2050:
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3153:
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925:
42:
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1323:
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1209:
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536:
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2392:
1088:
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1675:
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2925:
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1993:
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2221:
1144:
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1936:
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1928:
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faults are shown in grey. A number of faults characterised by sea floor studies off the west coast of North Island are not shown. The type of volcanic eruption (some are composite) is indicated by basalt shield type eruption (black), scoria cone (red), or phreatomagmatic eruptions tuff ring (red-brown) and maar (purple). Volcanoes from both the
Auckland volcanic field and
3515:
3210:
2868:
2278:
1437:
667:. The cones are also protected by a 1915 law, the Reserves and Other Lands Disposal and Public Bodies Empowering Act 1915, which was passed due to early concern that the distinctive landscape was being eroded, especially by quarrying. While often ignored until the late 20th century, it has amongst other things minimised severe changes to Mount Roskill proposed by
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2517:
1863:
2107:
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that destroyed an area of 3 km (0.72 cu mi) by crater formation and base surge impact. This contrasts with the about 0.5 km (0.31 mi) diameter cone produced by the same amount of upwelling magma that might be expected to destroy an area of 0.3 km (0.072 cu mi)
498:
of rocks and the southern volcanoes over post
Miocene sediments. A large proportion of the volcanoes in the field, particularly those with cone structures, lie within 500 metres (1,600 ft) of inferred or known faults, with the qualification that these are inactive historic faults and unlike in
5278:
Hopkins, Jenni L.; Smid, Elaine R.; Eccles, Jennifer D.; Hayes, Josh L.; Hayward, Bruce W.; McGee, Lucy E.; van Wijk, Kasper; Wilson, Thomas M.; Cronin, Shane J.; Leonard, Graham S.; Lindsay, Jan M.; Németh, Karoly; Smith, Ian E. M. (3 July 2021). "Auckland
Volcanic Field magmatism, volcanism, and
788:
Most eruptive events in the field have been small volume, very constrained in time, typically involving less than 0.005 km (0.0012 cu mi) of magma making its way to the surface. However the same amount of magma can have an order of magnitude different impact. An underwater eruption
748:
Since the field is not extinct, new volcanic events may occur at any time, though the usual period between events is, on average, somewhere between hundreds to thousands of years. There has been at least one eruption in every 2,500 years over the last 50,000 years. However, the effects of such an
460:
region. To show well the volcanoes in relation to fault lines you have to click on the map to enlarge and then zoom and pan. This also enables mouse over of the volcano and fault names. Definite active faults are shown in red. Well characterised inactive fault segments are in dark grey and other
298:
flows. With the exception of
Rangitoto, no volcano has erupted more than once, but the other eruptions lasted for various periods ranging from a few weeks to several years. Rangitoto erupted several times and recently twice; in an eruption that occurred about 600 years ago, followed by a second
578:
creates the volcanic field as a way to warm
Mataaho, after his wife leaves and takes his clothing. Because of their close association to Mataaho, the volcanic features can be collectively referred to as Nga Maunga a Mataaho ("The Mountains of Mataaho"), or Ngā Huinga-a-Mataaho ("the gathered
773:. These effects might continue for several months, potentially causing substantial destruction and disruption, ranging from the burial of substantial tracts of residential or commercial property, to the mid-to-long-term closures of major parts of the country's infrastructure such as the
4942:
423:. This may not be quite the case even though at least one steam only driven eruption occurred close to Matukutūreia. The second-longest individual cave in the Auckland field, some 270 metres (890 ft) in total length, is the Cave of a Thousand Press-ups to the east of
644:, and many terraces and other archeological remnants are still visible. Many of the cones have been levelled or strongly altered, in small part due to the historical Māori use, but mostly through relatively recent quarrying of construction materials (especially
794:
if there is no ground water interaction. Modelling has suggested that the next eruption in the volcanic field is likely to be associated with water and in the area extending from the central city to its north and northeast suburbs surrounding and including the
5015:
5066:
369:. The last volcano to erupt was much bigger than all others, with Rangitoto making up 41 per cent of the field's entire volume of erupted material with characteristics as to slope and symmetry around the eruptive vents seen in basaltic
4271:
Needham, A.J.; Lindsay, J.M.; Smith, I.E.M.; Augustinus, P.; Shane, P.A. (April 2011). "Sequential eruption of alkaline and sub-alkaline magmas from a small monogenetic volcano in the
Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand".
4448:
Rout, D.J.; Cassidy, J.; Locke, C.A.; Smith, I.E. (1993). "Geophysical evidence for temporal and structural relationships within the monogenetic basalt volcanoes of the
Auckland volcanic field, northern New Zealand".
4308:
5079:
805:
Various operative structures, plans and systems have been set up to prepare responses to volcanic activity within the urban areas, mainly coordinated in the
Auckland Volcanic Field Contingency Plan of the
732:/ Auckland, was vested to the collective. The legislation specified that the land be held in trust "for the common benefit of Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau and the other people of Auckland". The
4489:
Technical Report 6:Geological evaluation
Mclaughins Quarry private plan change request Geological evaluation of outstanding natural feature: Matukutūreia and Matukuturua lava field and tuff ring
5497:
4488:
119:
Location and extent of the
Auckland volcanic field. Clicking on the map enlarges it, and enables panning and mouseover of volcano name/wikilink. Please also see for age and geographical
682:
candidate based on its unique combination of natural and cultural features. At that time, only 2 per cent of more than 800 World Heritage Sites worldwide were in this "mixed" category.
785:. It is possible that several volcanoes could erupt simultaneously. There is strong evidence that eight erupted within a span of 3000 years or so, between 31,000 and 28,000 years ago.
5646:
4316:
5907:
4074:"High-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of Quaternary basalts from Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand, with implications for eruption rates and paleomagnetic correlations"
830:
likely to precede any volcanic activity. This is likely to give between a few hours and several days' warning of an impending eruption, and its approximate location.
427:. Two impressive depressions caused by lava cave collapses are the Puka Street Grotto and the nearby Hochstetter Pond, also known as Grotto Street Pond, in Onehunga.
4426:
5626:
503:
and the resulting fault blocks is complex but like the volcanic field their locations can be postulated to be related to gravitational variations and where the
840:, has an exhibition on the field, including the "Puia Street multi-sensory visitor experience", which simulates a grandstand view of an eruption in Auckland.
4889:
5428:"Probabilistic assessment of future vent locations and eruption styles for the Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand". Magill, Christina R; McAneney, K.J.;
3946:
The Glover Park sports ground at lower right of this photo is situated within the Whakamuhu tuff ring. Over the water in the distance on the right is the
1641:
4208:
Linnell, Tamzin; et al. (2016). "Long-lived shield volcanism within a monogenetic basaltic field: The conundrum of Rangitoto volcano, New Zealand".
4158:"Longevity of a small shield volcano revealed by crypto-tephra studies (Rangitoto volcano, New Zealand): Change in eruptive behavior of a basaltic field"
4072:
Leonard, Graham S.; Calvert, Andrew T.; Hopkins, Jenni L.; Wilson, Colin J. N.; Smid, Elaine R.; Lindsay, Jan M.; Champion, Duane E. (1 September 2017).
1764:
1346:
78:
1518:
6353:
6338:
6333:
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2754:
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702:
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as might be expected in a volcano, that may have buried other volcanoes, and now known to have a 1000-year odd eruptive history. The field's other
4854:
4521:
3978:
3901:
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3717:
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3481:
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3119:
3062:
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2540:
2483:
2415:
2301:
2187:
2073:
2016:
1959:
1707:
1583:
1461:
1403:
1110:
1054:
997:
948:
5846:
5641:
4751:
3603:
3233:
2130:
1289:
1232:
1175:
3359:
3176:
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2244:
6318:
5900:
5362:
5262:
4255:
2834:
664:
5161:
3538:
2720:
1894:
891:
6323:
5661:
3302:
3005:
5218:
Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland Volcanic Field: a review of existing data".
4371:"A model for calculating eruptive volumes for monogenetic volcanoes — Implication for the Quaternary Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand"
2049:
1829:
6358:
5431:
740:
organisation established to administer the 14 Tūpuna Maunga. Auckland Council manages the Tūpuna Maunga under the direction of the TMA.
