3008:
670:
army which he had assembled, and ordered all his men to return to their own homes, from the place that is called
Wilfaresdun, that is, Wilfar's Hill, which is almost ten miles distant from the village called Cataract , towards the north-west. He himself, with only one trusty soldier, whose name was Tonhere, withdrew and lay concealed in the house of Earl Hunwald, whom he imagined to be his most assured friend. But, alas! it was otherwise; for the earl betrayed him, and Oswy, in a detestable manner, by the hands of his commander , Ethilwin, slew him...
350:
560:
Oswald being translated to the heavenly kingdom, his brother Oswy, a young man of about thirty years of age, succeeded him on the throne of his earthly kingdom, and held it twenty-eight years with much trouble, being harassed by the pagan king, Penda, and by the pagan nation of the
Mercians, that had
747:
In 655 Bede reports that Penda invaded
Bernicia at the head of a large army. Bede states that Oswiu offered "an incalculable quantity of regalia and presents as the price of peace", but that Penda refused. Oswiu vowed to give his daughter Ælfflæd to the church, and to found a dozen monasteries if he
548:
may have been his preferred successor, but Œthelwald cannot have been an adult in 642. So, the kingship came to Oswiu. Unlike
Eanfrith and Osric, Oswiu held to the Christian faith in spite of his brother's defeat by the pagan Penda. This may have been due to his more thoroughly Christian upbringing,
802:
The surprising defeat of the hitherto dominant Penda, and the death of the East
Anglian king Æthelhere left Oswiu as the dominant figure in Britain. Œthelwald's ambivalent stance during the campaign which led to the Winwæd appears to have led to his removal as he disappears from the record at this
669:
For when they had raised armies against one another, Oswin perceived that he could not maintain a war against one who had more auxiliaries than himself, and he thought it better at that time to lay aside all thoughts of engaging, and to preserve himself for better times. He therefore dismissed the
625:
The first half of Oswiu's reign was spent in the shadow of Penda, who dominated much of
Britain from 642 until 655, seemingly making and breaking kings as it suited him. The future kingdom of Northumbria was still composed of two distinct kingdoms in Oswiu's lifetime. The northerly kingdom of
381:, a princess of Deira's royal line who is known to have been Oswald's mother. Regardless, his heritage did nothing to endear him to the Deiran nobility; while they accepted Oswald as king apparently on account of his mother, they resisted Oswiu throughout his reign.
803:
time. Oswiu installed his adult son
Ealhfrith as king of Deirans in Œthelwald's place. Penda's son Peada was installed as king of southern Mercia, while Oswiu took the north of the kingdom. Other subject rulers seem to have been established elsewhere in Mercia.
450:, or raised as Christians. In Oswiu's case, he became an exile at the age of four, and cannot have returned to Northumbria until aged twenty-one, spending childhood and adolescence in a Gaelic milieu. Bede writes that Oswiu was fluent in the
296:. The early part of his reign was defined by struggles to assert control over Deira and his contentious relationship with Penda, his overlord. In 655, Oswiu's forces killed Penda in a decisive victory at the
974:, writing about a century after Oswiu's death, describes him as "very just, with equitable laws, unconquered in battle but trustworthy in peace, generous in gifts to the wretched, pious, equitable to all".
838:
as ruler of the
Mercians and drove out Oswiu's supporters. Oswiu remained a force to be reckoned with, and political settlement rather than open warfare appears to have resolved the crisis. Oswiu's kinsman
337:, where clerics debated over the two traditions, and helped resolve tension between the parties by decreeing that Northumbria would follow the Roman style. Oswiu died in 670 and was succeeded by his son,
833:
656, and Oswiu proceeded to install governors or subject kings in Mercia. Probably in late 659, but perhaps in 657, a revolt led by three
Mercian noblemen—Immin, Eata, and Eadberht—installed Penda's son
829:
Oswiu's total domination lasted only a short time, around three years. The proximate cause was the death of Peada, supposedly poisoned by his wife, Oswiu's daughter Eahlflæd. This probably occurred at
1185:"A menology of England and Wales, or, Brief memorials of the ancient British and English saints arranged according to the calendar, together with the martyrs of the 16th and 17th centuries"
818:, who had been driven out of his lands by Penda for putting aside his marriage to Penda's sister, may also have returned to power in this period, again with Oswiu's assistance. King
896:, is considered to have had a strong political component. Equally, 665 would be a year, as Bede writes, "that Easter was kept twice in one year, so that when the King had ended
1528:
Deira was ruled by Oswine from 642 to 651, then by Œthelwald until 655 or later, then by
Ealhfrith to after 664, and finally by Ecgfrith. See Kirby, p. 226, figure 7; Yorke,
384:
At the time of Oswiu's birth, Æthelfrith was at the height of his power. In 604 he had taken control of Deira, evidently by conquest; he killed the previous king (apparently
457:
As well as learning the Irish language and being thoroughly Christianised, Oswiu may have fought for his Gaelic hosts, perhaps receiving his arms—a significant event—from a
1335:"Oswy thought that nothing could be better than the Irish teaching, having been instructed and baptized by the Irish, and having a complete grasp of their language"; Bede,
1230:, Book III, Chapter 6, states that Oswald was Acha's son; Kirby, p. 89, and Stancliffe & Cambridge, p. 13, figure 1, consider it probable that Oswiu was also her son.
712:
suggests that the killing of Oswine may have led to an improvement in relations between Penda and Oswiu in the early 650s. Oswiu's son Ealhfrith married Penda's daughter
843:
was named to be Wulfhere's bishop. While Wulfhere extended Mercian influence and authority in southern Britain, he apparently continued to recognise Oswiu's primacy.
