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712:. Mason bees used for orchard and other agricultural applications are all readily attracted to nesting holes – reeds, paper tubes, nesting trays, or drilled blocks of wood; in their dormant season, they can be transported as intact nests (tubes, blocks, etc.) or as loose cocoons. As is characteristic of solitary bees,
332:
521:, the males exit first. The males typically remain near the nests waiting for the females, and some are known to actively extract females from their cocoons. When the females emerge, they mate with one or several males. The males soon die, and within a few days the females begin provisioning their nests.
548:
Within a few days of mating, the female has selected a nest site and has begun to visit flowers to gather pollen and nectar for her nests; many trips are needed to complete a pollen/nectar provision mass. Once a provision mass is complete, the bee backs into the hole and lays an egg on top of the
649:
species are in decline as of 2020; practices to minimize the impact of non-native pollinators on wild species include prioritizing the use of native bee species, raising local bee populations, and enforcing parasite/disease screening.
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species are found in places where the temperature drops below 0 °C (32 °F) for long durations and they are well-adapted to cold winters; chilling seems to be a requirement for maturation. Some species of mason bees are
549:
mass. Then, she creates a partition of "mud", which doubles as the back of the next cell. The process continues until she has filled the cavity. Female eggs are laid in the back of the nest and male eggs toward the front.
370:, which are made in naturally occurring gaps such as between cracks in stones or other small dark cavities. When available, some species preferentially use hollow stems or holes in wood made by wood-boring insects.
1261:
Sheffield, C.S.; et al. (2008). "Diversity of cavity-nesting bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) within apple orchards and wild habitats in the
Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada".
535:
shells, under bark, or in other small protected cavities. They do not excavate their own nests. The material used for the cell can be clay, mud, grit, or chewed plant tissue. The
527:
females typically nest in narrow gaps and naturally occurring tubular cavities. Commonly, this means in hollow twigs but can be in abandoned nests of wood-boring beetles or
1702:
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can pollinate very efficiently, which is largely attributed to their anatomy and behavior. Unlike most other bee species that collect pollen from their hind legs, female
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have been moved from their native ranges for commercial purposes. Over 300 species are found across the
Northern Hemisphere. Most occur in temperate habitats within the
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1571:
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species as managed pollinators has ignited the spread of disease, introducing invasive bee species that increase competition for native bees. In some areas, native
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is one of a few species known for lining their nest burrows with flower petals. A female might inspect several potential nests before settling in.
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for pollen-collecting, absent in males. Although the scopa is usually located on the legs in most bees, it lies underneath the abdomen for
555:
Within weeks of hatching, the larva has probably consumed all of its provisions and begins spinning a cocoon around itself and enters the
489:
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when handled (only under distress such as when wet or squeezed); their sting is small and not painful, and their stinger is unbarbed.
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transfer pollen to flowers, dry pollen falls from the scopa onto the flower's stigma, facilitating pollination at nearly every visit.
1090:
1319:
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share a basic anatomy with all bees and most insects; the main functional regions being the head, thorax, and abdomen. On the head,
446:
Historically, the term mason bee has also been used to refer to bees from a number of other genera under
Megachilidae such as
893:
423:
species are frequently metallic green or blue, although many are blackish and at least one rust-red. Most have black ventral
1589:
1597:
810:"Host range evolution in a selected group of osmiine bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): the Boraginaceae-Fabaceae paradox"
457:
1454:
584:
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Once a bee has finished with a nest, she plugs the entrance to the tube, and then may seek out another nest location.
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860:"Evolution of nesting behavior and kleptoparasitism in a selected group of osmiine bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)"
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species are solitary; every female is fertile and makes her own nest, and no worker bees for these species exist.
1537:
1151:
LeCroy, Kathryn A.; Savoy-Burke, Grace; Carr, David E.; Delaney, Deborah A.; Roulston, T’ai H. (2020-10-30).