508:
5572:
6343:
5484:
5459:
5422:
4859:
778:
5417:. Homer, Lloyd; Moore, Phil & Kermode, Les; Landscape Publications and the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, 2000.
6313:
5893:
5826:
5748:
4034:
1212:
Site of Grafton explosion crater and tuff ring in 2018, completely covered in houses and medical School except for Outhwaite Park
6348:
5851:
5811:
4369:
Kereszturi, Gábor; Németh, Károly; Cronin, Shane J.; Agustín-Flores, Javier; Smith, Ian E. M.; Lindsay, Jan (1 October 2013).
6328:
5966:
5614:
4029:
3403:
495:
487:
475:
120:
6112:
5466:
2592:
2174:
6070:
5171:
4049:
2060:
524:
462:
396:
347:
5543:, School of Geography, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Auckland (with interactive maps, requiring Apple
5467:
Facies analysis of pyroclastic deposits within basaltic tuff-rings of the Auckland volcanic field, New Zealand (abstract)
4650:
4434:
5972:
1505:
833:
540:
71:
2581:
5821:
5801:
5771:
5696:
5651:
4880:
4044:
424:
251:
4127:
3152:
5984:
5960:
5738:
3697:
The buildings in the middle of the photo are on the site of quarried away Te Puke ō Tara / Otara Hill volcano, 2009
2288:
656:
357:
193,200 ± 2,800 years ago. The most recent eruption (about 600 years ago and within historical memory of the local
267:
4156:
Shane, Phil; Gehrels, Maria; Zawalna-Geer, Aleksandra; Augustinus, Paul; Lindsay, Jan; Chaillou, Isabelle (2013).
6291:
6279:
6076:
5831:
5786:
5723:
5074:
3346:
1219:
807:
438:
were dry land. All the volcanoes probably erupted on land except for Rangitoto, which erupted during the current
343:
47:
802:
volcano's but is likely to be perceived by the population affected as a greater potential nuisance if it occurs
6249:
6241:
5706:
5609:
5509:
4711:"Magmatic and Tectonic Interactions Revealed by Buried Volcanoes in Te Riu-a-Māui/Zealandia Sedimentary Basins"
4039:
2992:
520:
512:
500:
5796:
924:
499:
many other volcanic fields it is rare for volcanoes to be actually on the fault line. The structure of these
6088:
5954:
5856:
5514:
5444:
3951:
2821:
2003:
1881:
1816:
1751:
1390:
660:
616:
504:
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5978:
5806:
5565:
5522:
5193:
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3579:
864:
823:
686:
641:
231:
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6135:
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935:
694:
678:
In March 2007, New Zealand submitted the volcanic field, with several specifically named features, as a
672:
4536:
4157:
3758:
434:(ice ages) where sea levels were much lower due to water being locked up as ice, and the Waitemata and
5448:, Volume 67, Issue 4, April 2005, Pages 331 – 339, DOI 10.1007/s00445-004-0374-6, accessed 2006-07-14.
4370:
4073:
1870:
789:
which is more likely to be explosive resulted in the formation of the 0.7 km (0.43 mi) wide
6236:
5761:
5597:
4790:
4458:
4382:
4281:
4217:
4169:
4085:
400:
5540:
4759:
3942:
6219:
6141:
5942:
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5816:
5718:
5604:
5592:
4611:
3704:
3525:
984:
878:
799:
679:
668:
612:
567:
516:
511:
which comprises four volcanic fields with intra-plate basaltic volcanism starting in the south, at
136:
4684:
Nemeth, Karoly; Kereszturi, Gabor; Agustín-Flores, Javier; Briggs, Roger Michael (February 2012).
6207:
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709:
241:
6002:
5656:
3955:
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2117:
1322:
790:
685:
For most of Auckland's post-1840 history, the mountains have been administered variously by the
551:
385:
5098:"Volcanic risk ranking for Auckland, New Zealand. II: Hazard consequences and risk calculation"
3274:
1151:
611:
names of volcanic features in the field refer to Mataaho by name, including Te Pane o Mataaho (
6165:
5874:
5781:
5558:
5480:
5455:
5418:
5358:
5258:
5097:
4898:
4709:
Bischoff, Alan; Barriera, Andrea; Begg, Mac; Nicola, Andrew; Colea, Jim; Sahoo, Tusar (2020).
4398:
4251:
4185:
4101:
1805:
1333:
815:
795:
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608:
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419:
due to their mechanism of formation and a rootless cone was suggested to exist at Wiri being
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can be referred to as Nga Tapuwae a Mataoho ("The Sacred Footprints of Mataoho"), including
479:
392:
335:
41:
6213:
6201:
6147:
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5930:
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3958:. Beyond Ōrākei Basin in the middle distance are several vegetation covered scoria cones.
3468:
2527:
2345:
1208:
1162:
1041:
837:
435:
6177:
6171:
5454:. Searle, Ernest J.; revised by Mayhill, R.D.; Longman Paul, 1981. First published 1964.
1447:
632:
420:
358:
6025:
5440:
Volcanic risk ranking for Auckland, New Zealand. I: Methodology and hazard investigation
5137:"Blue‐sky eruptions, do they exist? Implications for monitoring New Zealand's volcanoes"
4462:
4386:
4285:
4221:
4173:
4089:
3156:
Te Apunga-o-Tainui / McLennan Hills, Painting by G.H. Cooper, 1861, Auckland Art Gallery
1559:
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6106:
5948:
5733:
5728:
5701:
3888:
3590:
3106:
1946:
1693:
604:
535:
431:
430:
For most of the 200,000 years that the field has been erupting, the planet has been in
412:
370:
362:
17:
1616:
570:, who used deadly magic from the earth to defeat a war party of patupaiarehe from the
411:
and other lava caves have been discovered, including the 290-metre (950 ft)-long
6307:
6273:
6225:
6082:
6064:
6008:
5836:
5691:
5310:
5239:
5121:
4734:
4710:
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4635:
4470:
4394:
4293:
4181:
4097:
3884:
3220:
2935:
2402:
811:
737:
648:). However many of the remaining volcanoes are now preserved as landmarks and parks.
600:
483:
416:
319:
315:
184:
4884:
4687:
Field Guide Monogenetic volcanism of the South Auckland and Auckland Volcanic Fields
4522:"New Zealand lava caves worth preserving for their geologic and geomorphic features"
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2391:
1682:
1087:
6094:
6058:
6046:
5684:
5337:
3965:
3769:
3049:
2878:
2573:
1809:
Maungauika / North Head (center) and Takarunga / Mount Victoria (left) scoria cones
1740:
766:
762:
698:
615:), Te Tapuwae a Mataoho (Robertson Hill) and Te Kapua Kai o Mataoho (the crater of
571:
563:
439:
339:
275:
5791:
5292:
4726:
3266:
2448:
1674:
1551:
1494:
818:
during an eruption. Auckland also has a seismic monitoring network comprising six
652:
5386:
5352:
5231:
4823:
4627:
4612:"Post-Miocene faults in Auckland:insights from borehole and topographic analysis"
4344:
6261:
6195:
6153:
6100:
5996:
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3095:
2924:
2707:
2650:
2231:
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1992:
1265:
1098:
819:
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559:
519:
in late Pliocene times (2.7-1.8 Ma). Activity has since moved north through the
354:
331:
159:
143:
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6189:
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3873:
3826:
3693:
3647:
3571:
3449:
2981:
2639:
1935:
1797:
1379:
827:
798:. Within New Zealand the volcanic hazard of the field is graded below that of
754:
588:
580:
562:(the god of earthquakes and volcanoes), made as punishment against a tribe of
453:
404:
377:
are relatively small, with most less than 150 metres (490 ft) in height.
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204:
169:
147:
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2018:
1974:
1961:
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93:
80:
6285:
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5544:
5469:". Sharon R. Allen, Vivienne F. Bryner, Ian E. M. Smith, Peter F. Ballance,
3640:
Site of Te Pou Hawaiki is now a three-storey concrete carpark building, 2018
3335:
3289:
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1927:
1627:
770:
758:
408:
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153:
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The quarried out cone of Rarotonga / Mt Smart is now Mt Smart Stadium, 2018
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2277:
1436:
5885:
4918:
4011:
3392:
2516:
1862:
1034:
Oblique aerial view of Boggust Park explosion crater from the north, 2018.
