489:
1797:
1690:
440:, a fair employment practices act, low-cost housing and disability insurance legislation, and workers' compensation provisions for domestic workers." Along with education, fair practices in employment and housing became Hawkins's major causes. He received little support at the time for these measures from the Democratic Party, however. Nevertheless, he was able to get some measures passed, including his fair-housing law, which prohibited discrimination by any builders that received federal funds. Hawkins was also a delegate to the National Conventions of
2140:
375:
44:
583:, Hawkins initially agreed with President Johnson. In 1964, both insisted that the war undermined the Great Society and that the United States could not "impose our way of life on other people." When it became clear that South Vietnam was not stable enough to survive without American backing, Hawkins increased his criticism of the war. After touring South Vietnam June 1970, Hawkins and fellow Democratic Representative
2152:
2164:
646:; and the 1978 Pregnancy Disability Act, which aimed to prevent discrimination against women on the basis of pregnancy and of which Hawkins said, "we have the opportunity to ensure that genuine equality in the American labor force is more than an illusion and that pregnancy will no longer be the basis of unfavorable treatment of working women." Hawkins is known best of all for the 1978
596:
500:
From 1963 to 1991, Hawkins represented
California's 21st District (1963–1975), and the 29th District (1975–1991), covering southern Los Angeles County, in Congress. Hawkins was consistently elected with over 80% of the vote in his Democratic-friendly district. He was the first black representative to
389:
who served in the
California Assembly for 16 years. Black representation was so limited that "the black strategy for gaining political power was to exercise influence within the Democratic Party through voting for, and lobbying, white politicians." Aside from Hawkins, "Los Angeles blacks had no other
694:
decisions made in the previous year that had shifted the burden of proof of discriminating hiring practices of minorities or women from the employer to the employee. It remains the only successful veto of a civil rights act in United States history. Hawkins retired in
January 1991. Bush would sign a
623:; Hawkins argued that there needed to be "clearer thinking and fewer exhibitionists in the civil rights movement." During this time, Hawkins succeeded in restoring honorable discharges to the 170 black soldiers of the 25th Infantry Regiment who had been falsely accused of a public disturbance in
550:
in the 1960s. Hawkins urged his colleagues in
Congress to increase antipoverty funds, but he did not condone the violence. Due to his light skin and heightened racial tensions, Hawkins had to be careful when he visited his district shortly after the riots. The riots stalled the Great Society,
742:
was built in 2000 in a highly urbanized area of southern Los
Angeles. The cost was $ 4.5 million and was financed largely by city, county, and state bond measures. The park encompasses 8.5 acres and features the Evan Frankel Discovery Center, which includes natural history and environmental
349:, Hawkins married Pegga Adeline Smith on August 28, 1945. Smith died in 1966, and Hawkins later married Elsie Taylor in 1977. After retiring from Congress, he stayed in the Washington area because his wife preferred it, living there until his death, which came two months after hers.
551:
particularly over the fair housing; blacks who benefited from Great
Society laws were blamed as being harmful to the "law and order" of America, particularly if they were allowed to live next to whites. Fair housing was still an unpopular issue in America: Democratic Senate nominee
2224:
587:
drafted a House
Resolution urging Congress to "condemn the cruel and inhumane treatment" of prisoners in South Vietnam. Anderson and Hawkins had visited South Vietnam with nine other congressmen, but they were the only two to visit a civilian South Vietnamese prison on
269:
432:
and the first
African American in the California State Assembly. Hawkins would serve as a Democratic member of the Assembly from 1935 until 1963; by the time of his departure, Hawkins was the Assembly's most senior member, as Roberts was before him.
261:
2204:
344:
made this impossible. This contributed towards his interest in politics, and his lifelong devotion to education. After graduating, Hawkins operated a real-estate company with his brother and studied government. While serving in the
681:
and George H. W. Bush. They were the most conservative presidents since the 1920s, and members of his own party were moving to the right and viewed
Hawkins's old-school New Dealer stance as outdated. His greatest setback was
1721:
592:, which they described as being akin to "tiger cages." The two Representatives also pressured President Nixon to send an independent task force to investigate the prison and "prevent further degradation and death."
2219:
480:, Hawkins easily won the primary and the general election. After the election, Hawkins remarked, "It's like shifting gears—from the oldest man in the Assembly in years of service to a freshman in Congress."
