40:
640:
625:
182:
655:
53:
31:
517:
278:, with male and female flowers occurring on separate plants. The male flowers are at the ends of branches in disjunct beads, whereas the female flowers grow along panicles in dense clusters typically around 20 cm in length. After the female flower has been fertilised, leafy bracts become enlarged and surround the developing seed.
266:
with a subsequent root system that is moderate to deep. It is an evergreen plant, with simple alternate leaves that often have dull teeth and are irregular in shape, varying between circular and triangular. The leaves range between 1–5 cm long and have a silvery-grey coating on both sides with a
530:
generally produces small wind-pollinated flowers throughout the winter months (June–August), although this may vary according to seasonal temperature fluctuations. Seed production is often subject to immense variation with saltbush fruit commonly containing no seeds. The seeds that do develop
1287:
Moreno, Greicy Mitzi
Bezerra; Borba, Hirasilva; Araújo, Gherman Garcia Leal de; Voltolini, Tadeu Vinhas; Moraes, Salete Alves de; Sobrinho, Américo Garcia da Silva; Neto, Oscar Boaventura; Júnior, Dorgival Morais de Lima; Cirne, Luis Gabriel Alves (2017-03-02).
461:
soils and while extremely tolerant of both saline and alkaline conditions, it does not cope in an acidic environment. The species is able to grow in soils ranging from clays to sand, but is best suited to well-drained soils that have a deep profile.
483:
are the most common and can infest the plant, causing significant damage that results in the malformation of new growth. It may also become sporadically attacked by a native saltbush scale, usually managed naturally through environmental processes.
449:. Optimal growth is achieved in places where the mean annual temperature is between 15–24 °C and where rainfall is between 230–650mm per annum, though conditions outside this range may be tolerated once the plant has become well established.
952:
Bauder, J. W.; Browning, L. S.; Phelps, S. D.; Kirkpatrick, A. D. (2008). "Biomass
Production, Forage Quality, and Cation Uptake of Quail Bush, Four‐Wing Saltbush, and Seaside Barley irrigated with Moderately Saline–Sodic Water".
550:. This is primarily a result of its propensity to survive in harsh environments subject to flooding, drought and high levels of salinity, as well as being palatable to livestock due to the elevated mineral content of the plant.
281:
The seeds themselves are typically round with a thick, woody seed coat and an overall reddish-brown appearance. Attached only at the base, the fruiting bracteoles are fan shaped and generally grow between 0.5–1 cm wide.
557:
is also used as a windbreak, stock shade, crop shelter-belt, screen or hedge, firebreak, erosion control and soil binder particularly for stabilising sand dunes as well as rehabilitating eroded or scorched soils.
1372:
Hassine, Abir Ben; Lutts, Stanley (2010-11-15). "Differential responses of saltbush
Atriplex halimus L. exposed to salinity and water stress in relation to senescing hormones abscisic acid and ethylene".
866:
Seddon, Julian; Doyle, Stuart; Bourne, Mark; Maccallum, Richard; Briggs, Sue (2009). "Biodiversity benefits of alley farming with old man saltbush in central western New South Wales".
565:
people, and the leaves and roots were mashed and boiled with water, to bathe skin sores wounds and burns, while early settlers reportedly drank the same decoction to treat scurvy.
826:
Notes on trees and shrubs in arid and semi-arid regions – Programme on the
Ecological Management of Air and Semi-arid Rangelands in Africa and the Near and Middle East of
1867:
553:
The seeds from the plant are a traditional food source for many
Australian Aboriginal communities, both consuming them on their own and as a component of meals.
1906:
639:
2084:
1815:
1880:
1828:
477:
2109:
1984:
1719:
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1243:
833:
790:
429:. It has also been introduced to most Middle-Eastern and North African countries, as well as South Africa, Mexico, Chile, Spain and the USA.
2074:
624:
1924:
259:
is the largest species of
Australian saltbush, typically growing 2–4m wide and up to 3m tall in either a sprawling or erect arrangement.
1124:
Sadeghi, Hossein; Delaviz, Mohammad (June 2016). "Response of three new
Atriplex species (Atriplex spp.) to drought and its recovery".
