803:
812:
839:
848:
857:
821:
830:
46:
362:
with free segments that are entire or unequally bifid. Its dull-cream to reddish purple corolla (petals) is 10–22 mm (0.39–0.87 in). They are almost hairless and upright spreading to more or less patent. Filaments (stalks of the stamen) are inserted 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) above the base of the corolla. They are usually hairless but rarely somewhat hairy below. Fruit are 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) capsules.
33:
420:
its ivy host. The connection made with the host can be so complete that its nearly impossible to tell with certainty where the epidermis of the host ends and where that of the parasite begins. In order for a seed to survive, this connection must occur within a few days of germination. Only once enough energy has been garnered will the plant send up a flower stock and be visible above ground.
361:
Its yellowish to purplish stems are usually strongly swollen at the base and 15–60 cm (5.9–23.6 in) by 0.3–0.8 cm (0.12–0.31 in). They are covered in short soft glandular hairs. Leaves are acute and oblong to lance-shaped. Its calyx (sepals) are 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in)
419:
When germination occurs, the embryo of the seed sends out a thin thread-like filament that spirals away from the embryo and into the surround soils until it makes contacts with ivy roots. The filament then penetrates xylem tissues which allows it to receive water, nutrients, and carbohydrates from
430:
was shown to flower in a single year. In
Mediterranean climates it flowers from late April to mid July. In the UK, flowers are generally observed in June and July, June–August in the Netherlands, and in Ireland flowering generally occurs March–July. Flowering can vary widely and some sources even
783:, can be eaten raw or cooked like asparagus and also stated that cooking the plant with pulses makes the pulses cook faster. While Dioscorides doesn't include medicinal information in his description, Russian and Northern folklore both describe the plant as highly medicinal.
439:
Its native distribution matches that of its host, ivy, so it is mainly found in central and
Northern Europe as well as parts of Asia. In the US, it has been observed in a patch of invasive ivy at the University of California, Berkeley, near the life sciences building.
415:
It primarily propagates by seeds which are dispersed by wind, but is also able to regenerate from small fragments of roots that remain in the soil. Many broomrape seeds show considerable abilities to remain dormant but viable for many years.
423:
Pollen units are medium sized (26-50 μm) spheroidal monads. Flowering can take 2 years after infection to occur. However flowering is influenced by or coordinated with their host. Ivy broomrape sown onto an alien host like
790:
shows that while broomrapes were used as food and medicine throughout regions of the world, this usage mainly happened in China and North
America. While in Europe, they were primarily used as food items only.
213:. It grows to 60 cm (2 ft), with stems in shades of brown and purple, sometimes yellow. The flowers are 10–22 mm (0.4–0.9 in) long, cream in colour with reddish-purple veins.
1812:
802:
399:
exhibits very high host specificity based on germination measurements in response to kinds of strigolactone typical of various possible host plants.
1721:
1786:
1734:
1884:
1452:
811:
892:
1708:
1136:
1961:
919:
911:
1760:
1863:
1791:
1799:
1564:
224:
is derived from Greek, and means 'bitter vetch strangler' or 'legume strangler'. This name originates from the species
1773:
1219:
1897:
1325:
1046:
45:
1817:
838:
387:, but, rarely, other species as well. It contains no chlorophyll of its own and seed germination is dependent on
1956:
658:
226:
1902:
1352:
1661:
1592:
1559:
1473:
856:
847:
820:
747:
1630:
1183:
1739:
1192:
162:
1384:
676:
1682:
776:
703:
178:
1006:"megabyte_data: Multilingual European Flora Dictionary: Plant names listing for Orobanche hederae"
829:
1951:
1923:
1889:
1264:
756:
540:
40:
1838:
1669:
1540:
1501:
915:
907:
888:
617:
557:
1843:
1573:
1532:
1493:
1366:
1273:
1238:
1197:
1005:
1825:
1357:
506:
392:
83:
1876:
1296:
1871:
1519:
Schneeweiss; Colwell; Park; Jang; Stuessy (February 2004). "Phylogeny of holoparasitic
1370:
1201:
70:
1536:
1404:
1945:
1277:
388:
129:
939:
1928:
1674:
1169:
Broomrapes of
Britain and Ireland: A Field Guide to the Holoparasitic Orobanchaceae
383:
1641:
32:
1804:
1747:
1624:
1497:
880:
488:
404:
206:
1853:
1577:
1428:
1242:
426:
402:
It is one of two parasitic plants associated with common ivy; the other being
1713:
1615:
887:(3rd ed.), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 660–663,
1778:
1695:
737:
201:
139:
1915:
1544:
1505:
906:
Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge
University Press.
