474:
Wall
Ornaments and Their Patrons." Instead of studying ornamental objects in isolation, Powers argues that, if the information is provided, objects must be approached in their original context. This information might include the location where the work was found, other objects located or found nearby, or who the patron was who might have commissioned the work. Jessica Powers' chapter primarily discusses the Casa Degli Amorini Dorati in Pompeii, where 18 wall ornaments were found, the most of any Pompeiian home. Interior wall ornament in a Pompeian home would typically divide the wall into three or more sections under which there would be a dado taking up roughly one-sixth of the height of the wall. The wall sections would be divided by broad pilasters connected by a frieze which bands across the top of the wall. The ornament found at the Casa Degli Amorini Dorati in Pompeii reflected this standard style and included objects that had clearly been reused, and rare and imported objects. Several of the panels on the walls of the Casa Degli Amorini Dorati were removed during archeological work in the 1970s, revealing that the panels had been stuck on different walls before the one on which they were found. Jessica Powers argues that these panels illustrate the home owner and correlating patrons' willingness to utilize damaged or secondhand materials in their own home. Moreover, the materials used in the decorative wall panels were identified as being from the Greek East or Egypt, not from Pompeii. This points to the elaborate trade routes that flourished across the Roman Empire, and that home owners were interested in using materials from outside of Pompeii to embellish their homes.
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27:
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844:, conceived of as the elimination of ornament in favor of purely functional structures, left architects the problem of how to properly adorn modern structures. There were two available routes from this perceived crisis. One was to attempt to devise an ornamental vocabulary that was new and essentially contemporary. This was the route taken by architects like
478:
include surface-modeling, where ornamental styles are applied onto a surface. This was a common ornamental style with marble surfaces. One common ornamental style was the use of acanthus leaf, a motif adopted from the Greeks. The use of acanthus leaf and other naturalist motifs can be seen in
Corinthian capitals, in temples, and in other public sites.
620:
804:
Both internally and externally there is a good deal of tasteless and unprofitable ornament... If each simple material had been allowed to tell its own tale, and the lines of the construction so arranged as to conduce to a sentiment of grandeur, the qualities of "power" and "truth," which its enormous
728:(Four Books on Architecture) (Venice, 1570), which included both drawings of classical Roman buildings and renderings of Palladio's own designs utilizing those motifs, became the most influential book ever written on architecture. Napoleon had the great pyramids and temples of Egypt documented in the
284:
The history of art in many cultures shows a series of wave-like trends where the level of ornament used increases over a period, before a sharp reaction returns to plainer forms, after which ornamentation gradually increases again. The pattern is especially clear in post-Roman
European art, where the
78:
and their equivalents in decorative art are excluded from the term; most ornaments do not include human figures, and if present they are small compared to the overall scale. Architectural ornament can be carved from stone, wood or precious metals, formed with plaster or clay, or painted or impressed
127:
world there has been a rich and linked tradition of plant-based ornament for over three thousand years; traditional ornament from other parts of the world typically relies more on geometrical and animal motifs. The inspiration for the patterns usually lies in the nature that surrounds the people in
473:
Ornament in the Roman empire utilized a diverse array of styles and materials, including marble, glass, obsidian, and gold. Roman ornament, specifically in the context of
Pompeii, has been studied and written about by scholar Jessica Powers in her book chapter "Beyond Painting in Pompeii's Houses:
477:
In addition to homes, public buildings and temples are locations where Roman ornament styles were on display. In the Roman temple, the extravagant use of ornament served as a means of self-glorification, as scholar Owen Jones notes in his book chapter, Roman
Ornament. Roman ornament techniques
946:
International Style skyscraper are integral, not applied, but certainly have ornamental effect. Furthermore, architectural ornament can serve the practical purpose of establishing scale, signaling entries, and aiding wayfinding, and these useful design tactics had been outlawed. And by the
118:
and other objects where the decoration may be the main justification for its existence, the terms pattern or design are more likely to be used. The vast range of motifs used in ornament draw from geometrical shapes and patterns, plants, and human and animal figures. Across
880:, in which he declared that lack of decoration is the sign of an advanced society. His argument was that ornament is economically inefficient and "morally degenerate", and that reducing ornament was a sign of progress. Modernists were eager to point to American architect
174:. Ornaments also depict a certain philosophy of the people for the world around. For example, in Central Asia among nomadic Kazakhs, the circular lines of the ornaments signalled the sequential perception of time in the wide steppes and the breadth and freedom of space.
