053:
1050:
1045:Main article:
1042:
1039:
1026:Voice of Kenya
961:Ge'ez alphabet
949:Onesimos Nesib
928:
925:
865:
862:
858:
857:
856:
855:
852:
849:
846:
837:
836:
835:
834:
828:
825:
819:
813:
789:
786:
782:Haile Selassie
672:Horn of Africa
559:
558:
545:, you may see
531:
530:
527:
519:
518:
511:
503:
502:
442:
434:
433:
424:
416:
415:
406:
398:
397:
396:Language codes
393:
392:
377:
375:
370:
367:
366:
351:
348:
345:
344:
340:
339:
337:
336:
333:
326:
324:
320:Writing system
317:
314:
313:
311:
310:
309:
308:
307:
306:
305:
304:
280:
278:
271:
268:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
224:
223:Native to
220:
219:
163:
159:
158:
152:
144:
143:
137:
136:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9702:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9672:
9670:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9636:
9626:
9622:
9611:
9607:
9602:
9595:
9592:
9588:
9585:
9584:
9583:
9582:
9578:
9577:
9575:
9571:
9563:
9560:
9556:
9553:
9552:
9551:
9548:
9547:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9540:
9536:
9535:
9533:
9531:
9527:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9510:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9490:
9488:
9486:
9482:
9476:
9473:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9457:
9454:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9444:Rendille–Boni
9442:
9441:
9440:
9437:
9436:
9435:
9432:
9431:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9424:Highland East
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9411:
9409:
9407:
9403:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9375:
9373:
9369:
9362:
9361:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9326:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9283:
9280:
9275:
9272:
9271:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9261:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9249:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9220:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9210:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9200:
9198:
9196:
9192:
9186:
9185:
9184:Proto-Semitic
9181:
9179:
9178:
9174:
9172:
9171:
9167:
9166:
9164:
9162:Reconstructed
9160:
9156:
9149:
9144:
9142:
9137:
9135:
9130:
9129:
9126:
9116:
9112:
9107:
9101:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9091:
9085:
9084:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9057:
9053:
9052:
9050:
9048:
9044:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9023:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9008:
9006:
9002:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8978:
8976:
8972:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8945:Eastern Oromo
8943:
8942:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8930:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8914:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8899:
8897:
8895:
8891:
8885:
8882:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8869:
8868:
8865:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8852:
8851:
8850:Rendille–Boni
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8818:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8796:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8756:
8754:
8752:
8751:Highland East
8748:
8742:
8739:
8734:
8731:
8728:
8725:
8722:
8719:
8718:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8708:
8706:
8704:
8700:
8694:
8691:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8681:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8657:
8653:
8649:
8642:
8637:
8635:
8630:
8628:
8623:
8622:
8619:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8592:
8586:
8583:
8582:
8580:
8576:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8491:
8489:
8485:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8426:
8424:
8422:
8418:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8349:
8345:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8231:
8227:
8224:
8218:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8203:
8201:
8197:
8193:
8186:
8181:
8179:
8174:
8172:
8167:
8166:
8163:
8151:
8148:
8147:
8145:
8141:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8120:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8044:Kacipo-Balesi
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8021:
8019:
8017:
8013:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7863:
7861:
7859:
7855:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7740:
7738:
7736:
7732:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7654:
7651:
7645:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7609:
7605:
7598:
7593:
7591:
7586:
7584:
7579:
7578:
7575:
7564:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7542:
7538:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7524:
7521:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7500:
7493:
7488:
7484:
7479:
7475:
7473:3-89645-062-X
7469:
7465:
7460:
7456:
7455:
7449:
7446:
7442:
7438:
7436:0-576-11622-X
7432:
7428:
7423:
7419:
7414:
7413:
7408:
7401:
7399:3-87118-846-8
7395:
7391:
7386:
7382:
7380:1-4184-7480-0
7376:
7372:
7367:
7363:
7361:3-487-06556-8
7357:
7353:
7348:
