1166:
1310:
1384:, South Australia, had an average time between hatching and fledging of 69 days. The same study found an average of 0.66 young fledged per year per occupied territory, and 0.92 young fledged per year per active nest. Some 22% of surviving young either remained on the island or returned at maturity to join the breeding population. When food is scarce, the first chicks to hatch are most likely to survive. The typical lifespan is 7–10 years, though rarely individuals can grow to as old as 20–25 years. The oldest European wild osprey on record lived to be over thirty years of age.
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874:
924:, and its talons are rounded, rather than grooved. The osprey and owls are the only raptors whose outer toe is reversible, allowing them to grasp their prey with two toes in front and two behind. This is particularly helpful when they grab slippery fish. The osprey is 0.9–2.1 kg (2.0–4.6 lb) in weight and 50–66 cm (20–26 in) in length with a 127–180 cm (50–71 in) wingspan. It is, thus, of similar size to the largest members of the
109:
1412:
the dark hours, particularly in crossings over water and cover on average 260–280 km (160–170 mi) per day with a maximum of 431 km (268 mi) per day. European birds may also winter in South Asia, as indicated by an osprey tagged in Norway being monitored in western India. In the
Mediterranean, ospreys show partial migratory behaviour with some individuals remaining resident, whilst others undertake relatively short migration trips.
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1023:
4203:
1340:, where there are 14 or so similar nesting sites of which five to seven are used in any one year. Many are renovated each season, and some have been used for 70 years. The nest is a large heap of sticks, driftwood, turf, or seaweed built in forks of trees, rocky outcrops, utility poles, artificial platforms, or offshore islets. As wide as 2 meters and weighing about 135 kg (298 lb), large nests on utility poles may be
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1294:
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84:
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1593:, the osprey is typically depicted as a white eagle, often maintaining a fish in its talons or beak, and termed a "sea-eagle". It is historically regarded as a symbol of vision and abundance; more recently it has become a symbol of positive responses to nature, and has been featured on more than 50 international
1177:, with fish making up 99% of its diet. It typically takes live fish weighing 150–300 g (5.3–10.6 oz) and about 25–35 cm (9.8–13.8 in) in length, but virtually any type of fish from 50 g (1.8 oz) to 2 kg (4.4 lb) can be taken. Even larger 2.8 kg (6.2 lb)
1420:
Swedish ospreys have a significantly higher mortality rate during migration seasons than during stationary periods, with more than half of the total annual mortality occurring during migration. These deaths can also be categorized into spatial patterns: Spring mortality occurs mainly in Africa, which
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within a month and relies on the size of the nest to conserve heat. The eggs are whitish with bold splotches of reddish-brown and are about 6.2 cm × 4.5 cm (2.4 in × 1.8 in) and weigh about 65 g (2.3 oz). The eggs are incubated for about 35–43 days to hatching.
1208:
Ospreys have a vision that is well adapted to detecting underwater objects from the air. Prey is first sighted when the osprey is 10–40 m (33–131 ft) above the water, after which the bird hovers momentarily and then plunges feet first into the water. They catch fish by diving into a body of
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The osprey has a large range, covering 9,670,000 km (3,730,000 sq mi) in just Africa and the
Americas, and has a large global population estimated at 460,000 individuals. Although global population trends have not been quantified, the species is not believed to approach the thresholds
971:
The sexes appear fairly similar, but the adult male can be distinguished from the female by its slimmer body and narrower wings. The breast band of the male is also weaker than that of the female or is non-existent, and the underwing coverts of the male are more uniformly pale. It is straightforward
1411:
Studies of
Swedish ospreys showed that females tend to migrate to Africa earlier than males. More stopovers are made during their autumn migration. The variation of timing and duration in autumn was more variable than in spring. Although migrating predominantly during the day, they sometimes fly in
1371:
has been recorded. The breeding season varies according to latitude: spring (September–October) in southern
Australia, April to July in northern Australia, and winter (June–August) in southern Queensland. In spring, the pair begins a five-month period of partnership to raise their young. The female
1457:
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the main threats to osprey populations were egg collectors and hunting of the adults along with other birds of prey, but osprey populations declined drastically in many areas in the 1950s and 1960s; this appeared to be in part due to the toxic effects of
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in the United States, they may not start breeding until five to seven years old, and there may be a shortage of suitable tall structures. If there are no nesting sites available, young ospreys may be forced to delay breeding. To ease this problem, posts are sometimes erected to provide more sites
951:
The upperparts are a deep, glossy brown, while the breast is white, sometimes streaked with brown, and the underparts are pure white. The head is white with a dark mask across the eyes, reaching to the sides of the neck. The irises of the eyes are golden to brown, and the transparent nictitating
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The osprey is mentioned in the famous
Chinese folk poem "guan guan ju jiu" (關關雎鳩); "ju jiu" 雎鳩 refers to the osprey, and "guan guan" (關關) to its voice. In the poem, the osprey is considered to be an icon of fidelity and harmony between wife and husband, due to its highly monogamous habits. Some
975:
The juvenile osprey may be identified by buff fringes to the plumage of the upperparts, a buff tone to the underparts, and streaked feathers on the head. During spring, barring on the underwings and flight feathers is a better indicator of a young bird, due to wear on the upperparts.
850:
1364:, U.S. The nesting platform plans and materials list, available online, have been utilized by people from a number of different geographical regions. There is a global site for mapping osprey nest locations and logging observations on reproductive success.
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on the underside of the toes, closable nostrils to keep out water during dives, backward-facing scales on the talons which act as barbs to help hold its catch and dense plumage which is oily and prevents its feathers from getting waterlogged.
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metabolism which resulted in thin-shelled, easily broken or infertile eggs. Possibly because of the banning of DDT in many countries in the early 1970s, together with reduced persecution, the osprey, as well as other affected
1357:
1062:, wintering further south from the southern United States through to Argentina. It is found in summer throughout Europe north into Ireland, Scandinavia, Finland and Great Britain though not Iceland, and winters in
2076:
Monti, F.; Delfour, F.; Arnal, V.; Zenboudji, S.; Duriez, O.; Montgelard, C. (2018). "Genetic connectivity among osprey populations and consequences for conservation: philopatry versus dispersal as key factors".
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playing the meadowlark's song on his smartphone over the House microphone. A compromise was reached in SCR 18, which was passed on the last day of the session, designating the western meadowlark as the state
2910:
Adrianova, Olga V. & Boris N. Kashevarov. "Some results of long-term raptor monitoring in the
Kostomuksha Nature Reserve." Status of Raptor Populations in Eastern Fennoscandia. Kostomuksha (2005).