706:
became an important part of the output of printmakers, especially in
Germany, and played a vital role in the rapid diffusion of new Renaissance styles to makers of all sorts of object. As well as revived classical ornament, both architectural and the
783:
During the 19th century, the acceptable use of ornament, and its precise definition became the source of aesthetic controversy in academic
Western architecture, as architects and their critics searched for a suitable style. "The great question is,"
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422:
culture is arguably the first civilization to add pure decoration to their buildings. Their ornament takes the forms of the natural world in that climate, decorating the capitals of columns and walls with images of papyrus and palm trees.
867:. At the time, such unornamented objects could have been found in many unpretending workaday items of industrial design, ceramics produced at the Arabia manufactory in Finland, for instance, or the glass insulators of electric lines.
911:". What began as a matter of taste was transformed into an aesthetic mandate. Modernists declared their way as the only acceptable way to build. As the style hit its stride in the highly developed postwar work of
926:
At the same time, the unwritten laws against ornament began to come into serious question. "Architecture has, with some difficulty, liberated itself from ornament, but it has not liberated itself from the
542:
146:
called it "surface modulation". The earliest decoration and ornament often survives from prehistoric cultures in simple markings on pottery, where decoration in other materials (including
403:, which Riegl did not cover, tracing many elements of Chinese decoration back to the same tradition; the shared background helping to make the assimilation of Chinese motifs into
1478:
Ornament and
Pattern in Western Art: Renaissance and Mannerist; Baroque; Rococo; Neoclassical; Historicist and Traditional Historicism; 19th century Reform Movement; 20th century
177:
Ornament implies that the ornamented object has a function that an unornamented equivalent might also fulfill. Where the object has no such function, but exists only to be a
970:
produced his AT&T Building in
Manhattan with an ornamental pink granite neo-Georgian pediment, the argument was effectively over. In retrospect, critics have seen the
533:
1193:
817:
expanded the repertory of ornament available to revivalists. After about 1880, photography made details of ornament even more widely available than prints had done.
884:
as their godfather in the cause of aesthetic simplification, dismissing the knots of intricately patterned ornament that articulated the skin of his structures.
427:
culture produced ornament which shows influence from
Egyptian sources and a number of original themes, including figures of plants and animals of the region.
722:
were published in Europe which gave access to decorative elements, eventually including those recorded from cultures all over the world. Andrea Palladio's
1227:
659:
522:
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is another technology which also lends itself very easily to decoration or pattern, and to some extent dictates its form. Ornament has been evident in
1459:
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1143:
1100:
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asked in 1847, "are we to have an architecture of our period, a distinct, individual, palpable style of the 19th century?". In 1849, when
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extent must have necessarily ensured, could have scarcely fail to excite admiration, and that at a very considerable saving of expense.
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908:
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As printing became cheaper, the single ornament print turned into sets, and then finally books. From the 16th to the 19th century,
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The very difference between ornament and structure is subtle and perhaps arbitrary. The pointed arches and flying buttresses of
860:, popular around the turn of the 20th century, was in part a conscious effort to evolve such a "natural" vocabulary of ornament.
624:
1463:
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1200:
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or painting, the term is less likely to be used, except for peripheral elements. In recent centuries a distinction between the
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the region. Many nomadic tribes in Central Asia had many animalistic motifs before the penetration of Islam in the region.
