1224:
662:), or at least grant full religious freedom to his fellow Catholics in Saxony, but this never happened. Saxony remained Lutheran and the few Roman Catholics residing in Saxony lacked any political or civil rights. In 1717, it became clear just how awkward the situation was: to realize his ambitious dynastic plans in Poland and Germany, it was necessary for Augustus' heirs to become Roman Catholic. After five years as a convert, his son—the future Augustus III—publicly avowed his Roman Catholicism. The Saxon Estates were outraged and revolted as it became clear that his conversion to Catholicism was not only a matter of form, but of substance as well.
1329:
1025:
1249:
1196:
989:
1182:
626:
699:
403:
832:
42:
1286:
realised that the current approaches, which involved mixing fine white substances like crushed egg shells into clay, would not work. Rather, his approach was to attempt to bake clay at higher temperatures than had ever before been attained in
European kilns. That approach yielded the breakthrough that had eluded European potters for a century. By the king's decree, the Royal-Polish and Electoral-Saxon Porcelain Manufactory was established in
1210:
973:). He was handicapped by the mutual jealousy of the Saxons and the Poles, and a struggle broke out in Poland which was only ended when the king promised to limit the number of his army in that country to 18,000 men. Peter the Great seized on the opportunity to pose as mediator, threatened the Commonwealth militarily, and in 1717 forced Augustus and the nobility to sign an accommodation favorable to Russian interests, at the
2404:
1168:
2766:
1608:; married on 1 June 1749 to Countess Friederike Christiane of Holtzendorff. They had four children. The two sons, Gustav Ernst and Segismund, died unmarried. One of the two daughters, Constantia Alexandrina, married Johann Heinrich, Lehnsgraf Knuth. The other, named Charlotte, first married Count Rudolf of Bünau and then married Charles de Riviere.
622:. Although the prince-elector guaranteed Saxony's religious status quo, Augustus' conversion alienated many of his Protestant subjects. As a result of the enormous expenditure of money used to bribe the Polish nobility and clergy, Augustus' contemporaries derisively referred to the Saxon elector's royal ambitions as his "Polish adventure".
937:
1285:
Augustus imprisoned Böttger and tried to force him to reveal the secret of manufacturing gold. Böttger's transition from alchemist to potter was orchestrated as an attempt to avoid the impossible demands of the king. Being an alchemist by profession rather than a potter, gave Böttger an advantage. He
984:
For the remainder of his reign, in an uneasy relationship, Augustus was more or less dependent on Russia (and to a lesser extent, on
Austria) to maintain his Polish throne. He gave up his dynastic ambitions and concentrated instead on attempts to strengthen the Commonwealth. Faced with both internal
685:
also converted to
Catholicism, the electorate faced a hereditary Catholic succession instead of a return to a Protestant Elector upon Augustus's death. When the conversion became public in 1717, Brandenburg-Prussia and Hanover attempted to oust Saxony from the directorship and appoint themselves as
496:
to strengthen its influence in Europe, especially within Poland. His main pursuit was bolstering royal power in the
Commonwealth, characterized by broad decentralization in comparison with other European monarchies. In order to reduce the autonomy of the Commonwealth's subjects he was using foreign
1072:
With strict building regulations, major urban development plans, and a certain feeling for art, the king began to transform
Dresden into a renowned cultural center with one of Germany's finest art collections, though most of the city's famous sights and landmarks were completed during the reign of
1534:, claimed that Augustus had as many as 365 or 382 children. The number is extremely difficult to verify. Perhaps the number refers not to the king's children but to the nights that he spent with his mistresses. Augustus officially recognised only a tiny fraction of that number as his
1155:
was present, as well as 48 invited
European princes with their military officers and envoys of the European powers. It was not only the largest troop show in Europe but also one of the most gigantic baroque festivals of its time, showcasing the high level of Saxon art and culture.
689:
The wife of
Augustus, the Electress Christiane Eberhardine, refused to follow her husband's example and remained a staunch Protestant. She did not attend her husband's coronation in Poland and led a rather quiet life outside Dresden, gaining some popularity for her stubbornness.
686:
joint directors, but they gave up the attempt in 1720. Saxony would retain the directorship of the
Protestant body in the Reichstag until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, despite the fact that all remaining Electors of Saxony were Catholic.
1637:
Augustus
Secundus, Dei Gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russie, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogitiae, Livoniae, Kijoviae, Volhyniae, Podoliae, Podlachiae, Smolensciae, Severiae, Czerniechoviaeque, necnon haereditarius dux Saxoniae et princeps elector
786:
in 1698. Unfortunately on 22 September a conflict between Polish and Saxon troops was narrowly avoided, causing the campaign to end. Victory at
Podhajce had the political impact of forcing the Ottoman Empire to return
1336:
Augustus II was called "the Strong" for his bear-like physical strength and for his numerous offspring (only one of them his legitimate child and heir). The most famous of the king's children born out of wedlock was
476:
into a major cultural centre, attracting artists from across Europe to his court. Augustus also amassed an impressive art collection and built lavish baroque palaces in Dresden and Warsaw. In 1711 he served as the
876:
By this time, Augustus was certainly ready for peace, but Charles felt that he would be more secure if he could establish someone with whom he had more influence on the Polish throne. In 1704 the Swedes installed
1143:
were tossed and killed. Augustus himself participated, reportedly demonstrating his strength by holding the end of his sling by just one finger, with two of the strongest men in his court on the other end.
803:
to impose some order on the chaotic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was, however, soon distracted from his internal reform projects by the possibility of external conquest. He formed an alliance with
1582:(1706–1746), Countess Rutowska; married firstly in January 1728 to Michał, Count Bieliński, divorced in early 1732; secondly, in February 1732, to Claude Marie Noyel, Comte du Bellegarde et d'Entremont.
985:
and foreign opposition, however, he achieved little. In 1729 he established the Grand Musketeers Company in Dresden, one of the oldest Polish officers' schools, which in 1730 was relocated to Warsaw.
4778:
1621:(26 November 1707 – Avignon, 27 September 1769), Countess Orzelska; married on 10 August 1730 to Karl Ludwig Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck. They divorced in 1733.