7344:
7342:3-87118-717-8
7338:
7334:
7333:
7327:
7323:
7318:
7314:
7309:
7305:
7299:
7295:
7294:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7276:
7272:
7270:3-496-00174-7
7266:
7262:
7257:
7253:
7251:3-89645-039-5
7247:
7243:
7238:
7234:
7232:3-927620-05-X
7228:
7224:
7219:
7215:
7210:
7206:
7204:83-04-03316-X
7200:
7196:
7191:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7172:
7167:
7164:
7160:
7155:
7152:
7148:
7143:
7140:
7136:
7131:
7128:
7122:
7119:
7114:
7108:
7103:
7100:
7097:, p. 500
7096:
7095:Lloret (1997)
7091:
7088:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7061:
7058:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7037:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7018:
7015:
7002:
6998:
6992:
6989:
6984:
6980:
6979:"Afaan Oromo"
6974:
6971:
6960:on 2012-06-15
6959:
6955:
6951:
6945:
6942:
6937:
6931:
6926:
6923:
6919:
6916:Leenco Lata,
6913:
6906:
6903:
6898:
6891:
6888:
6883:
6876:
6869:
6866:
6861:
6854:
6851:
6840:
6836:
6830:
6827:
6815:
6811:
6805:
6802:
6790:
6786:
6780:
6777:
6772:
6766:
6762:
6755:
6752:
6737:
6730:
6723:
6720:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6702:
6694:
6688:
6685:
6673:
6669:
6662:
6659:
6648:on 2021-02-05
6647:
6643:
6639:
6633:
6630:
6619:on 2019-11-19
6618:
6614:
6610:
6609:"mcit.gov.et"
6604:
6601:
6596:
6592:
6586:
6583:
6572:on 2016-08-25
6571:
6567:
6563:
6557:
6554:
6549:
6545:
6539:
6536:
6531:
6527:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6502:
6496:
6493:
6481:
6477:
6471:
6468:
6455:
6451:
6445:
6442:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6410:
6407:
6394:
6390:
6383:
6380:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6356:
6353:
6348:
6344:
6338:
6335:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6318:
6315:
6310:
6304:
6300:
6293:
6290:
6279:on 2020-12-15
6278:
6274:
6270:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6252:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6222:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6185:Eastern Oromo
6180:
6174:
6173:
6168:
6162:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6142:
6129:
6125:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6107:
6104:
6097:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6086:dhugamuudhaan
6081:
6075:
6069:
6063:
6057:
6051:
6045:
6039:
6033:
6027:
6021:
6015:
6009:
6003:
5997:
5991:
5985:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5967:
5964:
5958:
5952:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5928:
5927:frequentative
5924:
5919:
5916:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5893:
5889:
5884:
5878:
5872:
5862:
5856:
5850:
5844:
5838:
5832:
5826:
5820:
5814:
5810:). Examples:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5772:
5766:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5742:
5736:
5730:
5724:
5718:
5712:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5639:
5635:
5633:
5632:Passive voice
5630:
5629:
5628:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5577:
5571:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5548:
5544:
5539:
5533:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5479:
5473:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5453:
5447:
5441:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5406:
5403:
5397:
5391:
5385:
5379:
5373:
5367:
5361:
5355:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5330:
5324:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5237:
5231:
5225:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5184:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5009:
5007:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4850:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4773:hin beek(i)in
4770:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4634:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4597:
4595:
4589:
4587:
4577:
4575:
4574:'go (sg.)!'.
4572:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4452:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4380:
4378:
4372:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4325:
4320:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4261:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3671:Instrumental
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3640:
3635:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3607:
3600:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3477:
3471:'from market'
3469:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3440:
3439:mana bunaatii
3434:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3370:'from market'
3368:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:Finfinneedhaa
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3329:'from inside'
3327:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3275:jala, jalatti
3272:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2833:'linguistics'
2831:
2825:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2810:hojii Caaltuu
2805:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2641:'name (nom.)'
2639:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:'statement',
2568:
2564:
2563:
2562:is suffixed.