356:
of mixed-race ancestry, Hawkins was very light-skinned and reportedly resembled his
English grandfather. Throughout his life, he was often assumed to be of solely white ancestry, although he refused to
270:
1730:
405:, which was wildly popular in the United States at large and the African-American community in particular. Roosevelt would go on to be the first Democratic president to win the black vote, in
2209:
1714:
607:, and served as vice chairman during its first term (1971–1973). Hawkins did not play a significant role in the CBC, as he preferred to focus on legislation rather than use Congress as a
1554:
1796:
1689:
762:
1129:
Jacqueline Trescott, "The Long Haul of Rep. Gus Hawkins; At 83, the Steady Champion of Civil Rights Is Retiring From a Battle That Won't End," October 24, 1990, Washington Post: D1
2239:
1563:
1454:
1421:
1388:
1707:
1482:
1275:
671:
567:
in 1964. Open housing reform seemed next on the Great Society list after the Voting Rights Act was signed, but the Watts Riot put it on hold. It was not passed until after the
393:
Hawkins was part of a more general shift by African Americans away from the Republican and towards the Democratic Party. Unlike the majority of African Americans, he supported
1057:, "Americans Find Brutality in South Vietnamese Jail," July 7, 1970, New York Times: 3; George C. Wilson, "S. Viet Prison Found 'Shocking'," July 7, 1970, Washington Post: A1.
1303:
2244:
472:, but was made chairman of the powerful Rules Committee. Had Hawkins succeeded, he would have become the first African-American Speaker in California history, a feat that
715:, on November 10, 2007; aged 100, he was the oldest living person to have served in Congress at the time of his death, and the eighth member of Congress to have become a
2234:
639:
488:
2249:
1547:
1354:
130:
1194:
476:
would achieve in 1980. In 1962, Hawkins won a newly created majority-black congressional district encompassing central Los Angeles With an endorsement from
1426:
1393:
437:
112:
105:
2194:
2254:
643:
1926:
571:
560:
461:
457:
406:
398:
1540:
928:
525:
410:
2199:
1371:
879:
436:
Hawkins's district was primarily Latino American and African American. During his time in the Assembly, he introduced legislation including "a
635:
in order to make his agenda more likely to pass into law. In 1980, Hawkins criticized the CBC as "85 percent social and 15 percent business."
2229:
2079:
337:
244:
667:
647:
317:
871:
449:
445:
441:
333:
332:, the youngest of five children, to Nyanza Hawkins and Hattie Freeman. In 1918, the family moved to Los Angeles. Hawkins graduated from
2214:
691:
308:
from 1963 to 1991. Over the course of his career, Hawkins authored more than 300 state and federal laws, the most famous of which are
1292:
842:
Shirley Washington, Outstanding African Americans of Congress (Washington, DC: United States Capitol Historical Society, 1998): 39.
1776:
723:
584:
418:
297:
224:
1823:
750:
739:
453:
1766:
1699:
1218:
780:
William L. Clay, Just Permanent Interests: Black Americans in Congress, 1870–1991 (New York: Amistad Press, Inc, 1992): 94.
662:
must provide Congress with testimony on the state of the economy. However, by the time that the bill made it to President
305:
57:
2130:
1195:"Proposition O Call for Projects, City of Los Angeles – Proposition O Citizens Oversight Advisory Committee, p. 3, 2005"
1883:
1853:
1532:
1161:
919:"Mistaken Identities: And in America, Light-Skinned Blacks Are Acutely Aware That Race Still Matters to Many People"
904:
Washington, Outstanding African Americans of Congress, 39–40; "Hawkins, Augustus," Current Biography, 1983: 176–179.
658:. The bill gave the U.S. government the goal of providing full employment; it also ordered that the Chairman of the
1981:
1898:
1649:
604:
528:. Hawkins was a strong supporter of civil rights, and he toured the South in 1964 to advocate for African-American
1629:
1349:
1341:
1332:
1201:
536:
473:
421:
386:
379:
358:
346:
301:
154:
124:
1066:
Felix Belair, Jr., "House Panel Urges U.S. to Investigate 'Tiger Cage' Cells," July 14, 1970, New York Times: 1.