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has few followers today, his basic analysis of the development of forms has been confirmed and refined by the wider
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698:(13th century) showing how artists and craftsmen recorded designs they saw for future use. With the arrival of the
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installed a series of structurally unnecessary vertical I-beams on the outside of the building, and by 1984, when
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in Paris, he disapproved in recognizably modern terms of the plaster ornaments in faux-bronze and faux woodgrain:
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20:
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in 1856 with colored illustrations of decoration from Egypt, Turkey, Sicily and Spain. He took residence in the
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forms of the Greek ornament lasted for around a millennium, and after a period when they were replaced by
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1945:
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has been applied (except for architecture), with ornament mainly seen as a feature of the latter class.
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ornaments are made of wood, plastics, composites, etc. They come in many different colours and shapes.
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26:
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Rawson, the subject of her book, see Preface, and Chapter 5 on Chinese influences on Persian art.
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A more radical route abandoned the use of ornament altogether, as in some designs for objects by
849:
588:
334:
314:
2394:
47:
715:, a European adaptation of the Islamic arabesque (a distinction not always clear at the time).
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had been breaking their own rules by producing highly expressive, sculptural concrete work.
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which developed unique forms of decoration, or modified ornament from other cultures. The
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88:
34:
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915:, the tenets of 1950s modernism became so strict that even accomplished architects like
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could be ridiculed and effectively ostracized for departing from the aesthetic rules.
375:. Riegl traced formalistic continuity and development in decorative plant forms from
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style derived from Roman interior decoration, these included new styles such as the
500:, (east of Angkor, Cambodia) style, late 9th century, reminiscent of later European
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1974:
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159:
84:
59:
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Examples of ornament in various styles. From left to right and from up to down: a
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and other manuscripts influenced continental Europe, but the classically inspired
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and equated with the moral virtues of honesty, simplicity, and purity. In 1932
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and other ancient Near Eastern civilizations through the classical world to the
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1901:
1881:
1871:
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in his 1908 manifesto, translated into English in 1913 and polemically titled
871:
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616:. The form is itself ornamental, and further decorated in painted plasterwork
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1933:
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are ornamental but structurally necessary; the colorful rhythmic bands of a
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through the 1920s and 1930s, lack of decorative detail became a hallmark of
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708:
632:
447:
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civilization created many new forms of ornament, which were diffused across
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and their equivalents from other countries, to be decisively reduced by the
186:
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171:
135:
Chinese flask decorated with a dragon, clouds and some waves, an example of
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107:
103:
71:
38:
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1125:
772:, and by translation of early literature about architecture in the work of
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1995:
1950:
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styles, again under classical influence. Another period of increase, in
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2455:
2414:
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2200:
2124:
2056:
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2007:
1979:
1911:
1800:
1760:
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1008:
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892:
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18th century illustration of a woman made of ornaments and elements of
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371:) of 1893, who in the process developed his influential concept of the
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155:
120:
99:
42:
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2657:
2342:
2318:
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2252:
2186:
2144:
2107:
2097:
2020:
2013:
1969:
1896:
1790:
1678:
1594:
1080:
Rawson, throughout, but for quick reference: 23, 27, 32, 39–57, 75–77
958:
The argument against ornament peaked in 1959 over discussions of the
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609:
493:
322:
276:
147:
98:
have been developed for architecture and the applied arts, including
87:
the main material of the object, or a different one such as paint or
52:
30:
1260:
414:
Styles of ornamentation can be studied in reference to the specific
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to make drawings and plaster castings of the ornate details of the
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2159:
2154:
1938:
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was used, the technology made some kinds of decoration very easy;
130:
74:
parts of a building or object. Large figurative elements such as
25:
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2821:
2780:
2733:
2701:
2676:
2671:
2618:
2139:
2119:
1851:
1824:
1491:
1321:"Slogans and Battlecries | Paul Shepheard | Architect | Writer"
1245:"Structure/ornament and the modern figuration of architecture"
352:
The detailed study of Eurasian ornamental forms was begun by
1487:
1444:
The transformation of Islamic art during the Sunni revival
16:
Decoration used to embellish parts of a building or object
694:
A few medieval notebooks survive, most famously that of
369:
Problems of style: foundations for a history of ornament
275:
Various architectural ornaments on the façades of the
2794:
2607:
2524:
2371:
2214:
2044:
1988:
1862:
1404:
365:: Grundlegungen zu einer Geschichte der Ornamentik
170:to the assertive lack of ornament of 20th century
1194:The Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc.