1651:
1560:"The genus Orobanche as food and medicine: An ethnopharmacological review"
1453:"Plantas: Beleza e Diversidade: Erva-toira-das-herbas (Orobanche hederae)"
1353:"ON THE ANATOMY OF OROBANCHE HEDERAE DUBY, AND ITS ATTACHMENT TO THE HOST"
1910:
1609:
119:
109:
96:
1830:
1726:
1260:
764:
391:
root exudates of the host. Unlike more weedy species of broomrape like
1752:
374:
210:
1586:
969:
1137:"Wildflower Broomrape, Ivy Irish Wild Flora Wildflowers of Ireland"
1765:
1700:
1109:
197:
57:
1558:
Shi; Zhang; Gong; Yang; Ji; Jiang; Leonti; Yao; Li (2020-12-05).
1687:
1590:
1472:
Manen; Habashi; Jeanmonod; Park; Schneeweiss (November 2004).
745:
species. Phylogenetic studies suggest the amethyst broomrape (
1474:"Phylogeny and intraspecific variability of holoparasitic
431:
cite its flowering months to range from April to
October.
1213:
1211:
735:
is usually included in the "Orobanche" section of genus
365:
Its fruiting spikes contain thousands of minute seeds.
1523:(Orobanchaceae) inferred from nuclear ITS sequences".
1218:
Ferna´ndez-Aparicio; Yoneyama; Rubiales (2010-12-08).
1131:
1129:
1047:"Klimopbremraap (Orobanche hederae) - Plant(en)namen"
1599:
1220:"The role of strigolactones in host specificity of
408:. However, osyris has a very wide host range while
209:, and thus totally dependent on its host, which is
1297:"Ivy Broomrape Plant Information - Wildflower Web"
1385:"Oxford University Plants 400: Orobanche species"
1291:
1289:
1287:
741:, which contains about 120 species not counting
234:means 'of ivy', in reference to its host plant,
1254:
1252:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1110:"Orobanche hederae (ORAHE) [Overview]"
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
934:
932:
930:
928:
786:A review of literature of traditional use of
8:
1587:
31:
20:
964:
962:
960:
373:Ivy broomrape is an obligate parasite of
875:
873:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
940:"Orobanche hederae species description"
869:
798:
1478:(Orobanchaceae) inferred from plastid
1188:Physiology: Pigments and CO2 Fixation"
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
230:, which parasitizes legumes. The name
1525:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1486:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1167:Chris Thorogood; Fred Rumsey (2021).
7:
1433:Wilde planten in Nederland en België
1429:"Klimopbremraap - Orobanche hederae"
1182:Baccarini; Melandri (January 1967).
650:
643:
532:
480:
473:
466:
459:
452:
1371:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1925.tb06671.x
1202:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1967.tb07159.x
14:
1409:PalDat - A palynological database
1326:"A peculiar parasite at Berkeley"
1903:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:662398-1
1278:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01021.x
855:
846:
837:
828:
819:
810:
801:
196:, is, like other members of the
44:
885:New Flora of the British Isles
381:) plants, primarily affecting
241:Its common name in English is
1:
1537:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00210-0
779:wrote that the plant, called
412:s range is extremely narrow.
1565:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
205:, a parasitic plant without
1498:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.010
751:) is its closest relative.
1978:
16:Species of flowering plant
1578:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113154
1243:10.1017/S0960258510000371
922:(paperback). pp 193, 284
700:
673:
655:
648:
641:
614:
590:
554:
537:
530:
503:
485:
478:
471:
464:
457:
168:
161:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1962:Plants described in 1828
763:) which is in the order
227:Orobanche rapum-genistae
1141:Wildflowers of Ireland
755:primarily parasitizes
680:— germander broomrape
331:jopo espárrago de lobo
1235:Seed Science Research
1193:Physiologia Plantarum
662:— bedstraw broomrape
621:— knapweed broomrape
295:succiamele dell'edera
1330:In Defense of Plants
1114:EPPO Global Database
775:The Greek physician
299:bergflette-snylterot
245:. It is also called
1405:"Orobanche hederae"
970:"Orobanche hederae"
707:— yellow broomrape
510:— lesser broomrape
351:gorfanhadlen eiddew
267:orobanche du lierre
259:vedbend-gyvelkvæler
1265:Journal of Ecology
761:Eryngium campestre
319:pojalnik bršljanov
303:erva-toira da hera
283:borostyán-vajvirág
271:klimmerblêdfretter
1939:
1938:
1854:Orobanche_hederae
1839:Open Tree of Life
1631:Orobanche hederae
1601:Orobanche hederae
1593:Taxon identifiers
1261:"Hedera helix L."