749:
event—especially a full-scale eruption—would be substantial, ranging from
507:
passes through this section of the North Island. The field is part of the
5581:
5415:
Lava and Strata: A guide to the volcanoes and rock formations of Auckland
1620:
Maungarahiri / Little Rangitoto from the north over Benson Rd shops, 2019
651:
The warmer northern sides of the mountains were also popular among early
482:, about 400 kilometres (250 mi) west of its plate boundary with the
457:
381:
271:
199:
194:
179:
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164:
4910:
299:
eruption approximately 50 years later. The field is fuelled entirely by
6159:
5018:[Te Tū whakahira me ngā kōrero tuku iho mō ngā Tūpuna Maunga].
1276:
721:
596:
575:
555:
491:
466:
214:
189:
5301:
4658:. Geoscience Society of New Zealand Conference (slideshow). Wellington
2106:
4990:"Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52"
4229:
3947:
1440:
Rubbish heap replaces quarried away Matanginui / Green Mountain, 2009
645:
300:
291:
61:
3754:
The entire crater and tuff ring of Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta / Three Kings
1686:
Maungarei / Mount Wellington from the quarried remnants of Te Tauoma
486:. The volcanoes are located south of a geological region called the
391:
The field has produced voluminous lava flows that cover much of the
554:
myths describe the creation of the volcanic field as a creation of
415:. There can be an association with lava caves and the formation of
4010:
3954:
and in the left middle is the tuff crater filled in by the sea of
3941:
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3872:
3814:
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3635:
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3448:
3391:
3334:
3273:
3265:
3208:
3151:
3094:
3037:
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2923:
2866:
2809:
2752:
2695:
2638:
2580:
2572:
2515:
2455:
2447:
2390:
2333:
2276:
2219:
2162:
2105:
2048:
1991:
1934:
1926:
1869:
1861:
1804:
1796:
1739:
1681:
1673:
1615:
1558:
1550:
1493:
1435:
1378:
1321:
1264:
1207:
1150:
1142:
1086:
1029:
923:
826:—and three repeaters within the region that will detect the small
636:
534:
303:
2461:
384:, is a volcanic explosion crater. A few similar craters such as
366:
295:
283:
5889:
5554:
3762:
Quarrying has removed two of the Tātua-a-Riukiuta / Three Kings
717:
4246:
Hayward, Bruce W.; Murdoch, Graeme; Maitland, Gordon (2011).
4126:
Hayward, Bruce W.; Kenny, Jill A.; Grenfell, Hugh R. (2011).
5324:
Searle, E. J. (May 1962). "The volcanoes of Auckland city".
2928:
Site of Styaks Swamp buried beneath buildings and road, 2009
5550:
4652:
Auckland's buried faults and their influence on its geology
724:(also known as the Tāmaki Collective), ownership of the 14
5479:. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, 335 pp.
4941:
Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority (23 June 2016).
579:
volcanoes of Mataaho"). Many of the volcanic features of
4343:
New Zealand Department of Conservation (30 March 2007).
4241:
4239:
365:
just east of the city, erupting 0.7 cubic kilometres of
5387:"Mangere Mountain History Formation | Mangere Mountain"
4128:"More volcanoes recognised in Auckland Volcanic Field"
558:(the guardian of the earth's secrets) and his brother
4313:
Te Pῡ Ao Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences
1555:
Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill from the northwest, 2018
490:, and with the northern volcanoes located over early
121:
relationships to other North Island surface volcanism
6235:
6128:
6033:
5923:
5747:
5672:
5351:Hayward, Bruce William; Jamieson, Alastair (2019).
4885:"George Graham's Maori Place Names of Auckland"
4794:. Mangere Mountain Education Centre. Archived from
4433:. New Zealand Historic Places Trust. Archived from
4307:Ian E.M. Smith; Sharon R. Allen (26 January 2010).
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
1996:
Mount Robertson / Sturges Park from the north, 2018
250:
240:
230:
135:
130:
109:
70:
60:
55:
34:
5432:International Association for Mathematical Geology
5162:"New recorder boosts earthquake, volcano warnings"
5067:"Contingency Plan for the Auckland Volcanic Field"
4015:Site of quarried away Matukutururu / Wiri Mt, 2018
3583:Te Pane-o-Mataaho / Māngere Mountain from the east
3290:Te Kopua-o-Matakamokamo / Tank Farm / Tuff Crater
2985:Site of quarried away Takaroro / Mt Cambria, 2018
1744:Quarried out site of Maungataketake Volcano, 2018
4818:
4816:
3518:Te Motu-a-Hiaroa / Puketutu Island Volcano, 2918
3461:Crater of Te Kōpuke / Tītīkōpuke / Mount St John
2700:Pukewairiki explosion crater and tuff ring, 2009
928:Albert Park Volcano surrounded by city buildings
822:—including one 250 metres (820 ft) deep at
810:, which provides a framework for interaction of
663:were developed as military installations due to
4415:Hayward, Murdoch, Maitland (2011). pp. 134–135.
3877:Waitomokia explosion crater and tuff ring, 2018
2289:Ōwairaka / Te Ahi-kā-a-Rakataura / Mount Albert
1091:Site of Cemetery Crater beneath houses in 2018.
4969:"The volcanic hills are being destroyed..." –
4843:
4841:
4451:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
4375:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
4274:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
4162:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
4078:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
282:in the field have produced a diverse array of
5901:
5566:
5471:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
5326:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
5281:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
5220:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
4936:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4746:
4744:
4715:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
4679:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4616:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
4560:Hayward, Murdoch, Maitland (2011). pp. 17–18.
4482:
4480:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4067:
4065:
1326:Kohuora Explosion Crater from northwest, 2009
274:, New Zealand's largest city, located in the
8:
4890:Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum
4605:
4603:
4601:
4132:Geoscience Society of New Zealand Newsletter
3453:Te Kōpuke / Tītīkōpuke / Mount St John, 2009
3396:Onepoto explosion crater and tuff ring, 2009
1563:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill and its obelisk
539:Terraces carved by Māori into the slopes of
270:covered by much of the metropolitan area of
5142:(Master's thesis). University of Canterbury
5078:. Technical Publication 165. Archived from
5065:Beca Carter; Hollings & Ferner (2002).
4690:. 4th International Maar Conference. MP131B
4595:Hayward, Murdoch, Maitland (2011). pp. 2–3.
4151:
4149:
2452:Pukaki explosion crater and tuff ring, 2018
5908:
5894:
5886:
5573:
5559:
5551:
5354:Volcanoes of Auckland : a field guide
5257:. Auckland University Press. p. 334.
4248:Volcanoes of Auckland: The Essential Guide
3819:The site of Te Tauoma / Purchas Hill, 2018
3575:Te Pane-o-Mataaho / Māngere Mountain, 2009
2281:Ōtuataua volcanic cone and lava flow field
850:
31:
5300:
4529:Geoscience Reports of Shizuoka University
3339:Te Kopua-o-Matokamokamo / Tank Farm, 2009
3278:Te Kopua Kai-a-Hiku / Panmure Basin with
734:Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority
631:(mountains) were occupied by substantial
5452:City of Volcanoes: A geology of Auckland
5442:. Magill, Christina R.; Blong, Russell;
5016:"Tūpuna Maunga significance and history"
4610:Kenny, A; Lindsay, JM; Howe, TM (2012).
2643:Pukewīwī / Puketāpapa / Mt Roskill, 2018
736:or Tūpuna Maunga Authority (TMA) is the
314:in the central North Island, such as at
50:in 1859 and published in English in 1864
5096:Magill, C.; Blong, R (7 October 2004).
5060:
5058:
5038:
5036:
4855:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
4494:(Report). pp. 1–23. Archived from
4061:
3885:Whakamuhu / Saint Heliers / Glover Park
872:
869:
574:. In some traditions, the fire goddess
342:(Wiri Mountain) in the south, and from
5436:, Portsmouth, UK, 7–12 September 2003.
4210:Geological Society of America Bulletin
3404:Te Kōpuke / Tītīkōpuke / Mount St John
2585:Sports grounds within Pukekawa volcano
279:
4649:Stewart, John R. (26 November 2015).