853:
858:
856:
852:
851:
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359:, nesting in any location near a body of water providing an adequate food supply. It is found on all continents except Antarctica, although in South America it occurs only as a non-breeding
352:, reaching more than 60 cm (24 in) in length and 180 cm (71 in) across the wings. It is brown on the upperparts and predominantly greyish on the head and underparts.
2735:
583:– the Australasian osprey is the smallest and most distinctive subspecies that occurs along the entire marine coastline of Australia and some larger freshwater rivers as well as in
855:
1918:
Catanach, T.A.; Halley, M.R.; Pirro, S. (2024). "Enigmas no longer: using ultraconserved elements to place several unusual hawk taxa and address the non-monophyly of the genus
1442:
for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e., declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations), and for these reasons, the species is evaluated as
366:
As its other common names suggest, the osprey's diet consists almost exclusively of fish. It possesses specialised physical characteristics and unique behaviour in hunting its
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water, oftentimes completely submerging their entire bodies. As an osprey dives it adjusts the angle of its flight to account for the distortion of the fish's image caused by
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in 1809. The genus is the sole member of the family
Pandionidae. The species has always presented a riddle to taxonomists, but here it is treated as the sole
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948:
measures 38 to 52 cm (15 to 20 in), the tail measures 16.5 to 24 cm (6.5 to 9.4 in) and the tarsus is 5.2–6.6 cm (2.0–2.6 in).
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1637:
of the late 19th century and used in hats including those used as part of the army uniform. Despite their name, these plumes were actually obtained from
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2606:
Monti, Flavio; Duriez, Olivier; Arnal, Véronique; Dominici, Jean-Marie; Sforzi, Andrea; Fusani, Leonida; Grémillet, David; Montgelard, Claudine (2015).
1351:
Generally, ospreys reach sexual maturity and begin breeding around the age of three to four, though in some regions with high osprey densities, such as
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European breeders winter in Africa. American and
Canadian breeders winter in South America, although some stay in the southernmost U.S. states such as
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1425:. Mortality can also occur through mishaps with human utilities, such as nesting near overhead electric cables or collisions with aircraft.
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1042:, and is one of only six land-birds with a worldwide distribution. It is found in temperate and tropical regions of all continents, except
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There was a medieval belief that fish were so mesmerised by the osprey that they turned belly-up in surrender, and this is referenced by
891:
4838:
960:. A short tail and long, narrow wings with four long, finger-like feathers, and a shorter fifth, give it a very distinctive appearance.
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The osprey breeds near freshwater lakes and rivers, and sometimes on coastal brackish waters. Rocky outcrops just offshore are used in
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Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
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3711:
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Ames, P. (1966). "DDT Residues in the eggs of the Osprey in the North-eastern United States and their relation to nesting success".
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2017:
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Monti, F.; Grémillet, D.; Sforzi, A.; Sammuri, G.; Dominici, J.M.; Bagur, R.T.; Navarro, A.M.; Fusani, L.; Duriez, O. (2018).
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1945:
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Klaassen, R. H. G.; Hake, M.; Strandberg, R.; Koks, B.J.; Trierweiler, C.; Exo, K.-M.; Bairlein, F.; Alerstam, T. (2013).
2189:
683:. However, they are not complete enough to assign to a specific genus. Another Pandionidae claw fossil was recovered from
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2104:
4266:
2258:
1820:
439:
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Alerstam, T.; Hake, M.; Kjellén, N. (2006). "Temporal and spatial patterns of repeated migratory journeys by ospreys".
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islands. It has a very pale head and breast and a weak eye mask. It is non-migratory. Its scientific name commemorates
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3511:"When and where does mortality occur in migratory birds? Direct evidence from long-term satellite tracking of raptors"
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are not unequivocally separable. There are four generally recognised subspecies, although differences are small, and
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genera. The subspecies are fairly close in size, with the nominate subspecies averaging 1.53 kg (3.4 lb),
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4471:
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1849:
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31:
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956:, and the feet are white with black talons. On the underside of the wings the wrists are black, which serves as a
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823:
108:
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1213:. Ospreys will typically eat on a nearby perch but have also been known to carry fish for longer distances.
672:
555:
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428:
35:
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1652:'s status as the state bird versus the osprey. The sometimes-spirited debate included state representative
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reported that parent ospreys made their young fly up to the sun as a test, and dispatched any that failed.
548:, except Chile and Patagonia. It is larger, darker bodied and has a paler breast than the European osprey.
474:
to the family
Accipitridae. It is estimated that the two families diverged around 50.8 million years ago.
467:
431:
as Europe, but in 1761 he restricted the locality to Sweden. The osprey is the only species placed in the
4257:
2058:
1446:. There is evidence for regional decline in South Australia where former territories at locations in the
1380:
The newly hatched chicks weigh only 50–60 g (1.8–2.1 oz), but fledge in 8–10 weeks. A study on
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4344:
1443:
1159:
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645:
578:
203:
3347:"Migration Strategies and Wintering Areas of North American ospreys as Revealed by Satellite Telemetry"
1708:
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664:. A number of claw fossils have been recovered from Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments in Florida and
640:
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The osprey is unusual in that it is a sole living species that occurs nearly worldwide. Even the few
1562:
1117:, where it probably was wiped out by arriving humans. It is possible it may once have ranged across
4530:
4494:
3109:
2838:
2572:
2396:
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1789:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 279.
1535:
1361:
512:
73:
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1809:(in Latin) (2nd ed.). Stockholmiae: Sumtu & Literis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 22.
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3675:
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2795:
2608:"Being cosmopolitan: evolutionary history and phylogeography of a specialized raptor, the Osprey
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103:
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1982:
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of the family Pandionidae, and the family listed in its traditional place as part of the order
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2013:
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Fauna svecica, sistens animalia sveciae regni mammalia, aves amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes
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1265:
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1039:
1022:
496:
382:
277:
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2155:(2006). "An osprey (Aves: Accipitridae: Pandioninae) from the early Oligocene of Germany".
1764:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 91.
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as well. It is an uncommon to fairly common winter visitor to all parts of South Asia, and
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Another odd legend regarding this fish-eating bird of prey, derived from the writings of
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3278:
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A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Southeast Asia including the Philippines and Borneo
2783:
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and found patchily around the coastline, though it is a non-breeding visitor to eastern
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4207:
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2607:
2138:
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suitable for nest building. The nesting platform design developed by the organization
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913:
809:
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The oldest recognized family Pandionidae fossils were recovered from the Oligocene age
665:
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180:
170:
1260:. Reports of ospreys feeding on carrion are rare. They have been observed eating dead
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4577:
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93:
88:
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species, have made significant recoveries. In South Australia, nesting sites on the
1301:
234:
4778:
4751:
4393:
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4195:
4160:
3478:"Migration and wintering strategies in vulnerable Mediterranean Osprey populations"
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471:
463:
451:
443:
341:
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Poole, A.F.; Bierregaard, R.O.; Martell, M.S. (2002). Poole, A.; Gill, F. (eds.).