1009:
Gladwin Hill, "16 Men Battling in California for Eight New Seats in House," October 20, 1962, New York Times: 10
2094:
696:
568:
521:
313:
804:
638:
Aside from Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, laws that Hawkins was instrumental in passing include: the 1974
2084:
2044:
2034:
1946:
677:
Hawkins was frustrated from the relative lack of success that he achieved during the 1980s' presidencies of
612:
544:
1075:"Augustus F. Hawkins," Politics in America, 1989 (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1988): 181.
1996:
1956:
1878:
1771:
1138:
Edward Walsh, "Humphrey–Hawkins Measure Is Signed by the President," October 28, 1978, Washington Post: A9
574:
465:
666:'s desk, "the legislation was clearly symbolic." Hawkins later authored landmark legislation such as the
1781:
659:
394:
329:
196:
918:
707:
Hawkins retired from Congress in 1991, having never lost an election in his 58-year career. He died at
340:
in 1931. After graduation, he planned to study civil engineering, but the financial constraints of the
2189:
2184:
2144:
2039:
2029:
1936:
1921:
1903:
1893:
1858:
727:
2019:
1848:
1756:
1413:
1270:
867:
2001:
1941:
1863:
1751:
1579:
712:
624:
529:
213:
1093:
Augustus Hawkins, Oral History Interview: 20; "Hawkins, Augustus," Current Biography, 1983: 177.
320:. He was known as the "silent warrior" for his commitment to education and ending unemployment.
17:
2168:
2024:
1838:
1584:
1380:
1308:
1297:
1169:
923:
883:
708:
683:
509:
502:
353:
82:
1991:
1971:
1961:
1888:
1868:
1833:
1818:
1761:
1589:
1574:
429:
341:
248:
627:, in 1906, and removed from the Army. Unlike other CBC members, he sought cooperation from
2156:
2059:
2049:
1986:
1951:
1931:
1843:
1828:
1786:
1492:
1474:
1403:
1147:"President Signs Symbolic Humphrey–Hawkins Bill," October 28, 1978, Los Angeles Times: 17.
651:
628:
564:
552:
493:
477:
374:
43:
1966:
1873:
1813:
1664:
1624:
1609:
1599:
1464:
1054:
1018:"Negro, Congress-Bound, Loath to Leave State," November 8, 1962, Los Angeles Times: 16.
988:
L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present
973:
L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present
955:
L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present
830:
L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present
687:
589:
559:
in California over the issue, marking the only Republican pickup amid Lyndon Johnson's
469:
414:
2225:
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from California
2151:
1036:
Peter Bart, "Officials Divided in Placing Blame," August 15, 1965, New York Times: 81.
2178:
2099:
2089:
2064:
1976:
1594:
1524:
1436:
1027:
Drew Pearson, "Negro Congressman Tours South," August 5, 1964, Los Angeles Times: A6.
678:
632:
556:
513:
425:
95:
2069:
1669:
1614:
1446:
1318:
747:
is a federal grants program supporting diversification of the U.S. teaching force.
663:
608:
1000:"Still Seeks Assembly Post, Hawkins Says," November 14, 1958, Los Angeles Times: 6
1102:
Jacqueline Trescott, "Caucus Critiques," September 27, 1980, Washington Post: D1.
268:
2074:
1679:
1674:
1659:
1644:
1634:
1507:
1240:
744:
716:
642:, a law that provided certain protections to young criminal offenders; the 1978
620:
580:
540:
1323:
1314:
1746:
1604:
1173:
1111:
Congressional Record, House, 95th Cong., second sess. (July 18, 1978): 21435.
1654:
655:
616:
547:
517:
309:
1731:
Chairs of the United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce
599:
Portrait of Hawkins in the Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives
1084:
John Dreyfuss, "Waiting Pays Off," April 19, 1973, Los Angeles Times: A3.
402:
390:
political representative in city, county, state, or federal government."
990:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 107.
957:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 154.
595:
296:(August 31, 1907 – November 10, 2007) was an American politician of the
1639:
975:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 33.
832:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 15.
720:
516:. Early in his congressional career, he authored legislation including
2205:
African-American members of the United States House of Representatives
1283:
686:'s veto of the Civil Rights Act of 1990, sometimes called the Hawkins-
464:, which was the second-most powerful position in the state, after the
1287:
1564:
Chairs of the United States House Committee on House Administration
650:, which Hawkins sponsored in 1977 alongside the legendary Senator
594:
487:
373:
336:
in 1926, and received a bachelor's degree in economics from the
1703:
1536:
1226:
1120:
Washington, Outstanding African Americans of Congress: 42–43.
