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630:, trade between Europe and Britain evaporated, resulting in the gradual decline of the wallpaper industry in Britain. However, the end of the war saw a massive demand in Europe for British goods which had been inaccessible during the wars, including cheap, colourful wallpaper. The development of steam-powered printing presses in Britain in 1813 allowed manufacturers to mass-produce wallpaper, reducing its price and so making it affordable to working-class people. Wallpaper enjoyed a huge boom in popularity in the nineteenth century, seen as a cheap and very effective way of brightening up cramped and dark rooms in working-class areas. It became almost the norm in most areas of middle-class homes, but remained relatively little used in public buildings and offices, with patterns generally being avoided in such locations. In the latter half of the century
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754:, commonly called "strippable" which can be misleading. Cloth backed vinyl is fairly common and durable. Lighter vinyls are easier to handle and hang. Paper backed vinyls are generally more expensive, significantly more difficult to hang, and can be found in wider untrimmed widths. Foil wallpaper generally has paper backing and can (exceptionally) be up to 36 inches (91 cm) wide, and be very difficult to handle and hang. Textile wallpapers include silks, linens, grass cloths, strings, rattan, and actual impressed leaves. There are acoustical wall carpets to reduce sound. Customized wallcoverings are available at high prices and most often have minimum roll orders.
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840:(if is not sealed with a specific varnish). Proper preparation includes the repair of any defects in the drywall or plaster and the removal of loose material or old adhesives. For a better finish with thinner papers and poorer quality walls the wall can be cross-lined (horizontally) with lining paper first. Accurate room measurements (length, width, and height) along with number of window and door openings is essential for ordering wallpaper. Large drops, or repeats, in a pattern can be cut and hung more economically by working from alternating rolls of paper.
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pieces occurs. In the case of large complex patterns of images this is normally achieved by starting the second piece halfway into the length of the repeat, so that if the pattern going down the roll repeats after 24 inches, the next piece sideways is cut from the roll to begin 12 inches down the pattern from the first. The number of times the pattern repeats horizontally across a roll does not matter for this purpose. A single pattern can be issued in several different colorways.
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283:. These tapestries added color to the room as well as providing an insulating layer between the stone walls and the room, thus retaining heat in the room. However, tapestries were extremely expensive and so only the very rich could afford them. Less well-off members of the elite, unable to buy tapestries due either to prices or wars preventing international trade, turned to wallpaper to brighten up their rooms.
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510:. This famous so-called "papier peint" wallpaper is still in situ in Ham House, Peabody, Massachusetts. It was the largest panoramic wallpaper of its time, and marked the burgeoning of a French industry in panoramic wallpapers. Dufour realized almost immediate success from the sale of these papers and enjoyed a lively trade with America. The
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in length. European rolled goods are 52 centimetres (20 in) wide by 10 metres (33 ft) in length, approximately 5.2 square metres (56 sq ft). Most wallpaper borders are sold by length and with a wide range of widths therefore surface area is not applicable, although some may require trimming.
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Modern wallcoverings are diverse, and what is described as wallpaper may no longer actually be made from paper. Two of the most common factory trimmed sizes of wallpaper are referred to as "American" and "European" rolled goods. American rolled goods are 27 inches (69 cm) by 27 feet (8.2 m)
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By the early twentieth century wallpaper had established itself as one of the most popular household items across the
Western world. Manufacturers in the USA included Sears; designers included Andy Warhol. Wallpaper has gone in and out of fashion since about 1930, but the overall trend has been for
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Among the firms begun in France in the 19th century: Desfossé & Karth. In the United States: John
Bellrose, Blanchard & Curry, Howell Brothers, Longstreth & Sons, Isaac Pugh in Philadelphia; Bigelow, Hayden & Co. in Massachusetts; Christy & Constant, A. Harwood, R. Prince in New
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using ultraviolet (UV) cured inks are being used for custom wallpaper production. Very small runs can be made, even a single wall. Photographs or digital art are output onto blank wallpaper material. Typical installations are corporate lobbies, restaurants, athletic facilities, and home interiors.
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Solid vinyl with a cloth backing is the most common commercial wallcovering and comes from the factory as untrimmed at 54 inches (140 cm) approximately, to be overlapped and double cut by the installer. This same type can be pre-trimmed at the factory to 27 inches (69 cm) approximately.