1384:
Augustus was 1.76 meters (5 ft 9 in) tall, above average height for that time, but despite his extraordinary physical strength, he did not look big. In his final years he suffered from
999:
Augustus died at Warsaw in 1733. Although he had failed to make the Polish throne hereditary in his house, his eldest son, Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, succeeded him to the Polish throne as
4698:
1948:
1101:, which became the city's oldest public park and one of the first publicly accessible parks in the world. Following the devastation of the Great Northern War he also had the
775:
4783:
2600:
437:
Augustus' great physical strength earned him the nicknames "the Strong", "the Saxon Hercules" and "Iron-Hand". He liked to show that he lived up to his name by breaking
4743:
3492:
544:, assumed the post after the death of their father on 12 September 1691. Augustus was well educated, and spent some years in travel and in fighting against France.
548:
258:
1320:
estate near Dresden, and after expanding the palace and garden complex, in 1727 he organized there the first ever festivities of the Order of the White Eagle.
3937:
2920:
4527:
1223:
4100:
2424:
1881:
1358:
644:
and ran counter to his new-found religious and absolutist convictions. The Protestant princes of the empire and the two remaining Protestant electors (of
3121:
719:
1592:
Augusta Anna Constantia (24 February 1708 – 3 February 1728), Countess of Cosel; married on 3 June 1725 to Heinrich Friedrich, Count of
1913:
1127:, and luxurious court gatherings, games, and garden festivities. His court acquired a reputation for extravagance throughout Europe. He held a famous
674:
1366:
4738:
4553:
4532:
4459:
828:
in 1700, thereby allowing him to focus on the struggle with Augustus. However, this war ultimately proved as disastrous for Sweden as for Poland.
2419:
1434:
The Electress Christiane, who remained Protestant and refused to move to Poland with her husband, preferred to spend her time in the mansion in
4413:
4231:
4062:
2182:
4728:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4210:
3967:
2534:
2150:
446:
445:
by holding the end of his sling with just one finger while two of the strongest men in his court held the other end. He is also notable for
4768:
3256:
3251:
1456:
799:
in 1699. An ambitious ruler, Augustus hoped to make the Polish throne hereditary within his family, and to use his resources as elector of
894:
402:
4693:
4339:
4277:
4236:
4143:
4007:
3977:
3972:
3485:
1885:
3779:
3775:
948:
940:
723:
453:
217:
4678:
4574:
4360:
4334:
4282:
4042:
3962:
1839:
739:
533:
358:
2297:
1195:
824:. Charles proved an able military commander, however, quickly forcing the Danes out of the war and then driving back the Russians at
4683:
4376:
4329:
4272:
4226:
4037:
3957:
2746:
2721:
2672:
2638:
2571:
2480:
1775:
1303:
763:
as Augustus's proxy). However, Augustus hurried to the Commonwealth with a Saxon army, while Conti stayed in France for two months.
742:, had received more votes. Each candidate, Conti and Augustus, was proclaimed as king by a different ecclesiastical authority: (the
670:
541:
465:
47:
3827:
3420:
3161:
846:
in July 1701, forcing the Polish-Saxon army to withdraw from Livonia, and followed this up with an invasion of Poland. He captured
3688:
3342:
4517:
4308:
4251:
4180:
4032:
3997:
3930:
2913:
2217:
1746:
117:
1538:(the mothers of these "chosen ones", with the possible exception of Fatima and Henriette Rénard, were all aristocratic ladies):
673:. To placate the other Protestant states in the Empire, Augustus nominally delegated the directorship of the Protestant body to
497:
powers leading to destabilization of the country. Augustus ruled Poland with an interval; in 1704 the Swedes installed nobleman
4773:
4748:
4713:
4558:
4475:
4428:
4418:
4303:
4138:
4093:
4027:
3987:
3852:
3445:
2111:
1560:
1484:
1462:
1450:
910:
583:
537:
368:
318:
2608:
1328:
4763:
4733:
4579:
4449:
4287:
4119:
4067:
4022:
3982:
3511:
3478:
2770:
1649:
1490:
1152:
611:
213:
2154:
1047:
1024:
4548:
4522:
3347:
2082:
1579:
1354:
746:
328:
3296:
1042:, a city that became renowned for extraordinary cultural brilliance. He introduced the first public museums, such as the
4433:
1810:
1346:
1181:
1008:
502:
3136:
1248:
4600:
4344:
4256:
4017:
3923:
3885:
3866:
3611:
3568:
3536:
3516:
2906:
1573:
754:
323:
3842:
3435:
1275:
878:
866:
498:
144:
3246:
598:
To be eligible for election to the throne of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1697, Augustus had to convert to
4753:
4241:
4164:
4086:
4012:
2687:
1414:
970:
461:
3231:
1598:
Fredericka Alexandrine (27 October 1709 – 1784), Countess of Cosel; married on 18 February 1730 to
4758:
4703:
4423:
4159:
3992:
3788:
3382:
3278:
3191:
3085:
2307:
862:
783:
678:
658:
1038:
Augustus is perhaps best remembered as a patron of the arts and architecture. He had beautiful palaces built in
4723:
4718:
4708:
4688:
4205:
3946:
3559:
3273:
2880:
2044:
1653:
1472:
1209:
3727:
3196:
3141:
3111:
3101:
2946:
2739:
August der Starke und das schwache Geschlecht. Die Liebschaften des Kurfürsten Friedrich August I. von Sachsen
2507:
Kalipke, Andreas (2010). "The Corpus Evangelicorum". In Coy, J.P.; Marschke, B. Benjamin; Sabean D.W. (eds.).
472:, he is perhaps best remembered as a patron of the arts and architecture. He transformed the Saxon capital of
4195:
4002:
3817:
3410:
3311:
3226:
3096:
3069:
3028:
2937:
2929:
2861:
2830:
2015:
1466:
882:
843:
805:
750:
735:
423:
100:
1523:
916:
Meanwhile, Russia's Tsar Peter had reformed his army, and he dealt a crippling defeat to the Swedes at the
4595:
4501:
4496:
4397:
4200:
4057:
3847:
3625:
3440:
3091:
2890:
1599:
1531:
1506:
1279:
1000:
956:
825:
682:
607:
556:
521:
333:
305:
89:
3166:
3761:
3372:
3301:
3171:
3146:
3018:
1004:
870:
813:
645:
540:. As the second son, Augustus had no expectation of inheriting the electorate, since his older brother,
3705:
1593:
1513:
1445:
Augustus, a voracious womanizer, never missed his wife, spending his time with a series of mistresses:
988:
501:
as king, who officially reigned from 1706 to 1709 and after Augustus' death in 1733 which sparked the
4658:
4653:
4480:
4123:
3822:
3746:
3527:
3415:
3352:
3334:
3266:
1843:
1705:
1673:
1494:
1480:
1435:
1102:
1054:
906:
859:
851:
800:
630:
603:
469:
189:
4246:
3797:
3756:
3751:
3664:
3390:
3367:
3362:
3201:
3176:
3151:
2348:
1645:
1500:
1378:
1113:
902:
796:
698:
666:
649:
2048:
1550:(Goslar, 28 October 1696 – Château de Chambord, 30 November 1750), Count of Saxony.