2370:
412:
in the south. Æthelfrith's power rested on his military success, and this success came to an end in 616, when the exiled Edwin of Deira, with the support of King
3214:
1881:
1070:
2214:
846:
Welsh sources suggest that Oswiu campaigned in Wales in the late 650s, imposing tribute on the Welsh kings who had previously been Penda's allies such as
3094:
2807:
1326:, Ms. E, s.a. 603. The choice of a northerly exile, rather than flight to one of the southerly Anglo-Saxon kingdoms is discussed by Grimmer, §3–§6.
858:, who remained a Christian, but distanced himself from Oswiu and the Irish-Northumbrian church. Switthelm was probably subject to the East Angles.
3347:
447:
1064:
was also granted "a cross, with a gold key to it, made out of the most holy chains of the apostles, Peter and Paul". This gift is documented by
569:
Oswiu's first recorded action as king of Bernicia was to strengthen his position, and perhaps his claims to Deira, by marrying Edwin's daughter
665:, who belonged to the rival Deiran royal family. Oswine and Oswiu came into conflict circa 651. Bede blames Oswiu for the troubles and writes:
3342:
3007:
2160:
2197:
884:. Ealhfrith had been brought up with Irish-Northumbrian usages, and his rejection of these, along with the expulsion of the future saints
3352:
2363:
2244:
506:
698:
were not entirely peaceful between 642 and 655. Bede appears to place a major assault on Bernicia by Penda, which reached the gates of
2146:
2132:
2115:
2078:
2064:
2047:
2033:
2019:
2005:
1991:
1957:
1943:
1926:
1912:
1898:
2987:
771:
gives a somewhat different account. Here, Oswiu's offer of treasure is accepted, and is associated with the siege of a place named
1692:
Trumhere was a relation of Queen Eanflæd and first abbot of Gilling, established to expiate the killing of Oswine of Deira; Bede,
3207:
2601:
329:
tradition practiced by the southern Anglo-Saxon kingdoms as well as some members of the Deiran nobility, including Oswiu's queen
2379:
944:
in the company of Bishop Wilfrid. However, he fell ill and died, aged 58, on 15 February 670. His elder son by Queen Eanflæd,
3087:
2800:
2356:
880:. Bede writes that the dispute was brought to a head by Oswiu's son Ealhfrith, who had adopted Roman usages at the urging of
292:, only returning after Edwin's death in 633. Oswiu rose to the kingship when his brother Oswald was killed in battle against
1487:
Eahlflæd is said to have arranged the murder of Peada, in 657 or 658, suggesting that she was not Eanflæd's daughter; Bede,
3332:
2646:
847:
686:, where prayers were said for Oswine and for Oswiu. Oswine was followed as king of the Deirans by Oswald's son Œthelwald.
313:
Oswiu was a devoted Christian, promoting the faith among his subjects and establishing a number of monasteries, including
3126:
2636:
2611:
580:
Oswiu is known to have been married three times. Eanflæd, his Queen, bore him two sons and two daughters. The sons were
199:
3337:
3200:
1087:
2616:
807:
761:
532:, who became king of Bernicia and probably succeeded to his father's old dominance of northern and central Britain.
2816:
1516:
75:
1311:
466:
3080:
2793:
2684:
2651:
2279:
706:. An entry in the Irish annals recording "he battle of Oswy against Penda" circa 650 may refer to this campaign.
2085:
2957:
2759:
2704:
2566:
2324:
929:
521:
440:
417:
2714:
877:
490:
300:, establishing Oswiu as one of the most powerful rulers in Britain. He secured control of Deira, with his son
854:. Elsewhere in the south, Oswiu's ally Sigeberht of the East Saxons was murdered and replaced by his brother
3252:
2631:
2621:
2591:
2586:
2561:
2556:
2415:
2237:
1008:
1003:
988:
945:
885:
776:
749:
601:
593:
581:
510:
338:
185:
177:
169:
68:
304:
serving as a sub-king, and for three years, Oswiu's power extended over Mercia, earning him recognition as
3264:
3048:
3030:
2907:
2689:
2661:
2656:
2576:
2571:
2539:
2425:
2309:
251:
3294:
3144:
2982:
2641:
2626:
2606:
2596:
2503:
2450:
2289:
1748:
The dating is discussed by Kirby, p. 101, who concludes that the synod can confidently be placed in 644.
1306:
529:
370:
297:
270:
58:
3162:
2887:
2518:
2304:
2274:
545:
374:
1713:, daughter of the Kentish King Eorcenberht, the one ruler over whom Oswiu held no sway; Kirby, p. 114.
1511:, Cenwalh's host, was also driven into exile, and later defeated and killed by Penda at Bulcamp, near
516:
Equally uncertain is the date of Oswiu's return to Northumbria. He may have returned with his brother
3322:
3300:
3288:
3282:
3258:
3168:
3150:
3132:
3120:
2972:
2937:
2769:
2581:
2493:
2483:
2445:
2440:
2420:
2284:
2193:
1315:
784:
733:
703:
550:
541:
517:
458:
389:
385:
366:
239:
3327:
3180:
2942:
2749:
2739:
2709:
2528:
1508:
1358:
1319:
1297:
993:
953:
917:
811:
810:
may have been established with Oswiu's assistance, as well as that of his kinsman by marriage King
585:
570:
525:
470:
322:
173:
40:
2764:
3240:
2927:
2922:
2912:
2902:
2882:
2729:
2724:
2694:
2405:
2319:
2299:
2230:
1790:
1465:
1296:Æthelfrith's sons were not the first Anglian exiles to seek refuge in the kingdoms of the north.