65:
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Kemp, Bosch, J., W.P. (2002). "Developing and establishing bee species as crop pollinators: the example of
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stage, and the adult matures either in the fall or winter, hibernating inside its insulatory cocoon. Most
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366:. Mason bees are named for their habit of using mud or other "masonry" products in constructing their
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965:(Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini), Including Biological Comparisons to Other Osmiine Bees".
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Rozen, Jerome G.; et al. (2010). "Nests, Petal Usage, Floral
Preferences, and Immatures of
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mites, but have their own unique parasites, pests, and diseases. The nesting habits of many
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Pollination with Mason Bees: A Gardener's Guide to
Managing Mason Bees for Fruit Production
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1153:"Decline of six native mason bee species following the arrival of an exotic congener"
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915:"Long foraging distances impose high costs on offspring production in solitary bees"
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Tkalcu and
Descriptions of Its Egg and Larva (Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini)"
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to facilitate efficient pollination on their farms. However, using non-native
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1059:(Megachilidae: Osmiini) – how does nesting biology affect biogeography?"
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Solitary bees produce neither honey nor beeswax. They are immune from
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708:. They are used both as an alternative to and as an augmentation for
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species are commercially propagated in different parts of the world
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which are difficult to notice unless laden with pollen. They have
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have six legs and four wings. The abdomen of females contains a
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1335:. Sustainable Agriculture Network Handbook Series. p. 98.
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species lend themselves to easy cultivation, and a number of
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use pollen-collecting hairs from their abdominal scopa. When
1091:"The Insects: An Outline of Entomology, 5th Edition | Wiley"
1120:(Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Elucidated Using Videography"
417:
realms, and are active from spring through late summer.
1053:
Sedivy, Claudio; Dorn, Silvia; Müller, Andreas (2012).
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typically pollinate early spring flowers in the family
634:, and will even forage under poor weather conditions.
891:
Holland, Jennifer S. (October 2010), "Flower Beds",
1401:
1114:McKinney, Matthew I.; Park, Yong-Lak (2012-05-17).
373:Species of the genus include the orchard mason bee
784:(2nd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
637:Some farmers currently manage populations of
8:
1246:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
352:is a name now commonly used for species of
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335:Mason bee nest cell with egg on pollen bed
327:Homemade nest block showing full occupancy
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1703:Taxa named by Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer
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1063:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
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864:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
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814:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
680:in fruit and nut production. Commercial
1329:Bosch, Jordi; Kemp, William J. (2001).
761:
1239:
1055:"Molecular phylogeny of the bee genus
1006:Rozen, Jerome G.; et al. (2009).
452:, most notably in "The Mason-Bees" by
7:
1665:0A77F222-76E2-5D28-A33E-8C015AAFD1E0
1626:b87edb32-d7ed-46e0-8dd1-17cf38656899
1538:07e75567-c4a6-4aeb-bb0a-3e8654e70739
1364:Osmia Identification Guide (female)
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1204:spp. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)".
913:Zurbuchen, A.; et al. (2010).
847:. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.
716:species are very docile and rarely
397:. The former two are native to the
343:Worksheet cycle of larvae to cocoon
1369:Osmia Identification Guide (male)
1332:How to manage the blue orchard bee
1206:Bulletin of Entomological Research
1116:"Nesting Activity and Behavior of
808:Sedivy, C.D.; et al. (2013).
25:
1076:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00876.x
1010:Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis
932:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01675.x
877:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02024.x
858:Sedivy, C.; et al. (2012).
827:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02013.x
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517:When the bees emerge from their
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1124:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
599:and other genera in the family
493:Eastern snail shell mason bee (
1:
780:Michener, Charles D. (2007).
618:and other bees in the family
1310:Dogterom, Margeriet (2002).
458:Alexander Teixeira de Mattos
431:between their claws, unlike
963:Osmia (Ozbekosmia) avosetta
202:>300 species, including
1719:
1169:10.1038/s41598-020-75566-9
841:Fabre, Jean-Henri (1914).
1314:. Beediverse Publishing.