753:
in Los Angeles, which opened in 2012, is named in his honor.
1241:"Augustus F. Hawkins Center of Excellence (Hawkins) Program"
670:
and the 1988 School Improvement Act. He became chair of the
2121:
in 105th through 109th and 112th through 115th Congresses.
803:
Claudia Luther and Valerie J. Nelson (November 13, 2007).
276:
Hawkins introduces a comprehensive economic bill of rights
2220:
Democratic Party members of the California State Assembly
417:, a socialist. Although Sinclair lost, Hawkins defeated
1162:"A Park Offers Nature, Not Just Hoops (Published 2000)"
763:
List of African-American United States representatives
730:(1909–2008) as the oldest living former House member.
2128:
745:
The Augustus F. Hawkins Centers of Excellence Program
1276:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
543:
occurred in Hawkins's district. It was the first of
409:. In 1934, Hawkins supported the more controversial
2108:
2010:
1912:
1804:
1737:
240:
230:
220:
203:
179:
174:
160:
148:
121:
101:
89:
76:
54:
34:
2210:African-American state legislators in California
948:
946:
966:
964:
640:Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
1715:
1548:
1045:Augustus Hawkins, Oral History Interview: 18.
690:Civil Rights Act. It would have reversed six
8:
2240:University of California, Los Angeles alumni
508:Hawkins was a strong supporter of President
1160:Brown, Patricia Leigh (December 28, 2000).
1722:
1708:
1700:
1555:
1541:
1533:
1514:Oldest living United States representative
1328:
1155:
1153:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
144:January 7, 1935 – January 3, 1963
72:January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1991
42:
31:
2245:20th-century African-American politicians
1324:Join California Augustus F. "Gus" Hawkins
644:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
1427:California's 29th congressional district
1394:California's 21st congressional district
462:Speaker of the California State Assembly
456:presidential elector from California in
2135:
912:
910:
805:"A pioneer for black lawmakers in L.A."
773:
526:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
401:. Hawkins favored measures such as the
2235:Politicians from Shreveport, Louisiana
2115:Economic and Educational Opportunities
880:United States House of Representatives
411:1934 California gubernatorial election
385:Augustus Hawkins succeeded Republican
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
611:like other African Americans such as
603:Hawkins was a founding member of the
338:University of California, Los Angeles
245:University of California, Los Angeles
7:
648:Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act
318:Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act
2250:20th-century California politicians
672:House Education and Labor Committee
931:from the original on March 5, 2021
719:. Hawkins's death left the former
25:
2195:20th-century American legislators
2255:African-American men in politics
2162:
2150:
2138:
1795:
1688:
1271:"Augustus Hawkins (id: H000367)"
872:"Augustus Freeman (Gus) Hawkins"
460:. In 1958, Hawkins sought to be
266:
18:Augustus F. Hawkins Natural Park
917:May, Lee (September 28, 1989).
751:Augustus F. Hawkins High School
740:Augustus F. Hawkins Nature Park
27:American politician (1907–2007)
1455:House Administration Committee
699:, after Hawkins's retirement.
1:
2200:African-American centenarians
1422:U.S. House of Representatives
1389:U.S. House of Representatives
1372:U.S. House of Representatives
561:crushing presidential victory
397:'s campaign for president in
306:U.S. House Of Representatives
58:U.S. House of Representatives
2230:Politicians from Los Angeles
668:Job Training Partnership Act
501:be elected from west of the
2119:Education and the Workforce
876:Black Americans in Congress
563:over anti-Civil Rights Act
2271:
605:Congressional Black Caucus
304:from 1935 to 1963 and the
2215:American men centenarians
1793:
1686:
1570:
1521:
1512:
1504:
1499:
1489:
1483:House Education Committee
1479:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1443:
1433:
1418:
1410:
1400:
1385:
1377:
1370:
1362:
1346:
1342:Frederick Madison Roberts
1338:
1331:
695:less expansive bill, the
539:was signed into law, the
537:Voting Rights Act of 1965
422:Frederick Madison Roberts
387:Frederick Madison Roberts
347:California State Assembly
302:California State Assembly
287:
255:
236:Elsie Hawkins (1977–2007)
170:
155:Frederick Madison Roberts
137:
125:California State Assembly
65:
50:
41:
1269:United States Congress.