1167:
831:
4616:
4190:
4185:
3812:
3737:
3681:
3405:
3319:
3186:
3130:
3106:
3079:
2356:
2280:
1563:(21 August 1704 – 25 February 1774), Chevalier de Saxe, later Governor of Dresden.
1392:, at his death weighing some 110 kilograms (240 lb). Augustus II's body was interred in the
1362:
1082:
898:
836:
817:
792:
771:
575:
489:
51:
3807:
3400:
2522:
488:
His reigns brought Poland some troubled times. He led the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the
41:
4454:
4109:
3832:
3693:
3425:
3324:
3181:
2819:
2742:
2717:
2668:
2634:
2567:
2530:
2476:
2292:
1401:
1342:
1313:
1291:
1261:
1243:
1201:
1187:
1106:
1074:
1028:
993:
960:
917:
809:
743:
731:
727:
715:
653:
637:
599:
587:
560:
517:
482:
457:
415:
381:
289:
231:
193:
134:
59:
738:. At the time, some questioned the legality of Augustus' elevation, since another candidate,
4313:
3206:
3156:
2409:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
2302:
2275:
1677:
1058:
427:
3236:
3221:
2785:
2340:
2332:
1547:
1393:
1338:
1215:
1078:
886:
821:
779:
509:
431:
348:
313:
237:
124:
1073:
his son Augustus III. The most famous building started under Augustus the Strong was the
1576:(Warsaw/Dresden , 19 June 1702 – Pillnitz, 16 March 1764), Count Rutowsky
963:
in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, but was faced with opposition from the nobility (
4047:
3875:
3802:
3722:
3592:
3395:
3211:
2974:
2873:
2857:
2850:
2840:
2826:
2312:
1632:
1423:
1173:
1066:
1046:
in 1723, and started systematic collection of paintings that are now on display in the
925:
921:
885:, which compelled Augustus to initiate military operations in Poland alongside Russia (
767:
759:
564:
493:
478:
419:
96:
79:
3241:
2495:
625:
4647:
3901:
3582:
3357:
3288:
3056:
2415:
2410:
1661:
1618:
1512:
1713–1719 with Maria Magdalena of Bielinski, by her first marriage Countess of
1253:
1117:
615:
1535:
1419:
1267:
Augustus II successfully sponsored efforts to discover the secret of manufacturing
1229:
1098:
1090:
1086:
952:
586:. On 27 April 1694, Johann Georg died without legitimate issue and Augustus became
27:
Elector of Saxony (r. 1694–1733); Ruler of Poland-Lithuania (r. 1697–1706, 1709–33)
17:
4630:
3046:
3013:
614:
baptized him and announced his conversion. Saxony had been a stronghold of German
3700:
1374:
1128:
1043:
974:
816:(Augustus' cousin) of his possessions. Poland's reward for participation in the
641:
442:
1604:
Frederick Augustus (27 August 1712 – 15 October 1770), Count of
1312:, Augustus founded the Order of the White Eagle, Poland's first and preeminent
3644:
3635:
2995:
2446:
Flathe, Heinrich Theodor (1878), "Friedrich August I., Kurfürst von Sachsen",
1053:
From 1687 to 1689, Augustus toured France and Italy. The extravagant court in
770:
in 1695 and 1696 without very much success, Augustus continued the war of the
656:, Augustus theoretically had the right to re-introduce Roman Catholicism (see
652:) were anxious to keep Saxony well-integrated in their camp. According to the
3712:
3659:
3620:
3545:
3064:
2988:
2960:
2428:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 915–916.
1701:
1689:
1669:
1370:
1282:, who had expected that he produce gold for him as he had boasted he could.
1268:
438:
426:
from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733. He belonged to the
1397:
855:
513:
241:
2765:
2473:
August der Starke und seine Zeit. Kurfürst von Sachsen und König von Polen
1151:
Encampment after reorganizing and reequipping his army. The Prussian king
3717:
3676:
3671:
3649:
3577:
3036:
3002:
2981:
2496:
Study Group on Eighteenth-Century Russia website, ‘’Chapter 7, Part One’’
1693:
1681:
1657:
1605:
1385:
1350:
1317:
1148:
1123:
A man of pleasure, the king sponsored lavish court balls, Venetian-style
965:
618:
and Augustus' conversion was therefore considered shocking in Protestant
579:
552:
387:
3470:
1341:, a brilliant strategist who attained the highest military ranks in the
3654:
3074:
2967:
2566:(in Polish). Warsaw, Poland: Dom Wydawniczy Bellona. pp. 127–141.
1697:
1685:
1665:
1309:
1287:
1272:
1257:
1140:
1062:
1039:
1032:
788:
473:
343:
185:
1479:, a woman of Turkish origin captured as a toddler named Fatima at the
3915:
3601:
3041:
3008:
2953:
2898:
1136:
1094:
847:
707:
619:
571:
209:
4078:
909:, forcing Augustus to yield the Polish throne to Leszczyński by the
1519:
1720–1721 with Erdmuthe Sophie of Dieskau, by marriage of Loß
1389:
1247:
1023:
935:
890:
830:
697:
624:
578:
season, his older brother, the Elector John George IV, contracted
1065:
age, Augustus invested heavily in the representative splendor of
1439:
1132:
774:
against Turkey, and during a campaign against the Ottomans, his
703:
532:
Augustus was born in Dresden on 12 May 1670, the younger son of
4082:
3919:
3474:
2902:
858:. He defeated another of Augustus' armies under the command of
2631:
Hunting Weapons: From the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century
936:
1290:
in 1709. The manufacture of fine porcelain continues at the
1061:—impressed him deeply. In accordance with the spirit of the
850:
on 14 May 1702, defeated the Polish-Saxon army again at the
1069:, his major residence, to advertise his wealth and power.