1184:
933:
835:
819:
618:
494:
451:
103:
650:, was ruled by a series of Oswiu's kinsmen, initially as a separate kingdom, later as a form of
3270:
3174:
2977:
2962:
2897:
2892:
2754:
2672:
2430:
2269:
2264:
2156:
2142:
2128:
2111:
2074:
2060:
2043:
2029:
2015:
2001:
1987:
1953:
1939:
1922:
1908:
1894:
1886:
1504:
1301:
983:
968:. His widow and their daughter Ælflæd were later Abbess of Whitby and were also buried there.
855:
815:
729:
709:
160:
748:
was granted the victory, and assisted by Ealhfrith he engaged Penda with a small army in the
3246:
3114:
2952:
2947:
2847:
2478:
2410:
1931:
1569:
1049:
1045:
949:
643:
513:, should be placed in the context of his exile, or took place at a later date is uncertain.
409:
247:
779:
was given over as a hostage, into the keeping of Penda's queen Cynewise, at this time. The
349:
3357:
3234:
3156:
3044:
2872:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2513:
2400:
1057:
873:
867:
851:
658:
639:
574:
334:
293:
259:
258:
in 664, which ultimately brought the church in Northumbria into conformity with the wider
255:
93:
2992:
2744:
1627:, and proposes that Ecgfrith became a hostage as a result of Oswiu's submission to Penda.
760:. He was successful, and Penda was killed, along with many of his allies, including King
3138:
2917:
2867:
2832:
2498:
2314:
1861:
965:
928:
Even in his final years, Oswiu remained a major figure in Britain. The newly appointed
913:
889:
662:
635:
605:
498:
289:
1845:
876:, Oswiu accepted the usages of the Roman Church, which led to the departure of Bishop
562:
3316:
3276:
2774:
2488:
2435:
2208:
2203:
2120:
2052:
1053:
1033:
957:
764:
of the East Angles. Œthelwald had assisted Penda, but stood aside from the fighting.
679:
622:. It is thought that Ealhfrith was her son, and Eahlflæd may have been her daughter.
462:
378:
362:
314:
266:
209:
936:, came north to meet him in 669. Bede writes that Oswiu had intended to undertake a
900:
and was keeping Easter, the Queen and her attendants were still fasting and keeping
2932:
961:
683:
474:
318:
219:
134:
17:
3025:
397:
285:
2168:
1964:
826:, may have also been established as a leading king among the Picts at this time.
2139:
The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c. 600–800.
1984:
The Convert Kings: Power and religious affiliation in early Anglo-Saxon England.
1890:
1037:
901:
609:
486:
482:
424:
278:
153:
657:
For the first decade of Oswiu's reign, Deira was ruled by an independent king,
2997:
2719:
2338:
Not listed in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but held equivalent or greater power.
1950:
The Pictish Conquest: The Battle of Dunnichen 685 & the birth of Scotland.
1710:
1603:
1512:
1061:
1041:
1025:
1013:
937:
823:
631:
413:
330:
326:
181:
145:
2253:
306:
2734:
1670:, pp. 252–253, sees Ealhfrith's hand in his sister's murder of her husband.
2348:
3223:
2842:
2523:
2388:
1624:
998:
840:
794:(the Battle-Shirker). The decisive battle is located at "Gaius's field".
721:
713:
699:
651:
627:
589:
401:
357:
Oswiu was born circa 612, as he was 58 at his death in 670, according to
301:
189:
165:
2218:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 365.
783:
suggests that many of Penda's allies were British kings, and notes that
553:, by then a major figure in Bernicia, could also have been significant.
388:), married Acha, a member of the kingly line, and exiled Acha's brother
3192:
2967:
2699:
2069:
Stevens, Wesley M., "Easter Controversy" in M. Lapidge, et al., (eds),
1075:
881:
788:
436:
3057:
2837:
2785:
971:
830:
647:
613:
3072:
822:
of the East Saxons was Oswiu's ally. Oswiu's nephew, Eanfrith's son
674:
In order to expiate the killing of Oswine, who was later reckoned a
597:
502:
284:
Oswiu and his brothers were raised in exile in the Irish kingdom of
149:
3063:
King of Mercia during the temporary separation of Mercia and Wessex
1934:, "Life of Wilfrid" in D.H. Farmer (ed.) & J.H. Webb (trans.),
1074:
as part of a returning delegation from Rome, which had been led by
288:
in present-day Scotland after their father's death at the hands of
3103:
2466:
2086:"The Columban Church in northern Britain, 664–717: a reassessment"
1029:
893:
757:
741:
717:
695:
675:
432:
428:
405:
393:
348:
274:
269:
of Bernicia, Oswiu became king following the death of his brother
2093:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, volume 127
1876:
1065:
941:
897:
737:
358:
3196:
3076:
2789:
2352:
2226:
1469:, among the Queens, immediately preceding Eanflæd; Grimmer §28.
273:
in 642. Unlike Oswald, Oswiu struggled to exert authority over
1507:
was driven from his country when he set aside Penda's sister.
365:, then King of Bernicia; his siblings included older brothers
2222:
2108:
Kingship and Government in Pre-Conquest England, c. 500–1066.