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1759:
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are vulnerable to unmanaged coastal recreation and encroaching urban development.
963:
540:– the American or North American osprey occurs from Alaska and Canada to much of
4712:
4458:
4354:
1931:
890:
4608:
4590:
4538:
4251:
4021:
3552:"Human–Osprey Conflicts: Industry, Utilities, Communication, and Transportation"
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2152:
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that suit its piscivorous lifestyle. These include reversible outer toes, sharp
1081:
There is a 1,000 km (620 mi) gap, corresponding with the coast of the
921:
692:
587:. It is not migratory. Some authorities have assigned it full species-status as
4035:
2549:
The Raptors of Europe & the Middle East: A Handbook of Field Identification
2458:
4746:
3981:
2923:
Ferguson-Lees, J.; Christie, D.A.; Franklin, K.; Mead, D.; Burton, P. (2001).
2636:
2332:. Boston: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc. and Houghton Mifflin Company.
2090:
1857:
1780:
1516:
commentators have claimed that "ju jiu" in the poem is not the osprey but the
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1201:
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904:
731:
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334:
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are obscure; the word itself was first recorded around 1460, derived via the
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3527:
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1577:
1174:
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1134:
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1027:
561:
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has placed it together with the other diurnal raptors in a greatly enlarged
393:
338:
120:
59:
4445:
4242:
3853:
3536:
3321:
Mullarney, Killian; Svensson, Lars; Zetterstrom, Dan; Grant, Peter (2001).
2655:
1192:
1038:
The osprey is the second most widely distributed raptor species, after the
972:
to determine the sex in a breeding pair, but harder with individual birds.
3928:"Lawmakers adjourn 2017 session with mixed results for biggest priorities"
2987:
Hawks in flight : the flight identification of North American raptors
2493:. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. 1999. Archived from
1281:
401:
4772:
4236:
4092:
1658:
1590:
1373:
1075:
979:
In flight, the osprey has arched wings and drooping "hands", giving it a
584:
140:
4318:
495:– the Eurasian osprey is the nominate subspecies that occurs across the
4800:
4792:
4647:
4507:
4303:
3679:
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2314:
2168:
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1204:. Characteristically its tongue often pokes out whilst swallowing food.
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1118:
1059:
727:
649:
619:
356:
17:
4543:
3494:
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1358:
Citizens United to Protect the Maurice River and Its Tributaries, Inc.
450:. Other schemes place it alongside the hawks and eagles in the family
4025:
3382:
Martell, M.S.; Mcmillian, M.A.; Solensky, M.J.; Mealey, B.K. (2004).
2950:
2900:(Report). U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.
1237:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1186:
1110:
1047:
504:
130:
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3671:
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2898:
Status Reports on Twelve Raptors: Special Scientific Report Wildlife
2791:
2306:
370:. Because of its unique characteristics it is classified in its own
4432:
4406:
3995:
2675:
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Eastern Region
41:"River hawk" redirects here. For sports teams using this name, see
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Concepts of nature: a Chinese-European cross-cultural perspective
991:. If disturbed by activity near the nest, the call is a frenzied
983:
appearance. The call is a series of sharp whistles, described as
4660:
4161:
buzzards, eagles, harriers, hawks, kites, and Old World vultures
1827:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Imprimerie impériale. pp.
1245:
1241:
1225:
1122:
980:
953:
367:
150:
4217:
4096:
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Robbins, C. S.; Bruun, Bertel; Zim, H. S.; Singer, A. (1983).
1527:
used a grey wandering osprey as a representation of sorrow in
1459:
2766:
Dennis, T.E. (2007). "Distribution and status of the Osprey (
2259:
2251:
2243:
2129:
Olson, S.L. (1985). "Chapter 2. The fossil record of birds".
1305:
Osprey standing next to its nest showing their relative sizes
786:
777:
768:
759:
750:
713:
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2523:(Revised ed.). New York: Golden Press. pp. 78–79.
872:
3384:"Partial migration and wintering use of Florida by ospreys"
3261:
Dennis, T.E. (2007). "Reproductive activity in the Osprey (
409:
The osprey was described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
307:
295:
2966:(683). Philadelphia, PA: The Birds of North America, Inc.
1462:
on reproduction. The pesticide interfered with the bird's
626:
described by Stuart L. Warter in 1976 was found in marine
283:
3455:"Recovery of a Norwegian ringed Osprey in Gujarat, India"
2918:
2916:
3147:. Kenmore Hills, Queensland: G. Beruldsen. p. 196.
2402:
The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds
2330:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1633:
So-called "osprey" plumes were an important item in the
1600:
In 1994, the osprey was declared the provincial bird of
656:
and possibly represents a separate lineage from that of
3702:. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. p.
3171:. CBC News - British Columbia, Canada. 28 November 2014
3169:"Osprey nest moved by BC Hydro crews weighs 300 pounds"
2010:
A passion for Birds: American ornithology after Audubon
1512:, was that it had one webbed foot and one taloned foot.
2989:(Second ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
1400:. Some ospreys from Florida migrate to South America.
952:
membrane is pale blue. The bill is black, with a blue
4179:
2815:
Extinction and Biogeography in Tropical Pacific Birds
1858:"Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors"
1520:, since the osprey cannot make the sound "guan guan".
286:
2843:
Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide Vols 1 & 2
2428:
2426:
304:
301:
292:
289:
4762:
4226:
4134:
1189:. The species rarely scavenges dead or dying fish.
1113:remains of adults and juveniles have been found in
280:
3900:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (1906).
2949:
1709:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22694938A206628879.en
912:The osprey differs in several respects from other
470:analysis has found that the family Pandionidae is
4089:Montana Osprey Project, hosted by the Cornell Lab
4012:at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
3816:. Archived from the original on 16 September 2000
3629:. London: Chatto & Windus. pp. 136–141.
2740:. Ringwood, Victoria: Viking O'Neil. p. 66.
916:birds of prey. Its toes are of equal length, its
2368:Simpson, J.; Weiner, E., eds. (1989). "Osprey".
2133:. Vol. 8. Academic Press. pp. 79–238.
1989:. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
30:"Fish hawk" redirects here. For other uses, see
1648:, there was a short-lived controversy over the
4049:– USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
3325:. Princeton University Press. pp. 74–75.
3256:
3254:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2551:. Princeton University Press. pp. 21–25.
2293:Livingston, C.H. (1943). "Osprey and Ostril".