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Modern wallpaper is made in long rolls which are hung vertically on a wall. Patterned wallpapers are designed so that the pattern "repeats", and thus pieces cut from the same roll can be hung next to each other so as to continue the pattern without it being easy to see where the join between two
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was introduced which was not abolished until 1836. By the mid-eighteenth century, Britain was the leading wallpaper manufacturer in Europe, exporting vast quantities to Europe in addition to selling on the middle-class
British market. However this trade was seriously disrupted in 1755 by the
360:, wealthy people across England began demanding wallpaper again â Cromwell's Puritan regime had imposed a repressive and restrictive culture on the population, and following his death, wealthy people began purchasing comfortable domestic items which had been banned under the Puritan state.
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Patricia Hamm and James Hamm. The
Removal and Conservation Treatment of a Scenic Wallpaper, "Paysage Ă Chasses," from the Martin Van Buren National Historic Site. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, Vol. 20, No. 2, Conservation of Historic Wallpaper (Spring,
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Wallpaper manufacturers active in
England in the 18th century included John Baptist Jackson and John Sherringham. Among the firms established in 18th-century America: J. F. Bumstead & Co. (Boston), William Poyntell (Philadelphia), John Rugar (New York).
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announced that they had developed a wallpaper that can help keep a masonry wall from failing in an earthquake. The wallpaper uses glass fibre reinforcement in several directions and a special adhesive which forms a strong bond with the masonry when dry.
480:. It was made up to 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in) wide. English, French and German manufacturers imitated it, usually beginning with a printed outline which was coloured in by hand, a technique sometimes also used in later Chinese papers.
723:(V&A) in the UK; the Smithsonian's Cooper-Hewitt, Historic New England, Metropolitan Museum of Art, U.S. National Park Service, and Winterthur in the US. Original designs by William Morris and other English wallpaper companies are held by
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were very often pasted to walls, instead of being framed and hung, and the largest sizes of prints, which came in several sheets, were probably mainly intended to be pasted to walls. Some important artists made such pieces â notably
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Thomas K. McClintock. The In situ
Treatment of the Wallpaper in the Study of the Longfellow National Historic Site. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, Vol. 20, No. 2, Conservation of Historic Wallpaper (Spring,
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and completed in 1515. This measured a colossal 3.57 by 2.95 metres, made up of 192 sheets, and was printed in a first edition of 700 copies, intended to be hung in palaces and, in particular, town halls, after hand-coloring.
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England and France were leaders in
European wallpaper manufacturing. Among the earliest known samples is one found on a wall from England and is printed on the back of a London proclamation of 1509. It became very popular in
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Historical examples of wallpaper are preserved by cultural institutions such as the
Deutsches Tapetenmuseum (Kassel) in Germany; the Musée des Arts Décoratifs (Paris) and Musée du Papier Peint (Rixheim) in France; the
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High-quality wallpaper made in China became available from the later part of the 17th century; this was entirely handpainted and very expensive. It can still be seen in rooms in palaces and grand houses including
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After pre-pasted wallpaper is moistened, or dry wallpaper is coated with wet paste, the wet surface is folded onto itself and left for a few minutes to activate the glue, which is called "booking wallpaper."
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Early wallpaper featured scenes similar to those depicted on tapestries, and large sheets of the paper were sometimes hung loosely on the walls, in the style of tapestries, and sometimes pasted as today.
341:, but Henry VIII's split with the Catholic Church had resulted in a fall in trade with Europe. Without any tapestry manufacturers in England, English gentry and aristocracy alike turned to wallpaper.
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and by the 18th century designs include panoramic views of antique architecture, exotic landscapes and pastoral subjects, as well as repeating patterns of stylized flowers, people and animals.
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In terms of methods of creation, wallpaper types include painted wallpaper, hand-printed blockwood wallpaper, hand-printed stencil wallpaper, machine-printed wallpaper, and flock wallpaper.
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Besides conventional installation on interior walls and ceilings, wallpapers have been deployed as decorative covering for hatboxes, bandboxes, books, shelves, and window-shades.
444:. This ability to produce continuous lengths of wallpaper now offered the prospect of novel designs and nice tints being widely displayed in drawing rooms across Europe.
710:. The development of digital printing allows designers to break the mould and combine new technology and art to bring wallpaper to a new level of popularity.
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816:'s best-known painters, creates large-scale wallpaper installations that evoke the floral designs of William Morris in a style that has become known as
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of repeating or repeatable decorative patterns. These are called ornament prints and were intended as models for wallpaper makers, among other uses.
