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Landstände against the King. Oswald was one of the electors and the main instigator of this election. The next session by the Landstände began in Merano on May 16, 1445, and as it was now clear that King
Friedrich was not planning an attack, options were discussed on how to bring Sigismund to Tyrol. Oswald died on August 2, 1445, in Merano, succumbing to an intense heatwave. His offices were taken over by Ulrich von Matsch. His body was brought to Neustift Monastery in
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494:(later Castle Sonnenburg) in Innsbruck. Oswald now had no choice but to make peace with Count Friedrich, who forced him to pay Martin Jäger a compensation in exchange for the stolen tithes, and in the process allowed Oswald to acquire full ownership of Castle Hauenstein and its estates. Furthermore, Oswald had to swear to refrain from any contact with nobles from outside Tyrol unless sanctioned by Count Friedrich.
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to demand the release of
Sigismund and the return of the county's treasures, taken by Friedrich in 1440. Friedrich refused and threatened war. The Tyroleans responded by sacking Trento and electing Johann Röttel as the new bishop on January 4, 1440. Röttel's first declaration was to fully support the
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under the pretext that he had to go to Rome to be crowned emperor. During this time Oswald commissioned the
Neustift Monastery to create a second manuscript collection of his songs. Sigismund called him to join him in Piacenza and Oswald obliged. The unpleasantness of his visit inspired him to write
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When the guardianship of
Sigismund ended on July 25, 1443, and Friedrich, now King Friedrich III of the Holy Roman Empire, decided to prolong it for another six years, the Landstände of Tyrol organized an open revolt. Oswald became one of five military commanders and was tasked with the defense of
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on
October 30, 1429, supported by Friedrich and led by Oswald against the bishop, who while being a prisoner of Oswald was beaten publicly by him. Initially, King Sigismund backed Oswald, but when informed by the other side in the dispute, both Sigismund and Friedrich switched sides and reinstated
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supported Count
Friedrich, most of the nobles, including both brothers of Oswald, surrendered on December 17, 1423. Few nobles chose to continue to fight. The most prominent were Hans von Villanders, the brothers Ulrich and Wilhelm von Starkenberg, who successfully defended Castle Greifenstein for
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from the
Council of Constance. With the help of the local population, especially the peasants, Friedrich was able to resist the King and the nobles and from 1418 onwards Friedrich pursued his enemies within Tyrol vigorously. In September 1421 Oswald was lured by his lover Anna Hausmann into a trap
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concludes that the ptosis was probably caused by an injury sustained in childhood. Dieter Kühn's biography of Oswald, which attributes the "loss" of the right eye to an archery mishap when the boy was eight years old, is now generally discredited. A popular theory that the eye was lost during the
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and
Constance to celebrate Christmas. During this period, Oswald wrote many songs of an erotic nature, the most famous being "Ain Graserin" (KL 76) about a bathing maid, whose "frizzy hair" between her legs leads a man to have sex with her on the spot. In Nuremberg, Oswald became a member of the
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All extant portraits of Oswald depict him with a closed right eye. An examination of his skull from a 1973 exhumation revealed that this was due to a congenital defect: his right eye socket was smaller than the left, which meant that his right eyeball was under constant pressure, resulting in
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the complaint-song "Wer die ougen vil verschüren", which he set to a French melody. In May of the same year, Oswald was sent by
Sigismund to Basel. After over a year of negotiations, Sigismund was crowned Holy Roman Emperor on May 31, 1433, by Pope
406:, where he met King Sigismund. Together they plotted a war against Friedrich. The war was started by Oswald's brother Michael who wrote to Friedrich on September 5, 1422: "Therefore I want to be your enemy and be in an alliance with your enemies."
601:. The contracts of the guardianship were put in Oswald's care. Oswald used the opportunity to seek the assistance of Friedrich V in his eighteen-year-long legal wrangling with Hans von Villanders over bonds Oswald had given his cousin to hold.