1089:and the nearest breeding sites to the west in
4108:
4064:Osprey Nest Monitoring Program at OspreyWatch
3459:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
3038:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2845:. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions.
2012:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
691:basin, Germany, and was described in 2006 by
8:
3691:
3689:
3658:(Suppl). British Ecological Society: 87–97.
3138:
3136:
3134:
3077:
3075:
2215:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
2035:Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds
438:that was introduced by the French zoologist
3725:
3723:
1825:Description de l'Égypte: Histoire naturelle
1566:The osprey pictured in the coat of arms of
1437:Adults on a man-made nest in New Jersey, US
1085:, between its westernmost breeding site in
622:species were named from the fossil record.
4214:
4115:
4101:
4093:
4028:
3599:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
2891:
2889:
2887:
2734:Simpson, K.; Day, N.; Trusler, P. (1993).
2542:
2540:
2433:Ferguson-Lees, J.; Christie, D.A. (2001).
1551:As is the osprey to the fish, who takes it
944:averaging 1.25 kg (2.8 lb). The
233:
82:
58:
49:
4070:Ospreys Rebound, Rely On Help From Humans
4018:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
3908:. Vol. 2, no. 3. pp. 29–30
3852:. Province of Nova Scotia. Archived from
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3567:
3526:
3493:
3356:. Microwave Telemetry Inc. Archived from
2667:
2665:
2645:
2635:
2391:
2389:
2372:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2157:Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
1924:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1707:
3309:Ospreys, A Natural and Unnatural History
3265:) on Kangaroo Island, South Australia".
2482:
2480:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
967:In flight, Northern Territory, Australia
940:averaging 1.7 kg (3.7 lb) and
4186:
3734:. London: Aquarian Press. p. 170.
3085:A field guide to Hawks of North America
2192:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
1954:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1673:
1644:During the 2017 regular session of the
1529:The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems
1367:Ospreys usually mate for life. Rarely,
355:The osprey tolerates a wide variety of
3827:
3145:Australian Birds: Their Nests and Eggs
2709:. London: Dorling Kindersley. p.
1775:
1773:
1771:
1679:
1677:
1360:has become the official design of the
1169:Osprey with scraps of fish on its beak
902:
3998:at eBird (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
3788:. Vol. 31. BoD–Books on Demand.
3755:H. U. Vogel; G. N. Dux, eds. (2010).
3625:Cocker, Mark; Mabey, Richard (2005).
3119:. Michigan Natural Features Inventory
2737:Field Guide to the Birds of Australia
2678:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p.
2218:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1864:. International Ornithologists' Union
1844:
1842:
1783:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
1216:Occasionally, the osprey may prey on
837:. However, this term referred to the
7:
4806:4AC02A13-AB28-455E-90DA-6D899E80079B
4485:762ac6f4-8808-419f-a44f-b7a7fa4a2f05
3814:Birds of the World on Postage Stamps
2581:. Houghton Mifflin Company. p.
2033:Christidis, L.; Boles, W.E. (2008).
1034:attempting to steal a fish it caught
4829:IUCN Red List least concern species
4038:The Atlas of Southern African Birds
3082:Clark, W.S.; Wheeler, B.K. (1987).
2870:. Singapore: Periplus. p. 70.
1695:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
462:, but this results in an unnatural
3785:Language and Value: ProtoSociology
3782:Jiang, Yi; Lepore, Ernest (2015).
2139:10.1016/B978-0-12-249408-6.50011-X
1922:(Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)".
1885:"Sibley's Classification of Birds"
1046:. In North America it breeds from
527:and much of the African coastline.
25:
4864:Provincial symbols of Nova Scotia
4010:Pandion haliaetus species account
3732:Symbolic and Mythological Animals
3699:Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery
2672:Bull, J.; Farrand, J. Jr (1987).
1141:, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
560:– Ridgway's osprey occurs in the
4854:Extant Miocene first appearances
4201:
4189:
3980:
2706:RSPB Birds of Britain and Europe
2405:. New York, NY: Knopf. pp.
1862:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
1786:Check-List of Birds of the World
1734:(9th ed.). Chambers. 2003.
903:Problems playing this file? See
888:
276:
107:
4849:Birds of the Dominican Republic
4059:USDA Forest Service osprey data
2817:. University of Chicago Press.
1684:BirdLife International (2021).
2927:. Helm Identification Guides.
1454:have been vacant for decades.
1421:can be traced to crossing the
1:
3916:– via Internet Archive.
3432:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.05.016
1297:Preparing to mate on the nest
597:. A 2018 genetic study using
4006:at VIREO (Drexel University)
3591:Kirschbaum, K.; Watkins, P.
3088:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
2437:. Houghton Mifflin Company.
1661:and the osprey as the state
1196:Osprey feeding on a fish in
1066:. In Australia it is mainly
826:notes a connection with the
634:age in the southern part of
485:lists only the first three.
4869:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3032:Pandion haliaetus haliaetus
2348:Online Etymology Dictionary
523:, the Indian subcontinent,
490:Pandion haliaetus haliaetus
4890:
4839:Falconiformes (sensu lato)
3652:Journal of Applied Ecology
3556:Journal of Raptor Research
3391:Journal of Raptor Research
2960:The Birds of North America
2578:A Field Guide to the Birds
2467:Cornell Lab of Ornithology
2260:
2252:
2244:
1932:10.1093/biolinnean/blae028
1895:(2): 91–98. Archived from
1821:Savigny, Marie Jules César
1553:By sovereignty of nature.
1015:
787:
778:
769:
767:) from the combining form
760:
751:
714:
40:
32:Fish Hawk (disambiguation)
29:
4087:Hellgate Ospreys Bird Cam
3834:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3515:Journal of Animal Ecology
2841:; Anderton, J.C. (2005).
2637:10.1186/s12862-015-0535-6
2370:Oxford English Dictionary
2212:Jobling, James A (2010).
2091:10.1007/s10592-018-1058-7
1702:: e.T22694938A206628879.
824:Oxford English Dictionary
815:"bird of prey," from the
609:and the other subspecies.
531:P. haliaetus carolinensis
440:Marie Jules César Savigny
427:. Linnaeus specified the
321:), historically known as
256:
249:
241:
232:
209:
202:
104:Scientific classification
102:
80:
71:
66:
57:
52:
4531:osprey-pandion-haliaetus
4080:Documentary produced by
3988:The Fish Hawk, or Osprey
3569:10.3356/jrr-ospr-13-04.1
3193:. Chesapeake Bay Program
2616:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1981:Tesky, Julie L. (1993).
1856:, eds. (December 2023).
1623:National Football League
1549:I think he'll be to Rome
1093:. In the islands of the
1012:Distribution and habitat
456:Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy
4874:Birds described in 1758
4076:5 February 2015 at the
4036:Osprey species text in
3996:Explore Species: Osprey
3550:Washburn, B.E. (2014).