1412:
In 1936 Augustus was the subject of a Polish-German film
606:
electors had traditionally been called "champions of the
992:
Capsule with the heart of Augustus II the Strong in the
901:(1705–1706) did not go well for Augustus. Following the
2667:(in German) (8th ed.), Dresden: Verlag der Kunst,
4211:
Prince Frederick, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
2781:
Augustus II of Poland (Frederick Augustus I of Saxony)
2665:
Meissner Porzellan. Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart
1353:, who was married to the daughter of Augustus's rival
1262:
Royal-Polish and Electoral-Saxon Porcelain Manufacture
669:, the elector of Saxony had been the director of the
2649:
Hans Beschorner: "The Zeithain camp from 1730". In:
1089:
Castle, his hunting lodges. He greatly expanded the
957:
returned to the Polish throne under Russian auspices
766:
Although he had led the imperial troops against the
4779:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
4609:
4588:
4567:
4541:
4510:
4489:
4468:
4442:
4406:
4390:
4369:
4353:
4322:
4296:
4265:
4219:
4173:
4152:
4131:
4118:The generations are numbered from the ascension of
3874:
3865:
3787:
3774:
3736:
3634:
3610:
3591:
3567:
3558:
3535:
3526:
3381:
3333:
3310:
3286:
3265:
3120:
3055:
3027:
2936:
397:
374:
364:
354:
342:
288:
252:
223:
199:
172:
168:
160:
150:
140:
130:
116:
106:
95:
85:
75:
65:
58:
34:
1116:the title of the Royal-Polish and Electoral-Saxon
1568:With Maria Aurora von Spiegel (originally Fatima)
464:from the Holy Roman Emperor and established the
1483:and brought up in Sweden as the goddaughter of
4699:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism
2741:(in German), Wittenberg: Dreikastanienverlag,
2633:, p. xxiii. Courier Dover Publications, 2000.
2590:, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1986, p. 133 (in Polish)
718:and having converted to Catholicism, Augustus
702:Election of Augustus II for King of Poland in
549:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
468:, Poland's highest distinction. As elector of
259:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
4094:
3931:
3486:
2914:
8:
2527:Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów. Dzieje Agonii
1105:restored and enlarged. He also expanded the
508:Augustus' body was buried in Poland's royal
3461:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
2651:New archive for Saxon history and antiquity
1522:1721–1722 with Baroness Kristiane of
1369:, and the mother of three Kings of France (
1131:contest in Dresden at which 647 foxes, 533
1057:—perfectly tailored to fit the needs of an
749:proclaimed Conti and the bishop of Kujawy,
4101:
4087:
4079:
3938:
3924:
3916:
3871:
3784:
3564:
3532:
3493:
3479:
3471:
2921:
2907:
2899:
2776:
2716:(in German), Dresden: Sächsische Zeitung,
1727:
1718:
959:. Once again he attempted to establish an
46:Portrait of Augustus with the star of the
40:
31:
4784:Art collectors from the Holy Roman Empire
2454:, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot: 781–784
2381:
2379:
559:(1696–1763), who succeeded his father as
447:fathering a very large number of children
4554:Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen
2549:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2397:
2395:
1327:
987:
734:, which financed him through the banker
278:
4744:Polish people of the Great Northern War
4434:Clemens Wenceslaus, Archbishop of Trier
2375:
2325:
1400:—all but his heart, which rests at the
1163:
1003:although he had to be installed by the
905:, on 1 September 1706, Charles invaded
295:
274:
4232:Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Saxony
2466:
2464:
2462:
2130:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1861:
1736:
1732:
1422:. Augustus was portrayed by the actor
1278:, who had fled from the court of King
2714:August der Starke und seine Mätressen
2315:– Residence of Augustus II the Strong
2215:
2205:
2201:
2189:
2180:
2170:
2148:
2138:
2134:
2118:
2109:
2099:
2080:
2070:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2032:
2013:
2003:
1999:
1975:
1965:
1946:
1936:
1932:
1920:
1911:
1901:
1879:
1869:
1865:
1849:
1837:
1827:
1808:
1798:
1794:
1782:
1773:
1763:
1744:
1740:
1704:, and Hereditary Duke and Elector of
1530:Some contemporary sources, including
1516:and by the second Princess Lubomirska
951:soon came to be regarded as almost a
414:(12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was
7:
2448:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB)
1555:With Ursula Katharina of Altenbockum
1457:Anna Aloysia Maximiliane von Lamberg
1365:through her marriage to the Dauphin
920:(1709). This spelled the end of the
555:on 20 January 1693. They had a son,
441:with his bare hands and engaging in
4144:William III, Landgrave of Thuringia
2588:Polacy w osiemnastowiecznym Dreźnie
2509:The Holy Roman Empire, Reconsidered
1722:Ancestors of Augustus II the Strong
1587:With Anna Constantia von Brockdorff
1147:From 1 to 26 June 1730 he held the
842:Charles defeated Augustus' army at
714:Following the death of Polish King
452:In order to be elected king of the
4575:Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen
1349:he remained loyal to his employer
932:King of Poland for the second time
534:John George III, Elector of Saxony
359:John George III, Elector of Saxony
25:
4227:John, Hereditary Prince of Saxony
1542:With Maria Aurora von Königsmarck
1304:Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
694:King of Poland for the first time
460:. As a Catholic, he received the
2764:
2653:. 28 (1907), pp. 50–113, 200–252
2402:
1222:
1208:
1194:
1180:
1166:
671:Protestant body in the Reichstag
401:
4739:People of the Great Turkish War
4186:Ernest, Archbishop of Magdeburg
1463:Ursula Katharina of Altenbockum
1271:. In 1701 he rescued the young
955:of Russia. In 1709 Augustus II
895:civil war in Poland (1704–1706)
893:in summer 1704). The resulting
883:tied the commonwealth to Sweden
740:François Louis, Prince of Conti
584:Magdalena Sibylla of Neidschutz
538:Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark
369:Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark
319:Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe
270:
70:27 April 1694 – 1 February 1733
48:Polish Order of the White Eagle
4191:Albert, Administrator of Mainz
3512:List of early Lithuanian dukes
2529:. Prószynski. pp. 25–27.
1491:Anna Constantia von Brockdorff
1455:1696–1699 with Countess
1449:1694–1696 with Countess
949:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
941:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
724:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
612:Christian August of Saxe-Zeitz
454:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
218:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
4549:Georg, Crown Prince of Saxony
4340:Christian I of Saxe-Merseburg
2511:. Berghahn. pp. 228–247.