2099:
1714:
445:
The name saltbush fittingly describes a function of the species in which they retain salt in their leaves absorbed with water through
2094:
2079:
590:
1488:
Biodiversity value of saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) plantings in mixed farming landscapes of the southern Mallee, South
Australia
654:
1854:
2023:
1885:
181:
275:
271:
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600:
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682:
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1997:
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species that is extremely hardy, thriving in particularly harsh environments such as saline and alkaline lowlands.
39:
1105:. Opera botanica. Vol. 39. Lund: Lund Botanical Society and the Dept. of Plant Taxonomy, University of Lund.
2104:
1911:
190:
52:
595:
2002:
1646:
1792:
715:"Studies on the Genus Atriplex L. (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. II. Lectotypification of Atriplex Elongata Guss"
1797:
1771:
1766:
1608:
580:
504:
341:
1680:
1580:
156:
1833:
1784:
1727:
400:
1259:
1958:
1552:
610:
605:
585:
1898:
2036:
1963:
1779:
1706:
1428:
1354:
1078:
1001:"Genetic diversity and multiple origins of polyploid Atriplex nummularia Lindl. (Chenopodiaceae)"
978:
929:
742:
470:
388:
197:
47:
1989:
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It develops a lattice of woody stems which branch from or close to ground level and utilises a
2064:
1945:
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1534:
1524:
1501:
1491:
1454:
1390:
1346:
1311:
1239:
1213:
1187:
1106:
1070:
1022:
970:
902:
Hodgkinson, Harmon S. (1987). "Relationship of
Saltbush Species to Soil Chemical Properties".
839:
829:
796:
786:
734:
418:
404:
311:
which contains approximately 165 genera and 2040 species. More recently, this was included in
1451:
The biology of
Atriplex: based on a symposium held in Deniliquin, N.S.W., 14-15 October, 1969
2069:
1950:
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307:
274:
variations with bisexual flowers have been reported this species is generally regarded as
249:
237:
and occurs in each of the mainland states, thriving in arid and semi-arid inland regions.
90:
1976:
1411:
Wallace, A.; Romney, E. M.; Mueller, R. T. (1982). "Sodium Relations in Desert Plants".
1971:
1758:
113:
77:
1172:
1155:
2058:
1424:
1017:
1000:
322:
313:
221:
123:
1474:
Working with Catchment Management Boards to expand the use of deep rooted perennials
1432:
1306:
1289:
982:
746:
2041:
1585:
294:
172:
30:
1693:
1670:
1657:
1290:"Digestibility and performance of lambs fed diets containing old man saltbush hay"
516:
1137:
1893:
1841:
1640:
1386:
490:
1631:
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occurs in several protected areas, including the following in New South Wales:
1217:
966:
434:
422:
408:
392:
1538:
1505:
1458:
1350:
1315:
1236:
Noongar Bush Medicine Medicinal plants of the south-west of Western Australia
1191:
1074:
1026:
974:
800:
738:
1937:
1753:
1740:
1156:"Seasonal chemical composition of saltbush in semiarid grasslands in Jordan"
843:
495:
458:
437:
in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres, favouring saline clay soils.
252:
234:
1394:
1110:
2015:
730:
2010:
1919:
1625:
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454:
133:
103:
1807:
1182:
924:
488:
is often used as a food source for the larvae of some species including
1932:
1820:
1701:
1358:
1160:
Rangeland Ecology & Management/Journal of Range Management Archives
1082:
933:
562:
446:
426:
356:
263:
1846:
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543:
1602:
1342:
1066:
915:
879:
714:
425:
regions of the world, occurring throughout Taiwan and many parts of
301:
which comprises 298–377 species commonly referred to as a saltbush.
531:
typically mature during the months of spring (September–November).
1859:
1745:
1103:
Evolutionary trends in the Atriplex prostrata group of Scandinavia
515:
337:
329:
64:
1490:. Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation. 2009.
1329:
Kramer, Paul J. (1982-03-01). "Saltbush Physiology and Ecology".
828:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1983.