317:, with the long beard associated with pilgrims. Before he left, he wrote several songs for his beloved, Anna Hausmann, the wife of the Brixner burgher Hans Hausmann. After his return in 1410, he acquired the right to take up residence in
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of Brixen and the new Prince-Bishop of Brixen, Ulrich Putsch (died 1437), who was a friend of Martin Jäger, a confidante of Count
Friedrich, and soon-to-be bishop chancellor of the County of Tyrol. The clash culminated in a
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and an oath to abjure all vengeance, released Oswald for five months so that Oswald could settle his debts with Martin Jäger and other nobles. Oswald could not reach an agreement with his enemies and did not show up in
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In 1423 open hostilities culminated in the siege of Castle Greifenstein, during which Oswald with both his brothers was part of the castle's garrison. The siege was lifted in November 1423 through a successful
305:. The other two-thirds of the castle belonged to a knight named Martin Jäger, but Oswald did not respect the property situation, occupying the entire castle and appropriating Jäger's share of the
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During the next years, Oswald's life settled down, and almost no reports of fights, brawls or trials are preserved. This changed with the death of Count Friedrich on June 24, 1439. As the heir
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MSs A and B were completed under the supervision of Oswald himself, and both contain a depiction of the author, qualifying as one of the earliest authentic depictions of a German author.
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and Oswald with his brother Michael immediately left Tyrol to meet the King, who instead of going directly to Nuremberg undertook a two-month detour to the South German cities of
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and began a quarrel with his older brother Michael about their inheritance. From 1401 to 1402, Oswald participated in the failed Italian expedition of King
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In 1424 things calmed down and Oswald commissioned the Neustift Monastery to create a manuscript of his songs. The calmness of the year was due to the new
254:. Oswald described the journeys undertaken by him in the following 14 years in his autobiographical song "Es fügt sich...". He mentioned his travels to
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and Bolzano provided funds and troops to reinforce the fortress, and all other passes and entrances into Tyrol were blocked by troops. As the city of
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After Wilhelm von Starkenberg's capitulation on November 26, 1426, Oswald was the last nobleman feuding with Count Friedrich, and was summoned to the
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301:. In 1407 he and his brother agreed on how to split the inheritance: Oswald received a third of Castle Hauenstein and the accompanying estates in
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Sigismund sent Oswald back to Tyrol to prepare the county for an expected Hussite invasion of the Empire and invited the Hussites to the
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siege of Greifenstein Castle in 1423 is also implausible, as portraits of Oswald from 1408 already depict him with a drooping eyelid.
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in a dispute with his cousin Hans von Villanders, who owed Oswald 2,200 ducats. While there, Oswald entered into a fray between the
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against Sigmund, who could not afford to fight three wars at once: the planned one against Friedrich, the brewing one against the
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backed the King, an army of 3,000 men was sent south to besiege the city. On December 10, a Tyrolean delegation arrived in
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Oswald returned to Tyrol to find himself completely penniless. Count Friedrich insisted on the payment of the 6,000 ducat
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in 1431. Oswald experienced firsthand the mass flight of the 130,000-strong Imperial army on August 14, 1431, when the
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He is one of the most important German composers of the Middle Ages. There are three main topics of his work: travel,
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Classen, Albrecht (2008). "Chapter 1: The Irrepressibility of Sex Yesterday and Today". In Classen, Albrecht (ed.).
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Meinolf Schumacher: "Ein Kranz für den Tanz und ein Strich durch die Rechnung. Zu Oswald von Wolkenstein
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by Dieter Kühn; Insel Taschenbuch 497; Erweiterte Ausgabe 1980; Insel Verlag Frankfurt am Main 1977;
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Stevia Mountain with the ruins of Wolkenstein castle - the ancestral castle of the Wolkenstein family
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was only twelve years old at the time, a guardian had to be found until Sigismund came of age. The
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MS A (Vienna), 42 songs completed in 1425, with an addition of another 66 poems from 1427 to 1436.