2298:History of Poland (1569–1795)
1526:, by marriage of Stanisławski
1260:under Augustus II became the
1031:of Augustus II the Strong in
636:His church policy within the
516:, but his heart rests in the
329:Maria Anna Katharina Rutowska
4729:Knights of the Golden Fleece
4674:Burials at Dresden Cathedral
4669:18th-century Polish monarchs
4664:17th-century Polish monarchs
4335:Augustus of Saxe-Weissenfels
3853:Stanisław August Poniatowski
3446:Stanisław August Poniatowski
2601:"Johann Adolph Hasse Museum"
2475:(in German), Munich: Piper,
2359:. In Saxony he was known as
1485:Maria Aurora von Königsmarck
1451:Maria Aurora von Königsmarck
1347:War of the Polish Succession
1009:War of the Polish Succession
726:in 1697 with the backing of
503:War of the Polish Succession
4769:18th-century art collectors
4580:Albert, Margrave of Meissen
3828:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
3517:List of Lithuanian monarchs
3421:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
3162:Władysław III Spindleshanks
1509:, French dancer and actress
1357:. Augustus' granddaughter,
1048:Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
871:besieged and captured Toruń
755:Jacob Heinrich von Flemming
590:, as Friedrich Augustus I.
520:. His only legitimate son,
324:Frederick Augustus Rutowsky
4800:
4694:Burials at Wawel Cathedral
2387:The Hunters and the Hunted
2124:
1993:
1855:
1734:
1600:Jan Kanty, Count Moszyński
1301:
1241:
753:proclaimed Augustus, with
747:Michał Stefan Radziejowski
462:Order of the Golden Fleece
4679:Prince-electors of Saxony
4625:
4424:Charles, Duke of Courland
4116:
3953:
3899:
3506:
3454:
3252:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
3131:Senior or Supreme Princes
2887:
2878:
2870:
2855:
2847:
2837:
2824:
2811:
2806:
2779:
2692:Barockgarten Grosssedlitz
2562:Wojtasik, Janusz (1990).
2389:, p. 60. Macmillan, 1947.
2308:List of Lithuanian rulers
2203:
2195:
2164:
2136:
2132:
2093:
2068:
2060:
2026:
2001:
1997:
1959:
1934:
1926:
1895:
1867:
1863:
1821:
1796:
1788:
1757:
1738:
887:an alliance was concluded
863:Adam Heinrich von Steinau
659:Cuius regio, eius religio
594:Conversion to Catholicism
39:
4684:Grand dukes of Lithuania
4460:Maximilian, Crown Prince
3560:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3247:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
2712:Delau, Reinhard (2005),
1316:. In 1723 he bought the
1298:Order of the White Eagle
1276:Johann Friedrich Böttger
1081:, his summer residence,
1020:Augustus II and the arts
812:to strip the young King
466:Order of the White Eagle
456:, Augustus converted to
4633:of Poland and Lithuania
4429:Albert, Duke of Teschen
3227:Dukes of Greater Poland
2862:Grand Duke of Lithuania
2831:Grand Duke of Lithuania
2425:Encyclopædia Britannica
1916:of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1359:Maria Josepha of Saxony
1355:Stanisław I Leszczyński
971:Tarnogród Confederation
806:Frederick IV of Denmark
736:Issachar Berend Lehmann
524:, became king in 1733.
424:Grand Duke of Lithuania
101:Grand Duke of Lithuania
4774:Augustus II the Strong
4749:Polish Roman Catholics
4714:German Roman Catholics
4518:Frederick Augustus III
4068:Frederick Augustus III
3838:Augustus II the Strong
3431:Augustus II the Strong
3348:Władysław III of Varna
3232:Dukes of Little Poland
3137:Władysław II the Exile
3092:Casimir I the Restorer
3086:Bolesław the Forgotten
2737:Kühnel, Klaus (2005),
2352:
2344:
2336:
1978:Augustus II the Strong
1636:
1532:Wilhelmine of Bayreuth
1333:
1280:Frederick I of Prussia
1264:
1035:
1001:Augustus III of Poland
996:
944:
854:(July 1702), and took
839:
711:
633:
522:Augustus III of Poland
412:Augustus II the Strong
334:Anna Karolina Orzelska
306:Augustus III of Poland
4764:German art collectors
4734:Nobility from Dresden
4559:Prince Ernst Heinrich
4476:Frederick Augustus II
4419:Prince Francis Xavier
4398:Frederick Augustus II
4345:Maurice of Saxe-Zeitz
4058:Frederick Augustus II
3843:Stanisław Leszczyński
3803:Anna the Jagiellonian
3762:Sigismund II Augustus
3728:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
3501:Monarchs of Lithuania
3373:Sigismund II Augustus
3343:Władysław II Jagiełło
3320:Louis I the Hungarian
3302:Casimir III the Great
3197:Bolesław V the Chaste
3172:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
3142:Bolesław IV the Curly
3112:Bolesław III Wrymouth
3019:Piast the Wheelwright
2891:Frederick Augustus II
2663:Walcha, Otto (1986),
2629:Howard L. Blackmore.
2385:Sacheverell Sitwell.
2185:of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1642:English translation:
1613:With Henriette Rénard
1499:1706–1707 with
1489:1704–1713 with
1471:1701–1706 with
1461:1698–1704 with
1331:
1251:
1027:
1005:Imperial Russian Army
991:
939:
911:Treaty of Altranstädt
879:Stanisław Leszczyński
835:King Augustus II, by
834:
814:Charles XII of Sweden
701:
628:
557:Frederick Augustus II
499:Stanisław Leszczyński
418:from 1694 as well as
90:Frederick Augustus II
4450:Frederick Augustus I
4382:Frederick Augustus I
4053:Frederick Augustus I
3867:Kingdom of Lithuania
3848:August III the Saxon
3823:John II Casimir Vasa
3528:Kingdom of Lithuania
3416:John II Casimir Vasa
3335:Jagiellonian dynasty
3297:Władysław I Łokietek
3097:Bolesław II the Bold
3070:Bolesław I the Brave
2773:at Wikimedia Commons
2771:August II the Strong
1886:Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1580:Maria Anna Katharina
1493:, later Countess of
1481:Siege of Buda (1686)
1465:, later Princess of
1388:mellitus and became
1308:In November 1705 in
1112:He granted composer
1103:Royal Castle, Warsaw
924:and the rise of the
869:in spring 1703, and
860:Generalfeldmarschall
631:Marcello Bacciarelli
492:, which allowed the
277:; died
190:Electorate of Saxony
4523:Prince Johann Georg
4414:Frederick Christian
4063:Frederick Christian
3798:Henry III of Valois
3757:Sigismund I the Old
3636:House of Gediminids
3368:Sigismund I the Old
3312:Capet-Anjou dynasty
3202:Leszek II the Black
3192:Bolesław the Horned
3152:Casimir II the Just
3147:Mieszko III the Old
2605:KomponistenQuartier
2471:Czok, Karl (2006),
2355:; enumerated after
1778:, Elector of Saxony
1749:, Elector of Saxony
1646:by the grace of God
1507:Angélique Debargues
1415:Augustus the Strong
1153:Frederick William I
1114:Johann Adolph Hasse
903:Battle of Fraustadt
797:Treaty of Karlowitz
667:Peace of Westphalia
110:15 September 1697 –
18:August II of Poland
4283:John Frederick III
3947:Electors of Saxony
3813:Sigismund III Vasa
3738:House of Jagiellon
3612:House of Mindaugas
3569:House of Mindaugas
3537:House of Mindaugas
3406:Sigismund III Vasa
3257:Dukes of Pomerania
3187:Henry II the Pious
3102:Władysław I Herman
3080:Mieszko II Lambert
2930:Monarchs of Poland
2816:Title last held by
2586:Jacek Staszewski,
2361:Frederick August I
2357:Sigismund Augustus
2281:Louis de Silvestre
2220:of Hesse-Darmstadt
2155:Brunswick-Lüneburg
1574:Frederick Augustus
1442:, where she died.