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New types of wallpaper under development or entering the market in the early 21st century include wallpaper that blocks certain mobile phone and
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hired designers working in silk and tapestry to produce some of the most subtle and luxurious wallpaper ever made. His sky blue wallpaper with
192:. Wallpapers can come plain as "lining paper" to help cover uneven surfaces and minor wall defects, "textured", plain with a regular repeating
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R. P. Emlen: âImagining
America in 1834: Zuber's Scenic Wallpaper "Vues d'AmĂ©rique du Nord"â, Winterthur Port., xxxii (SummerâAug 1997)
832:, wallpaper requires proper surface preparation before application. Additionally wallpaper is not suitable for all areas. For example,
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In the early 21st century wallpaper evolved into a lighting feature, enhancing the mood and the ambience through lights and crystals.
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Towards the end of the 18th century the fashion for scenic wallpaper revived in both
America and France, leading to some enormous
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signals, in the interest of privacy. The wallpaper is coated with a silver ink which forms crystals that block outgoing signals.
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The earliest known American wallpaper sample book that has survived to present day resides in the collection of
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with Charvet's elegant designs. Like most 18th-century wallpapers, the panorama was designed to be hung above a
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Horace H. F. Jayne. Captain Cook Wallpaper. Bulletin of the Pennsylvania Museum, Vol. 17, No. 69 (Oct., 1921)
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Horace L. Hotchkiss, Jr. Wallpaper from the Shop of William Poyntell. Winterthur Portfolio, Vol. 4 (1968)
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Surya, Shirley (2008). "Patterns: Design, Architecture, Interiors", page 204. DOM Publishers, Singapore.
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Official descriptive and illustrated catalogue, Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations
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The most common wall covering for residential use and generally the most economical is prepasted vinyl
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Very few samples of the earliest repeating pattern wallpapers survive, but there are a large number of
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In 2012 scientists at the Institute of Solid Construction and Construction Material Technology at the
333:'s excommunication from the Catholic Church â English aristocrats had always imported tapestries from
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Sugden, A.V, Potters of Darwen 1839â1939 a century of wallpaper printing by machinery. 1939
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had invented the first machine for printing coloured tints on sheets of wallpaper. In 1799
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Hand-painted Chinese wallpaper showing a funeral procession, made for the European market,
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Hapgood. Wallpaper and the artist: from Durer to Warhol. London: Abbeville Press, 1992
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exported their product across Europe and North America. Zuber et Cie's c. 1834 design
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design, or with a single non-repeating large design carried over a set of sheets.
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Wallpaper manufacturing firms established in England in the 19th century included
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patented a machine to produce continuous lengths of paper, the forerunner of the
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E. W. Mick. Hauptwerke des Deutschen Tapetenmuseum in Kassel (Tokyo, 1981)
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Les sauvages de la mer Pacifique, tableau pour décoration en papier peint
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Bulletin of the City Art Museum of St. Louis, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1930
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188:. It is usually sold in rolls and is applied onto a wall using
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Material used to cover and decorate interior walls of buildings
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in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. It was produced by the firm
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style currently in favour worked well in houses of the
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The traditional hand-blocking technique, France in 1877
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Peter Leggatt and Nathan Brooker (February 22, 2013).
1032:. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum. 2014-09-22
969:, A Macon : De l'Imprimerie de Moiroux, rue franche,
562:) other French manufacturers of panoramic scenic and
399:, and by a heavy level of duty on imports to France.
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government, was halted. Following the Restoration of
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Decorator and Furnisher, Vol. 16, No. 6 (Sep., 1890)
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836:wallpaper may deteriorate rapidly due to excessive
248:The main historical techniques are: hand-painting,
184:to cover the interior walls of domestic and public
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1257:"Paint & Wallpaper: How to decorate your home"
1144:, London, 20 March 2010. Retrieved on 30 June 2015
603:of Hartford, Connecticut, between 1821 and 1828.
498:(Savages of the Pacific), designed by the artist
422:discovered in 1763 a method to use fast colours.
1361:"Tsang Kin-wah And The Organic Necessity Of Art"
279:on the walls of their homes, as they had in the
1388:. Primetime Paint & Paper. 8 February 2013
669:. In particular, many 19th century designs by
414:was used in 1783 on the first balloons by the
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275:. The social elite continued to hang large
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1091:, Chicago : Sears, Roebuck and Co., 1900,
653:; John Line & Sons; Potter & Co.;
1308:"High-tech wallpaper resists earthquakes"
171:Various examples of samples of wallpapers
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
492:, like the 1804 20 strip wide panorama,
203:. Wallpaper printing techniques include
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425:Hand-blocked wallpapers like these use
1194:. USA: Wallpaper Historic New England
739:Wallpaper on the wall of an apartment
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
1335:"Art Basel Hong Kong â Local Pride"
706:, a London-based company, invented
689:L.C. Orrell and Co. wallpaper 1906
14:
1359:Isabella Tam (January 26, 2016).