1801:Maungauika / North Head Volcano, 2018
1269:Hampton Park Volcano from north, 2009
712:settlement between the Crown and the
380:Lake Pupuke, on the North Shore near
7:
5477:Volcanoes of Auckland: A Field Guide
5255:Volcanoes of Auckland. A Field Guide
4338:
4336:
4334:
3938:Whakamuhu / St Heliers Volcano, 2009
3526:Te Pane-o-Mataaho / Māngere Mountain
848:The volcanoes within the field are:
836:, itself built on the crater rim of
693:(or its former bodies including the
655:settlers for housing. In the 1880s,
566:, supernatural beings living in the
4848:Taonui, Rāwiri (10 February 2015).
3973:80 metres (260 ft) (quarried)
3777:50 metres (160 ft) (quarried)
3655:89 metres (292 ft) (quarried)
3598:95 metres (312 ft) (quarried)
3221:Te Kopua Kai-a-Hiku / Panmure Basin
3114:45 metres (148 ft) (quarried)
3107:Te Apunga-o-Tainui / McLennan Hills
2829:87 metres (285 ft) (quarried)
1498:Matukutureia / McLaughlins Mt, 2018
5647:Skyscrapers and tallest structures
5042:"When the earth starts to shake".
3835:22 metres (72 ft) (quarried)
3164:Te Hopua-a-Rangi / Gloucester Park
2943:30 metres (98 ft) (quarried)
1678:Maungarei / Mount Wellington, 2018
25:
4860:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
4309:"Auckland Volcanic Field Geology"
3705:Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta / Three Kings
1874:Crater of Maungawhau / Mount Eden
714:Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau
6354:Volcanoes of the Auckland Region
6339:Mountains of the Auckland Region
6334:Landforms of the Auckland Region
6024:
5870:
5869:
5004:– via legislation.govt.nz.
4395:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.09.003
4294:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.07.017
4182:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.03.026
4098:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.05.033
4035:List of volcanoes in New Zealand
3042:Takarunga / Mount Victoria, 2018
2757:Pupuke crater from space in 2006
2577:Pukekawa / Auckland Domain, 2018
527:and Auckland fields since then.
40:
5135:Doherty, Angela Louise (2009).
4781:Pegman, David M (August 2007).
2814:Rangitoto Island on the horizon
1931:Motukorea / Browns Island, 2009
1571:Maungarahiri / Little Rangitoto
399:northward, almost crossing the
395:. One of the longest runs from
5338:10.1080/00288306.1962.10423108
4030:Geology of the Auckland Region
1947:Mount Robertson / Sturges Park
361:) was of Rangitoto, an island
1:
6262:Pupuke Moana / Pupuke Volcano
5357:. Auckland University Press.
5293:10.1080/00288306.2020.1736102
5172:New Zealand Press Association
4727:10.1080/00288306.2020.1773510
4250:. Auckland University Press.
4050:South Auckland volcanic field
1866:Maungawhau / Mount Eden, 2018
463:South Auckland volcanic field
27:Volcanic field in New Zealand
6319:Potentially active volcanoes
5973:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
5527:Auckland War Memorial Museum
5232:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805
5198:Auckland War Memorial Museum
4943:"Integrated Management Plan"
4628:10.1080/00288306.2012.706618
4471:10.1016/0377-0273(93)90032-M
4349:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
3966:Wiri Mountain / Matukutūruru
3099:Taurere / Taylors Hill, 1994
2110:Ohuiarangi / Pigeon Mt, 2009
2061:Ohuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain
1506:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
834:Auckland War Memorial Museum
541:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
494:sedimentary deposits of the
6324:Monogenetic volcanic fields
5541:Geology: Rocks and minerals
4783:"The Volcanoes of Auckland"
4520:Kermode, Les (March 1994).
4425:David Lomas (Winter 2006).
4045:Stratigraphy of New Zealand
3648:Te Puke ō Tara / Otara Hill
3469:Te Motu-a-Hiaroa / Puketutu
2224:Ōtāhuhu / Mt Richmond, 2018
1147:Crater Hill volcano in 2009
665:fears of a Russian invasion
6375:
6359:Auckland Volcanic Province
4824:"The History of Our Marae"
4345:"Auckland Volcanic Fields"
2993:Takarunga / Mount Victoria
2528:Pukekawa / Auckland Domain
2338:Ōwairaka / Mt Albert, 2009
877:
716:collective of 13 Auckland
703:Department of Conservation
657:Takarunga / Mount Victoria
509:Auckland Volcanic Province
425:Maungakiekie/One Tree Hill
353:The first vent erupted at
46:Map of the field drawn by
6022:
5865:
5588:
5473:, 1996, Vol. 39: 309–327.
5114:10.1007/s00445-004-0375-5
5075:Auckland Regional Council
3712:133 metres (436 ft)
3533:106 metres (348 ft)
3411:126 metres (413 ft)
3282:/ Mount Wellington behind
2772:260 metres (850 ft)
2601:110 metres (360 ft)
2296:135 metres (443 ft)
2011:143 metres (469 ft)
1939:Motukorea / Browns Island
1882:Motukorea / Browns Island
1824:196 metres (643 ft)
1636:135 metres (443 ft)
1513:182 metres (597 ft)
808:Auckland Regional Council
728:(ancestral mountains) of
114:
39:
6344:Volcanism of New Zealand
6113:Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond
5510:Global Volcanism Program
4040:Volcanism in New Zealand
3994:37.007334°S 174.858441°E
3917:36.846911°S 174.867662°E
3896:65 metres (213 ft)
3856:36.976981°S 174.770336°E
3798:36.887138°S 174.847476°E
3770:Te Tauoma / Purchas Hill
3733:36.902926°S 174.754651°E
3676:36.947105°S 174.898363°E
3497:36.965186°S 174.747248°E
3476:65 metres (213 ft)
3432:36.883431°S 174.780196°E
3354:46 metres (151 ft)
3297:46 metres (151 ft)
3228:35 metres (115 ft)
3135:36.929208°S 174.846468°E
3078:36.864223°S 174.869943°E
3057:56 metres (184 ft)
3000:87 metres (285 ft)
2964:36.824444°S 174.801933°E
2936:Takaroro / Mount Cambria
2907:36.936138°S 174.900155°E
2793:36.786742°S 174.860115°E
2736:36.780115°S 174.766184°E
2715:34 metres (112 ft)
2679:36.944078°S 174.865887°E
2658:35 metres (115 ft)
2622:36.912286°S 174.737371°E
2556:36.859158°S 174.775808°E
2535:77 metres (253 ft)
2499:36.983756°S 174.757183°E
2431:36.982998°S 174.810226°E
2410:37 metres (121 ft)
2317:36.890475°S 174.720097°E
2239:64 metres (210 ft)
2203:36.932562°S 174.839451°E
2182:50 metres (160 ft)
2175:Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond
2125:54 metres (177 ft)
2089:36.888846°S 174.903116°E
2068:55 metres (180 ft)
2032:36.877814°S 174.786156°E
1975:36.948477°S 174.841726°E
1954:78 metres (256 ft)
1889:68 metres (223 ft)
1759:50 metres (160 ft)
1723:36.994635°S 174.747548°E
1702:76 metres (249 ft)
1599:36.875407°S 174.809636°E
1578:75 metres (246 ft)
1477:37.013511°S 174.845974°E
1456:73 metres (240 ft)
1419:36.939911°S 174.898267°E
1398:78 metres (256 ft)
1391:Matanginui / Green Mount
1284:37 metres (121 ft)
1227:43 metres (141 ft)
1191:36.858440°S 174.763624°E
1170:82 metres (269 ft)
1126:36.986546°S 174.827135°E
1070:36.989828°S 174.841082°E
1049:33 metres (108 ft)
1013:36.955413°S 174.813552°E
964:37.002754°S 174.867545°E
640:(fortifications) before
501:Auckland regional faults
469:volcanoes are not shown.