377:. Oswiu's mother was likely Æthelfrith's only recorded wife,
27:
King of Bernicia (r. 642–670) and of Northumbria (r. 654–670)
3006:
2207:
520:
on Edwin's death in 633, as Bede appears to write. Eanfrith
254:
from 654 until his death. He is notable for his role at the
2010:
Holdsworth, Philip, "Oswiu" in M. Lapidge, et al., (eds),
565:
Ethelwald , the son of his brother who reigned before him.
561:
slain his brother, as also by his son Alfred , and by his
528:, who was defeated and killed in turn by another brother,
423:
On Æthelfrith's death, his sons and their supporters fled
1602:, Book III, Chapter 24. The Winwæd is thought to be the
787:
joined Œthelwald in avoiding the battle, so gaining the
736:. Peada and Ealhflæd took a missionary group, including
341:. His feast is 15 February in the East and in the West.
1907:
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, reprinted 1990.
1815:
Proposography of Anglo-Saxon England, quoting Alcuin's
325:
tradition of much of the Irish world, rather than the
2024:
Keynes, Simon, "Penda" in M. Lapidge, et al., (eds),
540:
Oswald died in battle against Penda of Mercia at the
2059:
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1971.
439:. Here they would remain until Edwin's death at the
3018:
2823:
2670:
2537:
2464:
2386:
2153:
Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Central England.
1848:(in Middle Irish). CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts
215:
205:
195:
159:
141:
129:
121:
113:
109:
99:
89:
81:
74:
64:
54:
46:
39:
34:
1709:, pp. 245–247. Kirby notes Wulfhere's marriage to
1541:Oswine was Oswiu's maternal second cousin; Yorke,
1454:Their son Ecgfrith was born no later than May 645.
716:, while his daughter Ealhflæd married Penda's son
702:, at some time before 651 and the death of Bishop
2071:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2026:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2012:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
1965:"The Exogamous Marriages of Oswiu of Northumbria"
2125:Kings and Kingdoms in Early Anglo-Saxon England.
577:. This marriage took place between 642 and 644.
1986:Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997.
1371:Grimmer, §25; Kirby, p. 143.; Williams, p. 18.
1256:, Book I, Chapter 34 & Book II, Chapter 3.
544:, dated by Bede to 5 August 642. Oswald's son
3208:
3088:
2801:
2364:
2238:
1921:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
1463:Rieinmellt also appears, as Rægnmæld, in the
353:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of the early 7th century
8:
1882:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
1768:
1766:
1594:
1592:
1478:Stancliffe & Cambridge, p. 13, figure 1.
1424:
1422:
1420:
1071:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
277:, the other constituent kingdom of medieval
1388:, Book I, Chapter 1; Stancliffe, pp. 46–61.
1279:
1277:
1275:
916:, daughter of the former East Anglian king
3215:
3201:
3193:
3095:
3081:
3073:
2808:
2794:
2786:
2371:
2357:
2349:
2245:
2231:
2223:
1893:, ed. D.H. Farmer. London: Penguin, 1990.
912:In 660, Oswiu married his son Ecgfrith to
556:Bede summarises Oswiu's reign in this way:
392:. His authority ran from the lands of the
31:
1491:, Book III, chapter 24. See also Higham,
1209:
1207:
1757:
744:, to establish a church in their lands.
1998:The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–1100.
1098:
489:, King of Dál Riata, and others of the
125:15 February 670 (aged 57–58)
1789:, pp. 250–275. For an overview of the
446:In exile, the sons of Æthelfrith were
1817:The Bishops, Kings and Saints of York
638:, was ruled by Oswiu. The kingdom of
7:
2198:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
752:, which took place in the region of
497:. Whether Oswiu's marriage with the
469:whom his father had defeated at the
1623:, may have been the site of modern
1515:in 653 or 654, when he returned to
1384:, Book III, Chapters 1–2; Adomnán,
806:Further south, Æthelhere's brother
616:is named as a wife of Oswiu in the
479:Oisiric mac Albruit, rigdomna Saxan
1864:. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts
1615:Kirby, pp. 90, 94–95 accepts that
333:. In 664, Oswiu presided over the
25:
2167:Ziegler, Michelle (Winter 2001).
1466:Liber Vitae Ecclesiae Dunelmensis
862:Ealhfrith and the Synod of Whitby
596:(c. 654–714). The Irish princess
416:, defeated and killed him in the
246:; c. 612 – 15 February 670), was
2155:Logaston: Logaston Press, 2001.
1963:Grimmer, Martin (October 2006).
1862:"The Annals of Ulster, volume 1"
1735:, Book III, Chapter 22; Higham,
485:Osric—among the dead, alongside
3348:English expatriates in Ireland
2110:Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999.
1199:Handbook of British Chronology
427:, finding sanctuary among the
1:
1318:, against Æthelfrith, at the
3343:7th-century English monarchs
588:(c. 660–679), the daughters
549:but the influence of Bishop
361:. He was the third child of
310:over much of Great Britain.
2073:. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.
2042:London: Unwin Hyman, 1991.
2040:The Earliest English Kings.
2028:. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.
2014:. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.
1088:Kings of Mercia family tree
952:, while their younger son,
3374:
3353:Royal House of Northumbria
865:
630:, which extended from the
3230:
3110:
3039:
3004:
2333:
2260:
1846:"The Annals of Tigernach"
604:(died 705). Finally, the
448:converted to Christianity
345:Background and early life
281:, for much of his reign.
3053:Also King of East Anglia
1919:Early Christian Ireland.
1582:Kirby, pp. 93–94; Bede,
1362:, s.a. 631; Grimmer, §9.