1259:Metcalfe (2005).
1228:seed germination"
1186:Orobanche hederae
894:978-0-521-70772-5
730:
729:
725:
724:
716:
715:
689:
688:
659:O. caryophyllacea
630:
629:
603:
602:
579:
578:
570:
569:
561:— bean broomrape
519:
518:
327:jopo de la hiedra
323:espárrago de lobo
315:záraza brečtanová
311:заразиха плющевая
255:záraza břečťanová
251:bršljanov volovod
189:Orobanche hederae
185:
184:
172:Orobanche hederae
25:Orobanche hederae
1969:
1932:
1931:
1919:
1918:
1906:
1905:
1893:
1892:
1880:
1879:
1867:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1834:
1833:
1821:
1820:
1808:
1807:
1805:NBNSYS0000004180
1795:
1794:
1782:
1781:
1769:
1768:
1756:
1755:
1743:
1742:
1730:
1729:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1703:
1691:
1690:
1678:
1677:
1665:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1322:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1293:
1282:
1281:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1232:
1215:
1206:
1205:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1106:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1043:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1002:
985:
984:
982:
980:
966:
955:
954:
952:
950:
936:
923:
904:
898:
897:
877:
859:
850:
841:
832:
823:
814:
805:
651:
644:
533:
481:
474:
467:
460:
453:
448:
447:
393:common broomrape
345:in Turkish, and
339:murgrönssnyltrot
247:frare de l'heura
174:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1957:Flora of Europe
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1837:
1829:
1826:Observation.org
1824:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1790:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1764:
1759:
1751:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1712:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1686:
1681:
1673:
1668:
1660:
1658:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1595:
1585:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1358:New Phytologist
1350:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1332:. 30 April 2017
1324:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1303:
1301:Wild Flower Web
1295:
1294:
1285:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1165:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1118:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1023:
1014:
1012:
1004:
1003:
988:
978:
976:
968:
967:
958:
948:
946:
938:
937:
926:
905:
901:
895:
879:
878:
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867:
860:
851:
842:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
773:
726:
717:
690:
631:
604:
580:
571:
520:
446:
437:
371:
359:
309:in Portuguese,
279:efeu-sommerwurz
219:
181:
176:
170:
157:
154:O. hederae
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1975:
1973:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1929:wfo-0000387777
1920:
1907:
1894:
1881:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1835:
1822:
1809:
1796:
1783:
1770:
1757:
1744:
1731:
1718:
1705:
1692:
1679:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1636:
1621:
1605:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1550:
1531:(2): 465–478.
1511:
1492:(2): 482–500.
1464:
1444:
1420:
1396:
1376:
1365:(5): 284–293.
1343:
1312:
1283:
1272:(3): 632–648.
1248:
1207:
1174:
1152:
1125:
1062:
1051:plant(en)namen
1021:
986:
956:
924:
899:
893:
868:
866:
863:
862:
861:
854:
852:
845:
843:
836:
834:
827:
825:
818:
816:
809:
807:
800:
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793:
772:
769:
728:
727:
723:
722:
719:
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713:
710:
709:
699:
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531:
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521:
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484:
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470:
465:
463:
458:
456:
451:
445:
442:
436:
433:
370:
367:
358:
355:
347:gorfanc eiddew
343:tez canavarotu
301:in Norwegian,
285:in Hungarian,
263:klimopbremraap
218:
215:
183:
182:
177:
166:
165:
159:
158:
151:
149:
145:
144:
137:
133:
132:
127:
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117:
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107:
100:
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94:
87:
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81:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1974:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
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1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
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1762:
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1663:
1657:
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1626:
1622:
1617:
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1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
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1571:
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1561:
1554:
1551:
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1542:
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1526:
1522:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1465:
1454:
1448:
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1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1351:Tate (1925).