66:260 m (850 ft)
6314:Auckland volcanic field
6053:Whakamuhu / Glover Park
5985:Ōwairaka / Mount Albert
5961:Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson
5955:Maungawhau / Mount Eden
5917:Auckland volcanic field
5515:Smithsonian Institution
5445:Bulletin of Volcanology
5102:Bulletin of Volcanology
4994:New Zealand Legislation
4535:: 15–24. Archived from
3952:Maungauika / North Head
3619:36.88247°S 174.766726°E
3249:36.90495°S 174.849343°E
3171:12 metres (39 ft)
2886:16 metres (52 ft)
2822:Rarotonga / Mount Smart
2478:30 metres (98 ft)
2353:24 metres (79 ft)
2146:36.867124°S 174.81308°E
2053:Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson
2004:Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson
1817:Maungawhau / Mount Eden
1780:36.827751°S 174.81205°E
1752:Maungauika / North Head
1657:36.89306°S 174.846556°E
1450:/ McLaughlins Mountain
1341:20 metres (66 ft)
1305:36.97873°S 174.842691°E
1248:36.950925°S 174.89544°E
992:14 metres (46 ft)
943:30 metres (98 ft)
661:Maungauika / North Head
617:Maungawhau / Mount Eden
505:Stokes Magnetic Anomaly
306:, unlike the explosive
264:Auckland volcanic field
35:Auckland Volcanic Field
18:Auckland Volcanic Field
6349:Geology of New Zealand
5253:Hayward, B.W. (2019).
5167:The New Zealand Herald
5049:The New Zealand Herald
4976:The New Zealand Herald
4016:
3999:-37.007334; 174.858441
3959:
3939:
3922:-36.846911; 174.867662
3878:
3861:-36.976981; 174.770336
3820:
3803:-36.887138; 174.847476
3763:
3755:
3738:-36.902926; 174.754651
3698:
3681:-36.947105; 174.898363
3641:
3584:
3576:
3519:
3502:-36.965186; 174.747248
3462:
3454:
3437:-36.883431; 174.780196
3397:
3375:36.80818°S 174.75085°E
3340:
3283:
3271:
3214:
3192:36.9295°S 174.784734°E
3157:
3140:-36.929208; 174.846468
3100:
3083:-36.864223; 174.869943
3050:Taurere / Taylors Hill
3043:
2986:
2969:-36.824444; 174.801933
2929:
2912:-36.936138; 174.900155
2872:
2850:36.91833°S 174.81250°E
2815:
2798:-36.786742; 174.860115
2769:0.62 (first eruption)
2758:
2741:-36.780115; 174.766184
2701:
2684:-36.944078; 174.865887
2644:
2627:-36.912286; 174.737371
2586:
2578:
2561:-36.859158; 174.775808
2521:
2504:-36.983756; 174.757183
2464:
2453:
2436:-36.982998; 174.810226
2396:
2374:37.01465°S 174.83296°E
2339:
2322:-36.890475; 174.720097
2282:
2260:36.98611°S 174.75417°E
2225:
2208:-36.932562; 174.839451
2168:
2111:
2094:-36.888846; 174.903116
2054:
2037:-36.877814; 174.786156
1997:
1980:-36.948477; 174.841726
1940:
1932:
1875:
1867:
1810:
1802:
1745:
1728:-36.994635; 174.747548
1687:
1679:
1621:
1604:-36.875407; 174.809636
1564:
1556:
1534:36.90000°S 174.78306°E
1499:
1482:-37.013511; 174.845974
1441:
1424:-36.939911; 174.898267
1384:
1362:36.95702°S 174.77763°E
1327:
1270:
1213:
1196:-36.858440; 174.763624
1156:
1148:
1131:-36.986546; 174.827135
1092:
1075:-36.989828; 174.841082
1035:
1018:-36.955413; 174.813552
969:-37.002754; 174.867545
929:
543:
446:Tectonic relationships
330:The field ranges from
6329:Geography of Auckland
5762:Aotea / Great Barrier
5046:, insert magazine in
4973:, insert magazine in
4014:
3945:
3937:
3876:
3818:
3761:
3753:
3696:
3639:
3624:-36.88247; 174.766726
3582:
3574:
3517:
3460:
3452:
3395:
3338:
3277:
3269:
3254:-36.90495; 174.849343
3212:
3155:
3098:
3041:
2984:
2927:
2870:
2813:
2756:
2699:
2642:
2593:Pukewīwī / Puketāpapa
2584:
2576:
2520:Pukeiti volcano, 2009
2519:
2459:
2451:
2395:Puhinui Craters, 2018
2394:
2337:
2280:
2223:
2166:
2151:-36.867124; 174.81308
2109:
2052:
1995:
1938:
1930:
1873:
1865:
1808:
1800:
1785:-36.827751; 174.81205
1743:
1685:
1677:
1662:-36.89306; 174.846556
1619:
1562:
1554:
1497:
1439:
1382:
1325:
1310:-36.97873; 174.842691
1268:
1253:-36.950925; 174.89544
1211:
1154:
1146:
1090:
1033:
927:
857:Age (thousand years)
779:State Highway network
695:Auckland City Council
673:Southwestern Motorway
538:
388:are open to the sea.
286:(explosion craters),
268:monogenetic volcanoes
4791:Manukau City Council
4431:Heritage New Zealand
3554:36.9496°S 174.7831°E
3380:-36.80818; 174.75085
3318:36.8020°S 174.7533°E
3197:-36.9295; 174.784734
3021:36.8266°S 174.7990°E
2855:-36.91833; 174.81250
2379:-37.01465; 174.83296
2265:-36.98611; 174.75417
1910:36.8306°S 174.8948°E
1539:-36.90000; 174.78306
1367:-36.95702; 174.77763
907:36.8486°S 174.7673°E
488:Northland Allochthon
278:. The approximately
6142:Boggust Park Crater
5979:Te Tātua a Riukiuta
5943:Albert Park Volcano
5807:Maungakiekie-Tāmaki
5430:Proceedings of the
5385:Mountain, Māngere.
5279:hazard: a review".
5085:on 15 October 2008.
5052:, 15 February 2008.
4575:The Onehunga Grotto
4501:on 10 February 2024
4487:Cronin, S. (2019).
4463:1993JVGR...57...71R
4387:2013JVGR..266...16K
4286:2011JVGR..201..126N
4222:2016GSAB..128.1160L
4174:2013JVGR..257..174S
4090:2017JVGR..343...60L
3990: /
3913: /
3852: /
3794: /
3729: /
3672: /
3615: /
3550: /
3493: /
3428: /
3371: /
3314: /
3270:Panmure Basin, 2009
3245: /
3188: /
3131: /
3074: /
3017: /
2960: /
2903: /
2846: /
2789: /
2732: /
2675: /
2618: /
2552: /
2495: /
2427: /
2370: /
2313: /
2256: /
2199: /
2142: /
2085: /
2028: /
1971: /
1906: /
1841: /
1776: /
1719: /
1696:/ Elletts Mountain
1653: /
1630:/ Mount Wellington
1595: /
1530: /
1473: /
1415: /
1358: /
1301: /
1244: /
1187: /
1155:Crater Hill volcano
1122: /
1066: /
1009: /
985:Boggust Park Crater
960: /
903: /
879:Albert Park Volcano
800:Taupo Volcanic Zone
680:World Heritage Site
669:Transit New Zealand
90: /
5767:Devonport-Takapuna
5500:, Auckland Council
4979:, 15 February 2008
4762:on 1 December 2020
4437:on 20 August 2007.
4319:on 9 February 2013
4216:(7–8): 1160–1172.
4017:
3960:
3940:
3879:
3821:
3764:
3756:
3699:
3642:
3585:
3577:
3559:-36.9496; 174.7831
3520:
3463:
3455:
3398:
3341:
3323:-36.8020; 174.7533
3284:
3272:
3215:
3158:
3101:
3044:
3026:-36.8266; 174.7990
2987:
2930:
2873:
2816:
2759:
2702:
2645:
2587:
2579:
2522:
2465:
2454:
2397:
2340:
2283:
2226:
2169:
2167:Ōrākei Basin, 2018
2112:
2055:
1998:
1941:
1933:
1915:-36.8306; 174.8948
1876:
1868:
1845:36.877°S 174.764°E
1811:
1803:
1746:
1688:
1680:
1622:
1565:
1557:
1500:
1442:
1385:
1328:
1271:
1214:
1157:
1149:
1093:
1036:
930:
912:-36.8486; 174.7673
816:emergency services
765:, and the venting
751:pyroclastic surges
710:Treaty of Waitangi
544:
452:Map of faults and
152:0.193–0.0006
94:36.877°S 174.764°E
56:Highest point
6301:
6300:
6237:Waitematā Harbour
5883:
5882:
5782:Hibiscus and Bays
5749:Local board areas
5364:978-0-582-71784-8
5264:978-1-86940-901-2
5194:"Visit Volcanoes"
4257:978-1-86940-479-6
4021:
4020:
844:List of volcanoes
796:Waitemata Harbour
687:New Zealand Crown
642:Pākehā settlement
456:volcanoes in the
442:(warmer) period.
