500:; the founding and development of Blaj's schools; the history of Transylvanian monasteries; the evolution of printing among the province's Romanians; and the political, economic and social situation of the peasantry. He pinpoints two important processes that took place in the history of Transylvanian Romanians during the period analyzed: their confessional disunity and the founding of the Blaj schools. While he opined that the first was in the interests of their neighboring political adversaries, he saw the second as elevating Micu-Klein above all other Romanians of the period. The book is based mainly on unpublished documents gathered from institutional archives in Blaj, Sibiu, Făgăraș, Vienna, Budapest and Rome, as well as from a few private individuals in Transylvania and the
558:, attempted to demonstrate the existence of a Romanian Orthodox metropolis in medieval Transylvania. Bunea, analyzing the church's institutional organization, reiterated that there was no documentary evidence of such an organization. The book displays a biting critique of Păcățian's way of writing history. It also elucidates his theory and approach to the practice: his knowledge of Latin, Hungarian and German allowed Bunea to use valuable historical information in order to complete what he found in Romanian sources, and to broaden his horizon when understanding the historical facts of the region. This made him an authority in debates on ecclesiastical history the western part of the Romanian-speaking lands. The second book, also a polemic, was the 1906
475:, delved into the problems of the 18th century's first half, reconstructing the facts based on numerous sources collected from Transylvanian and foreign archives. It appears that Bunea began preparation as early as 1894, when he received several copies of documents from the Vienna imperial court's archive. The book demonstrates thorough research on the social, political and cultural history of the Romanians in that era. Later exegeses by Pâclișanu,
31:
251:. At Blaj, he taught religion and dogmatic theology within both the gymnasium and the seminar, briefly serving as prefect of studies. From 1900 to 1903, he was archdiocesan commissioner for the examinations given by certain church schools in Blaj. He was a founding member of the Greek-Catholic teachers' association, and served as inspector for the archdiocese's village schools.
653:, the manuscript was analyzed by Onciul at the Academy's request. He found that the contents mainly dealt with church history and, tangentially, with political history and ethnography. Although it remained unfinished, Onciul recommended publication, both in order to make Bunea's findings known and as an homage. He also began a vast work about the Romanian regiments in the
615:; presents historical information about the region and its Romanian inhabitants over the course of the 13th century and into the first half of the 14th; details offensives launched by the Kingdom of Hungary to the east and south of the Carpathian Mountains during the same period; enumerates nine Romanian lords who possessed Țara Oltului, from
594:
and the consolidation of the
Romanian element through longstanding ties with the latter region. The theme also had an emotional resonance: as Bianu inferred, it represented "the country of his parents and his birth". The work comprises a succinct political history of the area from the 9th through the
329:
all appreciated Bunea's merits as a historian, and he was distinguished by cultural organizations both in the Empire and in the Old
Kingdom. Following his 1900 advancement within Astra, in March 1901, the Romanian Academy received him with the status of corresponding member. Several months later, he
495:
is similarly ample in depth. The preface speaks of the author's purpose: to advance the community's national development and to present his own concept of history. It deals with the figure of Aron; the question of
Romanian religious movements, which is allocated considerable space; the organization
353:
Bunea died at Blaj in late 1909. His fellow priests at the theological seminary dedicated an album to him; this featured private messages and newspaper articles from the cities and villages of
Transylvania, from Romania, from Vienna, Budapest and other European cities. The album dedicated a lengthy
460:. He then described the union itself and the life and activity of the early bishops in each diocese, ending with the present day. Bunea's sources were either published Latin and Romanian books or documents he researched in the metropolitan archive at Blaj. It is possible that the work inspired
350:. In his will, drafted in early 1906, Bunea provided for the possibility that his money might be used to set up a foundation for Greek-Catholic youth. The foundation would be administered by the Blaj consistory and would be used to send promising graduates to further their studies abroad.
314:
project, signing around fifty articles that covered some sixty pages. These mainly dealt with important figures in the church's past, but also touched on internal administration, the history of Blaj and
Romanian monasteries in Transylvania. The author later drew on the articles for other
638:. However, at times, he expresses disagreement with other historians' opinions, advancing his own historiographic solutions in the same context. He insistently draws upon the document collections of Hurmuzachi; and among Hungarian historians, he prefers Karácsonyi,
305:
627:; noted the role of the Romanian Mailat family, and the political implications of controlling the region; briefly listed its property owners from the 17th century, drawing on fiscal records; and ended with 1713, when the Făgăraș domain passed to the state.