2561:
2559:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2346:citation form
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2145:
2144:barsiiso(o)ta
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2027:'mother' and
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1900:
1892:
1889:
1881:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1847:This section
1845:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1820:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1781:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1713:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1263:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1215:
1195:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1108:Arabic script
1104:
1101:
1097:
1096:Arabic script
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
977:
971:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
938:
934:
926:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
874:Oromia Region
871:
863:
861:
853:
850:
847:
844:
843:
842:
841:
840:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:Eastern Oromo
814:
811:
808:
807:
806:
805:
804:
802:
794:
787:
785:
783:
779:
775:
774:Amhara Region
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:Amhara Region
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
680:Oromia Region
677:
676:lingua franca
673:
669:
665:
662:and northern
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:
626:
599:
598:
589:
565:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
538:
532:
525:
520:
516:
512:
510:
509:
504:
501:
498: –
496:
491:
488: –
486:
481:
478: –
476:
471:
470:Eastern Oromo
468: –
466:
461:
458: –
456:
447:
443:
440:
435:
430:
425:
422:
417:
412:
407:
404:
399:
394:
389:
376:
368:
364:
352:
346:
341:
334:
331:
328:
327:
325:
321:
315:
303:
300:
299:
298:
295:
294:
293:
290:
289:
288:
285:
284:
283:
279:
275:
269:
265:
259:
256:
253:
249:
246:
243:
239:
236:
232:
228:
225:
221:
216:
187:
164:
162:Pronunciation
160:
156:
150:
145:
142:
141:Afaan Oromoo
138:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
9605:
9579:
9537:
9439:Macro-Somali
9429:Lowland East
9358:
9317:South Bauchi
9307:North Bauchi
9297:Bole–Tangale
9182:
9177:Proto-Berber
9175:
9168:
9110:
9081:
9054:
8954:
8911:
8817:Macro-Somali
8799:Lowland East
8678:
8421:Nilo-Saharan
8385:
8016:Nilo-Saharan
7817:
7657:Ethiosemitic
7627:
7491:
7482:
7463:
7453:
7444:
7426:
7417:
7409:Dictionaries
7389:
7370:
7351:
7331:
7321:
7312:
7292:
7282:
7260:
7241:
7222:
7213:
7194:
7181:Bibliography
7173:, p. 37
7171:Owens (1985)
7166:
7159:Owens (1985)
7154:
7149:, p. 35
7147:Owens (1985)
7142:
7137:, p. 29
7135:Owens (1985)
7130:
7121:
7102:
7090:
7078:. Retrieved
7074:the original
7069:
7060:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7005:. Retrieved
7001:the original
6991:
6973:
6962:. Retrieved
6958:the original
6953:
6944:
6925:
6917:
6911:
6905:
6896:
6890:
6881:
6868:
6859:
6853:
6842:. Retrieved
6838:
6829:
6817:. Retrieved
6813:
6804:
6792:. Retrieved
6788:
6779:
6760:
6754:
6743:. Retrieved
6722:
6713:
6704:
6687:
6677:February 14,
6675:. Retrieved
6672:The Guardian
6671:
6661:
6650:. Retrieved
6646:the original
6641:
6632:
6621:. Retrieved
6617:the original
6612:
6603:
6594:
6585:
6574:. Retrieved
6570:the original
6565:
6556:
6547:
6538:
6529:
6505:. Retrieved
6503:. Ethnologue
6495:
6483:. Retrieved
6479:
6470:
6458:. Retrieved
6453:
6444:
6419:
6415:
6409:
6397:. Retrieved
6392:
6382:
6365:
6361:
6355:
6346:
6337:
6326:
6317:
6298:
6292:
6281:. Retrieved
6277:the original
6272:
6242:
6224:
6206:
6188:
6170:
6152:
6144:
6132:. Retrieved
6127:
6117:
6106:
6077:'be drunk',
6053:'to reach',
6011:'to reach';
5999:'- 'reach',
5993:'to drink';
5978:
5974:
5970:
5968:
5920:
5891:
5887:
5874:'- 'go up',
5867:
5807:
5806:rather than
5803:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5777:nan barsiisa
5708:. Examples:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5676:'it is said'
5652:'be known',
5637:
5625:
5581:
5555:'he wants',
5546:
5542:
5528:
5513:'he hears',
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5407:
5381:) 'we see';
5348:
5340:
5337:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5186:'take out',
5176:
5172:
5168:
5157:'take out',
5147:
5143:
5139:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5011:
5003:
5001:
4701:
4662:Affirmative
4656:Affirmative
4650:Affirmative
4644:Affirmative
4636:Main clause
4607:
4599:
4591:
4583:
4581:
4558:'let's go',
4505:
4496:
4488:
4456:
4374:
4368:
4322:Oromo has a
4321:
4300:
4257:
4231:
4212:
3643:
3639:ganda kootti
3629:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3603:
3585:
3580:
3577:
3538:
3528:
3510:
3500:
3495:, and often
3486:
3450:
3405:
3397:'from Harar'
3378:
3337:
3291:
3227:
3223:
3169:
3093:
3085:
3077:Instrumental
3036:
3004:
2996:
2969:'to learn',
2922:
2914:
2879:
2875:
2847:
2839:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2682:
2661:
2620:
2612:
2599:
2591:
2555:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2505:'man (nom.)'
