317:
36:
1524:
1519:
515:
and was taken to a hospital; he was in recovery until the summer of 1856. When he returned to the wreck on 1 July 1856, he found the safe and money were gone. Another diver, Eliot
Harrington, had found them both and hauled them to the surface. $ 36,700 was taken from
381:
soon flooded the boilers, bringing the ship to a halt. The passengers and crew began to panic, many throwing anything that would float over the side of the ship before jumping over the side themselves, where many drowned. An attempt was made to launch
523:
safe, at a time when a decent wage was a dollar a day. American
Express went to court for the money; the ending settlement gave Harrington and the four others who worked with him a bit under $ 2,000 each, with American Express taking the rest.
166:
on 20 August 1852, with the loss of at least 150 but perhaps as many as 300 lives. The loss of life made this disaster, in terms of loss of life from the sinking of a single vessel, the fifth-worst tragedy in the history of the Great Lakes.
245:
was now dangerously overcrowded, with 500–600 people aboard; the ship's clerk did not keep an exact count. Baggage was piled on the deck, and passengers stayed wherever they could, including on the uppermost hurricane deck and the roof of
389:
three boats; one capsized, and
Captain Petty suffered a concussion while lowering another, leaving him unable to provide any more assistance. The two other boats were lowered, carrying mostly crew members. The bow of
240:
to pick up even more
Norwegian immigrants waiting for ships to take them west to Detroit. Around half of the immigrants waiting were taken aboard; roughly seventy had to be left behind due to lack of space.
447:
sank completely. The ship did not carry detailed passenger lists, but estimates range from at least 130 lives lost up to 300 lives lost, with an estimated death toll of 250 being common.
458:
steamed to the nearest port, which was Erie, Pennsylvania. While there, a group of passengers met and issued a resolution. In it, they condemned the incompetence of the officers of
186:
was relatively large for the time, 267 feet (81 m) long with a tonnage of 1,155 tons, a beam of 33 feet (10 m), and a depth of 12.5 feet (3.8 m). She had 85
1576:
1561:
1551:
328:
257:
left Erie. The lake was calm; the sources are unclear about the level of visibility, with reports indicating everything from a light mist to a heavy fog.
1566:
1287:
224:
left
Buffalo, heading for Detroit, under the command of Captain J. Byron Pettey. Every cabin was full, and over 250 passengers were on the deck, many
1571:
1200:
1172:
1125:
1097:
1076:
1145:
St. Clair County, Michigan, Its
History and Its People: A Narrative Account of Its Historical Progress and Its Principal Interests
1556:
1190:
1248:
313:
steam whistle was broken, McNeil ran out onto the ship's deck and yelled to try and get the other ship to turn to starboard.
1143:
1162:
1280:
528:
316:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1296:
462:
with the exception of the clerk, Mr. Givon. They also spoke out against the poor quality of the life preservers on
492:
rests mostly intact under 150 feet (46 m) of water near Long Point. That fall, diver John Green was hired by
563:
201:
1469:
1273:
1238:
1066:
562:
belonged to
Ontario. To protect the wreck, an electronic monitoring system was installed that will alert the
531:, who ruled that both ships were at fault. In 1867, the Western Wrecking Company was formed to try and raise
1087:
1418:
512:
503:
safe and money known to be in a cabin, but his attempts failed. In 1855, Green returned with the schooner
412:
Captain
Richardson reached that conclusion after examining the damage to his ship, or because the crew of
1479:
1342:
179:
554:
rests inside
Canadian waters, the government of Ontario moved to prevent the removal of artifacts from
542:
diver
Michael Lynn Fletcher; the aquatic plants formerly covering the wreck were largely eaten away by
1546:
1353:
272:
1459:
539:
478:
276:
225:
197:
56:
1391:
1372:
1045:
237:
1115:
275:, carrying a load of wheat. At 2 am on 20 August 1852, the paths of the two ships crossed near
35:
1448:
1381:
1322:
1312:
1244:
1196:
1168:
1121:
1093:
1072:
205:
1217:
1265:
493:
1429:
1411:
1364:
268:
229:
20:
550:, and paid the state of Ohio $ 14,000 to reform the Western Wrecking Company. But since
474:
416:, after stopping their ship to check for damage, heard screams coming from the sinking
546:. In 1991, a California-based diving company, Mar-Dive, announced that they had found
1540:
1500:
1332:
543:
1401:
212:; she set a speed record of 16 and a half hours for a trip between the two cities.