232:. In the magazine, Bunea published 97 folk poems he had gathered around his native village, accompanied by commentaries that showed familiarity with the relevant literature. In autumn 1877, he began studying philosophy and theology on scholarship at Rome's
399:. This included biographical data, identified the roots of his activity as a historian and defined his areas of interest, main historiographic achievements and concept of history. Teodor also made judgments about the documentation used by Bunea. The 1978
456:. The first, written on the 200th anniversary of the union with Rome, began with an overview of relations between Romanians and the Holy See from the 2nd to the 15th centuries, going on to discuss Transylvania's Romanian church under the
248:
657:. Although he did not live to complete it, he did gather rich material on the subject. His archive includes numerous documents, both copies and originals, in Latin, Hungarian and German, about the border regiments.
519:
Subsequently, Bunea became more interested in the history of the
Orthodox Church in Transylvania, its origins, organizational and institutional evolution. A first work in this direction, published in 1902, was
436:
Bunea's early interest as a historian lay mainly with the history of the
Romanian Greek-Catholic Church. His first book, a short volume from 1890, deals with the church's present condition. First appearing in
441:, and then as a 40-page brochure, it includes biographical information about incumbent metropolitan Vancea, as well as cataloguing his cultural, administrative and philanthropic activity. Bunea's 1893 work
602:
in
Pannonia and especially Transylvania; fixes the geographic limits of Țara Oltului; specifies its Romanian character, drawing on toponymy and the first Hungarian documents; credits the tradition that
259:
Over the course of his career, Bunea contributed to several
Romanian-language publications, particularly in his native province. His articles dealt with literature, politics and history, appearing in
415:
to Bunea's political activity. A 1994 article deals with his contributions to
Romanian cultural history in Transylvania as encapsulated in some of his works and in several articles from
646:. An abundantly documented work, its bibliography features over 80 titles in Romanian, Hungarian, German and Latin; there are 225 footnotes, some shorter, others lengthy.
239:
After returning to Blaj, the spiritual center of his church, Bunea was assigned to a number of posts within the hierarchy, from metropolitan's adviser and secretary under
857:
445:
also deals with a contemporary issue. The author argued in defense of the church's autonomy, which was being threatened by the policies of the Hungarian government.
30:
118:
847:
599:
342:
Beginning in 1890, Bunea participated in the political movement of Transylvania's Romanians. A distinguished orator, he was among those who defended the
892:
887:
630:
Bunea deliberately focuses on the intervals of Romanian domination. He speaks appreciatively of the historiographic achievements of Iorga, Onciul and
570:
and reached contrasting conclusions about Branković's place in church history. As with Păcățian, Bunea questioned Mangra's competence as a historian.
897:
842:
308:
in 1886. In September 1900, he was elected a corresponding member of its historical section. He was among the collaborators on the organization's
837:
590:. He chose to analyze the historic importance of Țara Oltului (another name for Țara Făgărașului) because of its role in the origins of the
882:
852:
366:
and in three other sources, from 1899, 1900 and 1908. An article commemorating 30 years since his death appeared in the Cluj-based
877:
391:; this dealt with the youthful Bunea's collecting of popular poetry in Țara Făgărașului. In 1970, a methodical study appeared in
654:
578:
Bunea's final studies, which have to do with medieval Romanian history, were left incomplete at the time of his death. At the
176:
540:. His next two books dealt with similar issues, and were written in response to polemics by contemporary Orthodox writers.
872:
867:
595:
18th centuries, describing its status and leaders, specifying the political implications of leadership for each of them.