956:, succeeded Ecgfrith as
930:Archbishop of Canterbury
454:and Irish in his faith.
441:Battle of Hatfield Chase
435:of northern Britain and
418:battle of the River Idle
2770:Ragnall II Guthfrithson
2380:Monarchs of Northumbria
2215:Encyclopædia Britannica
2173:The Heroic Age, issue 4
2141:London: Longman, 2006.
2084:Veith, Kenneth (1997).
1969:The Heroic Age, issue 9
1938:London: Penguin, 1998.
1917:Charles-Edwards, T.M.,
1832:, Book III, Chapter 29.
1776:, Book III, Chapter 25.
1739:, p. 249; Kirby, p. 97.
1696:, Book III, Chapter 24.
1683:, Book III, Chapter 24.
1586:, Book III, Chapter 21.
1558:, Book III, Chapter 16.
1445:, Book III, Chapter 15.
1432:, Book III, Chapter 14.
1339:, Book III, Chapter 25.
1032:of several saints from
886:Cuthbert of Lindisfarne
694:Oswiu's relations with
573:, then in exile in the
321:. He was raised in the
243:
3177:(656–664 - joint king)
3012:
2280:Rædwald of East Anglia
2169:"Oswald and the Irish"
2000:Stroud: Sutton, 1993.
1952:Stroud: Tempus, 2006.
1830:Ecclesiastical History
1804:Ecclesiastical History
1774:Ecclesiastical History
1733:Ecclesiastical History
1694:Ecclesiastical History
1681:Ecclesiastical History
1600:Ecclesiastical History
1584:Ecclesiastical History
1556:Ecclesiastical History
1443:Ecclesiastical History
1430:Ecclesiastical History
1401:, Book III, Chapter 9.
1399:Ecclesiastical History
1382:Ecclesiastical History
1337:Ecclesiastical History
1287:, Book III, Chapter 1.
1285:Ecclesiastical History
1269:, Book II, Chapter 12.
1267:Ecclesiastical History
1254:Ecclesiastical History
1228:Ecclesiastical History
1215:Ecclesiastical History
732:—by Aidan's successor
672:
661:, son of the apostate
567:
354:
3010:
2127:London: Seaby, 1990.
1903:Blair, Peter Hunter,
1806:, Book IV, Chapter 19
1386:Life of Saint Columba
1324:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1307:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1217:, Book IV, Chapter 5.
878:Colmán of Lindisfarne
850:, the battle-dodging
775:. It is assumed that
667:
558:
352:
298:Battle of the Winwaed
3333:Anglo-Saxon warriors
3224:Monarchs of Bernicia
3011:Offa (757–796)
2295:Oswiu of Northumbria
2057:Anglo-Saxon England.
1310:to have fought with
785:Cadafael ap Cynfeddw
750:Battle of the Winwæd
704:Aidan of Lindisfarne
678:, Oswiu established
642:, lying between the
551:Aidan of Lindisfarne
542:Battle of Maserfield
2755:Olaf I Guthfrithson
2310:Æthelbald of Mercia
1509:Anna of East Anglia
1359:Annals of Tigernach
1320:Battle of Degsastan
960:. He was buried at
948:, succeeded him as
812:Eorcenberht of Kent
798:Overlord of Britain
526:Cadwallon ap Cadfan
509:, and the birth of
471:Battle of Degsastan
265:One of the sons of
41:King of Northumbria
18:Oswy of Northumbria
3338:Bernician monarchs
3013:
2817:Monarchs of Mercia
2673:Viking Northumbria
2305:Æthelred of Mercia
2300:Wulfhere of Mercia
2290:Oswald of Bernicia
2275:Æthelberht of Kent
2053:Stenton, Sir Frank
1905:The World of Bede.
1791:Easter controversy
1637:Historia Brittonum
1606:; Keynes, "Penda".
1543:Kings and Kingdoms
1530:Kings and Kingdoms
1241:Kings and Kingdoms
1172:Kings and Kingdoms
1159:Kings and Kingdoms
1146:Kings and Kingdoms
1133:Kings and Kingdoms
1120:Kings and Kingdoms
1107:Kings and Kingdoms
1024:Oswy and his wife
934:Theodore of Tarsus
820:Sigeberht the Good
769:Historia Brittonum
756:, which is to say
728:—in the region of
654:for Oswiu's sons.
619:Historia Brittonum
600:was the mother of
584:(644/645–685) and
536:Eanflæd and Oswine
524:and was killed by
495:Battle of Fid Eóin
452:Old Irish language
355:
104:Wulfhere of Mercia
3310:
3309:
3190:
3189:
3104:Monarchs of Deira
3070:
3069:
2824:Kingdom of Mercia
2783:
2782:
2346:
2345:
2320:Cœnwulf of Mercia
2270:Ceawlin of Wessex
2161:978-1-873827-62-8
2151:Zaluckyj, Sarah,
1887:Leo Sherley-Price
1639:, Chapters 64–65.
1545:, p. 76, table 9.
1532:, p. 75, table 8.
1505:Cenwalh of Wessex
1316:King of Dál Riata
1312:Áedán mac Gabráin
1304:, is said by the
1302:Hussa of Bernicia
1109:, pp. 78–79, 105.
816:Cenwalh of Wessex
467:Áedán mac Gabráin
459:King of Dál Riata
225:
224:
16:(Redirected from
3365:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3194:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3074:
2988:Æthelred II
2983:Ceolwulf II
2810:
2803:
2796:
2787:
2678:
2545:
2472:
2394:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2350:
2339:
2325:Egbert of Wessex
2247:
2240:
2233:
2224:
2219:
2211:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2137:Yorke, Barbara,
2103:
2101:
2099:
2090:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1936:The Age of Bede.