401:Waitematā Harbour
260:
259:
16:(Redirected from
6366:
6220:Māngere Mountain
6028:
6015:Little Rangitoto
5991:Te Hopua a Rangi
5967:Mount Saint John
5931:Pukekawa Volcano
5924:Central Auckland
5910:
5903:
5896:
5887:
5873:
5872:
5847:Waitākere Ranges
5817:Ōtara-Papatoetoe
5777:Henderson-Massey
5719:Pōhutukawa Coast
5680:Auckland isthmus
5575:
5568:
5561:
5552:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5518:
5505:"Auckland field"
5498:Volcanic hazards
5402:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5391:Māngere Mountain
5382:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5304:
5287:(2–3): 213–234.
5275:
5269:
5268:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5190:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5141:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5071:
5062:
5053:
5040:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5020:Auckland Council
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4986:
4980:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4950:Auckland Council
4947:
4938:
4923:
4922:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4845:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4826:. Makaurau Marae
4820:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4801:on 24 March 2012
4800:
4787:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4758:. Archived from
4748:
4739:
4738:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4681:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4657:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4607:
4596:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4542:on 3 August 2016
4541:
4526:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4500:
4493:
4484:
4475:
4474:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4427:"Cave New World"
4422:
4416:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4340:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4315:. Archived from
4304:
4298:
4297:
4280:(1–4): 126–142.
4268:
4262:
4261:
4243:
4234:
4233:
4230:10.1130/B31392.1
4205:
4194:
4193:
4153:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4123:
4110:
4109:
4069:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2765:Rangitoto Island
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2595:/ Mount Roskill
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2021:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:-36.877; 174.764
1846:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
975:
974:
972:
971:
970:
965:
961:
958:
957:
956:
953:
918:
917:
915:
914:
913:
908:
904:
901:
900:
899:
896:
851:
783:Auckland Airport
775:Port of Auckland
701:Council) or the
691:Auckland Council
613:Māngere Mountain
568:Waitākere Ranges
480:Australian Plate
478:lies within the
436:Manukau Harbours
393:Auckland isthmus
371:shield volcanoes
338:in the north to
336:Rangitoto Island
226:
156:
150:
105:
104:
102:
101:
100:
99:-36.877; 174.764
95:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
44:
32:
21:
6374:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6363:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6239:
6231:
6214:Puketutu Island
6202:Puhinui Craters
6148:Cemetery Crater
6124:
6071:Pigeon Mountain
6029:
6020:
5937:Grafton Volcano
5919:
5914:
5884:
5879:
5861:
5797:Māngere-Ōtāhuhu
5743:
5712:East Coast Bays
5668:
5627:Historic places
5584:
5579:
5531:
5529:
5521:
5503:
5494:
5411:
5409:Further reading
5406:
5405:
5395:
5393:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5350:
5349:
5345:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5265:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5202:
5200:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5177:
5175:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5108:(94): 340–349.
5095:
5094:
5090:
5082:
5069:
5064:
5063:
5056:
5041:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5014:
5013:
5009:
4999:
4997:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4968:
4964:
4954:
4952:
4945:
4940:
4939:
4926:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4864:
4862:
4850:"Tāmaki tribes"
4847:
4846:
4839:
4829:
4827:
4822:
4821:
4814:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4765:
4763:
4750:
4749:
4742:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4693:
4691:
4683:
4682:
4671:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4609:
4608:
4599:
4594:
4590:
4580:
4578:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4559:
4555:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4524:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4478:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4353:
4351:
4342:
4341:
4332:
4322:
4320:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4245:
4244:
4237:
4207:
4206:
4197:
4155:
4154:
4147:
4137:
4135:
4125:
4124:
4113:
4071:
4070:
4063:
4058:
4026:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2346:Puhinui Craters
2321:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2014:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1163:Grafton Volcano
1130:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1042:Cemetery Crater
1017:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1000:
998:
996:
995:
968:
966:
962:
959:
954:
951:
949:
947:
946:
911:
909:
905:
902:
897:
894:
892:
890:
889:
846:
746:
730:Tāmaki Makaurau
625:
549:
533:
496:Waitematā Group
476:Auckland region
472:
471:
470:
465:are displayed.
448:
432:glacial periods
407:. More than 50
348:Pigeon Mountain
346:in the west to
328:
225:
224:
223:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
151:
142:
141:
126:
125:
124:
123:
98:
96:
92:
89:
84:
81:
79:
77:
76:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6372:
6370:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6306:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6295:
6289:
6283:
6280:Mount Victoria
6277:
6271:
6265:
6259:
6253:
6246:
6244:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6223:
6217:
6211:
6205:
6199:
6193:
6187:
6184:Maungataketake
6181:
6175:
6169:
6166:Māngere Lagoon
6163:
6157:
6151:
6145:
6139:
6132:
6130:
6129:South Auckland
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6119:Robertson Hill
6116:
6110:
6107:McLennan Hills
6104:
6098:
6092:
6086:
6080:
6074:
6068:
6062:
6056:
6050:
6044:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6030:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6018:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5994:
5988:
5982:
5976:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5952:
5949:Te Pou Hawaiki
5946:
5940:
5934:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5920:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5890:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5753:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5734:Waiheke Island
5731:
5729:South Auckland
5726:
5721:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5704:
5702:Hibiscus Coast
5699:
5694:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5620:Volcanic field
5612:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5538:
5519:
5501:
5493:
5492:External links
5490:
5489:
5488:
5474:
5463:
5449:
5437:
5426:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5377:
5363:
5343:
5332:(2): 193–227.
5316:
5270:
5263:
5245:
5226:(4): 379–401.
5210:
5185:
5153:
5127:
5088:
5054:
5032:
5007:
4981:
4962:
4924:
4881:Simmons, D. R.
4872:
4837:
4812:
4773:
4740:
4701:
4669:
4641:
4622:(4): 323–343.
4597:
4588:
4562:
4553:
4512:
4476:
4457:(1–2): 71–83.