2484:
2481:assimilation
2472:
2432:of clauses.
2330:
2320:
2271:'the road',
2252:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2229:definiteness
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:Definiteness
2164:
2156:
2148:
2107:following a
2100:
2092:
2086:
2081:namoota shan
2055:
2035:
1972:
1964:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1909:
1884:
1875:
1860:Please help
1848:
1824:
1612:Approximants
1169:
1167:
1165:'highland'.
1132:
1117:
1105:
1088:Bakri Sapalo
1085:
1063:
1009:
981:
942:
933:Latin script
930:
917:Nilo-Saharan
906:
894:
867:
859:
838:
800:
799:
723:
699:South Africa
684:
668:Oromo people
643:
640:Afaan Oromoo
563:
562:
534:
506:
301:
292:Lowland East
282:Afro-Asiatic
155:Bakri Sapalo
140:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
9383:Ngeté-Herdé
9264:Biu–Mandara
9228:Mzab–Wargla
9223:East Zenati
7931:Hamer-Banna
6954:Jimma Times
6932:, p. 4
6613:mcit.gov.et
6273:Africa News
6134:22 February
5966:'massage'.
5880:'pick up',
5738:'pick up',
5670:'be said',
5600:. The verb
5567:'we want',
5549:are added:
5535:'want' and
5501:'- 'hear':
5449:'he dies',
5363:'he sees',
5111:'we enter'
5088:'we learn'
4987:haa beekanu
4926:hin beektan
4578:Conjugation
4549:akka deemnu
4540:'we went',
4487:'we came',
4431:Nominative
4340:wal jaalatu
4184:isaaniitiin
3682:adjectives
3573:conjugation
3551:with their
3442:'from cafe'
3309:'country',
3153:Afaan Oromo
2989:'for water'
2901:'the man',
2787:'the man',
2584:'the man',
2452:'(a) car',
2449:konkolaataa
2391:mana keessa
2289:'the man',
2141:'teacher',
2135:'friends',
2078:'five men'
2015:'son', and
1988:obboleettii
1985:'brother',
1282:Consonants
953:Aster Ganno
935:. In 1842,
833:, ISO code
770:Oromia Zone
768:and of the
766:Addis Ababa
742:Oromia Zone
549:instead of
9669:Categories
8544:Portuguese
8338:West Nyala
8220:Indigenous
7568:. Unicode.
7534:HornMorpho
7080:15 October
7007:15 October
6964:2013-08-10
6844:2013-08-10
6839:Ethnologue
6819:15 October
6814:Ethnologue
6794:15 October
6789:Ethnologue
6745:2022-06-08
6652:2020-06-15
6642:moh.gov.et
6623:2019-11-04
6576:2016-08-22
6566:Ethnologue
6548:Ethnologue
6526:"Ethiopia"
6399:12 October
6364:(Review).
6283:2021-01-22
6244:Ethnologue
6226:Ethnologue
6208:Ethnologue
6190:Ethnologue
6172:Ethnologue
6154:Ethnologue
6098:References
5963:dhiddhiib-
5915:deebifadh-
5786:The Oromo
5780:'I teach'.
5756:'put in',
5622:Derivation
5437:'- 'die':
5345:metathesis
5326:'finish',
5233:'we buy';
4994:hin beekin
4973:hin beekan
4907:you (pl.)
4900:haa beeknu
4886:hin beeknu
4860:haa beektu
4846:hin beektu
4820:hin beekin
4752:hin beektu
4733:you (sg.)
4726:hin beekin
4712:hin beekne
4682:hin beekne
4566:imperative
4561:hin deemnu
4555:haa deemnu
4514:, for the
4313:'myself',
4198:isaanirraa
4138:keessan(i)
4091:you (pl.)
3864:isaa(tii)f
3772:you (sg.)
