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the city was burnt. Probably the town was renamed as Yany ('New'); while mentioning it, European and Arabic sources write "The city Yany, named Taraz before the conquest." Archaeological finds show that the once-lively city under the
Mongolian yoke lost its previous significance and independence. The blooming of settled life in Taraz ended and decline began. Under the Chagatayids (descendants of Chagatai Khan) coins were minted in Taraz until 1334. The Tsareviches, who, as Vasa of 14th century states, "burnt the Golden Horde, destroyed Taraz and other cities, and killed the population. They took everything they could take, and burnt the rest. There was a mention of the city again in 1345 in the road guide book as a city laid on the trade route from
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1342:, using a legend about the mausoleum of Karakhan in 12th built a new mausoleum with minarets, which had nothing in common with the older one. This new mausoleum preserved the ancient name, "Aulie-Ata" ("holy father"). The town took the same name. By this time the city had become a considerable trade craft center. Annually, a large spring fair was held there. The products of craftsman and agriculture were changed for the things of cattle-breeders. Large consignments of livestock bought at the fair were sent to
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population with the exodus of the various nationalities that once made up its diversity, notably the Volga
Germans and the Jews, as well as many Russians and Ukrainians. This trend was partially off-set by the migration of Kazakhs from rural areas into the city. The city's name was changed to its Kazakh spelling (Zhambyl) in the early 1992 and to Taraz (Тараз) in 1997. The city's economy has experienced a partial revival in the early 2000s. The city established a sister city relationship with
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their capital in the middle of the 7th century. In 751 in the Talas River region, upstream from the modern city of Taraz, an army comprising Tang
Dynasty troops from China and Kara Turkish mercenaries fought an army from the Abbasid Caliphate. Despite winning the battle, the Caliphate forces withdrew from the region. In 766 the Kara-Turkish tribes were defeated by Qarlugs from the northwest. Later, nearly all the tribes of the former Western Turk Khanate were conquered.
895:'s research established that the location of ancient Taraz was under the Green Bazaar. Further research and archaeological excavations, which were made by an expedition of The USSR Academy of Science in 1938 under the supervision of A. Bernshtam and G. Patsevich to the depth 2–6 meters, made it possible to reconstruct the appearance and cultural – economic importance of ancient Taraz. The latest archaeological data have considerably expanded ideas about Taraz.
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composed of multiple ethnic groups, the largest being the
Russians, followed by the Kazakhs. Fast-paced industrialization brought many amenities of modern urban living to the city, previously largely unknown, such as typical Soviet apartment blocks as well as condo-style houses, now all supplied with electricity and running water; roads and public transport; several higher education institution; large public parks, department stores, etc.
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1330:. They built a few small fortresses for guarding the border and the caravan route mainly on the ancient cities ruins. Due to the comparatively advantageous position of the fortress which was built on the ruins of ancient Taraz a new town began quickly to grow around it. At first it was named Namangan-i Kochek ("little Namangan"), as the first settlements were from the Persian populated city
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1199:. The archaeological excavation shows Kazakh nomads were involved in the rebirth of Taraz with cultural links connecting the ancient medieval city with the culture of Kazakh people. The confirmation of it is the names of artificial channels stretched from the city. Under the Kazakh Khans in ancient Taraz there was just a small settlement, the inhabitants of which were engaged in craft,
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1035:(893), then one of the headquarters of the Karluk kaghan. A large church was transformed into a mosque, and according to one source, the "Amir of Taraz" embraced Islam. The Islamization of Central Asia was due in significant part to the activities of the Samanids, and in Taraz, other pre-existing religions such as
1405:. The city continued to play a great role in the livestock trade and in breeding. There appeared some small industrial undertakings, including wine-making. In 1876 the first school of a European type was opened by a Russian priest. At that time there were 11,700 inhabitants in the town – besides Russians and
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with the Syr-Darya line. The whole part of this land was included in the
Russian state. A new Russian quarter was added to old Aulie-Ata. Its streets were lined with pyramidal poplars, and new houses were built with brick. By that time there were 2,000-3,000 families with houses, shops, mansions, and
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Era the main part of Taraz, the