331:
197:
862:
233:
122:
310:
807:
634:; the text follows the direction set by the leading members of the Romanian critical school, Iorga, Onciul and
616:
497:
343:
244:
635:
591:
461:
453:
347:
472:
457:
140:
265:
631:
504:. Some 250 documents were reproduced in the footnotes and appendices. He also used texts published by
420:
832:
827:
624:
547:
501:
392:
279:
225:
563:
509:
476:
297:
newspaper in Blaj. In 1903, he published a selection of the texts he had submitted to this organ as
639:
404:
376:
643:
480:
533:
408:
293:
623:; summarized their political relations with the suzerain power; listed the leaders from Vlad to
612:
381:
620:
579:
468:
55:
537:
505:
362:
During Bunea's lifetime, biographical data about him appeared in the 1898 first volume of
326:
205:
169:
81:
529:
483:
used it as a basis for further research into contemporary Romanian life in Transylvania.
562:. In his previous work, Bunea had already presented data about the life and activity of
330:
was made a member of Astra's central committee. In 1903, he became a paid member of the
552:
Istoriografi vechi, istoriografi noi. Studiu critic în chestia vechei mitropolii române
821:
567:
318:
236:. Ordained a priest in 1881, he obtained a doctorate in theology the following year.
201:
608:
288:
380:
and in the Blaj high school yearbook. Subsequently, under the early years of the
512:. During the interwar period, the topics broached by Bunea were taken up by the
240:
604:
322:
247:. He was involved in organizing confessional education at Blaj and across the
193:
51:
566:. The new text featured a detailed analysis of a book with the same title by
522:
Vechile episcopii românesci a Vadului, Geoagiului, Silvașului și Bĕlgradului
172:
132:
92:
354:
section to the numerous articles in the Romanian press covering the event.
221:
213:
334:. In May 1909, he advanced to titular membership of the Romanian Academy.
209:
136:
524:. The following year, he amplified and corrected certain conclusions in
443:
Cestiuni din dreptul și istoria Bisericii Românești Unite. Partea a II-a
384:
which banned the church, Romanian historiography fell silent about him.
59:
423:, brought to light previously unpublished material from his letters.
208:. He attended primary school from 1864 to 1870, there and in nearby
607:
of Făgăraș was responsible for the foundation, which took place at
464:, whose later history of the church features a similar structure.
452:, a brief history of the church; and an important monograph about
274:
586:, which he had prepared as his maiden speech to the Academy; and
513:
370:
in 1939. In 1940 and 1941, texts about him appeared in the book
217:
77:
216:
until the spring of 1877, when he was briefly transferred to
598:
Beginning with the year 895, the author highlights the
493:
Istoria românilor transilvăneni de la 1751 până la 1764
110:"Ștefan Manciulea" Technological High School from Blaj
419:. During the 1990s, three articles, including one by
403:
devoted a short entry to him. In 1991, following the
146:
128:
114:
106:
98:
88:
66:
37:
21:
812:Annales Universitatis Apulensis. Series Historica
582:'s request, they were published posthumously as
346:signatories. For many years, he belonged to the
168:(August 4, 1857–November 30, 1909) was an
467:His study of Micu-Klein, which also touched on
119:Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide
16:Romanian theologian and historian (1857–1909)
8:
588:Încercare de istoria Românilor până la 1382
299:Discursuri. Autonomia bisericească. Diverse
29:
18:
228:edited a magazine by hand; it was called
544:Ierarhia românilor din Ardeal și Ungaria
243:to scholastic and custodial canon under
858:Titular members of the Romanian Academy
808:"Augustin Bunea, istoric: preliminarii"
665:
450:Istoria scurtă a Bisericii Române Unite
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387:In 1967, a detailed study appeared in
528:, where he frequently cited Cipariu,
401:Enciclopedia istoriografiei românești
7:
448:In 1900, Bunea published two books:
397:Evoluția gândirii esoteric românești
848:Pontifical Urban University alumni
249:Făgăraș and Alba Iulia Archdiocese
14:
554:. The latter work, a response to
893:20th-century Romanian historians
888:19th-century Romanian historians
439:Foaia bisericească și scolastică
389:Revista de etnografie și folclor
291:). In 1890, he helped establish
261:Foaia bisericească și scolastică
175:historian and priest within the
898:Romanian historians of religion
843:Romanian Greek-Catholic priests
655:Transylvanian Military Frontier
487:Church historian and polemicist
283:(Brașov) and in the periodical
526:Istoria autonomiei bisericești
177:Romanian Greek-Catholic Church
1:
814:, nr. 7/2003, pp. 329–36
230:Conversațiuni. Jurnal literar
560:Mitropolitul Sava Brancovici
332:Hungarian Historical Society
212:. He went to a gymnasium in
556:Vechile episcopii românesci
546:(1904) is Bunea's reply to
234:Pontifical Urban University
123:Pontifical Urban University
914:
883:Historians of Christianity
853:Romanian Austro-Hungarians
255:Journalism and recognition
838:People from Brașov County
496:of his church and of the
315:historiographical works.