3528:10.1111/1365-2656.12135
3213:"Osprey platform plans"
2770:) in South Australia".
2276:A Greek–English Lexicon
1732:The Chambers Dictionary
1325:Egg, collection of the
1276:The osprey has several
673:Jebel Qatrani Formation
652:; it dates to the Late
36:Osprey (disambiguation)
3761:. Vol. 1. Brill.
3453:Mundkur, Taej (1988).
3354:Newsletter Winter 2000
3234:"Project Osprey Watch"
3143:Beruldsen, G. (2003).
2547:Forsman, Dick (2008).
2521:Birds of North America
1883:Salzman, Eric (1993).
1585:
1570:
1555:
1438:
1329:
1318:
1306:
1298:
1205:
1170:
1162:
1035:
968:
877:
867:
743:
573:P. haliaetus cristatus
468:Molecular phylogenetic
406:
398:
4695:Paleobiology Database
4016:UK Osprey Information
3990:by John James Audubon
3902:"Birds and Millinery"
3730:Cooper, J.C. (1992).
3696:de Vries, Ad (1976).
3405:26 April 2012 at the
3028:Goenka, D.N. (1985).
2813:Steadman, D. (2006).
2295:Modern Language Notes
2267:Liddell, Henry George
2079:Conservation Genetics
2008:Barrow, M.V. (1998).
1584:was a stylized osprey
1576:
1565:
1547:
1458:insecticides such as
1436:
1324:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1195:
1168:
1160:American gizzard shad
1157:
1145:Behaviour and ecology
1030:, being pursued by a
1025:
966:
876:
861:
833:or "bone breaker" of
648:in 1985 and found in
638:. The second species
601:data showed only low
552:P. haliaetus ridgwayi
499:and several parts of
404:
396:
67:Standing on its nest
4480:Fauna Europaea (new)
4055:Animal Diversity Web
4004:Osprey photo gallery
3065:Animal Diversity Web
3034:) preying on a Gull"
2925:Raptors of the world
2896:Evans, D.L. (1982).
2866:Strange, M. (2000).
2573:Peterson, Roger Tory
2435:Raptors of the World
2037:. Csiro Publishing.
1538:in Act 4 Scene 5 of
1525:William Butler Yeats
1450:and along the lower
1404:ospreys tend not to
1185:) has been taken in
1137:and southern China,
624:Pandion homalopteron
593:, also known as the
3906:Bird Notes and News
3664:1966JApEc...3...87A
3279:2007EmuAO.107..300D
2784:2007EmuAO.107..294D
2628:2015BMCEE..15..255M
2328:Morris, W. (1969).
2059:"Pandion cristatus"
1617:are a professional
1483:Cultural depictions
1362:State of New Jersey
1097:it is found in the
866:, Hamilton, Ontario
734:. The species name
726:and grandfather of
513:Kamchatka Peninsula
405:Australasian osprey
74:Conservation status
4844:Cosmopolitan birds
4168:New World vultures
4082:Oregon Field Guide
3876:"Seattle Seahawks"
3114:s Linnaeus Osprey"
3015:The Peregrine Fund
2985:Dunne, P. (2012).
2972:10.2173/tbna.683.p
2473:P. h. carolinensis
2195:A Latin Dictionary
2169:10.1007/BF03043637
1852:; Donsker, David;
1650:western meadowlark
1646:Oregon Legislature
1586:
1571:
1439:
1330:
1319:
1307:
1299:
1206:
1171:
1163:
1036:
1018:Ospreys in Britain
969:
938:P. h. carolinensis
878:
868:
758:"sea-eagle" (also
677:Faiyum Governorate
646:Jonathan J. Becker
603:genetic divergence
511:east to Japan and
501:sub-Saharan Africa
407:
399:
346:cosmopolitan range
4859:Symbols of Oregon
4816:
4815:
4752:Pandion-haliaetus
4682:Open Tree of Life
4394:pandion-haliaetus
4296:Pandion_haliaetus
4283:Pandion_haliaetus
4258:Pandion haliaetus
4228:Pandion haliaetus
4220:Taxon identifiers
4177:
4176:
4046:Pandion haliaetus
3985:The full text of
3595:Pandion haliaetus
3495:10.1111/ibi.12567
3263:Pandion haliaetus
3058:Pandion haliaetus
2996:978-0-395-70959-7
2953:Pandion haliaetus
2824:978-0-226-77142-7
2768:Pandion haliaetus
2703:Hume, R. (2002).
2610:Pandion haliaetus
2592:978-0-395-91176-1
2558:978-0-85661-098-1
2444:978-0-618-12762-7
2229:978-1-4081-2501-4
1985:Pandion haliaetus
1948:Pandion haliaetus
1854:Rasmussen, Pamela
1688:Pandion haliaetus
1619:American football
1493:The Roman writer
1372:lays two to four
1338:Western Australia
1336:off the coast of
1315:P h. carolinensis
1266:Virginia opossums
1262:white-tailed deer
1091:Western Australia
893:
859:
644:was described by
590:Pandion cristatus
582:
559:
539:
509:Iberian Peninsula
494:
318:Pandion haliaetus
268:
267:
244:Pandion haliaetus
213:Pandion haliaetus
195:P. haliaetus
97:
16:(Redirected from
4881:
4809:
4808:
4796:
4795:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4755:
4754:
4742:
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4729:
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4612:
4611:
4609:NBNSYS0000000292
4599:
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4309:5BCF1891777ED3D3
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3917:
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3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3880:www.seahawks.com
3872:
3866:
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3863:
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3846:
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3833:
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3746:
3745:
3727:
3718:
3717:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3627:Birds Britannica
3622:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3588:
3582:
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3571:
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3540:
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3497:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3420:Animal Behaviour
3415:
3409:
3398:
3388:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3351:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3318:
3312:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3258:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3238:Osprey-watch.org
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3140:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3112:Pandion haliaetu
3106:
3100:
3099:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3025:
3019:
3018:
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2597:
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2569:
2563:
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2544:
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2534:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2499:
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2484:
2475:
2470:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2393:
2384:
2383:
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2340:
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2325:
2319:
2318:
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2284:
2263:
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2255:
2254:
2247:
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2240:
2234:
2233:
2209:
2203:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1978:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1899:on 13 April 2018
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1777:
1766:
1765:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1681:
1615:Seattle Seahawks
1504:and recorded in
1344:and have caused
1327:Museum Wiesbaden
1099:Bismarck Islands
1040:peregrine falcon
1008:
1007:
1006:
1004:
895:
894:
875:
860:
790:
789:
781:
780:
772:
771:
763:
762:
754:
753:
717:
716:
687:deposits in the
641:Pandion lovensis
630:deposits of the
576:
554:
533:
497:Palearctic realm
493:(Linnaeus, 1758)
492:
466:classification.