768:was also fueled by the tradition of traveling on
301:largely replaced it. Ornament increased over the
142:In a 1941 essay, the architectural historian Sir
870:This latter approach was described by architect
51:painted ceiling, surrounded by highly decorated
1385:The Coloured Ornament of All Historical Styles
1836:
1503:
639:), each door having the same thing above them
450:in somewhat modified form. In the West the
8:
686:A typical variety of ornamental motifs on a
399:has recently extended the analysis to cover
333:, before resuming in the later 19th century
1243:Sankovitch, Anne-Marie (December 1, 1998).
1843:
1829:
1821:
1510:
1496:
1488:
1430:Chinese Ornament: The lotus and the dragon
1299:. Thames & Hudson. pp. 186–210.
1092:Pompeii: Art, Industry and Infrastructure
642:
619:
465:and remain extremely widely used today.
94:A wide variety of decorative styles and
1019:
1050:"“Style”—or whatever", J. Duncan Berry
1432:, 1984, British Museum Publications,
809:Contacts with other cultures through
7:
1341:19th-century compendiums of ornament
667:, Centaurs fighting with mounted men
309:periods, but was greatly reduced in
1026:Summerson, John (1941) printed in
14:
947:mid-1950s, modernist figureheads
725:I quattro libri dell'architettura
482:Ornament prints and pattern books
2855:
2854:
1809:
998:Bronze and brass ornamental work
561:
552:
541:
532:
521:
512:
265:
254:
245:
234:
225:
214:
205:
1165:. Princeton University Press.
1130:. Princeton University Press.
731:Description de l'Egypte (1809)
627:ornaments above a door in the
1:
678:ornament in a Venetian palace
597:trophy of musical instruments
438:, helped by the conquests of
168:Ancient Egyptian architecture
1347:Dolmetsch, Heinrich (1898).
794:French Industrial Exposition
461:, powerfully revived in the
446:, which took some motifs to
387:. While the concept of the
813:and the new discoveries of
647:The relief of Diana at the
411:harmonious and productive.
150:) has been lost. Where the
2920:
1484:, edited Jane Turner, 1996
1382:Speltz, Alexander (1915).
1225:Second Republic Exposition
1159:Jones, Owen (2016-07-26).
1124:Jones, Owen (2016-07-26).
18:
2850:
1807:
1525:
1482:Grove's Dictionary of Art
1198:"Palladio and his Books."
786:Thomas Leverton Donaldson
395:of examples known today.
339:Victorian decorative arts
2564:Multi-family residential
1472:The Language of Ornament
1349:The Treasury of Ornament
1296:The Language of Ornament
1293:James, Trilling (2001).
1048:Rawson, 24-25; see also
343:Arts and Crafts movement
1366:The Grammar of Ornament
1355:s:de:Heinrich Dolmetsch
1162:The Grammar of Ornament
1127:The Grammar of Ornament
1007:Typographic ornaments:
905:Henry-Russell Hitchcock
741:The Grammar of Ornament
442:, and the expansion of
162:since the beginning of
2882:Architectural elements
1411:. New York: Pantheon.