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The Poems of Oswald Von Wolkenstein: An English Translation of the Complete Works. (1376/77-1445)
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and buried near the font in the monastery's church, where his grave was rediscovered in 1973.
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near Gais, which at this point was not yet part of the County of Tyrol, but part of the
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and handed him over to Count Friedrich. In March 1422 Friedrich, in exchange for a
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Die Gedichte Oswalds von Wolkenstein. Mit Einleitung, Wortbuch und Varianten
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332:(1414–18); a portrait of Oswald can be found in the council's chronicle (by
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In 1430 King Sigismund summoned the nobles of the Holy Roman Empire to a
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and King of Hungary. His first diplomatic voyage brought him to England,
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798:, ed. K. K. Klein. 3rd ed. H. Moser, N. R. Wolf, N. Wolf, Tübingen 1987.
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Oswald von Wolkenstein - Portrait from the Innsbrucker Handschrift, 1432
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after sighting the 50,000-strong Hussite army approaching and singing.
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882:"Oswald von Wolkenstein, Es fügt sich, do ich was von zehen jaren alt"
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In 1428, Oswald broke his oath and traveled to Heidelberg to meet
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After the death of his father in 1399, Oswald returned to the
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922:, Dieter Kühn; Insel Verlag Frankfurt am Main 1977, page: 359
619:, where King Friedrich had taken up residence. The cities of
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fortress), which blocked the most likely invasion route from
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Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
988:. Twayne's World authors series. no. 236. New York: Twayne.
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Die Verletzungen des rechten Auges Oswalds von Wolkenstein
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years to come, and Oswald, who was the last to surrender.
203:. In his diplomatic capacity, he traveled through much of
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Oswald's memorial stone on the wall of the cathedral in
313:. The stone has survived and shows him in the garb of a
723:, or a withering of the right eyelid muscles. However,
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and apprehended by Martin Jäger, who brought Oswald to
766:. Oswald's poems are preserved in three manuscripts:
444:. On February 17, 1425, King and Count made peace at
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Sexuality in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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714:A depiction of Oswald, with his closed eye visible
336:). Oswald entered as a diplomat in the service of
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827:This article is based on the 600-page biography
776:MS C (Innsbruck-Trostburg): 1450, a copy of B.
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402:on August 24, 1422, opting rather to ride to
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211:(as recounted in "Durch Barbarei, Arabia").
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1038:International Music Score Library Project
698:Learn how and when to remove this message
605:the most important of all positions, the
509:, with the aim to garner the help of the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1015:Works by or about Oswald von Wolkenstein
792:, ed. J. Schatz. 2nd ed. Göttingen 1904.
562:to negotiate. Sigismund himself fled to
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368:. In 1417 Oswald married Margarete von
1900:Medieval Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
857:"Ruine Hauenstein bei Seis am Schlern"
575:, with Oswald probably in attendance.
1034:Free scores by Oswald von Wolkenstein
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811:The New Middle Ages. Palgrave 2008,
790:Oswald von Wolkenstein. Die Gedichte
676:adding citations to reliable sources
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1024:Oswald von Wolkenstein-Gesellschaft
796:Die Lieder Oswalds von Wolkenstein
597:of Tyrol choose Sigismund's uncle
238:Oswald's father was Friedrich von
16:German poet, composer and diplomat
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242:and his mother was Katharina von
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1344:Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
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470:Statue of Oswald von Wolkenstein
440:and the ongoing one against the
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804:, ed. B. Weber, Innsbruck 1847.
545:expedition against the Hussites
501:, Archbishop of Cologne, Count
352:, where he participated in the
218:and was also inducted into the
34:needs additional citations for
980:Jones, George Fenwick (1973).
956:. Walter de Gruyter. pp.