1430:Illegitimate issue
1363:Dauphine of France
1334:
1265:
1097:with the adjacent
1036:
997:
945:
840:
837:Louis de Silvestre
818:Great Northern War
793:Kamieniec Podolski
784:Battle of Podhajce
782:expedition in the
712:
640:followed orthodox
634:
582:from his mistress
490:Great Northern War
52:Louis de Silvestre
4754:Meissen porcelain
4641:
4640:
4528:Prince Maximilian
4273:John Frederick II
4124:Elector of Saxony
4110:Princes of Saxony
4076:
4075:
3913:
3912:
3895:
3894:
3861:
3860:
3833:John III Sobieski
3818:Ladislaus IV Vasa
3776:Polish–Lithuanian
3770:
3769:
3709:
3697:
3685:
3668:
3593:House of Monomakh
3554:
3553:
3468:
3467:
3426:John III Sobieski
3411:Władysław IV Vasa
3383:Elective monarchy
3267:Přemyslid dynasty
3182:Henry the Bearded
2897:
2896:
2888:Succeeded by
2881:Elector of Saxony
2838:Succeeded by
2769:Media related to
2536:978-83-7469-583-1
2345:August der Starke
2293:History of Saxony
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2114:of Denmark–Norway
2018:of Denmark–Norway
1914:Magdalene Sibylle
1811:Magdalene Sibylle
1402:Dresden Cathedral
1343:Kingdom of France
1314:order of chivalry
1292:Meissen porcelain
1244:Meissen porcelain
1238:Meissen porcelain
1202:Moritzburg Castle
1125:balli in maschera
1083:Moritzburg Castle
1077:. Also known are
1029:Equestrian statue
994:Dresden Cathedral
961:absolute monarchy
918:Battle of Poltava
867:Battle of Pułtusk
852:Battle of Kliszów
820:was to have been
810:Peter I of Russia
751:Stanisław Dąmbski
716:John III Sobieski
683:the Elector's son
654:Peace of Augsburg
638:Holy Roman Empire
600:Roman Catholicism
588:elector of Saxony
567:as Augustus III.
561:Elector of Saxony
547:Augustus married
518:Dresden Cathedral
483:Holy Roman Empire
458:Roman Catholicism
416:Elector of Saxony
409:
408:
382:Roman Catholicism
234:, Dresden (heart)
232:Dresden Cathedral
194:Holy Roman Empire
122:15 September 1697
60:Elector of Saxony
16:(Redirected from
4791:
4759:Albertine branch
4704:German Lutherans
4636:
4601:Prince Alexander
4237:John Frederick I
4103:
4096:
4089:
4080:
4008:John Frederick I
3940:
3933:
3926:
3917:
3872:
3785:
3747:Casimir Jagellon
3703:
3691:
3679:
3662:
3565:
3533:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3472:
3242:Dukes of Kuyavia
3237:Dukes of Masovia
3222:Dukes of Silesia
3207:Henryk IV Probus
3167:Władysław Odonic
3157:Leszek the White
2923:
2916:
2909:
2900:
2871:Preceded by
2848:Preceded by
2802:
2795:
2777:
2768:
2753:
2751:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2660:
2654:
2647:
2641:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2611:on 25 March 2019
2607:. Archived from
2597:
2591:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2523:Jasienica, Paweł
2519:
2513:
2512:
2504:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2468:
2457:
2455:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2390:
2383:
2364:
2330:
2303:Rulers of Saxony
2276:Rosalba Carriera
1840:Johann Georg III
1728:
1719:
1652:, Grand Duke of
1501:Henriette Rénard
1475:, later married
1252:The Late Gothic
1226:
1212:
1198:
1188:Zwinger, Dresden
1184:
1170:
1059:absolute monarch
913:(October 1706).