1732:
1606:
546:
shrubs in Australia and has become widely cultivated for stock
352:
meaning "coin", referring to the circular shape of the leaves.
1053:
Strain, Boyd R. (1981). "Physiological Ecology of Atriplex".
561:
Grubs found in the roots were eaten either raw or roasted by
407:. It usually occurs on saline, low-lying clay soils such as
411:, but is highly adaptable and can occur in most soils.
1149:
1147:
1615:
1212:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
955:Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis
1154:El-Shatnawi, M. K. J.; Mohawesh, Y. M. (2000).
1096:
1094:
1092:
1238:. Crawley WA: UWA Publishing. pp. 126–7.
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
465:Though a saline environment deters most pests
1594:Atriplex nummularia Lindl. – Old-Man Saltbush
685:Atriplex nummularia Lindl. – Old-Man Saltbush
225:and is a large woody shrub known commonly as
8:
1406:
1404:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
433:is typically found in lowland areas such as
1476:. Orange, NSW: Dept. of Primary Industries.
1282:
1280:
994:
992:
1603:
1557:New South Wales Parks and Wildlife Service
1444:
1442:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
999:Sampson, Jane F.; Byrne, Margaret (2012).
947:
945:
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861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
776:
180:
38:
29:
20:
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1005:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
923:
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219:is a species of saltbush from the family
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
674:
620:
1203:
1201:
379:Originally a native Australian plant,
1523:(2nd ed.). Sydney: New Holland.
783:A guide to plants of inland Australia
7:
2029:1c3973ea-5147-4b9a-9009-f089bd793e6f
542:is among the most commonly utilised
293:was first described as a species by
1210:The Composition of Scientific Words
321:). through the introduction of the
14:
1519:Lassak, E.; McCarthy, T. (2011).
1173:10.2458/azu_jrm_v53i2_el-shatnawi
591:Murrumbidgee Valley National Park
348:) is derived from the Latin word
297:in 1848. It belongs to the genus
2003:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:306691-2
1425:10.1097/00010694-198207000-00012
1234:Hansen, V; Horsfall, J. (2016).
1018:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01787.x
653:
638:
623:
340:word meaning "saltbush" and the
51:
2085:Flora of the Northern Territory
1307:10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1p455
305:is originally from the family
1:
2110:Eudicots of Western Australia
1264:Australian National Herbarium
1598:. Atlas of Living Australia.
1138:10.1016/j.chnaes.2016.04.010
689:. Atlas of Living Australia.
2075:Caryophyllales of Australia
1521:Australian Medicinal Plants
1387:10.1016/j.jplph.2010.05.017
1375:Journal of Plant Physiology
904:Journal of Range Management
601:Paroo-Darling National Park
469:is not totally immune. The
2126:
512:Reproduction and dispersal
494:and provide a habitat for
2100:Flora of Victoria (state)
1294:Semina: Ciências Agrárias
1101:Gustafsson, Mats (1976).
967:10.1080/00103620802134842
868:Animal Production Science
713:Iamonico, Duilio (2012).
203:
196:
188:
179:
162:
155:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
2095:Flora of South Australia
2080:Flora of New South Wales
596:Mutawintji National Park
375:Distribution and habitat
1581:Jepson Manual Treatment
1449:Jones, Richard (1979).
648:- Stem and leaf segment
481:(Halotydeus destructor)
1208:Brown, Roland Wilbur.
781:Moore, Philip (2005).
581:Kinchega National Park
524:
505:Phidippus californicus
1260:"Atriplex nummularia"
1126:Acta Ecologica Sinica
731:10.15553/c2012v671a18
519:
478:red-legged earth mite
785:. Reed New Holland.
569:Conservation actions
474:(Sminthurus viridis)
2090:Flora of Queensland
1964:Atriplex nummularia
1925:Atriplex~nummularia
1785:Atriplex nummularia
1720:Atriplex_nummularia
1647:Atriplex nummularia
1617:Atriplex nummularia
1586:USDA Plants Profile
1453:. Canberra: CSIRO.