1407:Dictionary of Ornament
1377:A Handbook of Ornament
976:Postmodernist building
833:
831:Classical architecture
807:
766:classical architecture
691:
679:
668:
656:
640:
629:Dimitrie Sturdza House
617:
505:
172:Modernist architecture
139:
70:is decoration used to
55:
1325:www.paulshepheard.com
1171:10.1515/9781400882717
1136:10.1515/9781400882717
1095:. Oxbow Books. 2011.
828:
802:
696:Villard de Honnecourt
685:
674:
662:
646:
623:
607:
489:
134:
29:
2887:Architectural theory
1446:, I.B.Tauris, 2002,
1403:; G. Darley (1986).
917:Edward Durrell Stone
377:Ancient Egyptian art
137:Jingdezhen porcelain
76:monumental sculpture
19:For other uses, see
2010: / Guest room
1275:on November 7, 2007
1215:quoted by Summerson
940:Gothic architecture
909:International Style
897:modern architecture
865:Christopher Dresser
852:, or by the unique
842:Modern architecture
790:Matthew Digby Wyatt
625:Renaissance Revival
579:standing on it, an
463:Italian Renaissance
440:Alexander the Great
2486:Servants' quarters
1373:Meyer, Franz Sales
1230:2006-02-12 at the
1203:2018-07-05 at the
935:observed in 1941.
877:Ornament and Crime
850:Frank Lloyd Wright
834:
762:geometric patterns
692:
680:
669:
663:Ornament print by
657:
641:
618:
506:
335:Napoleon III style
315:Northern Mannerism
285:highly ornamented
140:
79:onto a surface as
56:
2869:
2868:
2287:Janitorial closet
2021:Bedsit / Miniflat
1818:
1817:
1460:978-1-85043-392-7
1180:978-1-4008-8271-7
1145:978-1-4008-8271-7
1102:978-1-84217-984-0
1059:The New Criterion
1054:Problems of Style
1028:Heavenly Mansions
972:AT&T Building
964:Mies van der Rohe
913:Mies van der Rohe
907:dubbed this the "
887:With the work of
752:there, including
750:Islamic ornaments
325:, was checked by
311:Early Renaissance
2909:
2858:
2857:
2827:Home improvement
2599:Studio apartment
2391:Kitchen-related
2067:Conversation pit
1854:and spaces of a
1845:
1838:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1795:Vitruvian scroll
1512:
1505:
1498:
1489:
1476:Peterson, Sara,
1442:Tabbaa, Yasser,
1422:
1410:
1389:
1352:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1271:. Archived from
1249:The Art Bulletin
1240:
1234:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1056:by Alois Riegl,
1046:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1024:
960:Seagram Building
944:Pietro Belluschi
565:
556:
545:
536:
525:
516:
420:Ancient Egyptian
269:
258:
249:
238:
229:
218:
209:
164:recorded history
81:applied ornament
33:interior of the
2919:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2892:Interior design
2872:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2861:Category: Rooms
2846:
2790:
2611:
2603:
2569:Secondary suite
2520:
2395:butler's pantry
2367:
2310:Mechanical room
2263:Electrical room
2222:
2210:
2040:
1984:
1958:Recreation room
1858:
1849:
1819:
1814:
1805:
1634:Garland bearers
1521:
1516:
1426:Rawson, Jessica
1419:
1401:Lewis, Philippa
1399:
1396:
1381:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1329:
1327:
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1307:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1276:
1261:10.2307/3051319
1242:
1241:
1237:
1232:Wayback Machine
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1205:Wayback Machine
1192:
1188:
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1146:
1123:
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1118:
1103:
1089:
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1084:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1021:
1017:
984:
823:
821:Modern ornament
746:Alhambra Palace
704:ornament prints
602:
601:
600:
599:
568:
567:
566:
558:
557:
548:
547:
546:
538:
537:
528:
527:
526:
518:
517:
484:
471:
409:Mongol invasion
331:Romantic period
282:
281:
280:
279:
272:
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270:
261:
260:
259:
251:
250:
241:
240:
239:
231:
230:
221:
220:
219:
211:
210:
199:
191:decorative arts
189:and applied or
166:, ranging from
89:vitreous enamel
35:Wilhering Abbey
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2874:
2873:
2867:
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2864:
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2746:
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2731:
2726:
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2716:
2711:
2710:
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2699:
2694:
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2679:
2674:
2669:
2660:
2655:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
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2621:
2615:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
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2581:
2576:
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2566:
2561:
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2549:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2481:Servants' hall
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
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2345:
2340:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2307:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2270:
2268:Equipment room
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2184:
2182:Secret passage
2179:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1788:
1786:Trophy of arms
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1474:
1469:James Trilling
1466:
1440:
1423:
1417:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1379:
1370:
1358:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1312:
1305:
1285:
1255:(4): 687–717.