697:Civil Rights Act of 1991
522:Civil Rights Act of 1964
424:, the great-grandson of
314:Civil Rights Act of 1964
294:Augustus Freeman Hawkins
262:Augustus Hawkins's voice
184:Augustus Freeman Hawkins
743:interpretive displays.
613:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
492:Hawkins with President
324:Early and personal life
234:Pegga Smith (1945–1966)
2117:in 104th Congress and
600:
575:Martin Luther King Jr.
497:
466:Governor of California
382:
2011:Education and Labor*
660:Federal Reserve Board
598:
524:that established the
491:
395:Franklin D. Roosevelt
377:
334:Jefferson High School
330:Shreveport, Louisiana
278:Recorded July 1, 1987
197:Shreveport, Louisiana
1738:Education and Labor
1516:(Sitting or former)
986:Sides, Josh (2003).
971:Sides, Josh (2003).
953:Sides, Josh (2003).
828:Sides, Josh (2003).
728:Arthur Glenn Andrews
535:Five days after the
328:Hawkins was born in
1414:George E. Danielson
1350:California Assembly
1333:California Assembly
868:Office of the Clerk
555:lost to Republican
2113:Alternately named
1650:Millender-McDonald
1166:The New York Times
713:Bethesda, Maryland
625:Brownsville, Texas
601:
530:voter registration
498:
468:. Hawkins lost to
383:
300:who served in the
214:Bethesda, Maryland
2126:
2125:
1697:
1696:
1531:
1530:
1522:Succeeded by
1490:Succeeded by
1462:Succeeded by
1434:Succeeded by
1401:Succeeded by
1381:Edgar W. Hiestand
1363:Succeeded by
1309:The Baltimore Sun
1298:Los Angeles Times
1207:on July 26, 2011.
924:Los Angeles Times
886:on August 4, 2010
808:Los Angeles Times
709:Suburban Hospital
684:George H. W. Bush
510:Lyndon B. Johnson
503:Mississippi River
454:electoral college
291:
290:
271:
207:November 10, 2007
83:Edgar W. Hiestand
16:(Redirected from
2262:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2134:
1799:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1534:
1505:Preceded by
1500:Honorary titles
1472:Preceded by
1444:Preceded by
1411:Preceded by
1378:Preceded by
1339:Preceded by
1329:
1315:Augustus Hawkins
1280:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1247:. August 3, 2022
1237:
1231:
1230:
1229:on May 10, 2013.
1225:. Archived from
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1200:. Archived from
1199:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1157:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1001:
998:
992:
991:
983:
977:
976:
968:
959:
958:
950:
941:
940:
938:
936:
914:
905:
902:
896:
895:
893:
891:
882:. Archived from
864:
843:
840:
834:
833:
825:
819:
818:
816:
814:
800:
781:
778:
585:William Anderson
572:assassination of
452:, as well as an
438:fair housing act
430:Thomas Jefferson
365:Political career
354:African American
342:Great Depression
298:Democratic Party
273:
272:
210:
193:
191:
175:Personal details
163:
151:
142:
127:
117:
110:
92:
79:
70:
46:
36:Augustus Hawkins
32:
21:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2104:
2012:
2006:
1914:
1908:
1806:
1800:
1791:
1739:
1733:
1728:
1698:
1693:
1684:
1566:
1561:
1527:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1495:
1493:William D. Ford
1486:
1477:
1475:Carl D. Perkins
1467:
1458:
1449:
1439:
1430:
1424:
1416:
1406:
1404:James C. Corman
1397:
1391:
1383:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
985:
984:
980:
970:
969:
962:
952:
951:
944:
934:
932:
916:
915:
908:
903:
899:
889:
887:
866:
865:
846:
841:
837:
827:
826:
822:
812:
810:
802:
801:
784:
779:
775:
771:
759:
736:
726:Representative
705:
652:Hubert Humphrey
629:organized labor
565:Barry Goldwater
553:Pierre Salinger
494:John F. Kennedy
486:
478:John F. Kennedy
378:Hawkins in the
372:
367:
326:
283:
282:
281:
280:
279:
277:
274:
267:
264:
235:
221:Political party