417:in his landmark
348:. It is a large
314:
313:
310:
309:
306:
303:
298:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
263:
242:Global range of
237:
215:
112:
111:
91:
86:
85:
62:
50:
21:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4882:
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4819:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4804:
4799:
4791:
4786:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4764:Falco haliaetus
4758:
4750:
4745:
4737:
4732:
4724:
4719:
4711:
4706:
4698:
4693:
4685:
4680:
4672:
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4646:
4643:Observation.org
4641:
4633:
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4180:
4178:
4173:
4145:Sagittariidae (
4130:
4128:Accipitriformes
4121:
4078:Wayback Machine
3977:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3882:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3859:
3857:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3826:
3819:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3796:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3729:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3672:10.2307/2401447
3649:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3624:
3623:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3407:Wayback Machine
3386:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3323:Birds of Europe
3320:
3319:
3315:
3307:Poole, Alan F.
3306:
3302:
3287:10.1071/MU07010
3260:
3259:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3155:
3142:
3141:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2895:
2894:
2885:
2878:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2839:Rasmussen, P.C.
2837:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2792:10.1071/MU07009
2765:
2764:
2755:
2748:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2500:on 10 June 2012
2497:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2463:All About Birds
2457:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2307:10.2307/2911426
2292:
2291:
2287:
2281:Perseus Project
2241:
2237:
2230:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2200:Perseus Project
2188:
2184:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1980:
1979:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1779:
1778:
1769:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1671:
1631:
1611:
1560:
1552:
1550:
1523:The Irish poet
1502:Albertus Magnus
1495:Pliny the Elder
1490:
1485:
1477:Kangaroo Island
1431:
1418:
1390:
1382:Kangaroo Island
1334:Rottnest Island
1291:
1274:
1152:
1147:
1103:Solomon Islands
1087:South Australia
1083:Nullarbor Plain
1020:
1014:
1002:
1000:
999:
998:
942:P. h. cristatus
910:
909:
901:
899:
898:
897:
896:
889:
886:
879:
873:
864:Cootes Paradise
849:
847:
839:bearded vulture
835:Pliny the Elder
797:The origins of
703:The genus name
701:
685:Early Oligocene
658:P. homalopteron
616:
448:Accipitriformes
424:Systema Naturae
415:Falco haliaetus
413:under the name
397:American osprey
391:
385:, Pandionidae.
300:
279:
275:
261:
259:Falco haliaetus
228:
217:
211:
198:
161:Accipitriformes
106:
98:
87:
83:
76:
46:
39:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4887:
4885:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4834:Pandion (bird)
4831:
4821:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4797:
4784:
4768:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4743:
4730:
4717:
4704:
4691:
4678:
4665:
4652:
4639:
4626:
4613:
4600:
4587:
4574:
4561:
4548:
4535:
4522:
4512:
4499:
4489:
4476:
4467:Fauna Europaea
4463:
4450:
4437:
4424:
4411:
4398:
4385:
4372:
4359:
4349:
4336:
4323:
4313:
4300:
4287:
4274:
4263:
4248:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4211:
4210:
4198:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4164:
4159:Accipitridae (
4157:
4150:
4142:
4140:
4132:
4131:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4084:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4041:
4033:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4000:
3999:
3993:
3976:
3975:External links
3973:
3971:
3970:
3945:
3932:OregonLive.com
3919:
3892:
3867:
3856:on 23 May 2013
3841:
3801:
3794:
3774:
3768:978-9004185265
3767:
3747:
3740:
3719:
3712:
3685:
3642:
3635:
3610:
3583:
3562:(4): 387–395.
3542:
3521:(1): 176–184.
3501:
3488:(3): 554–567.
3468:
3445:
3426:(3): 555–566.
3410:
3374:
3363:on 12 May 2012
3338:
3331:
3313:
3300:
3273:(4): 300–307.
3250:
3225:
3204:
3182:
3160:
3153:
3130:
3101:
3094:
3071:
3047:
3020:
3002:
2995:
2977:
2940:
2933:
2912:
2903:
2883:
2876:
2858:
2852:978-8496553859
2851:
2830:
2823:
2805:
2778:(4): 294–299.
2753:
2746:
2726:
2719:
2695:
2688:
2661:
2598:
2591:
2564:
2557:
2536:
2529:
2511:
2476:
2450:
2443:
2422:
2415:
2385:
2378:
2360:
2335:
2320:
2285:
2235:
2228:
2204:
2182:
2144:
2121:
2096:
2085:(4): 839–851.
2068:
2050:
2044:978-0643065116
2043:
2025:
2018:
2000:
1966:
1937:
1910:
1875:
1838:
1812:
1801:Linnaeus, Carl
1792:
1767:
1756:Linnaeus, Carl
1747:
1740:
1722:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1630:
1627:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1595:postage stamps
1559:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1532:
1521:
1513:
1498:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1473:Eyre Peninsula
1430:
1427:
1417:
1414:
1389:
1386:
1353:Chesapeake Bay
1313:Osprey chick (
1290:
1287:
1273:
1270:
1173:The osprey is
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1127:Southeast Asia
1013:
1010:
900:
887:
882:
881:
880:
871:
870:
869:
846:
843:
810:Medieval Latin
724:king of Athens
700:
697:
666:South Carolina
628:Middle Miocene
615:
612:
611:
610:
599:microsatellite
595:eastern osprey
569:
566:Robert Ridgway
549:
528:
521:Southeast Asia
390:
387:
266:
265:
262:Linnaeus, 1758
254:
253:
247:
246:
239:
238:
230:
229:
218:
207:
206:
200:
199:
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190:
186:
185:
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163:
158:
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138:
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133:
128:
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118:
114:
113:
100:
99:
81:
78:
77:
72:
69:
68:
64:
63:
55:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4886:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4486:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4197:
4187:
4183:
4169:
4166:Cathartidae (
4165:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4152:Pandionidae (
4151:
4148:
4147:secretarybird
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4118:
4113:
4111:
4106:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3992:at Wikisource
3991:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3934:. 8 July 2017
3933:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3907:
3903:
3896:
3893:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3797:
3795:9783738622478
3791:
3787:
3786:
3778:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3751:
3748:
3743:
3741:1-85538-118-4
3737:
3733:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3713:0-7204-8021-3
3709:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3636:0-7011-6907-9
3632:
3628:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3598:
3596:
3587:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3546:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3502:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3375:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3334:
3332:0-691-05054-6
3328:
3324:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3156:
3154:0-646-42798-9
3150:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3115:
3113:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3095:0-395-36001-3
3091:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3051:
3048:
3044:(1): 193–194.