304:Bunea became a member of
28:
651:Încercare de istoria....
498:Romanian Orthodox Church
411:dedicated an article in
344:Transylvanian Memorandum
188:Origins and role in Blaj
878:Romanian schoolteachers
592:foundation of Wallachia
348:Romanian National Party
600:arrival of the Magyars
584:Stăpânii Țării Oltului
153:Arsenie Bunea (father)
364:Enciclopedia României
245:Victor Mihaly de Apșa
156:Veronica Urs (mother)
141:Greek Catholic Church
873:Romanian journalists
868:Romanian folklorists
502:Romanian Old Kingdom
454:Inocențiu Micu-Klein
280:Gazeta Transilvaniei
516:historical school.
473:Dionisije Novaković
405:Romanian Revolution
377:Convorbiri Literare
311:Enciclopedia română
224:, he and classmate
204:, then part of the
196:, a village in the
863:Romanian activists
574:Late contributions
534:Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi
338:Politics and death
192:Bunea was born in
625:Sigismund Báthory
462:Zenovie Pâclișanu
458:Calvinist princes
372:Dascălii Blajului
163:
162:
70:November 30, 1909
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791:Niță, pp. 333-34
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766:Niță, pp. 332-33
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686:Niță, pp. 330-31
684:
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632:János Karácsonyi
580:Romanian Academy
469:Petru Pavel Aron
421:Gabriel Ștrempel
382:communist regime
198:Țara Făgărașului
170:Austro-Hungarian
73:
47:
45:
33:
19:
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613:Curtea de Argeș
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548:Teodor Păcățian
538:Nikolaus Nilles
506:Timotei Cipariu
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393:Pompiliu Teodor
360:
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327:Dimitrie Onciul
257:
226:Andrei Bârseanu
206:Austrian Empire
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173:ethnic Romanian
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115:Alma mater
102:Austria-Hungary
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82:Austria-Hungary
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564:Sava Branković
510:Sterie Stinghe
488:
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477:I. Tóth Zoltán
433:
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48:August 4, 1857
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23:Augustin Bunea
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568:Vasile Mangra
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56:Brașov County
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782:Niță, p. 333
762:
757:Niță, p. 332
739:
734:Niță, p. 335
720:Niță, p. 334
702:Niță, p. 331
682:
677:Niță, p. 330
650:
648:
644:Gyula Pauler
629:
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530:George Bariț
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508:, Iorga and
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481:David Prodan
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271:Transilvania
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202:Transylvania
191:
165:
164:
72:(1909-11-30)
833:1909 deaths
828:1857 births
636:Ioan Bogdan
617:Vladislav I
409:Liviu Maior
241:Ioan Vancea
220:. While in
99:Citizenship
89:Nationality
822:Categories
798:References
605:Radu Negru
323:Ioan Bianu
200:region of
44:1857-08-04
609:Câmpulung
491:The 1902
289:Timișoara
285:Dreptatea
183:Biography
133:Historian
107:Education
93:Romanians
621:Vlad III
263:(Blaj),
137:Theology
413:Tribuna
368:Tribuna
266:Tribuna
147:Parents
60:Romania
52:Șercaia
649:As to
417:Unirea
358:Legacy
294:Unirea
222:Brașov
214:Brașov
810:, in
661:Notes
374:, in
306:Astra
275:Sibiu
210:Ohaba
642:and
611:and
536:and
514:Cluj
479:and
471:and
427:Work
325:and
269:and
218:Blaj
78:Blaj
67:Died
38:Born
619:to
550:'s
395:'s
277:),
194:Vad
824::
771:^
748:^
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691:^
668:^
532:,
407:,
321:,
301:.
179:.
139:,
135:,
80:,
58:,
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287:(
273:(
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42:(
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