212:
211:(aged 100)
208:
195:
194:August 31, 1907
189:
187:
186:
185:
161:
149:
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1319:Find a Grave
1307:
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1249:. Retrieved
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1227:the original
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1202:the original
1189:
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884:the original
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811:. Retrieved
807:
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664:Jimmy Carter
637:
609:bully pulpit
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474:Willie Brown
435:
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293:
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209:(2007-11-10)
162:Succeeded by
139:
102:Constituency
91:Succeeded by
67:
29:
2190:2007 deaths
2185:1907 births
1915:(1883–1947)
1807:(1883–1947)
1740:(1867–1883)
1508:John G. Dow
1284:Appearances
1245:www2.ed.gov
1223:Lamountains
1179:October 28,
717:centenarian
621:Ron Dellums
581:Vietnam War
541:Watts Riots
150:Preceded by
116:(1975–1991)
109:(1963–1975)
78:Preceded by
2179:Categories
2169:California
1805:Education
1519:2003–2007
1487:1984–1991
1459:1981–1984
1431:1975–1991
1398:1963–1975
1360:1935–1963
935:August 12,
890:August 11,
769:References
724:Republican
703:Later life
548:race riots
419:Republican
225:Democratic
190:1907-08-31
2035:McConnell
1894:Palmisano
1879:Dallinger
1849:Southwick
1824:O'Donnell
1782:Updegraff
1481:Chair of
1453:Chair of
1365:Tom Waite
1357:district
1353:from the
1295:from the
1251:March 14,
1174:0362-4331
674:in 1984.
656:Minnesota
617:Bill Clay
518:Title VII
310:Title VII
241:Education
231:Spouse(s)
166:Tom Waite
140:In office
129:from the
68:In office
2157:Politics
2065:Goodling
2025:Lesinski
1947:Phillips
1899:Larrabee
1889:Douglass
1625:Annunzio
1610:Thompson
1595:Burleson
1590:LeCompte
1575:LeCompte
1304:Obituary
1293:Obituary
929:Archived
757:See also
403:New Deal
380:Assembly
133:district
2131:Portals
2070:Boehner
2055:Hawkins
2050:Perkins
2020:Hartley
2013:(1947–)
1997:Connery
1982:Zihlman
1952:Gardner
1937:Tarsney
1927:O'Neill
1922:Hopkins
1834:Brunner
1819:Candler
1787:Sherwin
1675:Lofgren
1660:Lungren
1620:Hawkins
1600:Friedel
1585:Stanley
721:Alabama
688:Kennedy
579:On the
520:of the
496:in 1962
312:of the
2080:Miller
2075:McKeon
2045:Powell
2040:Barden
2030:Barden
2002:Norton
1957:Wilson
1942:McGann
1913:Labor
1904:Barden
1864:Hughes
1772:Walker
1767:Monroe
1757:Arnell
1670:Harper
1665:Miller
1645:Ehlers
1635:Thomas
1580:Norton
1288:C-SPAN
1172:
734:Legacy
619:, and
216:, U.S.
199:, U.S.
2095:Scott
2085:Kline
1992:Welch
1977:Nolan
1972:Smith
1967:Maher
1962:Lewis
1869:Sears
1859:Lever
1854:Burke
1839:Enloe
1829:Hayes
1814:Aiken
1777:Goode
1762:Perce
1747:Baker
1680:Steil
1655:Brady
1615:Nedzi
1425:from
1392:from
1306:from
1205:(PDF)
1198:(PDF)
2109:Note
2100:Foxx
2090:Foxx
2060:Ford
1987:Kopp
1932:Wade
1884:Reed
1874:Fess
1844:Grow
1752:Cary
1630:Rose
1605:Hays
1355:62nd
1253:2023
1181:2020
1170:ISSN
937:2010
892:2010
815:2021
738:The
631:and
569:1968
545:many
458:1944
450:1960
448:and
446:1944
442:1940
407:1936
399:1932
204:Died
180:Born
131:62nd
1640:Ney
1317:at
1286:on
711:in
654:of
512:'s
413:of
352:An
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847:^
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615:,
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249:BA
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939:.
894:.
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251:)
247:(
192:)
188:(
20:)
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