663:- Fruit and flowers
611:Yanga National Park
606:Sturt National Park
586:Mungo National Park
574:Atriplex nummularia
540:Atriplex nummularia
528:Atriplex nummularia
453:primarily grows on
415:Atriplex nummularia
381:Atriplex nummularia
291:Atriplex nummularia
286:Taxonomy and naming
246:Atriplex nummularia
216:Atriplex nummularia
166:Atriplex nummularia
1472:Hacker, R (2004).
961:(13–14): 2009–31.
525:
389:Northern Territory
206:Atriplex johnstoni
148:A. nummularia
2052:
2051:
1946:Open Tree of Life
1609:Taxon identifiers
1530:978-1-877069-86-4
1497:978-1-921528-62-0
1245:978-1-74258-906-0
835:978-92-5-101354-0
792:978-1-876334-86-4
405:Western Australia
383:naturally occurs
212:
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2105:Flora of Namibia
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189:Occurrence data
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24:Oldman saltbush
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16:Species of plant
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1381:(17): 1448–56.
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385:New South Wales
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308:Chenopodioideae
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267:scaly texture.
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1578:
1574:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
993:
989:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
948:
946:
944:
940:
935:
931:
926:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
886:
881:
877:
874:(10): 860–8.
873:
869:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
850:
845:
841:
837:
831:
827:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
807:
802:
798:
794:
788:
784:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
693:
688:
686:
678:
675:
668:
662:
661:A. nummularia
656:
651:
647:
646:A. nummularia
641:
636:
633:- Large shrub
632:
631:A. nummularia
626:
621:
616:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
577:
575:
568:
566:
564:
559:
556:
555:A. nummularia
551:
549:
545:
541:
534:
532:
529:
522:
521:A. nummularia
518:
511:
509:
508:
506:
501:
497:
493:
492:
487:
486:A. nummularia
482:
479:
475:
472:
468:
467:A. nummularia
463:
460:
456:
452:
451:A. nummularia
448:
440:
438:
436:
432:
431:A. nummularia
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
374:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
323:APG II system
320:
316:
315:
314:Amaranthaceae
310:
309:
304:
303:A. nummularia
300:
296:
292:
285:
283:
279:
277:
273:
268:
265:
260:
258:
257:A. nummularia
254:
251:
247:
240:
238:
236:
233:is native to
232:
231:A. nummularia
228:
224:
223:
222:Amaranthaceae
218:
217:
208:
207:
202:
199:
195:
192:
187:
183:
178:
174:
169:
167:
161:
158:
157:Binomial name
154:
150:
149:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:Amaranthaceae
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Tracheophytes
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1616:
1593:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:
1547:
1520:
1514:
1487:
1482:
1473:
1467:
1450:
1419:(1): 65–68.
1416:
1413:Soil Science
1412:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1297:
1293:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1235:
1209:
1183:10150/643750
1166:(2): 211–4.
1163:
1159:
1132:(3): 212–7.
1129:
1125:
1119:
1102:
1058:
1054:
1008:
1004:
958:
954:
925:10150/645386
910:(1): 23–26.
907:
903:
871:
867:
825:
782:
725:(1): 181–5.
722:
718:
684:
677:
660:
645:
630:
573:
572:
560:
554:
552:
539:
538:
527:
526:
520:
503:
489:
485:
480:
473:
471:lucerne flea
466:
464:
450:
444:
430:
423:sub-tropical
414:
413:
380:
378:
368:
364:
360:
354:
349:
345:
333:
327:
318:
312:
306:
302:
298:
295:John Lindley
290:
289:
280:
269:
261:
256:
245:
244:
230:
226:
220:
215:
214:
213:
205:
204:
165:
163:
147:
146:
134:
97:
84:
71:
18:
1977:kew-2665554
1894:NatureServe
1842:iNaturalist
1641:Wikispecies
1061:(5): 1403.
491:Lepidoptera
441:Behavioural
435:floodplains
409:floodplains
241:Description
91:Angiosperms
2059:Categories
1972:Plant List
1678:Calflora:
1553:"Saltbush"
1337:(3): 215.