1235:
1217:
1208:
1186:
1179:
1151:
1144:
1116:
1101:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1052:, A review of
1041:
1032:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
983:
980:
968:Philip Johnson
933:John Summerson
931:of ornament,"
901:Philip Johnson
882:Louis Sullivan
848:and his pupil
846:Louis Sullivan
822:
819:
798:Champs-Elysées
796:set up on the
770:The Grand Tour
764:. Interest in
570:
569:
560:
559:
551:
550:
549:
540:
539:
531:
530:
529:
520:
519:
511:
510:
509:
508:
507:
483:
480:
470:
469:Roman ornament
467:
397:Jessica Rawson
274:
273:
264:
263:
262:
253:
252:
244:
243:
242:
233:
232:
224:
223:
222:
213:
212:
204:
203:
202:
201:
200:
198:
195:
152:potter's wheel
144:John Summerson
64:decorative art
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2915:
2914:
2903:
2902:Visual motifs
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:Architectural
2606:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:Semi-detached
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Swimming pool
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:Great chamber
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:Wiring closet
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2329:Semi-basement
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2293:
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2283:
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2274:
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2256:
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2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:Private rooms
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:billiard room
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:dirty kitchen
1915:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
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1893:
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1690:
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1677:
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1667:
1665:
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1657:
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1626:
1623:
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1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
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1578:
1576:
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1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:Bead and reel
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1499:
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1490:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:1-85043-392-5
1449:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:0-7141-1431-6
1435:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1418:0-394-50931-5
1414:
1409:
1408:
1402:
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1374:
1371:
1368:
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1359:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1306:0-500-20343-1
1302:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1286:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
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1233:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1098:
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1093:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1039:Tabbaa, 74-75
1036:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
981:
979:
977:
974:as the first
973:
969:
965:
961:
956:
954:
953:Marcel Breuer
950:
945:
941:
936:
934:
930:
924:
922:
921:Eero Saarinen
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
878:
873:
868:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
832:
827:
820:
818:
816:
812:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
742:
737:
733:
732:
727:
726:
721:
720:pattern books
716:
714:
710:
705:
701:
697:
690:of c. 530 BC.
689:
684:
677:
673:
666:
661:
654:
650:
645:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
615:
611:
608:18th-century
606:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:acanthus leaf
578:
574:
564:
555:
544:
535:
524:
515:
503:
499:
495:
492:
488:
481:
479:
475:
468:
466:
464:
460:
456:
453:
452:Ancient Roman
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:Ancient Greek
428:
426:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
364:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Neoclassicism
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:Book of Kells
288:
278:
268:
257:
248:
237:
228:
217:
208:
196:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:civilizations
157:
153:
149:
145:
138:
133:
129:
126:
125:Mediterranean
122:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
91:may be used.