1347:
1344:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1302:
1298:
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1111:
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1048:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1011:
1010:megabyte_data
1007:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
987:
975:
971:
965:
963:
961:
957:
945:
941:
935:
933:
931:
929:
925:
921:
920:9780521685535
917:
913:
912:9780521866453
909:
903:
900:
896:
890:
886:
882:
876:
874:
870:
864:
858:
853:
849:
844:
840:
835:
831:
826:
822:
817:
813:
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766:
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753:O. amethystea
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749:
748:O. amethystea
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252:
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194:ivy broomrape
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163:Binomial name
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130:Orobanchaceae
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1489:
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1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1447:
1436:. Retrieved
1432:
1423:
1412:. Retrieved
1408:
1399:
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1379:
1362:
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1334:. Retrieved
1329:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:
1269:
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1225:
1221:
1191:
1185:
1184:"Studies on
1177:
1168:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:
1054:. Retrieved
1050:
1013:. Retrieved
1009:
977:. Retrieved
973:
947:. Retrieved
944:Cretan Flora
943:
914:(hardback),
902:
884:
881:Stace, Clive
787:
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780:
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757:field eryngo
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396:
382:
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364:
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346:
342:
341:in Swedish,
338:
337:in Spanish,
335:matalegumbre
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:in Slovene,
318:
314:
313:in Russian,
310:
306:
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298:
297:in Italian,
294:
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103:
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
1877:kew-2395692
1748:iNaturalist
1625:Wikispecies
1226:Phelipanche
777:Dioscorides
743:Phelipanche
541:O. picridis
489:Phelipanche
410:O. hederae'
405:Osyris alba
384:English ivy
357:Description
317:in Slovak,
291:múchóg mhór
281:in German,
269:in French,
261:in Danish,
207:chlorophyll
84:Angiosperms
1946:Categories
1872:Plant List
1659:Calflora:
1482:sequences"
1458:2024-01-16
1438:2024-01-17
1414:2024-01-31
1390:2024-01-16
1306:2024-01-16
1146:2024-01-16
1119:2024-01-31
1056:2024-01-16
1015:2024-01-16
865:References
733:O. hederae
677:O. teucrii
618:O. elatior
593:O. hederae
558:O. crenata
427:Tetrapanax
397:O. hederae
353:in Welsh.
307:erva-toira
293:in Irish,
275:efeuwürger
273:in Frysk,
265:in Dutch,
257:in Czech,
1952:Orobanche
1521:Orobanche
1476:Orobanche
1222:Orobanche
788:Orobanche
738:Orobanche
444:Phylogeny
222:Orobanche
217:Etymology
202:Orobanche
148:Species:
141:Orobanche
54:Kingdom:
1916:23600023
1911:Tropicos
1851:PalDat:
1766:662398-1
1649:BioLib:
1610:Wikidata
1545:14715236
1506:15336681
1336:10 March
979:10 March
949:10 March
883:(2010),
781:ὀροβάγχη
704:O. lutea
507:O. minor
126:Family:
120:Lamiales
110:Asterids
97:Eudicots
1727:3733128
1688:5657355
1616:Q159238
974:EcoPort
795:Gallery
765:Apiales
369:Ecology
232:hederae
136:Genus:
116:Order:
58:Plantae
1885:PLANTS
1844:404883
1792:834165
1779:116001
1740:451092
1714:176288
1652:215613
1642:149487
1639:APDB:
1543:
1504:
918:
910:
891:
379:Hedera
287:múchóg
236:Hedera
192:, the
1890:ORHE3
1861:PFI:
1818:79235
1753:61977
1709:EUNIS
1701:ORAHE
1675:6SW4J
1231:(PDF)
333:, or
198:genus
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
1898:POWO
1864:5043
1831:2657
1813:NCBI
1787:ITIS
1761:IPNI
1735:GRIN
1722:GBIF
1696:EPPO
1662:8661
1541:PMID
1502:PMID
1480:rbcL
1338:2021
1224:and
981:2021
951:2021
916:ISBN
908:ISBN
889:ISBN
771:Uses
277:and
179:Duby
1924:WFO
1800:NBN
1774:ISC
1683:EoL
1670:CoL
1574:doi
1570:263
1533:doi
1494:doi
1367:doi
1274:doi
1239:doi
1198:doi
375:ivy
349:or
305:or
289:or
211:ivy
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377:(
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