1062:, London: Spicer Brothers, 1851,
1026:"The Rosetta Stone of Wallpaper?"
805:As a means of artistic expression
798:Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2035:Bronze and brass ornamental work
904:William Morris wallpaper designs
677:designers remain in production.
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1288:from the original on 2022-12-10
884:List of wallpaper manufacturers
495:Sauvages de la Mer du Pacifique
41:needs additional citations for
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1192:"Wallpaper Search Collection"
861:Most wallpaper adhesives are
651:Lightbown, Aspinall & Co.
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434:Christophe-Philippe Oberkampf
382:In 1712, during the reign of
373:
1214:"Metropolitan Museum of Art"
943:Grove Art Online "Wallpaper"
773:inkjet printing technologies
540:Sauvages de la Mer Pacifique
502:for the French manufacturer
271:Europe amongst the emerging
1277:"The new role of wallpaper"
655:Arthur Sanderson & Sons
252:(overall the most common),
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721:Victoria and Albert Museum
708:LED-incorporated wallpaper
21:Wallpaper (disambiguation)
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615:"Artichoke" wallpaper by
582:Diplomatic Reception Room
675:Arts and Crafts Movement
418:. The landscape painter
2170:Painting in HĂ€lsingland
1408:"How to Hang Wallpaper"
1386:"How To Hang Wallpaper"
506:showing the Voyages of
420:Jean-Baptiste Pillement
408:Jean-Baptiste RĂ©veillon
267:, gained popularity in
965:Joseph Dufour (1804),
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714:Historical collections
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597:Old Sturbridge Village
578:Views of North America
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2299:Corrugated fiberboard
1333:J.P. (May 23, 2013).
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259:Wallpaper, using the
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217:rotary printing press
2190:Pressed flower craft
1030:www.cooperhewitt.org
649:.; Shand Kydd Ltd.;
553:Joseph Dufour et Cie
504:Joseph Dufour et Cie
500:Jean-Gabriel Charvet
438:Louis-Nicolas Robert
416:Montgolfier brothers
302:commissioned by the
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1607:Spinning (textiles)
1525:Friendship bracelet
945:, Oxford Art Online
851:Wallpaper adhesives
762:Modern developments
572:(1797âpresent) and
442:Fourdrinier machine
182:interior decoration
1166:. London: V&A.
857:Wallpaper adhesive
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601:Janes & Bolles
484:France and America
454:Nymphenburg Palace
427:hand-carved blocks
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304:Holy Roman Emperor
299:The Triumphal Arch
250:woodblock printing
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2289:Coffee cup sleeve
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2113:Hardstone carving
2061:Balloon modelling
1575:Ribbon embroidery
1261:www.johnlewis.com
621:John Henry Dearle
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663:William Morris
619:, designed by
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395:and later the
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1495:Banner-making
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617:Morris and Co
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580:hangs in the
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545:Joseph Dufour
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466:Temple Newsam
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412:fleurs-de-lys
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67: â
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2652:Coated paper
2613:
2583:Filter paper
2557:Playing card
2489:
2428:Post-it note
2365:Toilet paper
2153:Glass mosaic
2071:Bone carving
1871:Wood carving
1866:Wood burning
1841:Chip carving
1807:
1798:Scrapbooking
1783:Papier-mùché
1749:Papercutting
1702:Iris folding
1690:Photomontage
1685:Papier collé
1650:Altered book
1510:Cross-stitch
1420:
1411:
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1364:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1311:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1281:
1269:
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1232:
1222:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1186:
1172:
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1149:
1137:
1121:
1112:
1088:
1083:
1059:
1054:
1045:
1034:. Retrieved
1029:
1020:
1011:
1002:
993:
987:, 0665141149
966:
960:
951:
942:
860:
846:
842:
827:
824:Installation
808:
795:
783:
771:New digital
770:
756:
752:coated paper
749:
745:
742:
717:
701:
698:21st century
692:
681:20th century
644:
625:
594:
590:
577:
570:Zuber et Cie
568:wallpapers,
565:trompe-l'Ćil
563:
550:
512:Neoclassical
508:Captain Cook
487:
474:Lissan House
450:
446:
431:
424:
401:
381:
364:18th century
343:
323:
312:
307:Maximilian I
297:
285:
258:
247:
230:
200:
198:
177:
176:
112:
106:October 2011
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2642:Printmaking
2593:Paper model
2547:Paper craft
2473:Decorations
2360:Paper towel
2314:Oyster pail
2309:Molded pulp
2180:Pietra dura
2143:Micromosaic
2076:Doll making
2030:Silversmith
1947:Cameo glass
1904:Earthenware
1876:Woodturning
1788:Pop-up book
1773:Papermaking
1660:Calligraphy
1655:Bookbinding
1585:Rug hooking
1555:Needlepoint
1535:Lace-making
1500:Canvas work
1392:13 December
1370:February 7,
1344:February 7,
1198:21 December
1164:"Wallpaper"
894:Wall decals
626:During the
586:White House
560: 1830
377: 1780
317:, often in
281:Middle Ages
269:Renaissance
261:printmaking
254:stencilling
209:rotogravure
180:is used in
65:"Wallpaper"
2621:Categories
2552:Paper toys
2535:Recreation
2398:Index card
2380:Stationery
2329:Paperboard
2267:Containers
2215:Wall decal
2138:Miniatures
2056:Assemblage
1924:Terracotta
1899:Bone china
1778:Paper toys
1744:Papercraft
1670:Cast paper
1665:Cardmaking
1612:String art
1602:Shoemaking
1590:Rug making
1560:Needlework
1515:Embroidery
1505:Crocheting
1466:handicraft
1089:Wall paper
1036:2021-07-20
976:0665141149
910:References
673:and other
659:Owen Jones
384:Queen Anne
358:Charles II
331:Henry VIII
329:following
277:tapestries
76:newspapers
2632:Ornaments
2598:Sandpaper
2521:Newsprint
2516:Newspaper
2490:Wallpaper
2437:Financial
2324:Paper cup
2319:Paper bag
2210:Taxidermy
2200:Scrimshaw
2175:Pargeting
2101:Grotesque
2081:Dollhouse
2025:Goldsmith
2020:Jewellery
2010:Engraving
1967:Glassware
1952:Chip work
1919:Stoneware
1909:Porcelain
1861:Marquetry
1836:Carpentry
1831:Cabinetry
1808:Wallpaper
1734:Embossing
1727:Moneygami
1680:Decoupage
1565:Patchwork
1550:Millinery
1105:25126572M
985:23705116M
814:Hong Kong
812:, one of
780:High-tech
640:dado rail
636:Anaglypta
632:Lincrusta
490:panoramas
319:engraving
186:buildings
178:Wallpaper
2562:Quilling
2542:Confetti
2526:Pamphlet
2511:Magazine
2459:Passbook
2444:Banknote
2423:Postcard
2413:Notebook
2370:Wet wipe
2304:Envelope
2260:products
2165:Ornament
2128:Lapidary
2123:Lath art
2106:Gargoyle
2066:Beadwork
2040:Ironwork
1856:Intarsia
1851:Fretwork
1846:ĂbĂ©niste
1826:Bentwood
1803:Stamping
1793:Quilling
1739:Marbling
1722:Kirigami
1712:Kamikiri
1617:Tapestry
1570:Quilting
1530:Knitting
1318:March 3,
1292:March 3,
1286:Archived
1097:17573461
1076:6962338M
873:See also
834:bathroom
818:word-art
704:Meystyle
555:(1797 â
432:In 1785
335:Flanders
2343:Hygiene
2160:Netsuke
2015:Etching
1995:Andiron
1914:Pottery
1894:Azulejo
1886:Ceramic
1754:Chinese
1717:Origami
1707:Jianzhi
1675:Collage
1632:Weaving
1627:Tie-dye
1622:Tatting
1545:Macrame
1520:Felting
1487:Textile
1477:History
1068:1044640
869:based.
792:Seismic
607:England
584:of the
551:Beside
354:Puritan
344:During
327:England
265:woodcut
236:History
194:pattern
90:scholar
2454:Coupon
2403:Letter
2355:Napkin
2279:Carton
2148:Mosaic
2005:Enamel
1972:Mirror
1764:Slavic
1759:Jewish
1597:Sewing
1580:Carpet
1180:. USA.
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592:York.
478:Erddig
476:, and
348:under
289:Prints
273:gentry
219:, and
201:repeat
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2499:Media
2257:Paper
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1216:. NY.
889:Mural
838:steam
830:paint
828:Like
339:Arras
97:JSTOR
83:books
2588:Form
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2118:Inro
1929:Tile
1818:Wood
1464:and
1394:2013
1372:2016
1346:2016
1320:2013
1294:2013
1200:2023
1127:ISBN
1093:OCLC
1064:OCLC
971:ISBN
786:WiFi
634:and
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386:, a
337:and
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2274:Box
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865:or
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