1016:American Museum Novitates
967:American Museum Novitates
919:Journal of Animal Ecology
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61:Scientific classification
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1384:Palaearctic Osmiine Bees
391:, and the red mason bee
678:to improve pollination
572:Anatomy and morphology
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1647:Paleobiology Database
1379:Worldwide Species Map
1263:Canadian Entomologist
782:The Bees of the World
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1533:Fauna Europaea (new)
1008:"Biology of the Bee
385:, the hornfaced bee
379:, the blueberry bee
1137:10.1155/2012/814097
894:National Geographic
710:European honey bees
468:Unlike honey bees (
456:and his translator
1218:10.1079/BER2001139
1157:Scientific Reports
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236:Osmia caerulescens
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1634:Open Tree of Life
1395:Taxon identifiers
583:have three small
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250:Osmia californica
243:Osmia calaminthae
208:Osmia atriventris
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16:(Redirected from
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257:Osmia cornifrons
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844:The Mason-Bees
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128:Megachilidae
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1559:iNaturalist
1427:Wikispecies
1212:(1): 3–16.
1130:: e814097.
690:O. bicornis
686:O. lignaria
682:pollinators
607:Pollination
542:O. avosetta
449:Chalicodoma
403:O. lignaria
394:O. bicornis
376:O. lignaria
134:Subfamily:
118:Hymenoptera
1692:Categories
1284:10214/2431
1100:2021-11-05
756:References
694:O. cornuta
654:Management
537:palearctic
476:bumblebees
464:Life cycle
411:Palearctic
98:Arthropoda
37:Mason bee
1348:3 October
1095:Wiley.com
1069:: 28–42.
1032:2246/5964
971:CiteSeerX
820:: 35–54.
460:in 1914.
443:species.
440:Anthidium
434:Megachile
350:Mason bee
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
1468:BugGuide
1412:Wikidata
1293:54663884
1226:12020357
1187:33127931
1057:Hoplitis
1040:56412104
941:20233258
746:List of
724:See also
684:include
632:Rosaceae
539:species
415:Nearctic
399:Americas
196:Species
188:Linnaeus
124:Family:
94:Phylum:
88:Animalia
74:Domain:
1675:8329841
1577:1001002
1551:1337664
1499:2753366
1418:Q975164
1234:1942186
1178:7599227
993:3194027
750:species
660:acarine
519:cocoons
154:Genus:
148:Osmiini
144:Tribe:
114:Order:
108:Insecta
104:Class:
1672:uBio:
1652:152488
1639:356987
1623:NZOR:
1616:124287
1590:154377
1525:231969
1512:1OSMAG
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665:Varroa
585:ocelli
480:Bombus
429:arolia
425:scopae
190:, 1758
167:, 1806
165:Panzer
1698:Osmia
1660:Plazi
1572:IRMNG
1564:57674
1486:63GNP
1473:14967
1447:Osmia
1433:Osmia
1403:Osmia
1289:S2CID
1230:S2CID
1202:Osmia
1036:S2CID
989:S2CID
748:Osmia
718:sting
714:Osmia
674:Osmia
670:Osmia
647:Osmia
643:Osmia
639:Osmia
628:Osmia
624:Osmia
616:Osmia
612:Osmia
597:Osmia
593:scopa
589:Osmia
581:Osmia
577:Osmia
561:Osmia
557:pupal
533:snail
531:, in
525:Osmia
484:Osmia
474:) or
421:Osmia
368:nests
359:Osmia
159:Osmia
18:Osmia
1611:NCBI
1585:ITIS
1546:GBIF
1507:EPPO
1460:4940
1455:BOLD
1350:2017
1337:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1248:link
1222:PMID
1183:PMID
1128:2012
937:PMID
786:ISBN
662:and
471:Apis
413:and
405:and
354:bees
1598:NBN
1494:EoL
1481:CoL
1442:ADW
1279:hdl
1271:doi
1267:140
1214:doi
1173:PMC
1165:doi
1132:doi
1071:doi
1067:167
1028:hdl
1020:doi
981:doi
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