3043:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3030:"The Osprey (
3024:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2934:9780618127627
2930:
2926:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2877:962-593-403-0
2873:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2747:0-670-90478-3
2743:
2739:
2738:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2720:0-7513-1234-7
2716:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2696:
2691:
2689:0-394-41405-5
2685:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2530:0-307-37002-X
2526:
2522:
2515:
2512:
2496:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2416:0-394-46651-9
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2379:0-19-861186-2
2375:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2271:Scott, Robert
2268:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2239:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2131:Avian Biology
2125:
2122:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2019:0-691-04402-3
2015:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1741:0-550-10105-5
1737:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1582:Selous Scouts
1579:
1575:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:Least Concern
1435:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1423:Sahara desert
1415:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1375:
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1365:
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1349:
1347:
1346:power outages
1343:
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1223:
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1184:
1180:
1179:northern pike
1176:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:New Caledonia
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:south to the
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1026:An osprey in
1024:
1019:
1011:
1009:
1005:
996:
994:
990:
986:
985:cheep, cheep,
982:
977:
973:
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784:
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766:
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749:
746:) comes from
745:
741:
737:
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729:
725:
721:
712:
709:derives from
708:
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629:
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621:
614:Fossil record
613:
608:
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596:
592:
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574:
570:
567:
563:
557:
553:
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547:
546:South America
543:
537:
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529:
526:
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518:
515:, throughout
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
491:
488:
487:
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484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:Ciconiiformes
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:living member
441:
437:
434:
430:
429:type locality
426:
425:
420:
419:tenth edition
416:
412:
411:Carl Linnaeus
403:
395:
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204:Binomial name
201:
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101:
95:
90:
89:Least Concern
79:
75:
70:
65:
61:
56:
51:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
4763:
4227:
4153:
4135:
4069:
4045:
4037:
3987:
3961:. Retrieved
3957:
3948:
3936:. Retrieved
3931:
3922:
3912:18 September
3910:. Retrieved
3905:
3895:
3883:. Retrieved
3879:
3870:
3858:. Retrieved
3854:the original
3850:"The Osprey"
3844:
3818:. Retrieved
3813:
3804:
3784:
3777:
3757:
3750:
3731:
3698:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3626:
3601:. Retrieved
3594:
3586:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3394:
3390:
3377:
3365:. Retrieved
3358:the original
3353:
3341:
3322:
3316:
3308:
3303:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3243:30 September
3241:. Retrieved
3237:
3228:
3216:. Retrieved
3207:
3195:. Retrieved
3185:
3173:. Retrieved
3163:
3144:
3121:. Retrieved
3111:
3104:
3084:
3063:
3057:
3050:
3041:
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3031:
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3014:
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2548:
2520:
2514:
2504:30 September
2502:. Retrieved
2495:the original
2472:
2462:
2453:
2434:
2401:
2397:Terres, J.K.
2369:
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2347:
2338:
2329:
2323:
2301:(2): 91–98.
2298:
2294:
2288:
2274:
2238:
2214:
2207:
2193:
2185:
2163:(1): 93–96.
2160:
2156:
2153:Mayr, Gerald
2147:
2130:
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2106:
2099:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2062:
2053:
2034:
2028:
2009:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1984:
1957:. Retrieved
1947:
1940:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1897:the original
1892:
1888:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1861:
1824:
1815:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1760:
1750:
1731:
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1699:
1693:
1687:
1643:
1632:
1621:team in the
1612:
1548:
1539:
1528:
1518:mallard duck
1509:
1469:bird of prey
1456:
1452:Murray River
1448:Spencer Gulf
1440:
1429:Conservation
1419:
1410:
1402:Australasian
1391:
1379:
1366:
1350:
1342:fire hazards
1331:
1314:
1289:Reproduction
1275:
1215:
1207:
1182:
1172:
1158:Osprey with
1080:
1064:North Africa
1052:Newfoundland
1037:
997:
992:
988:
984:
978:
974:
970:
950:
941:
937:
931:
925:
911:
830:
820:avis praedae
819:
812:
805:
803:Anglo-French
798:
796:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
735:
710:
704:
702:
670:
662:P. haliaetus
661:
657:
654:Clarendonian
639:
623:
617:
606:
594:
588:
571:
551:
530:
489:
476:
464:paraphyletic
452:Accipitridae
435:
422:
414:
408:
378:
365:
354:
342:bird of prey
330:
326:
322:
317:
316:
271:
269:
258:
257:
243:
212:
210:
194:
193:
181:
47:
4630:Neotropical
4591:NatureServe
4539:iNaturalist
4252:Wikispecies
4053:Osprey Info
4024:media from
3958:state.or.us
3397:(1): 55–61.
3218:23 November
2222:, 290–291.
1993:6 September
1926:: blae028.
1903:5 September
1850:Gill, Frank
1781:Mayr, Ernst
1635:plume trade
1602:Nova Scotia
1558:Iconography
1536:Shakespeare
1278:adaptations
1272:Adaptations
1258:crustaceans
1250:salamanders
1183:Esox lucius
1175:piscivorous
1133:through to
1003:Osprey call
884:Osprey call
845:Description
822:though the
794:, "eagle".
693:Gerald Mayr
339:fish-eating
171:Pandionidae
4823:Categories
4779:Q122583299
4747:Xeno-canto
3963:15 October
3938:15 October
3367:2 December
2622:(1): 255.
2190:haliaeetos
2114:2 December
1959:26 October
1730:"osprey".
1669:References
1541:Coriolanus
1510:Chronicles
1488:Literature
1398:California
1211:refraction
1202:the Gambia
1056:Gulf Coast
1044:Antarctica
1032:bald eagle
1016:See also:
989:yewk, yewk
958:field mark
946:wing chord
922:reticulate
905:media help
862:Osprey at
813:avis prede
785:"sea" and
765:haliaietos
744:haliaeetus
732:Pandion II
636:California
632:Barstovian
525:Madagascar
479:subspecies
327:river hawk
43:Riverhawks
4044:Osprey –
3820:1 January
3603:3 January
3465:(1): 190.
3060:(Osprey)"
2951:"Osprey (
2177:140677653
1920:Accipiter
1654:Rich Vial
1604:, Canada.