4440:
4417:
4408:
4361:
4330:
4299:
4263:
4256:
4235:
4195:
4145:
4111:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4008:
4006:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3931:
3929:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3889:Achilles Point
3881:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3823:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3747:
3745:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3591:Te Pou Hawaiki
3587:
3586:
3568:
3566:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3446:
3444:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3263:
3261:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3213:Te Hopua, 2018
3206:
3204:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2921:
2919:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2589:
2588:
2570:
2568:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2445:
2443:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1924:
1922:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1859:
1857:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1794:
1792:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:Maungataketake
1690:
1689:
1671:
1669:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1624:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1548:
1546:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1383:Māngere Lagoon
1376:
1374:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1334:Māngere Lagoon
1330:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1140:
1138:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1025:
993:
990:
987:
981:
980:
978:
976:
944:
941:
938:
932:
931:
921:
919:
887:
884:
881:
875:
874:
871:
868:
861:
858:
855:
845:
842:
745:
742:
624:
621:
609:Māori language
607:. Many of the
605:Robertson Hill
585:Māngere Lagoon
548:
545:
532:
529:
525:South Auckland
451:
450:
449:
447:
444:
417:rootless cones
413:Wiri Lava Cave
363:shield volcano
327:
324:
266:is an area of
258:
257:
254:
248:
247:
244:
238:
237:
236:Volcanic field
234:
228:
227:
220:
219:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
157:
139:
133:
132:
128:
127:
118:
117:
116:
115:
112:
111:
107:
106:
74:
68:
67:
64:
58:
57:
53:
52:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6371:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6284:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6274:Mount Cambria
6272:
6269:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6238:
6234:
6227:
6226:Pukaki Lagoon
6224:
6221:
6218:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6203:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6188:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6143:
6140:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6065:Panmure Basin
6063:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:East Auckland
6032:
6027:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5911:
5906:
5904:
5899:
5897:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5876:
5868:
5867:
5864:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5837:Upper Harbour
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5739:West Auckland
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5692:East Auckland
5690:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5583:
5576:
5571:
5569:
5564:
5562:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5486:
5485:0-582-71784-1
5482:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5460:0-582-71784-1
5457:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5427:
5424:
5423:0-908800-02-9
5420:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5408:
5392:
5388:
5381:
5378:
5366:
5360:
5356:
5355:
5347:
5344:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5320:
5317:
5312:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5274:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5256:
5249:
5246:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5214:
5211:
5199:
5195:
5189:
5186:
5174:. 11 May 2008
5173:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5138:
5131:
5128:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5092:
5089:
5081:
5077:
5076:
5068:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5008:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4784:
4777:
4774:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4705:
4702:
4689:
4688:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4654:
4653:
4645:
4642:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4513:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4444:
4441:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4365:
4362:
4350:
4346:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4267:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4133:
4129:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3898:
3895:
3893:161.0 ± 36.0
3892:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3829:/ Mt Gabriel
3828:
3825:
3824:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3760:
3752:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3281:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:Pukaki Lagoon
2401:
2400:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1648:174°50′47.6″E
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:
994:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
979:
977:
973:
945:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
926:
922:
920:
916:
888:
885:
882:
880:
876:
866:
862:
859:
856:
853:
852:
849:
843:
841:
839:
835:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:civil defence
809:
803:
801:
797:
792:
791:Ōrākei crater
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
769:, as well as
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
743:
741:
739:
738:co-governance
735:
731:
727:
726:Tūpuna Maunga
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
638:
634:
630:
622:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:Pukaki Lagoon
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
546:
542:
537:
531:Human context
530:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:Pacific Plate
481:
477:
468:
464:
459:
455:
445:
443:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:Mt Saint John
394:
389:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
350:in the east.
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
323:
321:
317:
316:Mount Ruapehu
313:
309:
305:
302:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
255:
253:
252:Last eruption
249:
245:
243:
239:
235:
233:
232:Mountain type
229:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
155:
149:
145:
140:
138:
134:
129:
122:
113:
108:
103:
75:
73:
69:
65:
63:
59:
54:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6178:Matukutūruru
6172:Matukutūreia
6095:Styaks Swamp
6077:Hampton Park
6059:Taylors Hill
6047:Purchas Hill
6003:Ōrākei Basin
5916:
5657:Tāmaki Māori
5619:
5610:Demographics
5532:28 September
5530:. Retrieved
5526:
5508:
5476:
5470:
5451:
5443:
5429:
5414:
5394:. Retrieved
5390:
5380:
5368:. Retrieved
5353:
5346:
5329:
5325:
5319:
5284:
5280:
5273:
5254:
5248:
5223:
5219:
5213:
5203:28 September
5201:. Retrieved
5197:
5188:
5176:. Retrieved
5165:
5156:
5144:. Retrieved
5130:
5105:
5101:
5091:
5080:the original
5073:
5047:
5044:City of Fire
5043:
5023:. Retrieved
5019:
5010:
4998:. Retrieved
4996:. April 2022
4993:
4984:
4974:
4971:City of Fire
4970:
4965:
4953:. Retrieved
4894:
4888:
4875:
4865:15 September
4863:. Retrieved
4853:
4828:. Retrieved
4803:. Retrieved
4796:the original
4789:
4776:
4766:12 September
4764:. Retrieved
4760:the original
4756:maori.org.nz
4755:
4718:
4714:
4704:
4692:. Retrieved
4686:
4660:. Retrieved
4651:
4644:
4619:
4615:
4591:
4579:. Retrieved
4577:. 9 May 2008
4574:
4565:
4556:
4544:. Retrieved
4537:the original
4532:
4528:
4515:
4503:. Retrieved
4496:the original
4454:
4450:
4443:
4435:the original
4430:
4420:
4411:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4352:. Retrieved
4348:
4321:. Retrieved
4317:the original
4312:
4302:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4247:
4213:
4209:
4165:
4161:
4136:. Retrieved
4131:
4081:
4077:
3956:Ōrākei Basin
3530:59.0 ± 20.0
3294:181.0 ± 2.0
2940:42.3 ± 22.0
2879:Styaks Swamp
2712:193.2 ± 5.6
2598:105.3 ± 6.2
2532:106.0 ± 8.0
2293:119.2 ± 5.6
2122:126.0 ± 6.0
2118:Ōrākei Basin
1756:87.5 ± 15.2
1510:67.0 ± 12.0
1448:Matukutūreia
1224:57.0 ± 32.0
1220:Hampton Park
883:145.0 ± 4.0
847:
832:
820:seismometers
804:
787:
767:volcanic gas
747:
733:
729:
725:
713:
708:In the 2014
707:
699:Manukau City
684:
677:
650:
635:
628:
627:Many of the
626:
572:Hunua Ranges
564:patupaiarehe
552:Tāmaki Māori
550:
473:
440:interglacial
429:
421:Matukutūreia
390:
386:Ōrākei Basin
379:
352:
344:Mount Albert
340:Matukutururu
329:
280:53 volcanoes
276:North Island
263:
261:
242:Type of rock
29:
6242:North Shore
6154:Crater Hill
6101:Pukewairiki
5997:Mount Smart
5757:Albert-Eden
5707:North Shore
5685:City Centre
5673:Major areas
5523:"Volcanoes"
4830:1 September
4721:: 378–401.
4662:12 November
4505:10 February
4168:: 174–183.
3997: /
3985:174°51′30″E
3920: /
3908:174°52′04″E
3859: /
3847:174°46′13″E
3832:20.3 ± 0.2
3801: /
3789:174°50′51″E
3774:10.9 ± 0.2
3736: /
3724:174°45′17″E
3709:31.0 ± 1.8
3679: /
3667:174°53′54″E
3622: /
3610:174°46′00″E
3557: /
3545:174°46′59″E
3500: /
3488:174°44′50″E
3473:29.8 ± 4.4
3435: /
3423:174°46′49″E
3408:75.3 ± 3.4
3378: /
3366:174°45′03″E
3321: /
3309:174°45′12″E
3252: /
3240:174°50′58″E
3225:25.2 ± 1.8
3195: /
3183:174°47′05″E
3138: /
3126:174°50′47″E
3111:41.3 ± 2.4
3081: /
3069:174°52′12″E
3054:30.2 ± 0.2
3024: /
3012:174°47′56″E
2997:34.8 ± 4.0
2967: /
2955:174°48′07″E
2910: /
2898:174°54′01″E
2853: /
2841:174°48′45″E
2826:20.1 ± 0.2
2796: /
2784:174°51′36″E
2739: /
2727:174°45′58″E
2682: /
2670:174°51′57″E
2651:Pukewairiki
2625: /
2613:174°44′15″E
2559: /
2547:174°46′33″E
2502: /
2490:174°45′26″E
2434: /
2422:174°48′37″E
2377: /
2365:174°49′59″E
2320: /
2308:174°43′12″E
2263: /
2251:174°45′15″E
2236:24.2 ± 1.8
2206: /
2194:174°50′22″E
2179:30.2 ± 4.2
2149: /
2137:174°48′47″E
2092: /
2080:174°54′11″E
2065:23.4 ± 0.8
2035: /
2023:174°47′10″E
2008:34.2 ± 1.8
1978: /
1966:174°50′30″E
1951:24.3 ± 0.8
1913: /
1901:174°53′41″E
1886:24.4 ± 0.6
1848: /
1836:174°45′50″E
1821:28.0 ± 0.6
1783: /
1771:174°48′43″E
1726: /
1714:174°44′51″E
1699:88.9 ± 4.8
1660: /
1633:10.0 ± 1.0
1602: /
1590:174°48′35″E
1575:24.6 ± 0.6
1537: /
1525:174°46′59″E
1480: /
1468:174°50′46″E
1453:48.0 ± 3.0
1422: /
1410:174°53′54″E
1395:19.6 ± 6.6
1365: /
1353:174°46′39″E
1308: /
1296:174°50′34″E
1281:33.7 ± 2.4
1251: /
1239:174°53′44″E
1194: /
1182:174°45′49″E
1129: /
1117:174°49′38″E
1103:30.4 ± 0.8
1099:Crater Hill
1073: /
1061:174°50′28″E
1016: /
1004:174°48′49″E
967: /
955:174°52′03″E
940:31.8 ± 0.4
910: /
898:174°46′02″E
865:Coordinates
755:earthquakes
593:Crater Hill
332:Lake Pupuke
294:cones, and
144:Pleistocene
137:Age of rock
97: /
85:174°45′50″E
72:Coordinates
48:Hochstetter
6308:Categories
6250:Maungauika
6190:Waitomokia
6089:Green Hill
6083:Ōtara Hill
6009:Puketāpapa
5827:Puketāpapa
5370:30 October
5302:2292/51323
4694:2 November
4546:6 December
4134:(5): 11–16
4056:References
3982:37°00′26″S
3970:30.1–31.0
3905:36°50′49″S
3844:36°58′37″S
3827:Waitomokia
3786:36°53′14″S
3721:36°54′11″S
3664:36°56′50″S
3607:36°52′57″S
3542:36°56′59″S
3485:36°57′55″S
3420:36°53′00″S
3363:36°48′29″S
3306:36°48′07″S
3237:36°54′18″S
3180:36°55′46″S
3123:36°55′45″S
3066:36°51′51″S
3009:36°49′36″S
2952:36°49′28″S
2895:36°56′10″S
2781:36°47′12″S
2724:36°46′48″S
2667:36°56′39″S
2610:36°54′44″S
2544:36°51′33″S
2487:36°59′02″S
2419:36°58′59″S
2362:37°00′53″S
2305:36°53′26″S
2248:36°59′10″S
2191:36°55′57″S
2134:36°52′02″S
2077:36°53′20″S
2020:36°52′40″S
1963:36°56′55″S
1898:36°49′50″S
1833:36°52′37″S
1768:36°49′40″S
1711:36°59′41″S
1645:36°53′35″S
1587:36°52′31″S
1465:37°00′49″S
1407:36°56′24″S
1350:36°57′25″S
1293:36°58′43″S
1236:36°57′03″S
1179:36°51′30″S
1114:36°59′12″S
1058:36°59′23″S
1001:36°57′19″S
952:37°00′10″S
895:36°50′55″S
863:Location (
854:Volcanoes
771:lava flows
759:lava bombs
589:Waitomokia
454:Quaternary
409:lava tubes
405:Meola Reef
320:Lake Taupō
308:subduction
288:tuff rings
256:c. 1400 CE
148:Meghalayan
82:36°52′37″S
6286:Tank Farm
6268:Rangitoto
6256:Motukorea
6041:Maungarei
5852:Waitematā
5792:Kaipātiki
5637:Transport
5545:QuickTime
5311:216443777
5240:129707270
5122:140571635
4955:6 October
4919:Q58677091
4903:0067-0464
4897:: 11–39.
4805:6 October
4752:"Mataaho"
4735:221380777
4636:128945408
4571:"Geology"
4403:0377-0273
4381:: 16–33.
4354:5 January
4323:5 January
4190:0377-0273
4106:0377-0273
4084:: 60–74.
3280:Maungarei
2838:36°55′6″S
1628:Maungarei
1522:36°54′0″S
824:Riverhead
781:, or the
763:ash falls
547:Mythology
521:Ngatutura
375:volcanoes
312:volcanism
110:Geography
62:Elevation
6196:Ōtuataua
6136:Ash Hill
5875:Category
5822:Papakura
5802:Manurewa
5772:Franklin
5697:Franklin
5598:Timeline
5582:Auckland
5396:28 April
4915:Wikidata
4911:42906272
4883:(1979).
4581:25 April
4138:19 April
4024:See also
3950:cone of
2350:Undated
2232:Ōtuataua
1046:Undated
936:Ash Hill
886:Unclear
838:Pukekawa
671:for the
560:Rūaumoko
458:Auckland
403:to form
382:Takapuna
326:Features
310:-driven
301:basaltic
272:Auckland
6292:Onepoto
6208:Pukeiti
6160:Kohuora
5842:Waiheke
5652:Suburbs
5642:Schools
5615:Geology
5605:Culture
5593:History
5178:22 July
5025:18 July
5000:18 July
4459:Bibcode
4383:Bibcode
4282:Bibcode
4218:Bibcode
4170:Bibcode
4086:Bibcode
3347:Onepoto
2471:Pukeiti
2460:Pukaki
1277:Kohuora
873:Images
860:Height
828:tremors
744:Dangers
597:Kohuora
581:Māngere
576:Mahuika
556:Mataaho
515:, near
492:Miocene
467:Miocene
221:↓
131:Geology
5832:Rodney
5812:Ōrākei
5787:Howick
5724:Rodney
5632:Region
5483:
5458:
5421:
5361:
5309:
5261:
5238:
5146:7 June
5120:
4917:
4909:
4901:
4733:
4634:
4401:
4254:
4188:
4104:
3948:scoria
3887:– see
3595:28.0+
3351:187.6
2708:Pupuke
1167:106.5
777:, the
689:, the
653:Pākehā
646:scoria
629:maunga
517:Raglan
355:Pupuke
292:scoria
246:Basalt
5662:Marae
5307:S2CID
5236:S2CID
5140:(PDF)
5118:S2CID
5083:(PDF)
5070:(PDF)
4946:(PDF)
4907:JSTOR
4799:(PDF)
4786:(PDF)
4731:S2CID
4656:(PDF)
4632:S2CID
4540:(PDF)
4525:(PDF)
4499:(PDF)
4492:(PDF)
3652:56.5
3168:31.0
2883:19.1
2655:130+
2475:23.7
1338:59.5
989:130+
870:Refs
633:Māori
623:Usage
513:Okete
359:Māori
304:magma
284:maars
6240:and
6228:(44)
6222:(37)
6216:(39)
6210:(41)
6204:(53)
6198:(42)
6192:(40)
6186:(43)
6180:(48)
6174:(47)
6168:(38)
6162:(46)
6156:(45)
6150:(52)
6144:(51)
6138:(49)
6121:(30)
6115:(28)
6109:(29)
6103:(31)
6097:(35)
6091:(34)
6085:(33)
6079:(32)
6073:(36)
6067:(25)
6061:(22)
6055:(21)
6049:(23)
6043:(24)
6017:(19)
6011:(14)
6005:(20)
5999:(26)
5993:(27)
5987:(13)
5981:(15)
5975:(16)
5969:(17)
5963:(18)
5957:(11)
5951:(12)
5939:(50)
5933:(10)
5857:Whau
5534:2017
5481:ISBN
5456:ISBN
5434:2003
5419:ISBN
5398:2019
5372:2022
5359:ISBN
5259:ISBN
5205:2017
5180:2023
5148:2022
5027:2022
5002:2022
4957:2021
4899:ISSN
4867:2016
4832:2021
4807:2021
4768:2021
4696:2022
4664:2022
4583:2013
4548:2011
4507:2024
4399:ISSN
4356:2023
4325:2023
4252:ISBN
4186:ISSN
4140:2013
4102:ISSN
2462:maar
2407:45+
814:and
722:hapū
720:and
697:and
659:and
603:and
474:The
367:lava
334:and
318:and
296:lava
262:The
160:PreꞒ
6294:(3)
6288:(2)
6282:(4)
6276:(5)
6270:(7)
6264:(1)
6258:(8)
6252:(6)
5945:(9)
5334:doi
5297:hdl
5289:doi
5228:doi
5110:doi
4723:doi
4624:doi
4467:doi
4391:doi
4379:266
4290:doi
4278:201
4226:doi
4214:128
4178:doi
4166:257
4094:doi
4082:343
753:to
718:iwi
619:).
146:to
6310::
5547:).
5525:.
5513:.
5507:.
5389:.
5328:.
5305:.
5295:.
5285:64
5283:.
5234:.
5224:54
5222:.
5196:.
5170:.
5164:.
5116:.
5106:67
5104:.
5100:.
5072:.
5057:^
5035:^
4992:.
4948:.
4927:^
4913:.
4905:.
4895:16
4893:.
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