Shahristan and Arg, did not grow beyond their sizes in the previous Qarluq-Samanid Era. The Arg lost its main significance in the city's life. The Shahristan became the heart of economic and cultural life of the city. It was there that all the military, administrative,
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occupied a major part of
Central Asia in the 9th century. By this time Taraz, developing little by little had been a rich city-state typical of Central Asia with a large population and vast agricultural zone. In the late 9th century the Samanids extended their rule into the Steppes and captured Taraz
789:
products in separate parts of the Talas river valley are the evidence of the existence of the life in Taraz region in the bronze epoch. According to the archaeological excavation and available written sources, tribal unions of Saka
Scythians had been formed in this territory by the 7th-8th centuries
623:
valley, supporting Taraz's claim to being the most ancient city in
Kazakhstan. The history of the city is composed of several historical periods, interrupted by destruction and depopulation. The first reference historically recorded city linked with Taraz and the basis for the claim of 2000-year-old
1114:
Karakhanid rule did not last long because in 1220 nearly all
Central Asia and the territory of modern Kazakhstan were invaded by Mongols. There were no written documents about Taraz's growth under the Mongols after they razed it to the ground. Remnants of fire found during the excavation show that
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populations of nearby valleys. As a result of an internecine struggle amongst Turkish tribal leaders at the beginning of the 8th century the Turkish tribe in the Ili River Valley was divided into two branches: Yellow and Black. The black (kara) Turkish owned the Talas River Valley and made Taraz
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Dzhambul, along with much of Kazakhstan, suffered a severe economic crisis in the early 1990s after the break-up of the Soviet Union, with many industries coming to an almost complete halt. The demographics of the city have changed drastically as well. The city lost a significant portion of its
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and rich pastures, which attracted many stockbreeders and farmers. The struggle between Persia and Byzantium for control of the route forced both sides to look for allies. Byzantium sent ambassadors to the Western Turk Khanate, and Zemarkha Kililyskyi arrived in Taraz in 568. Simultaneously the
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Although chemical and construction industries made up the core of the city's economy, Dzhambul continued to function as an unofficial trade post with its proximity to the other Central Asian republics and a relatively mobile population. The city was known in the area for its large bazaars with
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of Aisha-Bibi and Karakhan were built. Taraz had an underground water system made of terracotta pipes, paved streets, and sewage collection. Of great interest is the Taraz Banya, which was multiple-domed building built from fired brick. In due course under the influence of internecine wars the
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from the areas that were, or were feared to come, under German occupation. The city's population continued to grow throughout the 1960s and 1970s in spite of the end of exiles, due to an industrial spurt the city received during that time. As a result, Dzhambul had a highly diverse population
1084:. Taraz became an important centre. The political independence of Taraz and autonomy of the circle promoted their development. The power of the city under one of the rulers, Tugan-Khan, was so great that he independently waged a military campaign against Samarkand and temporarily captured it.
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that briefly existed at the site of modern-day Taraz in the 1st century BCE. A city known as "Taraz" (or "Talas") is then recorded in the 6th century CE (568 CE) and is known to have existed until its decline in the 13th century. The third historical period begins with the establishment of a
1119:
to Almalyk." Steady internecine war in Central Asia interfered with the trade with distant countries, and the opening of the sea route from the Western European countries to India stopped the trade on the ancient silk road and led to the decline of the cities on this road.
1194:
Taraz is mentioned again in 1513 with the coming of the Kazakh tribes. The once famous medieval city and former capital had become a simple settlement, then it was forgotten, as well as its ancient name. By the 16th century the city's territory had been absorbed into the
956:
Unfortunately, it is not illustrated in the written sources of that time what Taraz looked like but it is said to have been a big city. The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang, who passed through Taraz in 630 came to the Ta-lo-se and noticed that the perimeter of the wall is 8 to 9
702:
The city started to assume its present form when Colonel Chernyev's detachment took over the Aulie Ata fortress and annexed it to the Russian Empire, starting in 1864. Taraz was greatly improved by the Semirechensky railway that passed through the town in 1917.
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as a Muslim state. Ancient Taraz reached the climax of its development in 11th-12th century under the Karakhanids. Instead of more or less centralized state like the Samanids, Karakhanid Central Asia was divided into many small fiefdoms or
2657:"Taraz," a new film from young producer Nurtas Adambayev released Oct. 13, has already made a claim across Kazakhstan. The title is the name of Adambayev's native city in South Kazakhstan, known in the 1990s for high crime rates.
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The development of Taraz as a city arose as the result of the development and strengthening of political and economic ties linked to trade along the Silk Road. As a major halt, it flourished amidst a comparatively gentle
1223:
in 1755, their entire territory, including Talas area, was annexed by the Qing, Qing soldiers patrolled the area once a year. Kazakh people were expelled from the area if they were captured pasturing inside the area.
1604:, members of the aristocracy, families of convicted "enemies of the people," etc.) were forced to relocate to Kazakhstan, many of whom settled in Dzhambul. Some were evacuated to Kazakhstan, and to Dzhambul, during
1563:
475:
961:(according to the Chinese measures one tang li is about 453 meters) in this city alternately. Due to written sources and archaeological investigation it is known from the 1st BC to 5th AD
1596:(folk singer). Starting in the 1930s, Dzhambul, along with other places in Kazakhstan, became the destination for large numbers of the deported peoples who were subject to internal
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During the first two decades following the Russian Revolution and the Civil War, Aulie-Ata remained a small town. It was renamed Mirzoyan (Russian: "Мирзоян") in 1936, after
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tribes show the introduction of Turkic language. Taraz was joined to the Western Turk Khanate. It felt, like other cities of the region, the influence of Sogdian culture.
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was invaded and it was under the Taraz's power during 15 months. Certainly, this political power was the result of the economic importance of the city. In the
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ordered to accommodate Kazakh people in Talas area within the border and settled them properly. The area was promptly populated by Kazakhs. In fact, all of
1637:
On November 12, 2011, a gunman "described by officials as a jihadist" killed at least eight people, including five police officers and himself, in Taraz.
1413:; Kazakhs were nearly absent, as they led a nomadic way of life. A full description of the city at the beginning of the 20th century is given in Russian.
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Written sources of Paleo-Anthropological material collected from Kurgans in Southern Kazakhstan show the existence of close ties between Taraz and the
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However scarcity of information, inaccuracy of descriptions, and weakness of geography made it impossible to know the location until 1936. Professor
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Karakhanids lost their power and in the end of the 12th century the city was taken by the Kara-Khitans. In 1210 Kara-Khitans were defeated by
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509:. It had a population of 330,100 as of the 1999 census, up 9% from 1989, making it one of the fastest-growing cities in the country, after
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Numerous archaeological finds and monuments in the foothills of Karatau and in Talas-Assin oasis show the antiquity of settlements in the
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1600:. Millions of Volga Germans, Chechens, Ukrainians, Koreans and other ethnic minorities, along with other marginalized subjects (former
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influences. It has a mean January temperature of −3 °C (27 °F) and a mean July temperature of 25.5 °C (77.9 °F).
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In the beginning of the 19th century, the upper part of the Talas River Valley was again invaded by newcomers. This time it was the
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965:(Kanglu) tribes lived in the Talas River Valley. Similarity between the excavated materials of Taraz and the Kurgans of the
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were the first Turkic groups to have converted to Islam en masse, and from the 10th to 12th century Taraz was ruled by the
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2272:"1 апреля 2023г. - Бюро национальной статистики Агентства по стратегическому планированию и реформам Республики Казахстан"
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houses of the poor. At first it was ruled by a military administration, later in 1867 it became the center of an
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and cattle breeding. In 1723 the Talas Valley, as well as the major part of southern Kazakhstan were invaded by
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and rich pastures attracted many stock-breeder and farmers. In the 60-s of the 6th century the territory of the
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910:. Taraz developed as a fortified tradecraft city on this massive transcontinental artery. Comparatively gentle
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and uzbekified. In 1856 it was renamed Aulie-Ata, in the honor of Karakhan the founder of Karakhanid dynasty.
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merchants, who controlled the Central Asian section of the caravan route, were interested in easier access to
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ran across Southern Kazakhstan. It played a major role in trade and cultural exchange between China, India,
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2672:Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (
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Golden, Peter. B. (1990), "Chapter 13 - The Karakhanids and Early Islam", in Sinor, Denis (ed.),
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1231:, Qing China had to deal with consistent cross-border immigration of Kazakh people. In 1766, the
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The Persian Samanids however were defeated by the Turkic Karakhanids who were a confederation of
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Persians sent their ambassador to the Turks, but Istemi Khan was on the side of Byzantium.
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In 1864, Aulie-Ata surrendered after a short siege by Russian forces led by General
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1378:. Soon the line of Russian fortifications across the steppe was connected through
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in the Talas-Alatau. The caravan way passed through the city to the north-through
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was populated by Kazakhs during the period as the aboriginal western Mongols
796:, 70 from 1st-century, talk about the fortress constructed on Talas River by
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812:, etc.). The fortress is believed to have been at the site of modern Taraz.
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This article is about the city in Kazakhstan. For the villages in Iran, see
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in 36 BCE. The city was first recorded under the name "Talas" in 568 CE by
934:, and then with Byzantium. In response, Byzantium sent ambassadors to the
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2227:, the 2021 World Champion in Women's Blitz Chess, is a native of Taraz.
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city-state took place. At this time in the city and its countryside the
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681:). In 1993, the spelling of the city's name was officially changed to
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2641:"Nurtas Adambayev: I Would Take a Knife to School - The Astana Times"
2475:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
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cultural and other establishments that governed life in the medieval
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528:, Taraz celebrated its official 2,000th anniversary (recognized by
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City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary.
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From the top, Dostyk Square, Government Building, Aulie-Ata Mosque
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farmers selling agricultural produce from throughout the region.
938:, and in the 568 the embassy led by Zemarchus and Maniach to the
633:
fortress at the end of the 18th century, which in 1864 was named
2711:
2198:
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551:. The medieval city of Talas was a major trade centre along the
517:. The current population of Taraz city is 428,000 (April 2023).
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to northern Kazakhstan from the south, the city was renamed
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As a result of the Dzungars' destruction the area became a
663:. After Mirzoyan's arrest in 1938, the city was renamed to
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to the West, via the Arab capture of Chinese paper makers.
555:. Talas was later described by Buddhist monk and traveller
1672:
Climate data for Taraz (1991-2020, extremes 1870-present)
1416:
The population consisted of Russians, Uzbeks and Kazakhs.
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in the Talas valley. One of its indirect outcomes was the
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1419:
Ethnic composition of the city according to 1897 census:
590:(751 CE), which was fought between forces of the Chinese
532:) in 2001, dating from a fortress built in the area by a
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563:, we come to the city of Daluosi. The city is 8 or 9
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occupying nearly all of the territory of the modern
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68:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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586:Talas secured a place in history by virtue of the
505:in the south of the country near the border with
2383:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 343–370,
2248:Nurtas Adambay, film director, writer and actor.
1030:in the 7th century and 8th century, the Persian
2619:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2469:
2467:
2402:Arabic for "that which is beyond the riiver ")
1570:. In 1938, after Mirzoyan was executed during
1554:Taraz railway station was built by the Soviets
1243:were eliminated by the Qing in earlier years.
520:One of the oldest cities in Kazakhstan and in
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2311:Journey to the West in the Great Tang Dynasty
1586:(Russian: "Джамбул", Kazakh: "Жамбыл") after
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8:
690:
598:. The battle took place somewhere along the
2707:Qarakhanid Dynasty (Encyclopædia Britannica
1518:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1290:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1162:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
859:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
745:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
699:), and in 1997 the city was renamed Taraz.
673:), after the Kazakh traditional folksinger
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2413:"18世纪中叶至19世纪中叶清代西北边疆的巡边制度和巡边路线 - 新疆哲学社会科学"
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2297:General Conference30th Session, Paris 1999
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2561:"Fatal Rampage by a Gunman in Kazakhstan"
2381:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
1538:Learn how and when to remove this message
1310:Learn how and when to remove this message
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879:Learn how and when to remove this message
765:Learn how and when to remove this message
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
942:arrived in Taraz at the court of Istemi
2500:"Sister Cities International of Fresno"
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3112:Kazakhstan–Kyrgyzstan border crossings
2559:Schwirtz, Michael (12 November 2011).
2313:. Xi'an: Shaanxi People's Press. p. 27
2530:"Sister City Partnerships in Indiana"
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3107:Populated places along the Silk Road
2639:Utegenova, Anel (November 8, 2016).
2239:, Kazakh businesswoman and socialite
1568:head of the Communists of Kazakhstan
1516:adding citations to reliable sources
1288:adding citations to reliable sources
1160:adding citations to reliable sources
1014:The partially restored mausoleum of
857:adding citations to reliable sources
743:adding citations to reliable sources
366:187.8 km (72.5 sq mi)
66:adding citations to reliable sources
2212:Taraz is hosting the football team
1451:(Tajik and Uzbek settlers from the
2676:) Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.
31:. For the city in Kyrgyzstan, see
25:
3097:Populated places in Jambyl Region
2615:"Taraz Climate Normals 1991–2020"
2593:"Климат Тараза - Погода и климат"
785:statues of kings and remnants of
649:). In 1936, the city was renamed
140:City in Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan
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2702:Тараз 2000 - Исторические очерки
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1207:who owned it nearly until 1755.
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567:in diameter; and was settled by
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1247:From Auliye-Ata to Modern Taraz
53:needs additional citations for
3092:Cities and towns in Kazakhstan
2692:Что было в Тысячелетиях Тараза
1376:Mikhail Grigorievich Cherniaev
1:
1656:Köppen climate classification
1626:, United States according to
1028:Arab conquest of Central Asia
485:; also historically known as
239:
1471:speaking merchants from the
922:section included Taraz. The
2145:Average precipitation days
1931:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1791:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1628:Sister Cities International
624:history is the fortress of
395:2,300/km (5,900/sq mi)
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2687:Тараз. Информационный сайт
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1006:Islamic and Persian period
374:610 m (2,000 ft)
26:
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2218:Kazakhstan Premier League
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1022:This is the site of the "
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583:, is named for the town.
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2192:Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net
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2220:.Woman Grand Master in
953:allied with Byzantium.
898:At that time the Great
1652:cold semi-arid climate
1580:deportation of Koreans
1578:for opposing the mass
1566:), an ethnic Armenian
1555:
1071:and other tribes. The
1019:
594:and those of the Arab
252:Location in Kazakhstan
2534:Indiana Sister Cities
2504:VisitFresnoCounty.org
1564:Левон Исаевич Мирзоян
1553:
1013:
920:First Turkic Kaganate
604:introduction of paper
491:administrative center
2896:Cities in Kazakhstan
2331:Pospelov, p. 29
2309:Ji, Xianlin (1985).
2225:Bibisara Assaubayeva
1721:Record high °C (°F)
1512:improve this section
1455:oases) - 386 (3.2%).
1409:there were a lot of
1284:improve this section
1156:improve this section
853:improve this section
739:improve this section
489:) is a city and the
435:Vehicle registration
392: • Density
352:Orynbekov Bakhytzhan
62:improve this article
2540:on October 23, 2022
2001:Record low °C (°F)
1861:Daily mean °C (°F)
1475:oases - 379 (3.2%).
1423:The total - 11,722.
1219:were eliminated by
1077:Kara-Khanid Khanate
503:Talas (Taraz) River
276: /
2647:. The Astana Times
2565:The New York Times
2442:www.qinghistory.cn
2216:that plays in the
1624:Fresno, California
1617:After independence
1556:
1439:) - 1,366 (11.6%).
1397:of Kazakhstan and
1020:
679:Dzhambul Dzhabayev
549:Menander Protector
384: • Total
363: • Total
341: • Akim
3079:
3078:
2862:
2861:
2204:
2203:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1328:Khanate of Kokand
1320:
1319:
1312:
1252:A Kokand fortress
1241:of Dzungars
1192:
1191:
1184:
889:
888:
881:
777:The discovery of
775:
774:
767:
596:Abbasid Caliphate
501:, located on the
457:
456:
348:
280:42.900°N 71.367°E
138:
137:
130:
112:
33:Talas, Kyrgyzstan
16:(Redirected from
3119:
3102:Syr-Darya Oblast
2889:
2882:
2875:
2866:
2826:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2713:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2573:on June 17, 2022
2572:
2567:. Archived from
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2536:. Archived from
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2510:on June 30, 2022
2506:. Archived from
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2471:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2415:. Archived from
2409:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2314:
2307:
2301:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2268:
2148:
1669:
1588:Zhambyl Zhabayev
1543:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1492:
1484:
1429:- 8,460 (72.1%).
1362:(Petropavl), to
1326:soldiers of the
1315:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1264:
1256:
1242:
1233:Qianlong Emperor
1187:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1136:
1128:
893:Wilhelm Barthold
884:
877:
873:
870:
864:
833:
825:
821:Early references
770:
763:
759:
756:
750:
719:
711:
694:
693:
672:
671:
658:
657:
545:Battle of Zhizhi
484:
482:
481:
480:
478:
469:
453:
450:
342:
308:
306:
305:
291:
290:
288:
287:
286:
281:
277:
274:
273:
272:
269:
242:
241:
235:
216:
194:
185:
174:
143:
133:
126:
122:
119:
113:
111:
70:
46:
38:
21:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3006:Ust-Kamenogorsk
2914:
2898:
2893:
2863:
2858:
2827:
2818:
2757:
2745:
2740:
2683:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2650:
2648:
2645:astanatimes.com
2638:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
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2590:
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2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2317:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2233:
2210:
2205:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1648:
1643:
1632:Muncie, Indiana
1619:
1544:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1509:
1493:
1482:
1372:
1316:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1281:
1265:
1254:
1249:
1240:
1213:
1188:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1153:
1137:
1126:
1112:
1057:
1055:The Karakhanids
1024:Battle of Talas
1008:
936:Turkic Kaganate
885:
874:
868:
865:
850:
834:
823:
818:
771:
760:
754:
751:
736:
720:
709:
617:
612:
588:Battle of Talas
476:
474:
473:
472:
470:
447:
419:
418:080001 - 080019
303:
301:
284:
282:
278:
275:
270:
267:
265:
263:
262:
256:
255:
254:
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250:
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222:
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204:
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197:
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187:
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177:
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160:
151:
148:
141:
134:
123:
117:
114:
71:
69:
59:
47:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3125:
3123:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
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3063:
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3053:
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3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
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2978:
2973:
2968:
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2884:
2877:
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2860:
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2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2809:Turar Ryskulov
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2682:
2681:External links
2679:
2678:
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2631:
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2521:
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2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2243:Eljan Birtanov
2240:
2237:Goga Ashkenazi
2232:
2231:Notable people
2229:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2201:
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2193:
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2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
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1997:
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1987:
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1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1661:) with strong
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1618:
1615:
1560:Levon Mirzoyan
1546:
1545:
1496:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1462:
1456:
1446:
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1371:
1368:
1318:
1317:
1268:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1212:
1209:
1197:Kazakh Khanate
1190:
1189:
1140:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1111:
1108:
1056:
1053:
1007:
1004:
887:
886:
837:
835:
828:
822:
819:
817:
816:Medieval Taraz
814:
800:, a prince of
773:
772:
723:
721:
714:
708:
705:
675:Jambyl Jabayev
661:Levon Mirzoyan
641:words meaning
616:
613:
611:
608:
577:Talas alphabet
455:
454:
445:
441:
440:
437:
431:
430:
427:
421:
420:
417:
415:
409:
408:
403:
397:
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389:
388:
385:
381:
380:
376:
375:
372:
368:
367:
364:
360:
359:
355:
354:
349:
338:
337:
333:
332:
329:
325:
324:
319:
313:
312:
299:
293:
292:
285:42.900; 71.367
258:
257:
251:
245:
244:
237:
236:
230:
229:
228:
227:
224:
223:
217:
211:
210:
209:
206:
205:
199:
198:
189:
188:
180:
179:
178:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
162:
161:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
139:
136:
135:
50:
48:
41:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3124:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Petropavlovsk
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
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2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
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2815:
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2807:
2805:
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2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2744:
2743:Jambyl Region
2737:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
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2675:
2671:
2670:
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2635:
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2620:
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2607:
2594:
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2585:
2571:
2566:
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2555:
2552:
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2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2419:on 2013-09-25
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2390:0-521-24304-1
2386:
2382:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2357:
2351:
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2343:
2337:
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2326:
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2320:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2300:. unesco.org.
2299:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2245:, politician.
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2143:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2073:precipitation
2069:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1542:
1539:
1531:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1497:This section
1495:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1480:Soviet period
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1461:- 266 (2.2%).
1460:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1443:Kirgiz Kaysak
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:Jambyl Region
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1360:Petropavlovsk
1358:(Astana) and
1357:
1353:
1352:Karrabul Pass
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1314:
1311:
1303:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1269:This section
1267:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:No man's land
1225:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1186:
1183:
1175:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1141:This section
1139:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
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1074:
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1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1012:
1005:
1003:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
983:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
954:
952:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:
883:
880:
872:
862:
858:
854:
848:
847:
843:
838:This section
836:
832:
827:
826:
820:
815:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:Zhizhi Chanyu
795:
791:
788:
784:
780:
769:
766:
758:
748:
744:
740:
734:
733:
729:
724:This section
722:
718:
713:
712:
706:
704:
700:
698:
688:
684:
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648:
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636:
632:
627:
622:
614:
609:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
581:Orkhon script
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:Jambyl Region
492:
488:
479:
465:
461:
452:
446:
438:
436:
428:
426:
416:
414:
407:
404:
402:
394:
386:
373:
365:
353:
350:
346:
330:
323:
322:Jambyl Region
320:
318:
311:
300:
298:
289:
261:Coordinates:
234:
215:
193:
184:
173:
159:
154:
144:
132:
129:
121:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
79: –
78:
74:
73:Find sources:
67:
63:
57:
56:
51:This article
49:
45:
40:
39:
34:
30:
19:
3055:
2919:Other cities
2853:
2832:Major cities
2753:
2752:
2673:
2656:
2649:. Retrieved
2644:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2595:(in Russian)
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2570:the original
2564:
2554:
2544:December 15,
2542:. Retrieved
2538:the original
2533:
2524:
2514:December 15,
2512:. Retrieved
2508:the original
2503:
2494:
2482:. Retrieved
2479:demoscope.ru
2478:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2441:
2432:
2421:. Retrieved
2417:the original
2407:
2398:
2380:
2359:. Retrieved
2350:
2336:
2310:
2305:
2296:
2291:
2280:. Retrieved
2278:(in Russian)
2275:
2266:
2211:
2075:mm (inches)
1658:
1650:Taraz has a
1649:
1636:
1620:
1611:
1591:
1583:
1557:
1534:
1525:
1510:Please help
1498:
1418:
1415:
1399:Talas Region
1388:
1373:
1370:Russian rule
1350:through the
1321:
1306:
1297:
1282:Please help
1270:
1226:
1214:
1193:
1178:
1169:
1154:Please help
1142:
1113:
1104:Khwarazmshah
1058:
1041:Christianity
1021:
999:fertile soil
991:
979:
958:
955:
916:fertile soil
897:
890:
875:
866:
851:Please help
839:
792:
776:
761:
752:
737:Please help
725:
701:
696:
686:
682:
678:
664:
650:
646:
642:
634:
618:
592:Tang dynasty
585:
519:
486:
459:
458:
124:
115:
105:
98:
91:
84:
72:
60:Please help
55:verification
52:
3051:Taldıqorğan
3046:Stepnogorsk
2577:11 December
2461:《清高宗实录》卷759
2276:stat.gov.kz
1663:continental
1590:, a Kazakh
1576:Great Purge
1445:- 589 (5%).
1437:Belarusians
1435:(including
1201:agriculture
1124:Kazakh rule
1117:Transoxiana
1073:Karakhanids
1016:Ayshah Bibi
781:ornaments,
621:Talas River
600:Talas River
522:Transoxania
413:Postal code
283: /
29:Taraz, Iran
3086:Categories
2697:Semirech'e
2624:1 November
2484:10 October
2447:10 October
2423:2013-04-03
2282:2023-06-07
2253:References
2197:Source 2:
2147:(≥ 1.0 mm)
1407:Ukrainians
1403:Kyrgyzstan
1336:Uzbekistan
1221:Qing China
1215:After the
1106:Mohammed.
1099:mausoleums
1090:Karakhanid
1018:near Taraz
975:Kanguiskyi
940:Muhan Khan
667:(Russian:
653:(Russian:
637:(from the
635:Auliye-Ata
507:Kyrgyzstan
499:Kazakhstan
379:Population
336:Government
310:Kazakhstan
88:newspapers
3071:Zhanaozen
3066:Turkistan
2996:Kyzylorda
2986:Kokshetau
2976:Karaganda
2971:Kapchagay
2966:Jezkazgan
2961:Ekibastuz
2762:Districts
2751:Capital:
2361:April 14,
2342:"e-Taraz"
1641:Geography
1499:does not
1453:Zarafshan
1356:Akmolinsk
1334:, now in
1271:does not
1211:Qing rule
1143:does not
1082:appanages
928:Byzantium
904:Byzantium
900:Silk Road
869:June 2023
840:does not
810:Hsiung-nu
755:June 2023
726:does not
707:Antiquity
689:(Kazakh:
659:), after
553:Silk Road
515:Turkistan
449:taraz-gov
425:Area code
401:Time zone
371:Elevation
18:Aulie-Ata
3061:Temirtau
3041:Shymkent
3031:Satbayev
3011:Pavlodar
2991:Kostanay
2956:Balkhash
2951:Baikonur
2789:Moiynkum
2214:FC Taraz
2071:Average
2066:(−40.0)
2056:(−35.0)
2006:(−38.0)
1786:(110.7)
1766:(105.1)
1761:(109.6)
1756:(110.7)
1751:(108.1)
1746:(101.5)
1584:Dzhambul
1528:May 2023
1433:Russians
1380:Chimkent
1344:Tashkent
1332:Namangan
1300:May 2023
1237:Xinjiang
1217:Dzungars
1205:Dzungars
1172:May 2023
1049:Tengrism
1045:Buddhism
1037:Mazdaism
1032:Samanids
982:Kypchaks
971:Usunskyi
932:Persians
687:Dzhambyl
670:Джамбу́л
665:Dzhambul
656:Мирзоя́н
651:Mirzoyan
615:Overview
557:Xuanzang
526:Sogdians
118:May 2023
2941:Arkalyk
2903:Capital
2844:Karatau
2839:Janatas
2667:Sources
2651:June 5,
2356:"Taraz"
2140:(14.2)
2041:(37.4)
2036:(45.0)
2031:(37.4)
2026:(22.6)
2021:(10.0)
1996:(41.1)
1991:(21.4)
1986:(29.8)
1981:(40.5)
1976:(50.5)
1971:(60.3)
1966:(63.5)
1961:(60.1)
1956:(51.6)
1951:(43.2)
1946:(32.2)
1941:(21.6)
1936:(18.7)
1926:(52.3)
1921:(29.1)
1916:(38.5)
1911:(51.6)
1906:(64.2)
1901:(75.0)
1896:(77.9)
1891:(74.1)
1886:(64.4)
1881:(54.0)
1876:(41.5)
1871:(29.7)
1856:(64.0)
1851:(38.8)
1846:(48.9)
1841:(64.4)
1836:(78.4)
1831:(89.2)
1826:(91.4)
1821:(87.1)
1816:(76.5)
1811:(65.5)
1806:(52.3)
1801:(39.7)
1796:(36.0)
1781:(72.9)
1776:(84.2)
1771:(94.3)
1741:(92.5)
1736:(88.0)
1731:(77.0)
1726:(71.8)
1646:Climate
1520:removed
1505:sources
1473:Fergana
1469:Persian
1348:Fergana
1340:Mullahs
1324:Qipchaq
1292:removed
1277:sources
1164:removed
1149:sources
1110:Mongols
1086:Kashgar
1069:Yaghmas
1065:Chigils
1061:Karluks
995:climate
967:Gynskyi
924:Sogdian
912:climate
861:removed
846:sources
806:Xiongnu
787:ceramic
747:removed
732:sources
610:History
575:." The
534:Xiongnu
444:Website
429:+7 7262
387:428,000
328:Founded
297:Country
271:71°22′E
268:42°54′N
102:scholar
77:"Taraz"
3021:Ridder
3001:