3680:Possessive
3537:; English
3509:; English
3465:'market',
3433:mana bunaa
3430:'coffee',
3364:'market',
3242:'in Arsii'
3205:bawuudhaan
3191:yeroodhaan
3162:'in Oromo'
3132:'at night'
3029:'to a dog'
2986:bishaaniif
2961:'to a dog'
2884:infinitive
2781:'sister',
2778:obboleetti
2697:'mother',
2440:(a name),
2424:Nominative
2363:mana binne
2340:Absolutive
2307:'priest',
2195:'rivers',
2180:waggaawwan
2129:'friend',
2123:'houses',
2072:'people',
2009:'father',
2000:hiyyeettii
1991:'sister',
1982:obboleessa
1501:Fricatives
1329:Affricates
1175:qopphaa'uu
1147:Gemination
919:-speaking
911:-speaking
801:Ethnologue
80:newspapers
9608:indicate
9555:Northwest
9468:Saho–Afar
9113:indicate
9021:Saho–Afar
8907:Daasanach
8872:Maay Maay
8366:Daasanach
8303:Mijikenda
8222:languages
8089:Nyangatom
8034:Daatsʼiin
7986:Shekkacho
7783:Daasanach
7649:languages
7052:162289324
6544:"Amharic"
6071:'drink',
5987:'drink',
5948:'break',
5909:deebifam-
5774:'teach',
5768:'learn',
5750:'enter',
5723:beeksifne
5655:beekamani
5582:The verb
5576:hin feene
5522:dhageenya
5516:dhageessa
5387:'laugh',
5268:'bring',
5245:'we eat'
4813:haa beeku
4799:hin beeku
4719:haa beeku
4696:hin beeku
4665:Negative
4659:Negative
4653:Negative
4647:Negative
4546:'we go',
4316:mataa kee
4310:mataa koo
4191:isaanitti
4177:isaanitti
4131:isinirraa
3979:ishiirraa
3677:Ablative
3674:Locative
3513:, Oromo '
3424:'house',
3412:is added.
3367:gabaadhaa
3270:'per day'
3267:guyyaatti
3256:'in hand'
3194:'on time'
3129:halkaniin
3126:'night',
2983:'water',
2735:'earth',
2458:'he has':
2408:'teacher'
2405:barsiisaa
2374:'until',
2360:'house',
2316:qallittii
2310:qaallicha
2255:-(t)ittii
2249:geminated
2231:(English
2189:'river',
2183:'years',
2138:barsiisaa
2132:hiriyoota
2117:'house',
2075:nama shan
1971:(m.) and
1878:July 2021
1849:does not
1506:voiceless
1476:implosive
1334:voiceless
1300:Retroflex
1250:and even
1151:consonant
945:Abyssinia
788:Varieties
758:Dire Dawa
738:Dire Dawa
658:state of
656:Ethiopian
638:; Oromo:
508:Glottolog
439:ISO 639-3
421:ISO 639-2
403:ISO 639-1
251:Ethnicity
110:July 2021
9647:Language
9635:Ethiopia
9581:Egyptian
9434:Omo–Tana
9406:Cushitic
9208:Northern
8860:Rendille
8808:Omo–Tana
8779:Kambaata
8729:Gollango
8693:Xamtanga
8549:Japanese
8429:Kipsigis
8391:Rendille
8348:Cushitic
7996:Wolaitta
7876:Bambassi
7848:Xamtanga
7803:Kambaata
7735:Cushitic
7720:Tigrinya
7647:Regional
7638:Tigrinya
7537:Archived
7281:(1922).
6930:Stroomer
6736:Archived
6080:dhugamuu
5855:hojjadh-
5840:'have',
5771:barsiis-
5759:galchiti
5717:beeksis-
5714:'know',
5646:'know',
5490:beelofna
5484:beelofta
5461:'we die'
5300:taphatta
5297:'play',
5294:taphadh-
5236:nyaadhaa
4933:beektani
4912:beektani
4704:-n beeku
4689:-n beeka
4675:-n beeke
4628:Present
4526:negative
4399:Proximal
4244:'mine',
4205:(i)saani
4171:isaaniif
4124:isinitti
3971:ishiitti
3955:ishiitti
3877:isaatiin
3665:Subject
3659:English
3557:suffixes
3553:subjects
3541:, Oromo
3531:, Oromo
3525:pronouns
3503:, Oromo
3478:Pronouns
3436:'cafe',
3286:Ablative
3253:harkatti
3250:'hand',
3239:Arsiitti
3218:Locative
3188:'time',
3112:'hand',
2944:intalaaf
2904:namichaa
2748:Genitive
2652:nyachuun
2635:'name',
2522:namoonni
2516:namootni
2430:subjects
2298:harittii
2295:'lake',
2286:namticha
2265:'road',
2239:-(t)icha
2217:articles
2207:'sons'.