394:
began to sink, but the stern was kept above water by air trapped inside the ship.
377:
made no effort to alert all the passengers. Water flowing in through the hole in
1089:
Colonel Henry Theodore Titus: Antebellum Soldier of Fortune and Florida Pioneer
261:
187:
159:
155:
283:, the first mate, Degrass McNeil, was on duty. He spotted the lights from
209:
52:
818:
816:
814:
812:
558:, taking the issue to Ontario divisional court. The judge ruled that
1117:
Lake Erie stories : struggle and survival on a freshwater ocean
295:
changed course, turning north as though trying to pass in front of
1068:
Many a midnight ship : true stories of Great Lakes shipwrecks
315:
291:
would pass at least a half mile ahead of the other ship. But then
1269:
1195:(2nd ed.). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. pp. 68, 212–214.
1148:. St. Clair County, MI: Lewis publishing Company. p. 406
196:
was owned by E. B. Ward of Detroit, or E. B. and S. Ward of
1071:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 74–90.
342:
on the port side, forward of the paddlewheel, cutting into
178:
was built in 1848 or 1849 in Newport, Michigan, now called
893:
891:
889:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
629:
627:
625:
689:
687:
685:
527:
The legal battle over the cause of the wreck went to the
1012:
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985:
983:
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968:
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876:
874:
872:
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833:
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306:
engines reversed and the ship turned to port, and since
822:
708:
706:
704:
702:
672:
670:
668:
666:
580:
578:
435:
stern and rescued others from the water. Shortly after
612:
610:
361:
continued away under full steam. Perhaps reassured by
507:, located the safe, and moved it out to the deck of
1491:
1303:
1243:. Wayne State University Press. pp. 142–146.
597:
595:
593:
369:back onto its regular course. Many passengers on
566:if a vessel stays for too long above the wreck.
373:were awakened by the collision, but the crew of
204:. She was put into service making trips between
535:, but this plan was abandoned two years later.
428:ten minutes later; her crew took survivors off
1281:
8:
1120:. Toronto: Dundurn Press. pp. 122–128.
633:
511:. But Green contracted a near-fatal case of
439:took the last survivors off of the deck of
1288:
1274:
1266:
1164:Lost passenger steamships of Lake Michigan
1297:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1852
897:
803:
767:
693:
473:Among the survivors of the disaster was
19:For other ships with the same name, see
1016:
1001:
989:
972:
957:
945:
933:
921:
880:
861:
849:
782:
724:
712:
645:
584:
574:
190:and a capacity of over 300 passengers.
1192:Great Lakes shipwrecks & survivals
1028:
837:
755:
736:
676:
657:
538:The wreck was rediscovered in 1984 by
424:turned around and found the half-sunk
25:
616:
16:American steamboat which sank in 1852
7:
1577:Ships built in Marine City, Michigan
1562:Passenger ships of the United States
1552:Paddle steamers of the United States
909:
601:
220:On the afternoon of 19 August 1852,
98:Sunk after collision, 20 August 1852
1086:Cova, Antonio Rafael de la (2016).
253:cabin. At 11 pm on 19 August 1852,
162:after a collision with the steamer
327:collide. From an illustration for
14:
1567:Maritime incidents in August 1852
1167:. Charleston, SC: History Press.
1522:
1517:
1092:. Univ of South Carolina Press.
334:McNeil's actions came too late.
267:was heading the other way, from
232:, or other European immigrants.
34:
496:to dive the wreck and retrieve
405:was in trouble, either because
365:steaming away, McNeil steered
353:reversed and backed away from
1:
1050:Buffalo Commercial Advertiser
466:and commended the captain of
260:Meanwhile, the new propeller
823:Statement of Passengers 1852
470:for returning to the scene.
349:side down to the waterline.
1142:Jenks, William Lee (1912).
529:United States Supreme Court
1593:
1237:Thompson, Mark L. (2004).
18:
1512:
1499:November (unknown date):
1218:"Statement of Passengers"
1189:Ratigan, William (1973).
564:Ontario Provincial Police
202:Michigan Central Railroad
102:
42:
33:
1572:Ships sunk in collisions
1052:. 26 May 1849. p. 2
1557:Shipwrecks of Lake Erie
397:Meanwhile, the crew of
171:Construction and career
103:General characteristics
1240:Graveyard of the Lakes
1222:Buffalo Daily Republic
1161:Mane, Ted St. (2010).