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1870:Middle High German literature
1087:List of Renaissance composers
499:Kurfürst Ludwig von der Pfalz
1860:German Renaissance composers
738:Knight of the Holy Sepulchre
599:Friedrich V, Duke of Austria
216:Knight of the Holy Sepulchre
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1717:Petrus Phalesius the Elder
1532:English Virginalist School
1885:15th-century German poets
1880:14th-century German poets
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1499:Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
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907:"The Life of Wolkenstein"
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226:. He lived for a time in
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511:League of the Holy Court
58:"Oswald von Wolkenstein"
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1369:Tomás Luis de Victoria
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553:entire army panicked
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334:Ulrich von Richental
330:Council of Constance
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1890:Order of the Dragon
1855:People from Pfalzen
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1509:Composition schools
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909:. 13 February 2011.
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99:November 2018
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54:Find sources:
48:
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32:This article
30:
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21:
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1865:Minnesingers
1845:1370s births
1799:
1792:
1763:Architecture
1697:Jacob Bathen
1414:John Dowland
1284:William Byrd
1172:
1158:Leonel Power
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890:. Retrieved
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754:Compositions
732:Distinctions
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670:Please help
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146:1376 or 1377
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1850:1445 deaths
1753:Renaissance
1748:Early music
1644:Netherlands
1624:Elizabethan
1479:Jacopo Peri
1449:Alonso Lobo
1409:John Cooper
1271:Late (1530)
1231:Jean Mouton
1143:Jean Japart
1133:Walter Frye
573:Eugenius IV
240:Wolkenstein
1839:Categories
1778:Philosophy
1773:Literature
1741:Background
1607:Traditions
1583:Magnificat
1573:Intermedio
1517:Burgundian
892:2019-10-08
867:2010-07-02
843:References
595:Landstände
536:Überlingen
515:Domkapitel
484:Wasserburg
432:Kurfürsten
244:Villanders
69:newspapers
1593:Offertory
1522:Colorists
1384:Mannerism
996:(Kl 6)."
659:does not
591:Sigismund
532:Nuremberg
528:Reichstag
505:and Duke
437:Kurverein
393:of 6,000
387:Innsbruck
370:Schwangau
366:Constance
338:Sigismund
280:Black Sea
276:Holy Land
264:Lithuania
1814:Category
1791: ←
1654:Portugal
1578:Madrigal
1552:Venetian
784:Editions
613:Mühlbach
568:Piacenza
442:Hussites
360:city of
354:conquest
350:Portugal
346:Scotland
315:Crusader
222:and the
201:diplomat
197:composer
191:) was a
1804:→
1634:Germany
1614:British
1040:(IMSLP)
1036:at the
1017:at the
823:Sources
680:removed
665:sources
549:Bohemia
480:Bolzano
476:Landtag
404:Hungary
358:Moorish
356:of the
260:Prussia
209:Georgia
185:Pfalzen
150:Pfalzen
83:scholar
1824:Portal
1649:Poland
1629:France
1619:Cyprus
1598:Pavane
1392:c.1600
1029:Lyrics
964:
835:
815:
721:ptosis
625:Trento
621:Merano
617:Styria
584:Brixen
453:surety
428:Bingen
395:ducats
391:surety
378:banned
274:, the
272:Turkey
268:Crimea
248:squire
205:Europe
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1768:Dance
1659:Spain
1639:Italy
1568:Carol
1547:Roman
960:-47.
634:Vahrn
564:Milan
412:sally
362:Ceuta
307:tithe
256:Crete
250:of a
189:Meran
164:Meran
90:JSTOR
76:books
1588:Mass
1386:and
962:ISBN
833:ISBN
813:ISBN
762:and
663:any
661:cite
629:Graz
520:coup
348:and
234:Life
199:and
193:poet
157:Died
143:Born
62:news
1758:Art
1002:PDF
764:sex
760:God
674:by
547:in
486:on
478:in
45:by
1841::
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