2177:'year',
2109:syllable
2089:suffixes
1994:dureessa
1427:ejective
1324:Plosives
1307:alveolar
1295:Alveolar
1139:'lake',
1094:and the
970:Bariisaa
915:and the
913:Bambassi
870:Ethiopia
864:Speakers
780:. Under
778:Tigrinya
726:Ethiopia
652:Cushitic
555:Help:IPA
515:nucl1736
363:Ethiopia
287:Cushitic
227:Ethiopia
18:Oromiffa
9659:Society
9621:Portals
9606:Italics
9550:Central
9530:Semitic
9463:Oromoid
9456:Western
9274:Kujargé
9242:Western
9203:Eastern
9111:Italics
9083:Kwʼadza
9067:Burunge
8986:Dirasha
8974:Konsoid
8933:Oromoid
8913:El Molo
8894:Western
8840:Girirra
8830:Dabarre
8774:Hadiyya
8732:Gorrose
8726:Gergere
8716:Gawwada
8559:Russian
8539:Chinese
8519:Italian
8509:Spanish
8504:Punjabi
8494:English
8474:Turkana
8464:Samburu
8376:El Molo
8298:Marachi
8211:Swahili
8206:English
8129:English
7956:Koorete
7881:Basketo
7871:Anfillo
7798:Hadiyya
7788:Dirasha
7670:Argobba
7665:Amharic
7623:Amharic
7186:Grammar
6693:"Oromo"
6562:"Oromo"
6485:14 July
6460:14 July
6343:"Oromo"
6323:"Oromo"
6124:"Oromo"
6074:dhugam-
6017:'say',
5951:caccab-
5939:bubbul-
5925:is the
5903:deebis-
5883:kaasis-
5864:'work'.
5849:qabanna
5843:qabadh-
5831:bitadhu
5819:bitadh-
5816:'buy',
5673:jedhama
5667:jedham-
5664:'say',
5649:beekam-
5597:koottaa
5402:kofalte
5396:kolfite
5378:agar-na
5357:'see',
5242:nyaanna
5239:'eat',
5227:'buy',
4980:beekani
4959:beekani
4516:jussive
4479:subject
4463:lexical
4384:sanatti
4247:kan kee
4241:kan koo
4223:Turkish
4219:Russian
4165:isaanii
4117:isiniin
3993:(i)shii
3982:, etc.
3974:, etc.
3966:, etc.
3958:, etc.
3938:, etc.
3891:isarraa
3668:Dative
3544:kan koo
3394:Hararii
3326:keessaa
3278:'under'
3264:'day',
3115:harkaan
3052:Caaltuu
3023:'dog';
2980:bishaan
2955:'dog',
2898:namicha
2846:(m.) /
2818:barumsa
2804:Caaltuu
2801:'job',
2784:namicha
2646:nyachuu
2587:namichi
2581:namicha
2513:'men';
2510:namoota
2499:'man',
2380:'end',
2304:qaalluu
2280:namicha
2277:'man',
2268:karicha
2201:'son',
2192:laggeen
2151:-(w)wan
2126:hiriyaa
2120:manoota
2069:namoota
2042:'sun',
1975:-eettii
1870:removed
1855:sources
1830:Grammar
1685:Central
1317:Glottal
1305:Palato-
1159:'bad',
1145:'new'.