1065:Bourrie, Mark (2005).
331:
182:, by J. L. Wolverton.
135:12.5 feet (3.8 m)
55:or E. B. and S. Ward,
1427:July (unknown date):
1114:Fraser, Chad (2008).
319:
477:, future founder of
273:Ogdensburg, New York
200:and operated by the
119:267 feet (81 m)
540:Port Dover, Ontario
479:Titusville, Florida
329:Gleason's Pictorial
198:St. Clair, Michigan
127:33 feet (10 m)
30:
332:
287:but was sure that
238:Erie, Pennsylvania
26:
1534:
1533:
1471:Sir Fowell Buxton
1004:, pp. 87–88.
960:, pp. 85–86.
936:, pp. 84–85.
864:, pp. 81–82.
634:The Atlantic 1849
299:. McNeil ordered
210:Detroit, Michigan
206:Buffalo, New York
147:
146:
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1526:
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1224:. 25 August 1852
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494:American Express
434:
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38:
31:
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1586:
1585:
1583:
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1492:Other incidents
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143:300+ passengers
66:J. L. Wolverton
24:
21:Atlantic (ship)
17:
12:
11:
5:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1574:
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1478:Unknown date:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1383:Winfield Scott
1377:
1360:
1349:
1338:
1328:
1324:General Warren
1318:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1300:
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1214:
1201:
1186:
1173:
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1139:
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1098:
1083:
1077:
1062:
1046:"The Atlantic"
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1031:, p. 128.
1021:
1006:
994:
977:
962:
950:
938:
926:
914:
902:
900:, p. 145.
885:
866:
854:
842:
840:, p. 126.
827:
808:
806:, p. 144.
787:
772:
770:, p. 143.
760:
758:, p. 125.
741:
739:, p. 124.
729:
727:, p. 213.
717:
698:
696:, p. 142.
681:
679:, p. 123.
662:
660:, p. 122.
650:
648:, p. 212.
638:
621:
619:, p. 406.
606:
589:
573:
571:
568:
486:
483:
475:Henry T. Titus
452:
449:
401:realized that
217:
214:
172:
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145:
144:
141:
137:
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133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
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117:
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100:
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92:
91:
88:
87:Out of service
84:
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68:
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64:
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49:
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40:
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1242:
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1219:
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1204:
1202:9780802870100
1198:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1176:
1174:9781614232155
1170:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1129:
1127:9781550027822
1123:
1119:
1118:
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1101:
1099:9781611176575
1095:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1078:9780472031368
1074:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1019:, p. 89.
1018:
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1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
995:
992:, p. 87.
991:
986:
984:
982:
978:
975:, p. 86.
974:
969:
967:
963:
959:
954:
951:
948:, p. 85.
947:
942:
939:
935:
930:
927:
924:, p. 84.
923:
918:
915:
911:
906:
903:
899:
898:Thompson 2004
894:
892:
890:
886:
883:, p. 82.
882:
877:
875:
873:
871:
867:
863:
858:
855:
852:, p. 81.
851:
846:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
815:
813:
809:
805:
804:Thompson 2004
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
788:
785:, p. 79.
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
768:Thompson 2004
764:
761:
757:
752:
750:
748:
746:
742:
738:
733:
730:
726:
721:
718:
715:, p. 77.
714:
709:
707:
705:
703:
699:
695:
694:Thompson 2004
690:
688:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
669:
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654:
651:
647:
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635:
630:
628:
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622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
594:
590:
587:, p. 68.