1885:. Translated by
1873:
1871:
1869:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1833:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1783:
1777:
1770:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1684:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1648:Kirby, p. 96–97.
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1613:
1607:
1596:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1570:Annals of Ulster
1565:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1539:
1533:
1526:
1520:
1502:
1496:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1426:
1415:
1408:
1402:
1395:
1389:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1270:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1237:
1231:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1116:
1110:
1103:
1050:John the Apostle
1046:Saint Laurentius
950:King of Bernicia
644:North York Moors
323:Celtic Christian
250:from 642 and of
248:King of Bernicia
230:, also known as
32:
21:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3226:
3221:
3191:
3186:
3106:
3101:
3071:
3066:
3035:
3014:
3002:
2938:Ceolwulf I
2888:Æthelred I
2825:
2819:
2814:
2784:
2779:
2676:
2675:
2666:
2543:
2542:
2533:
2470:
2469:
2460:
2392:
2391:
2382:
2377:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2329:
2256:
2251:
2202:
2190:
2177:
2175:
2166:
2106:Williams, Ann,
2097:
2095:
2088:
2083:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1948:Fraser, James,
1867:
1865:
1860:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1797:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1687:
1678:
1674:
1665:
1661:
1657:Or not, needed.
1656:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1614:
1610:
1597:
1590:
1581:
1577:
1567:Fraser, p. 20;
1566:
1562:
1553:
1549:
1540:
1536:
1527:
1523:
1503:
1499:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1405:
1396:
1392:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1234:
1225:
1221:
1212:
1205:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1156:
1152:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1084:
1022:
980:
926:
910:
874:synod of Whitby
870:
868:Synod of Whitby
864:
852:King of Gwynedd
800:
692:
592:(died 697) and
575:Kingdom of Kent
538:
347:
335:Synod of Whitby
294:Penda of Mercia
260:Catholic Church
256:Synod of Whitby
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
152:
148:
137:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3371:
3369:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3315:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3197:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3054:
3051:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3019:Later monarchs
3016:
3015:
3005:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2765:Olaf II Cuaran
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2745:Sitric I Caech
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2602:Æthelwald Moll
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2315:Offa of Mercia
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:Edwin of Deira
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Ælle of Sussex
2261:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2206:, ed. (1911).
2204:Chisholm, Hugh
2200:
2189:
2188:External links
2186:
2185:
2184:
2164:
2149:
2135:
2121:Yorke, Barbara
2118:
2104:
2081:
2067:
2050:
2036:
2022:
2008:
1996:Higham, N.J.,
1994:
1982:Higham, N.J.,
1980:
1960:
1946:
1929:
1915:
1901:
1874:
1858:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1821:
1808:
1795:
1793:, see Stevens.
1778:
1762:
1750:
1741:
1724:
1715:
1698:
1685:
1672:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1629:
1608:
1588:
1575:
1560:
1547:
1534:
1521:
1497:
1495:, pp. 252–253.
1480:
1471:
1456:
1447:
1434:
1416:
1414:, pp. 220–221.
1403:
1390:
1373:
1364:
1350:
1341:
1328:
1300:, son of King
1289:
1271:
1258:
1245:
1232:
1219:
1203:
1197:Fryde et al.,
1190:
1176:
1163:
1150:
1137:
1135:, pp. 82, 105.
1124:
1111:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
979:
976:
966:Edwin of Deira
925:
922:
909:
906:
890:Eata of Hexham
872:In 664 at the
866:Main article:
863:
860:
799:
796:
730:Hadrian's Wall
691:
688:
636:Firth of Forth
537:
534:
491:Cenél nGabráin
465:, son of that
346:
343:
290:Edwin of Deira
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
163:
157:
156:
143:
139:
138:
133:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
85:655 or 656–658
83:
79:
78:
76:King of Mercia
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3370:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3218:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3043:Also King of
3042:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3009:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:527–918
2822:
2818:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2776:
2775:Eric Bloodaxe
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2677:867–954
2674:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2544:642–867
2541:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2471:560–679
2468:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2393:547–670
2390:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2209:"Oswio"
2205:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:0-582-77292-3
2144:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2133:1-85264-027-8
2130:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:0-333-56798-6
2113:
2109:
2105:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2079:0-631-22492-0
2076:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2065:0-19-280139-2
2062:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:0-04-445691-3
2045:
2041:
2038:Kirby, D.P.,
2037:
2035:
2034:0-631-22492-0
2031:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2020:0-631-22492-0
2017:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2006:0-86299-730-5
2003:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1992:0-7190-4828-1
1989:
1985:
1981:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1958:0-7524-3962-6
1955:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1944:0-140-44727-X
1941:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:0-521-36395-0
1924:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:0-521-39138-5
1910:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1899:0-14-044565-X
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1863:
1859:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1787:Convert Kings
1782:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:Chisholm 1911
1754:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1737:Convert Kings
1734:
1728:
1725:
1722:Kirby, p. 96.
1719:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:Convert Kings
1702:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1668:Convert Kings
1663:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1493:Convert Kings
1490:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:Convert Kings
1407:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1161:, pp. 79, 82.
1160:
1154:
1151:
1148:, pp. 48, 80.