1578:Cap badge
1568:Sääksmäki
1506:Holinshed
1416:Mortality
1388:Migration
1369:polyandry
1317:) in nest
1139:Indonesia
1135:Indochina
1068:sedentary
1028:Wisconsin
981:gull-like
831:ossifraga
761:ἁλιαίετος
756:haliáetos
736:haliaetus
699:Etymology
607:cristatus
562:Caribbean
503:from the
372:taxonomic
331:fish hawk
189:Species:
127:Kingdom:
121:Eukaryota
4773:Wikidata
4708:Species+
4596:2.105808
4583:22694938
4557:11334237
4420:45509079
4332:22694938
4327:BirdLife
4316:BioLib:
4237:Wikidata
4074:Archived
3954:"SCR 18"
3830:cite web
3810:"Osprey"
3578:30695523
3537:24102110
3440:53149787
3403:Archived
3295:85099678
3191:"Osprey"
3011:"Osprey"
2800:84883853
2656:26577665
2575:(1999).
2488:"Osprey"
2459:"Osprey"
2399:(1980).
2344:"Osprey"
2245:ἁλιάετος
1823:(1809).
1803:(1761).
1758:(1758).
1659:songbird
1591:heraldry
1282:spicules
1228:, other
1076:Tasmania
1072:Victoria
993:cheereek
808:and the
752:ἁλιάετος
720:mythical
605:between
585:Tasmania
579:Vieillot
507:and the
389:Taxonomy
357:habitats
323:sea hawk
251:Synonyms
221:Linnaeus
167:Family:
141:Chordata
137:Phylum:
131:Animalia
117:Domain:
94:IUCN 3.1
4801:ZooBank
4793:4408415
4508:2480726
4368:bob3010
4304:Avibase
4208:Animals
4182:Portals
3680:2401447
3660:Bibcode
3275:Bibcode
3197:4 April
2780:Bibcode
2647:4650845
2624:Bibcode
2407:644–646
2353:29 June
2315:2911426
2279:at the
2107:Pandion
2063:Avibase
1889:Birding
1868:13 June
1715:9 March
1625:(NFL).
1580:of the
1531:(1889).
1464:calcium
1406:migrate
1394:Florida
1238:turtles
1230:mammals
1222:rabbits
1218:rodents
1198:Kartung
1131:Myanmar
1119:Vanuatu
1095:Pacific
1060:Florida
914:diurnal
806:ospriet
728:Theseus
715:Πανδίων
711:Pandíōn
706:Pandion
650:Florida
620:extinct
581:, 1816)
556:Maynard
542:Central
538:, 1788)
436:Pandion
421:of his
379:Pandion
361:migrant
344:with a
335:diurnal
333:, is a
182:Pandion
177:Genus:
157:Order:
147:Class:
92: (
53:Osprey
18:Ospreys
4739:159377
4700:368439
4687:509837
4674:osprey
4661:159377
4635:osprey
4570:175590
4544:116999
4518:osprey
4515:GNAB:
4492:FEIS:
4454:EURING
4433:PNDNHA
4407:osprey
4355:osprey
4271:osprey
4243:Q25332
4154:osprey
4137:Family
4026:ARKive
4022:Osprey
3860:3 June
3792:
3765:
3738:
3710:
3678:
3633:
3576:
3535:
3438:
3400:mirror
3329:
3293:
3175:18 May
3151:
3123:11 May
3092:
2993:
2931:
2874:
2849:
2821:
2798:
2744:
2717:
2686:
2654:
2644:
2589:
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2527:
2441:
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2376:
2313:
2226:
2175:
2109:entry"
2041:
2016:
1738:
1663:raptor
1639:egrets
1609:Sports
1256:, and
1254:conchs
1234:snakes
1187:Russia
1111:fossil
1109:, and
1048:Alaska
799:osprey
722:Greek
718:, the
558:, 1887
536:Gmelin
505:Azores
472:sister
454:. The
383:family
381:, and
350:raptor
329:, and
272:osprey
4734:WoRMS
4726:12797
4713:10360
4622:56262
4552:IRMNG
4472:96736
4441:EUNIS
4402:eBird
4381:4CBTY
4352:BOW:
4345:12487
4196:Birds
4124:Order
3885:1 May
3676:JSTOR
3574:S2CID
3436:S2CID
3387:(PDF)
3361:(PDF)
3350:(PDF)
3291:S2CID
3117:(PDF)
2796:S2CID
2498:(PDF)
2491:(PDF)
2311:JSTOR
2261:ἀετός
2173:S2CID
1629:Other
1246:birds
1242:frogs
1226:hares
1129:from
1115:Tonga
933:Falco
927:Buteo
918:tarsi
828:Latin
817:Latin
792:aetos
788:ἀετός
774:hali-
748:Greek
740:Latin
689:Mainz
681:Egypt
517:South
433:genus
375:genus
4788:GBIF
4669:ODNR
4656:OBIS
4617:NCBI
4578:IUCN
4565:ITIS
4503:GBIF
4495:paha
4459:3010
4446:1176
4428:EPPO
4340:BOLD
4319:8540
3965:2017
3940:2017
3914:2023
3887:2024
3862:2013
3836:link
3822:2008
3790:ISBN
3763:ISBN
3736:ISBN
3708:ISBN
3631:ISBN
3605:2008
3533:PMID
3482:Ibis
3369:2008
3327:ISBN
3311:1989
3245:2013
3220:2011
3199:2013
3177:2016
3149:ISBN
3125:2016
3090:ISBN
2991:ISBN
2929:ISBN
2872:ISBN
2847:ISBN
2819:ISBN
2742:ISBN
2715:ISBN
2684:ISBN
2652:PMID
2587:ISBN
2553:ISBN
2525:ISBN
2506:2007
2439:ISBN
2411:ISBN
2374:ISBN
2355:2007
2224:ISBN
2116:2010
2039:ISBN
2014:ISBN
1995:2007
1961:2022
1905:2007
1870:2024
1736:ISBN
1717:2022
1700:2021
1613:The
1475:and
1396:and
1374:eggs
1264:and
1150:Diet
1123:Fiji
1121:and
1105:and
1074:and
1058:and
1050:and
954:cere
920:are
783:hals
770:ἁλι-
660:and
618:Two
544:and
519:and
483:ITIS
368:prey
270:The
225:1758
151:Aves
34:and
4721:TSA
4648:346
4604:NBN
4526:IBC
4415:EoL
4389:CMS
4376:CoL
4363:BTO
4291:AFD
4278:ADW
4267:ABA
3704:352
3668:doi
3564:doi
3523:doi
3490:doi
3486:160
3428:doi
3283:doi
3271:107
3267:Emu
2968:doi
2964:683
2788:doi
2776:107
2772:Emu
2680:469
2642:PMC
2632:doi
2583:136
2303:doi
2253:ἅλς
2220:185
2198:on
2165:doi
2135:doi
2087:doi
1928:doi
1704:doi
1589:In
1508:'s
1460:DDT
987:or
930:or
779:ἅλς
776:of
675:in
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