90:
86:
82:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
54:
50:
49:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
2739:Roof lantern
2718:
2491:Smoking room
2461:Long gallery
2441:Drawing room
2427:Conservatory
2334:Storm cellar
2305:Storage room
2301:Utility room
2297:Laundry room
2273:Furnace room
1864:Shared rooms
1756:Rais-de-cœur
1746:Puer mingens
1605:Egg-and-dart
1518:
1481:
1471:
1464:google books
1443:
1429:
1406:
1384:
1376:
1364:
1348:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:
1315:
1295:
1288:
1277:. Retrieved
1273:the original
1252:
1248:
1238:
1220:
1211:
1189:
1161:
1154:
1126:
1119:
1111:j.ctt1cfr84m
1091:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1062:, April 1993
1057:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1030:1963, p. 217
1027:
1022:
988:Applied arts
957:
949:Le Corbusier
937:
928:
925:
889:Le Corbusier
886:
875:
869:
862:
854:Antoni GaudĂ
835:
808:
803:
782:
778:Michelangelo
739:
729:
723:
717:
693:
665:Sebald Beham
476:
472:
459:Gothic forms
429:
413:
392:
388:
372:
368:
361:
351:
299:Ottonian art
283:
176:
141:
93:
85:applied arts
80:
67:
60:architecture
57:
48:trompe-l'Ĺ“il
46:
2832:Home repair
2629:Belt course
2537:Hidden room
2466:Lumber room
2382:Antechamber
2373:Great house
2353:Wine cellar
2324:Root cellar
2277:Boiler room
2258:Crawl space
1929:Living room
1922:kitchenette
1907:Home cinema
1892:Family room
1887:Dining room
1877:Common room
1545:Ball flower
993:Work of art
858:Art Nouveau
815:archaeology
811:colonialism
792:viewed the
758:calligraphy
649:Amalienburg
405:Persian art
401:Chinese art
389:Kunstwollen
385:Islamic art
373:Kunstwollen
354:Alois Riegl
295:Carolingian
287:Insular art
179:work of art
83:; in other
2876:Categories
2842:Tree house
2812:Front yard
2744:Sill plate
2692:Foundation
2634:Bressummer
2547:house plan
2516:Undercroft
2501:State room
2451:Great hall
2420:still room
2087:dumbwaiter
2072:Cubby-hole
1902:Great room
1872:Bonus room
1704:Millefleur
1620:Gadrooning
1585:Cornucopia
1560:Branchwork
1555:Blackamoor
1394:References
1375:, (1898),
1361:Owen Jones
1330:2018-05-12
1279:2007-11-13
872:Adolf Loos
754:arabesques
738:published
736:Owen Jones
688:Greek vase
502:scrollwork
407:after the
363:Stilfragen
303:Romanesque
181:such as a
45:), with a
2897:Ornaments
2766:Threshold
2649:Colonnade
2594:Townhouse
2532:Furniture
2436:Courtyard
2338:Safe room
2248:Cloakroom
2216:Technical
2206:Vestibule
2191:Staircase
2130:Inglenook
2103:Fireplace
2062:Breezeway
1934:Gynaeceum
1781:Strapwork
1699:Medallion
1674:Interlace
1654:Guilloché
1649:Grotesque
1644:Green Man
1600:Dog-tooth
1580:Christmas
1575:Cartouche
1565:Bucranium
1540:Arabesque
1519:Ornaments
774:Vitruvius
709:grotesque
655:(Germany)
633:Bucharest
612:balcony,
589:cartouche
585:palmettes
455:Latinized
448:East Asia
381:arabesque
358:formalist
347:Modernism
345:and then
187:fine arts
183:sculpture
116:wallpaper
108:metalwork
104:furniture
72:embellish
39:Wilhering
2807:Driveway
2802:Backyard
2761:Skylight
2724:Plumbing
2719:Ornament
2714:Lighting
2624:Baluster