757:swearing to the
681:. However, when
679:Saxe-Weissenfels
428:Albertine branch
405:
299:
282:
280:
276:
272:
206:
182:
180:
154:9 October 1709 –
71:
44:
32:
21:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4724:Imperial vicars
4719:Kings of Poland
4709:German monarchs
4689:House of Wettin
4644:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4635:
4627:
4621:
4610:19th generation
4605:
4589:18th generation
4584:
4568:17th generation
4563:
4542:16th generation
4537:
4511:15th generation
4506:
4490:14th generation
4485:
4469:13th generation
4464:
4443:12th generation
4438:
4407:11th generation
4402:
4391:10th generation
4386:
4365:
4361:John George III
4349:
4318:
4292:
4261:
4215:
4169:
4148:
4127:
4112:
4107:
4077:
4072:
4043:John George III
3949:
3944:
3914:
3909:
3891:
3857:
3808:Stephen Báthory
3778:
3766:
3732:
3630:
3606:
3587:
3550:
3522:
3521:
3502:
3499:
3469:
3464:
3450:
3401:Stephen Báthory
3391:Henry of Valois
3377:
3329:
3306:
3282:
3261:
3123:
3116:
3051:
3023:
2932:
2927:
2893:
2884:
2876:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2843:
2834:
2829:
2817:
2801:1 February 1733
2796:
2790:
2789:
2786:House of Wettin
2782:
2761:
2756:
2749:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2648:
2644:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2470:
2469:
2460:
2445:
2444:
2433:
2418:, ed. (1911). "
2414:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2384:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2337:August II Mocny
2331:
2327:
2322:
2289:
2272:
2267:
2221:
2186:
2157:
2115:
2086:
2051:
2019:
1952:
1917:
1888:
1846:
1814:
1779:
1776:Johann Georg II
1750:
1716:
1628:
1615:
1589:
1570:
1557:
1548:Hermann Maurice
1544:
1432:
1410:
1394:Wawel Cathedral
1361:, later became
1339:Maurice de Saxe
1326:
1306:
1300:
1246:
1240:
1233:
1227:
1218:
1216:Pillnitz Castle
1213:
1204:
1199:
1190:
1185:
1176:
1171:
1162:
1079:Pillnitz Castle
1022:
1017:
934:
899:Grodno campaign
822:Swedish Livonia
722:as King of the
696:
675:Johann Adolf II
629:Augustus II by
596:
530:
510:Wawel Cathedral
432:House of Wettin
393:
338:
314:Maurice de Saxe
293:
292:
284:
268:
264:
261:
248:
247:
238:Wawel Cathedral
208:
204:
203:1 February 1733
184:
178:
176:
156:1 February 1733
155:
125:Wawel Cathedral
123:
112:13 October 1706
111:
99:
69:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4797:
4795:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4646:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4596:Prince Rüdiger
4592:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4377:John George IV
4373:
4371:
4370:9th generation
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4354:8th generation
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4330:John George II
4326:
4324:
4323:7th generation
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4297:6th generation
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4278:Johann Wilhelm
4275:
4269:
4267:
4266:5th generation
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4220:4th generation
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4174:3rd generation
4171:
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4162:
4156:
4154:
4153:2nd generation
4150:
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4135:
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4132:1st generation
4129:
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4117:
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4048:John George IV
4045:
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3279:Wenceslaus III
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3049:
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3029:Proto-historic
3025:
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3022:
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3016:
3011:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
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2874:John George IV
2872:
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2858:King of Poland
2854:
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2827:King of Poland
2823:
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2807:Regnal titles
2804:
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2783:
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2760:
2759:External links
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2085:of Brandenburg
2083:Anne Catherine
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2049:Denmark–Norway
2041:
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2034:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2012:
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1424:Michael Bohnen
1409:
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1332:Royal Monogram
1325:
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1302:Main article:
1299:
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1242:Main article:
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1174:Dresden Castle
1172:
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1129:animal-tossing
1107:Wilanów Palace
1067:Dresden Castle
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
933:
930:
926:Russian Empire
922:Swedish Empire
768:Ottoman Empire
760:pacta conventa
695:
692:
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565:King of Poland
542:John George IV
529:
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479:Imperial vicar
420:King of Poland
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4181:Frederick III
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3358:John I Albert
3356:
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3298:
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3289:Piast dynasty
3285:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Wenceslaus II
3272:
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3122:Fragmentation
3119:
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3057:Piast dynasty
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2748:3-933028-92-2
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2723:3-938325-06-2
2719:
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2674:3-364-00012-3
2670:
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2640:
2639:0-486-40961-9
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2596:
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2575:
2573:83-11-07813-0
2569:
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2564:Podhajce 1698
2558:
2555:
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2550:Chisholm 1911
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2528:
2524:
2518:
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2500:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2484:
2482:3-492-24636-2
2478:
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2450:(in German),
2449:
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2240:
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2228:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2218:Anne Eleonore
2213:
2212:
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2208:
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2198:
2193:
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2184:
2183:Sophie Amalie
2178:
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2173:
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2167:
2162:
2161:
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2145:
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2128:
2127:
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2121:
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2107:
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2097:
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2057:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1930:
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1924:
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1915:
1909:
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1899:
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1887:
1883:
1877:
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1873:
1872:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1842:, Elector of
1841:
1835:
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1831:
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1825:
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1819:
1818:
1812:
1806:
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1792:
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1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
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1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1644:Augustus II,
1641:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1619:Anna Karolina
1617:
1616:
1612:
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1254:Albrechtsburg
1250:
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1231:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1206:
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1197:
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1118:Kapellmeister
1115:
1110:
1108:
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1096:
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976:
972:
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962:
958:
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950:
947:The weakened
942:
938:
931:
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927:
923:
919:
914:
912:
908:
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900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
874:
872:
868:
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861:
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668:
663:
661:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
632:
627:
623:
621:
617:
616:Protestantism
613:
609:
605:
601:
593:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
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389:
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350:
347:
345:
341:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:Illegitimate:
309:
307:
304:
303:
301:
298:
297:
291:
287:
260:
255:
251:
243:
239:
236:
233:
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139:
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119:
115:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4628:
4381:
4304:Christian II
4139:Frederick II
4052:
4028:Christian II
3988:Frederick II
3968:Wenceslaus I
3905:
3886:Mindaugas II
3884:
3837:
3780:Commonwealth
3458:
3441:Augustus III
3430:
3218:
3129:
3084:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
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2879:
2856:
2825:
2818:
2812:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2738:
2732:
2713:
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2691:
2682:
2664:
2658:
2650:
2645:
2630:
2625:
2613:. Retrieved
2609:the original
2604:
2595:
2587:
2582:
2563:
2557:
2545:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2502:
2491:
2472:
2451:
2447:
2423:
2420:Augustus II.