1331:BioScience
1218:1156882578
669:References
498:including
496:arthropods
393:Queensland
359:names are
346:nummularia
319:sensu lato
1798:200006779
1772:200006779
1754:FloraBase
1539:754600959
1506:589809679
1459:220278745
1351:0006-3568
1316:1679-0359
1192:1550-7424
1075:1939-9170
1027:0024-4066
975:0010-3624
801:224505970
739:0373-2967
719:Candollea
500:arachnids
459:limestone
419:temperate
325:in 2003.
276:dioecious
270:Although
253:halophyte
250:perennial
235:Australia
142:Species:
61:Kingdom:
2065:Atriplex
2024:VicFlora
2011:Tropicos
1920:NSWFlora
1899:2.140763
1873:11004139
1860:306691-2
1715:eFloraSA
1632:Q2708577
1626:Wikidata
1433:98696053
1395:20869134
983:98774265
844:11071774
747:85155554
502:such as
455:alluvial
401:Victoria
334:Atriplex
299:Atriplex
198:Synonyms
135:Atriplex
120:Family:
104:Eudicots
2070:Forages
2016:7200198
1933:NTFlora
1821:3083652
1702:Ecocrop
1562:25 July
1359:1308952
1269:25 July
1111:2399280
1083:1937309
1055:Ecology
934:3899355
617:Gallery
563:Noongar
447:osmosis
427:Oceania
361:purngep
357:Noongar
264:taproot
130:Genus:
110:Order:
65:Plantae
1985:PLANTS
1951:892383
1808:atrnum
1805:FoIO:
1733:488523
1671:111946
1658:131506
1655:APDB:
1537:
1527:
1504:
1494:
1457:
1431:
1393:
1357:
1349:
1314:
1242:
1216:
1190:
1109:
1081:
1073:
1025:
981:
973:
932:
842:
832:
799:
789:
745:
737:
548:fodder
544:forage
387:, the
367:, and
365:pining
350:nummus
173:Lindl.
1886:20550
1868:IRMNG
1847:75711
1780:FoAO2
1746:ATXNM
1429:S2CID
1355:JSTOR
1079:JSTOR
979:S2CID
930:JSTOR
743:S2CID
523:seeds
369:binga
338:Latin
336:is a
332:name
330:genus
248:is a
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
1998:POWO
1990:ATNU
1959:PfaF
1938:1133
1912:3553
1907:NCBI
1881:ITIS
1855:IPNI
1834:6030
1829:GRIN
1816:GBIF
1759:2469
1741:EPPO
1707:3552
1694:JLKW
1666:APNI
1564:2018
1535:OCLC
1525:ISBN
1502:OCLC
1492:ISBN
1455:OCLC
1391:PMID
1347:ISSN
1312:ISSN
1271:2018
1240:ISBN
1214:OCLC
1188:ISSN
1107:OCLC
1071:ISSN
1023:ISSN
971:ISSN
840:OCLC
830:ISBN
797:OCLC
787:ISBN
735:ISSN
535:Uses
476:and
421:and
403:and
355:Its
328:The
2037:WFO
1793:FoC
1767:FNA
1728:EoL
1689:CoL
1681:992
1421:doi
1417:134
1383:doi
1379:167
1339:doi
1302:doi
1178:hdl
1168:doi
1134:doi
1063:doi
1013:doi
1009:105
963:doi
920:hdl
912:doi
876:doi
727:doi
457:or
191:ALA
2061::
2039::
2026::
2013::
2000::
1987::
1974::
1961::
1948::
1935::
1922::
1909::
1896::
1883::
1870::
1857::
1844::
1831::
1818::
1795::
1782::
1769::
1756::
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1730::
1717::
1704::
1691::
1668::
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1628::
1555:.
1533:.
1500:.
1441:^
1427:.
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1403:^
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1377:.
1353:.
1345:.
1335:32
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1310:.
1298:38
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1292:.
1279:^
1262:.
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1200:^
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1162:.
1158:.
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1091:^
1077:.
1069:.
1059:62
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1021:.
1007:.
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969:.
959:39
957:.
942:^
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908:40
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888:^
872:49
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852:^
838:.
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733:.
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317:(
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