1147:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:Saint Pancras
1055:
1054:Saint Gregory
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:Pope Vitalian
1031:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
977:
975:
973:
969:
967:
963:
959:
958:King of Deira
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
923:
921:
919:
915:
907:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
869:
861:
859:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
837:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
797:
795:
793:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
705:
701:
697:
689:
687:
685:
681:
680:Gilling Abbey
677:
671:
666:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
623:
621:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
566:
564:
563:cousin-german
557:
554:
552:
547:
543:
535:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
507:Cenél nEógain
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:Eochaid Buide
460:
455:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
351:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:Gilling Abbey
311:
309:
308:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
221:
218:
214:
211:
210:Acha of Deira
208:
204:
201:
198:
194:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3060:overlordship
3056:Recognising
2877:
2750:Guthfrith II
2551:
2508:
2455:
2294:
2213:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:
2152:
2138:
2124:
2107:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:
2070:
2056:
2039:
2025:
2011:
1997:
1983:
1972:. Retrieved
1968:
1949:
1935:
1918:
1904:
1880:
1866:. Retrieved
1850:. Retrieved
1829:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1786:
1781:
1773:
1753:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1718:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1667:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1599:
1583:
1578:
1568:
1563:
1555:
1550:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1524:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1474:
1464:
1459:
1450:
1442:
1437:
1429:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1367:
1357:
1353:
1348:Grimmer, §8.
1344:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1305:
1292:
1284:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1248:
1243:, p. 78, 79.
1240:
1235:
1227:
1222:
1214:
1198:
1193:
1179:
1171:
1166:
1158:
1153:
1145:
1140:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1106:
1101:
1069:
1036:around 665:
1028:were gifted
1023:
970:
964:, alongside
962:Whitby Abbey
927:
911:
871:
845:
828:
805:
801:
791:
780:
772:
768:
766:
753:
746:
725:
720:. Peada was
708:
693:
673:
668:
656:
624:
617:
579:
568:
559:
555:
539:
515:
478:
475:Irish annals
456:
445:
422:
383:
356:
319:Whitby Abbey
312:
305:
283:
264:
235:
231:
227:
226:
220:Christianity
135:Whitby Abbey
29:
3323:610s births
3049:East Anglia
2700:Guthfrith I
2647:Æthelred II
2540:Northumbria
1891:R.E. Latham
1573:, s.a. 650.
1517:East Anglia
1038:Saint Peter
1020:Holy relics
914:Æthelthryth
902:Palm Sunday
522:apostatised
487:Connad Cerr
425:Northumbria
373:and sister
279:Northumbria
252:Northumbria
240:Old English
90:Predecessor
55:Predecessor
3328:670 deaths
3317:Categories
3277:Æthelfrith
3265:Frithuwald
3127:Æthelfrith
3058:West Saxon
2973:Beorhtwulf
2730:Halfdan II
2720:Airdeconut
2637:Ælfwald II
2612:Æthelred I
2489:Æthelfrith
2436:Æthelfrith
2426:Frithuwald
2254:Bretwaldas
1889:, revised
1839:References
1711:Eormenhild
1604:River Went
1513:Blythburgh
1042:Saint Paul
938:pilgrimage
710:D.P. Kirby
632:River Tees
610:Rieinmelth
461:, such as
400:in modern
363:Æthelfrith
267:Æthelfrith
200:Æthelfrith
154:Rieinmelth
3303:(642–670)
3297:(634–641)
3291:(632–633)
3285:(616–632)
3279:(593–616)
3273:(585–593)
3267:(579–585)
3261:(572–579)
3255:(568–572)
3249:(560–568)
3243:(559–560)
3237:(547–559)
3183:(670–679)
3175:Alchfrith
3171:(654–670)
3165:(651–654)
3163:Œthelwald
3159:(644–651)
3153:(642–644)
3147:(634–642)
3141:(633–634)
3135:(616–632)
3129:(604–616)
3123:(589–604)
3117:(559–588)
3026:Æthelstan
2993:Æthelflæd
2943:Beornwulf
2908:Æthelbald
2760:Sitric II
2740:Ragnall I
2715:Æthelwold
2705:Siefredus
2695:Halfdan I
2671:Kings of
2617:Ælfwald I
2567:Eadwulf I
2562:Ealdfrith
2538:Kings of
2519:Œthelwald
2465:Kings of
2387:Kings of
856:Swithhelm
808:Æthelwold
762:Æthelhere
608:princess
546:Œthelwald
501:princess
493:, at the
477:name one
398:Dál Riata
307:bretwalda
286:Dál Riata
166:Ealhfrith
100:Successor
65:Successor
3289:Eanfrith
3259:Theodric
3253:Æthelric
3121:Æthelric
2958:Ecgberht
2933:Cynehelm
2928:Coenwulf
2923:Ecgfrith
2913:Beornred
2903:Ceolwald
2883:Wulfhere
2843:Cynewald
2685:Ecgberht
2632:Eardwulf
2622:Osred II
2592:Eadberht
2587:Ceolwulf
2557:Ecgfrith
2529:Ælfwine
2524:Alhfrith
2484:Æthelric
2446:Eanfrith
2421:Theodric
2416:Æthelric
2389:Bernicia
2178:22 April
1868:22 April
1852:22 April
1785:Higham,
1705:Higham,
1666:Higham,
1625:Stirling
1410:Higham,
1122:, p. 79.