2386:
2360:
2328:
2270:Portraits by
2045:Frederik III
2016:Christian IV
1977:
1643:
1626:Royal titles
1561:Johann Georg
1529:
1476:
1473:Maria Aurora
1444:
1433:
1420:Paul Wegener
1418:directed by
1413:
1411:
1383:
1335:
1307:
1284:
1266:
1230:Hubertusburg
1146:
1124:
1122:
1111:
1099:Saxon Garden
1091:Saxon Palace
1087:Hubertusburg
1071:
1052:
1037:
998:
983:
978:
964:
953:protectorate
946:
915:
875:
841:
765:
758:
720:won election
713:
688:
664:
657:
635:
597:
569:
546:
531:
507:
487:
451:
436:
411:
410:
390:(until 1697)
294:
205:(1733-02-01)
29:
4659:1733 deaths
4654:1670 births
4288:Christian I
4252:John Ernest
4120:Frederick I
4023:Christian I
3983:Frederick I
3791:(1569–1795)
3740:(1440–1569)
3723:Švitrigaila
3638:(1285–1440)
3614:(1269–1285)
3595:(1267–1269)
3571:(1263–1267)
3539:(1236–1263)
3436:Stanisław I
3212:Przemysł II
2851:Stanisław I
2841:Stanisław I
2794:12 May 1670
2697:27 November
2615:28 November
2353:Augustas II
2222:(1601–1659)
2187:(1628–1685)
2158:(1582–1641)
2116:(1647–1717)
2112:Anna Sophie
2087:(1575–1612)
2052:(1609–1670)
2020:(1577–1648)
1953:(1579–1649)
1918:(1612–1687)
1889:(1581–1655)
1847:(1647–1691)
1815:(1586–1659)
1780:(1613–1680)
1751:(1585–1656)
1524:Osterhausen
1477:von Spiegel
1375:Louis XVIII
1318:Großsedlitz
1044:Green Vault
1007:during the
975:Silent Sejm
778:defeated a
776:Polish army
772:Holy League
642:Lutheranism
608:Reformation
574:during the
443:fox tossing
384:(from 1697)
183:12 May 1670
164:Stanisław I
145:Stanisław I
131:Predecessor
118:Coronation
76:Predecessor
35:Augustus II
4648:Categories
4165:Albert III
3978:Albert III
3973:Rudolf III
3645:Butigeidis
3583:Vaišvilkas
3353:Casimir IV
2996:Leszko III
2885:1694–1733
2866:1709–1733
2835:1697–1706
2371:References
2349:Lithuanian
2153:, Duke of
1951:of Prussia
1813:of Prussia
1648:, King of
1505:1708 with
1256:castle in
1055:Versailles
979:Sejm Niemy
677:, Duke of
665:Since the
528:Early life
439:horseshoes
179:1670-05-12
4631:królewicz
4455:Anthony I
4247:Severinus
3963:Rudolf II
3752:Alexander
3713:Skirgaila
3660:Gediminas
3626:Daumantas
3621:Traidenis
3546:Mindaugas
3363:Alexander
3287:Restored
3219:See also:
3065:Mieszko I
3047:Siemomysł
3014:Chościsko
3009:Popiel II
2989:Leszko II
2961:Krakus II
2938:Legendary
2688:"History"
2014:12. King
1882:Christian
1702:Chernihiv
1690:Podlachia
1670:Samogitia
1654:Lithuania
1379:Charles X
1371:Louis XVI
1345:. In the
1294:factory.
1273:alchemist
1269:porcelain
1120:in 1731.
570:While in
398:Signature
161:Successor
141:Successor
86:Successor
4257:Augustus
4206:Henry IV
4126:in 1423.
4018:Augustus
3958:Rudolf I
3718:Vytautas
3701:Kęstutis
3677:Algirdas
3672:Jaunutis
3650:Butvydas
3578:Treniota
3177:Konrad I
3107:Zbigniew
3037:Siemowit
3003:Popiel I
2982:Leszko I
2954:Krakus I
2820:John III
2525:(2007).
2287:See also
2043:6. King
1714:Ancestry
1694:Smolensk
1682:Volhynia
1658:Ruthenia
1536:bastards
1436:Pretzsch
1386:diabetes
1351:Louis XV
1149:Zeithain
1141:wildcats
966:szlachta
897:and the
580:smallpox
576:carnival
553:Bayreuth
388:Lutheran
375:Religion
135:John III
4242:Maurice
4013:Maurice
3906:italics
3904:are in
3789:Elected
3689:Jogaila
3655:Vytenis
3459:Italics
3325:Jadwiga
3075:Bezprym
2968:Lech II
2413::
1698:Severia
1686:Podolia
1674:Livonia
1666:Masovia
1662:Prussia
1594:Friesen
1514:Dönhoff
1467:Teschen
1438:on the
1310:Tykocin
1288:Meissen
1258:Meissen
1160:Gallery
1139:and 21
1137:badgers
1075:Zwinger
1063:baroque
1040:Dresden
1033:Dresden
943:in 1701
865:at the
789:Podolia
744:Primate
732:Austria
710:in 1697
650:Prussia
646:Hanover
481:of the
474:Dresden
430:of the
283:
267:
263:
186:Dresden
4502:George
4497:Albert
4314:August
4201:George
4160:Ernest
3993:Ernest
3878:(1918)
3706:family
3694:family
3682:family
3665:family
3602:Shvarn
3124:period
3042:Lestek
2947:Lech I
2813:Vacant
2797:
2745:
2720:
2671:
2637:
2570:
2533:
2479:
2407:
2341:German
2333:Polish
1844:Saxony
1708:, etc.
1706:Saxony
1650:Poland
1398:Kraków
1232:Castle
1095:Warsaw
1015:Legacy
969:, see
907:Saxony
856:Kraków
848:Warsaw
801:Saxony
728:Russia
708:Warsaw
620:Europe
602:. The
572:Venice
514:Kraków
470:Saxony
365:Mother
355:Father
349:Wettin
296:Detail
273:
253:Spouse
244:(body)
242:Kraków
224:Burial
214:Poland
210:Warsaw
4629:also
2975:Wanda
2799:Died:
2792:Born:
2320:Notes
2151:Georg
1949:Marie
1633:Latin
1606:Cosel
1495:Cosel
1390:obese
1367:Louis
1324:Other
1135:, 34
1133:hares
891:Narva
826:Narva
780:Tatar
706:near
604:Saxon
344:House
290:Issue
281:)
269:(
265:
151:Reign
107:Reign
66:Reign
50:, by
4481:John
4196:John
4003:John
2743:ISBN
2718:ISBN
2699:2019
2669:ISBN
2635:ISBN
2617:2019
2568:ISBN
2531:ISBN
2477:ISBN
2216:15.
2149:14.
2081:13.
1947:11.
1880:10.
1700:and
1678:Kiev
1638:etc.
1440:Elbe
1408:Film
1377:and
1085:and
881:and
844:Riga
808:and
791:and
730:and
704:Wola
648:and
563:and
536:and
422:and
279:1727
275:1693
200:Died
173:Born
4122:as
2422:".
2181:7.
2110:3.
2047:of
1976:1.
1912:5.
1838:2.
1809:9.
1774:4.
1745:8.
1631:In
1396:in
1381:).
1093:in
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889:in
795:in
610:".
551:in
512:in
4650::
2690:.
2603:.
2461:^
2434:^
2394:^
2378:^
2351::
2347:;
2343::
2339:;
2335::
1696:,
1692:,
1688:,
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1676:,
1672:,
1668:,
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1656:,
1635::
1426:.
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1109:.
1050:.
1011:.
928:.
873:.
505:.
485:.
449:.
434:.
271:m.
240:,
216:,
212:,
192:,
188:,
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3704:(
3696:)
3692:(
3684:)
3680:(
3667:)
3663:(
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2752:.
2727:.
2701:.
2619:.
2576:.
2552:.
2539:.
2486:.
2456:.
2452:7
2363:.
977:(
181:)
177:(
20:)
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