1100:Abugida
1068:called
951:'s and
898:Swahili
878:Somalia
772:in the
744:in the
691:Amharic
551:Unicode
297:Oromoid
235:Somalia
94:scholar
9594:Ongota
9587:Coptic
9573:Others
9498:Dizoid
9485:Omotic
9419:Dullay
9360:Zumaya
9252:Chadic
9237:Tuareg
9218:Zenati
9195:Berber
9093:Others
9072:Gorowa
9062:Alagwa
9016:Dahalo
9004:Others
8902:Arbore
8877:Somali
8845:Jiiddu
8789:Sidama
8784:Libido
8741:Tsamai
8720:Dihina
8711:Dobase
8703:Dullay
8674:Qimant
8564:Danish
8554:Romani
8534:Arabic
8529:Hebrew
8514:German
8499:French
8459:Pökoot
8454:Omotik
8444:Naandi
8439:Maasai
8396:Somali
8371:Dahalo
8318:Pokomo
8288:Logoli
8278:Kikuyu
8263:Ilwana
8238:Bajuni
8134:Arabic
8064:Majang
7858:Omotic
7843:Tsamai
7838:Somali
7833:Sidamo
7823:Qimant
7813:Libido
7758:Arbore
7710:Siltʼe
7695:Mesqan
7685:Harari
7680:Gurage
7633:Somali
7470:
7433:
7396:
7377:
7358:
7339:
7300:
7267:
7248:
7229:
7201:
7050:
7044:616613
7042:
6767:
6507:29 May
6480:MustGo
6436:723182
6434:
6305:
6038:fechuu
6032:fedhuu
5990:dhuguu
5957:dhiib-
5923:aspect
5825:bitate
5753:galch-
5615:deemaa
5591:koottu
5375:(from
5372:agarra
5366:argina
5189:baafna
5160:baafta
5131:dhaqxa
5062:dhugda
4940:beekaa
4893:beeknu
4879:beekna
4872:beekne
4853:beektu
4839:beekti
4832:beekte
4759:beektu
4745:beekta
4738:beekte
4568:form:
4543:deemna
4537:deemne
4484:dhufne
4475:aspect
4467:suffix
4404:Distal
4238:'of':
4221:, and
4215:French
4158:isaani
4083:keenya
4077:keenna
4070:nurraa
3987:(i)sii
3963:ishiin
3949:ishiif
3898:(i)saa
3884:isatti
3870:isatti
3824:sirraa
3751:narraa
3599:dhufne
3565:aspect
3516:isaani
3497:gender
3493:number
3489:person
3320:keessa
3312:biyyaa
3261:guyyaa
3172:-dhaan
3123:halkan
3007:-dhaaf
2972:baruuf
2958:sareef
2938:intala
2870:Dative
2694:haadha
2638:maqaan
2443:Ibsaan
2402:'he',
2204:ilmaan
2174:waggaa
2167:-(a)an
2163:, and
2066:'man'
2058:number
2052:Number
2030:intala
2024:haadha
2018:sangaa
1967:-eessa
1906:Gender
1671:Vowels
1647:Rhotic
1577:Nasals
1546:voiced
1384:voiced
1290:Labial
1162:baddaa
1142:haaraa
1077:Borana
943:After
909:Omotic
900:, and
886:Borana
754:Harari
750:Oromia
734:Harari
730:Oromia
660:Oromia
597:-əm-ow
385:
360:
245:Oromia
241:Region
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
9562:South
9518:Ometo
9513:Gonga
9508:North
9493:Aroid
9475:South
9378:Mesme
9371:South
9354:Musey
9349:Massa
9344:Marba
9337:North
9287:Angas
9213:Atlas
9077:Iraqw
9056:Aasáx
9047:South
8991:Konso
8981:Bussa
8965:Waata
8955:Oromo
8919:Yaaku
8884:Tunni
8835:Garre
8825:Baiso
8769:Gedeo
8764:Burji
8759:Alaba
8735:Harso
8686:Qwara
8680:Kayla
8669:Bilen
8664:Awngi
8606:Engsh
8601:Sheng
8569:Dutch
8524:Hindi
8469:Tugen
8449:Ogiek
8411:Yaaku
8406:Waata
8386:Oromo
8361:Burji
8356:Aweer
8333:Taita
8323:Samia
8313:Nyole
8293:Luhya
8283:Kuria
8273:Khayo
8268:Kamba
8253:Gusii
8230:Bantu
8099:Shabo
8094:Opuuo
8079:Mursi
8074:Murle
8069:Meʼen
8059:Kwegu
8054:Kwama
8039:Gumuz
8029:Berta
8024:Anuak
8001:Yemsa
7991:Sheko
7961:Maale
7926:Gayil
7921:Ganza
7911:Dorze
7896:Chara
7886:Bench
7818:Oromo
7808:Konso
7793:Gedeo