1082:See also
1014:Ealhflæd
1009:Aldfrith
999:Osthryth
989:Ecgfrith
984:Alhfrith
946:Ecgfrith
908:Ecgfrith
848:Cadafael
841:Trumhere
836:Wulfhere
824:Talorcan
792:Cadomedd
781:Historia
777:Ecgfrith
726:Ad Murum
722:baptised
714:Cyneburh
700:Bamburgh
652:appanage
646:and the
628:Bernicia
602:Aldfrith
590:Osthryth
582:Ecgfrith
518:Eanfrith
511:Aldfrith
499:Uí Néill
483:ætheling
443:in 633.
410:Midlands
408:and the
402:Scotland
396:and the
386:Æthelric
367:Eanfrith
339:Ecgfrith
302:Alhfrith
216:Religion
190:Osthryth
182:Ealhflæd
178:Aldfrith
170:Ecgfrith
69:Ecgfrith
3181:Ælfwine
2998:Ælfwynn
2978:Burgred
2968:Wigstan
2963:Wigmund
2898:Ceolred
2893:Coenred
2690:Ricsige
2657:Osberht
2652:Redwulf
2607:Ealhred
2577:Coenred
2572:Osred I
2194:Oswiu 1
2098:6 April
1974:6 April
1619:, also
1239:Yorke,
1201:, p. 5.
1187:. 1892.
1170:Yorke,
1157:Yorke,
1144:Yorke,
1131:Yorke,
1118:Yorke,
1105:Yorke,
1076:Wighard
1062:Eanflæd
1026:Eanflæd
1004:Ælfflæd
994:Ælfwine
954:Ælfwine
882:Wilfrid
789:epithet
684:Gilling
634:to the
606:British
594:Ælfflæd
586:Ælfwine
571:Eanflæd
505:of the
437:Ireland
414:Rædwald
331:Eanflæd
186:Ælfflæd
174:Ælfwine
146:Eanflæd
50:642–670
3358:Idings
3295:Oswald
3241:Glappa
3157:Oswine
3145:Oswald
3031:Eadgar
2953:Wiglaf
2948:Ludeca
2848:Creoda
2838:Cnebba
2735:Ingwær
2725:Eowils
2642:Eanred
2627:Osbald
2597:Oswulf
2514:Oswine
2504:Oswald
2451:Oswald
2406:Glappa
2159:
2145:
2131:
2114:
2077:
2063:
2046:
2032:
2018:
2004:
1990:
1956:
1942:
1932:Eddius
1925:
1911:
1897:
1828:Bede,
1802:Bede,
1772:Bede,
1731:Bede,
1679:Bede,
1598:Bede,
1554:Bede,
1441:Bede,
1428:Bede,
1397:Bede,
1380:Bede,
1298:Hering
1283:Bede,
1265:Bede,
1252:Bede,
1226:Bede,
1213:Bede,
1174:p. 82.
1056:, and
1030:relics
978:Family
972:Alcuin
831:Easter
754:Loidis
659:Oswine
648:Humber
614:Rheged
530:Oswald
473:. The
371:Oswald
271:Oswald
206:Mother
196:Father
142:Spouse
130:Burial
117:c. 612
59:Oswald
3301:Oswiu
3283:Edwin
3271:Hussa
3169:Oswiu
3151:Oswiu
3139:Osric
3133:Edwin
2878:Oswiu
2873:Peada
2863:Penda
2858:Cearl
2853:Pybba
2582:Osric
2552:Oswiu
2509:Oswiu
2499:Osric
2494:Edwin
2467:Deira
2456:Oswiu
2441:Edwin
2431:Hussa
2089:(PDF)
1621:Giudi
1617:Iudeu
1489:H. E.
1094:Notes
924:Death
894:Ripon
892:from
773:Iudeu
758:Leeds
742:Diuma
734:Finan
718:Peada
696:Penda
690:Penda
676:saint
663:Osric
640:Deira
433:Picts
429:Gaels
406:Wales
394:Picts
390:Edwin
327:Roman
275:Deira
244:Ōswīg
236:Oswig
228:Oswiu
161:Issue
94:Peada
82:Reign
47:Reign
35:Oswiu
3247:Adda
3115:Ælla
3047:and
3045:Kent
2918:Offa
2868:Eowa
2833:Icel
2710:Cnut
2662:Ælla
2479:Ælla
2411:Adda
2180:2007
2157:ISBN
2143:ISBN
2129:ISBN
2112:ISBN
2100:2007
2075:ISBN
2061:ISBN
2044:ISBN
2030:ISBN
2016:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1988:ISBN
1976:2007
1954:ISBN
1940:ISBN
1923:ISBN
1909:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1877:Bede
1870:2007
1854:2007
1066:Bede
942:Rome
918:Anna
898:Lent
888:and
767:The
740:and
738:Cedd
431:and
379:Acha
375:Æbbe
369:and
359:Bede
317:and
232:Oswy
122:Died
114:Born
3235:Ida
2401:Ida
2196:at
1068:in
940:to
904:".
724:at
682:at
612:of
598:Fín
503:Fín
404:to
234:or
150:Fín
3319::
2212:.
2171:.
2123:,
2091:.
2055:,
1967:.
1879:,
1765:^
1591:^
1419:^
1322:;
1314:,
1274:^
1206:^
1078:.
1060:.
1052:,
1048:,
1044:,
1040:,
932:,
920:.
814:.
420:.
262:.
242::
3216:e
3209:t
3202:v
3096:e
3089:t
3082:v
2809:e
2802:t
2795:v
2372:e
2365:t
2358:v
2246:e
2239:t
2232:v
2182:.
2163:.
2102:.
1978:.
1872:.
1856:.
1819:.
1760:.
1519:.
481:—
238:(
20:)
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