586:
581:
579:
575:
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:zebra mussels
541:
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177:
170:
168:
165:
161:
158:that sank in
157:
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50:
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41:
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32:
29:
22:
1501:
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1419:
1413:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1371:
1366:
1355:
1344:
1333:
1323:
1313:
1254:. Retrieved
1239:
1226:. Retrieved
1221:
1206:. Retrieved
1191:
1178:. Retrieved
1163:
1150:. Retrieved
1144:
1131:. Retrieved
1116:
1103:. Retrieved
1088:
1067:
1054:. Retrieved
1049:
1024:
1017:Bourrie 2005
1002:Bourrie 2005
997:
990:Bourrie 2005
973:Bourrie 2005
958:Bourrie 2005
953:
946:Bourrie 2005
941:
934:Bourrie 2005
929:
922:Bourrie 2005
917:
905:
881:Bourrie 2005
862:Bourrie 2005
857:
850:Bourrie 2005
845:
783:Bourrie 2005
763:
732:
725:Ratigan 1973
720:
713:Bourrie 2005
653:
646:Ratigan 1973
641:
585:Ratigan 1973
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555:
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216:Final voyage
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183:
175:
174:
163:
150:
149:
148:
74:1848 or 1849
51:E. B. Ward,
27:
1547:1840s ships
1481:Ticonderoga
1228:10 December
1105:10 December
1029:Fraser 2008
838:Fraser 2008
756:Fraser 2008
737:Fraser 2008
677:Fraser 2008
658:Fraser 2008
279:. On board
271:, Ohio, to
236:stopped at
180:Marine City
1541:Categories
1502:Archimedes
1420:Henry Clay
1345:Birkenhead
1304:Shipwrecks
1256:5 December
1250:0814332269
1208:3 December
1180:3 December
1152:3 December
1133:5 December
1056:5 December
1038:References
617:Jenks 1912
468:Ogdensburg
456:Ogdensburg
437:Ogdensburg
422:Ogdensburg
414:Ogdensburg
407:Ogdensburg
399:Ogdensburg
367:Ogdensburg
351:Ogdensburg
336:Ogdensburg
325:Ogdensburg
308:Ogdensburg
301:Ogdensburg
297:Ogdensburg
289:Ogdensburg
281:Ogdensburg
277:Long Point
265:Ogdensburg
188:staterooms
164:Ogdensburg
79:In service
1449:HMS
1412:HMS
1365:HMS
1356:Vengeance
1354:HMS
1343:HMS
910:Cova 2016
602:Mane 2010
513:the bends
485:The wreck
451:Aftermath
269:Cleveland
226:Norwegian
160:Lake Erie
156:steamboat
111:1155 tons
71:Completed
57:St. Clair
1468:16 Dec:
1447:26 Aug:
1440:Atlantic
1437:20 Aug:
1410:28 Jul:
1400:22 Jun:
1390:28 May:
1380:30 Apr:
1352:13 Mar:
1341:26 Feb:
1331:18 Feb:
1321:30 Jan:
560:Atlantic
556:Atlantic
552:Atlantic
548:Atlantic
533:Atlantic
518:Atlantic
509:Atlantic
505:Yorktown
498:Atlantic
490:Atlantic
464:Atlantic
460:Atlantic
445:Atlantic
441:Atlantic
430:Atlantic
426:Atlantic
418:Atlantic
403:Atlantic
392:Atlantic
384:Atlantic
379:Atlantic
375:Atlantic
371:Atlantic
363:Atlantic
359:Atlantic
357:, while
355:Atlantic
344:Atlantic
340:Atlantic
321:Atlantic
293:Atlantic
285:Atlantic
255:Atlantic
248:Atlantic
243:Atlantic
234:Atlantic
222:Atlantic
194:Atlantic
184:Atlantic
176:Atlantic
151:Atlantic
140:Capacity
82:May 1849
28:Atlantic
1458:3 Dec:
1430:America
1363:9 Apr:
1311:3 Jan:
338:rammed
262:steamer
108:Tonnage
63:Builder
53:Detroit
43:History
1461:Yankee
1451:Vestal
1393:Dorset
1373:Saluda
1334:Active
1314:Amazon
1247:
1199:
1171:
1124:
1096:
1075:
521:'s
501:'s
433:'s
410:'s
387:'s
347:'s
311:'s
304:'s
251:'s
154:was a
116:Length
1403:Henri
570:Notes
230:Irish
132:Depth
48:Owner
1528:1853
1515:1851
1414:Dido
1367:Dido
1258:2016
1245:ISBN
1230:2016
1210:2016
1197:ISBN
1182:2016
1169:ISBN
1154:2016
1135:2016
1122:ISBN
1107:2016
1094:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1058:2016
323:and
208:and
124:Beam
95:Fate
90:1852
1543::
1417:,
1370:,
1220:.
1048:.
1009:^
980:^
965:^
888:^
869:^
830:^
811:^
790:^
775:^
744:^
701:^
684:^
665:^
624:^
609:^
592:^
577:^
481:.
443:,
420:.
228:,
1289:e
1282:t
1275:v
1260:.
1232:.
1212:.
1184:.
1156:.
1137:.
1109:.
1081:.
1060:.
912:.
825:.
636:.
604:.
23:.
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