2612:elements
2584:Detached
2579:Terraced
2431:Orangery
2410:scullery
2387:Ballroom
2363:Workshop
2348:Wardrobe
2336: /
2303: /
2299: /
2275: /
2238:Basement
2170:sleeping
2165:screened
2150:Overhang
2094:Entryway
2082:Elevator
1996:Bathroom
1951:man cave
1719:Palmette
1714:Moresque
1689:Mascaron
1590:Curlicue
1530:Acanthus
1228:Archived
1201:Archived
1009:Dingbats
982:See also
962:, where
891:and the
838:millwork
713:moresque
595:, and a
593:mascaron
498:Preah Ko
444:Buddhism
425:Assyrian
329:and the
123:and the
112:textiles
68:ornament
21:Ornament
2795:Related
2771:Transom
2663:Cornice
2653:Portico
2644:Chimney
2639:Ceiling
2471:Parlour
2456:Library
2415:spicery
2405:saucery
2400:buttery
2243:Carport
2225:storage
2220:utility
2201:Veranda
2196:Terrace
2125:Hallway
2057:Balcony
2036:Nursery
2031:Cabinet
2026:Boudoir
2008:Bedroom
1980:Sunroom
1912:Kitchen
1801:Zellige
1766:Rosette
1761:Rinceau
1729:Bulbous
1709:Molding
1694:Meander
1684:Margent
1664:Hilarri
1610:Festoon
1535:Antefix
1363:(1856)
1269:3051319
1003:Brocade
893:Bauhaus
836:Modern
676:Baroque
637:Romania
614:Bavaria
575:with a
573:festoon
436:Eurasia
416:culture
356:in his
319:Baroque
289:of the
197:History
156:weaving
148:tattoos
121:Eurasia
100:pottery
43:Austria
2859:
2817:Garden
2786:Window
2729:Quoins
2707:Portal
2658:Column
2574:Duplex
2552:styles
2511:Turret
2343:Studio
2319:Pantry
2292:Larder
2282:Garage
2253:Closet
2187:Stairs
2145:Loggia
2108:hearth
2098:Genkan
2052:Atrium
2045:Spaces
2014:closet
2001:toilet
1970:Shrine
1946:Andron
1897:Garret
1791:Volute
1771:Scroll
1679:Lintel
1625:Garden
1595:Dentil
1458:
1450:
1436:
1415:
1303:
1267:
1177:
1142:
1109:
1099:
760:, and
653:Munich
610:Rococo
504:styles
494:lintel
393:corpus
360:study
323:Rococo
317:, the
307:Gothic
277:Louvre
96:motifs
53:stucco
31:Rococo
2776:Vault
2749:Style
2697:Gable
2687:Floor
2667:Eaves
2557:types
2542:House
2525:Other
2496:Solar
2476:Sauna
2375:areas
2314:floor
2233:Attic
2160:Porch
2155:Patio
2135:Lanai
2115:Foyer
1975:Study
1939:harem
1856:house
1852:Rooms
1751:Putto
1734:Grass
1724:Plant
1639:Girih
1265:JSTOR
1107:JSTOR
1015:Notes
700:print
651:, in
631:from
577:putto
491:Khmer
110:. In
2837:Shed
2822:Home
2781:Wall
2754:list
2734:Roof
2702:Gate
2677:Door
2672:Dome
2619:Arch
2223:and
2177:Ramp
2140:Loft
2120:Hall
2077:Deck
1776:Spur
1741:Peak
1669:Hood
1629:Lawn
1615:Foil
1570:Buta
1456:ISBN
1448:ISBN
1434:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1175:ISBN
1140:ISBN
1097:ISBN
951:and
929:fear
919:and
903:and
776:and
591:, a
587:, a
430:The
321:and
305:and
297:and
62:and
2682:Ell
1882:Den
1659:Gul
1257:doi
1167:doi
1132:doi
496:in
383:of
58:In
2878::
2665:/
2651:/
2429:/
2312:/
2218:,
1480:,
1462:,
1454:,
1428:,
1323:.
1263:.
1253:80
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1247:.
1196:,
1173:.
1138:.
1105:.
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856:.
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756:,
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702:,
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