7778:Burji
7773:Bussa
7768:Baiso
7763:Awngi
7748:Alaba
7715:Soddo
7700:Muher
7675:Geʽez
7628:Oromo
7566:(PDF)
7048:S2CID
7040:JSTOR
6878:(PDF)
6739:(PDF)
6732:(PDF)
6696:(PDF)
6432:JSTOR
6366:XXIII
6239:Waata
6149:Oromo
6093:Notes
6068:dhug-
6026:fedh-
6020:jechu
6014:jedh-
5984:dhug-
5897:deebi
5877:kaas-
5861:hojii
5741:kaasi
5735:kaas-
5711:beek-
5694:-siis
5692:, or
5661:jedh-
5643:beek-
5609:deemi
5603:deem-
5585:dhuf-
5570:feetu
5564:feena
5558:feeta
5552:fedha
5538:godh-
5532:fedh-
5504:dhaga
5498:dhaga
5472:beela
5466:beela
5458:duuna
5452:duuta
5416:, or
5390:kolfe
5384:kolf-
5329:fixxa
5271:fidda
5230:binna
5183:baas-
5154:baas-
5108:galla
5085:barra
5039:qabda
4954:they
4806:beeku
4792:beeka
4785:beeke
4766:beeki
4625:Past
4586:beek-
4571:deemi
4491:dhuf-
4471:tense
4453:Verbs
4411:Base
4396:Case
4334:of/if
4304:mataa
4271:if(i)
4265:of(i)
4151:isaan
4146:they
4103:isini
4063:nutti
4049:nutti
3943:ishii
3935:isiin
3928:ishee
3916:ishii
3817:sitti
3803:sitti
3764:kiyya
3744:natti
3730:natti
3662:Base
3561:tense
3549:agree
3462:gabaa
3453:irraa
3361:gabaa
3340:-dhaa
3306:biyya
3247:harka
3199:bawuu
3185:yeroo
3141:-tiin
3109:harka
3020:saree
2999:-dhaa
2966:baruu
2952:saree
2824:afaan
2798:hojii
2738:lafti
2700:haati
2673:afaan
2632:maqaa
2602:-icha
2502:namni
2437:Ibsaa
2377:dhuma
2371:hamma
2292:haroo
2262:karaa
2095:-oota
2045:urjii
2006:Abbaa
1901:Nouns
1697:Close
1680:Front
1312:Velar
1196:]
1192:[
1184:/pvz/
1156:badaa
1092:Ge'ez
1081:Waata
1071:Qubee
1022:Kenya
976:Urjii
957:Bible
921:Kwama
902:Hausa
882:Kenya
831:Waata
711:Sudan
707:Egypt
703:Libya
695:Kenya
664:Kenya
644:Galla
564:Oromo
500:Waata
388:Kenya
330:Latin
302:Oromo
255:Oromo
231:Kenya
135:Oromo
101:JSTOR
87:books
9545:West
9539:East
9414:Agaw
9388:Peve
9329:Masa
9292:Bade
9282:West
9269:East
9100:Beja
9031:Saho
9026:Afar
9011:Boon
8950:Orma
8855:Boni
8723:Gaba
8656:Agaw
8381:Orma
8328:Suba
8308:Meru
8248:Embu
8243:Digo
8109:Uduk
8104:Suri
8084:Nuer
8049:Komo
7981:Seze
7976:Oyda
7971:Nayi
7966:Melo
7951:Karo
7946:Kafa
7936:Hozo
7906:Dizi
7901:Dime
7891:Boro
7866:Aari
7828:Saho
7743:Afar
7690:Inor
7618:Afar
7468:ISBN
7431:ISBN
7394:ISBN
7375:ISBN
7356:ISBN
7337:ISBN
7298:ISBN
7265:ISBN
7246:ISBN
7227:ISBN
7199:ISBN
7113:help
7082:2010
7009:2010
6936:help
6821:2010
6796:2010
6765:ISBN
6679:2016
6509:2024
6487:2021
6462:2021
6401:2022
6303:ISBN
6203:Orma
6136:2024
5945:cab-
5933:bul-
5837:qab-
5813:bit-
5792:-adh
5765:bar-
5747:gal-
5700:add
5690:-sis
5424:and
5360:arga
5354:arg-
5323:fix-
5265:fid-
5224:biti
4827:she
4477:and
4459:stem
4444:suni
4436:kuni
4416:kana
4096:isin
4056:nuun
4043:nuuf
4018:nu'i
4012:nuti
3922:isee
3910:isii
3905:she
3858:isaa
3851:inni
3810:siin
3797:siif
3737:naan
3724:naaf
3646:-tti
3569:mood
3539:mine
3523:and
3511:they
3427:buna
3421:mana
3408:-tii
3292:from
3230:-tti
3096:-iin
3058:himi
3039:-tti
2925:-iif
2732:lafa
2573:ibsi
2567:ibsa
2496:nama
2455:qaba
2399:inni
2357:mana
2327:Case
2274:nama
2225:some
2198:ilma
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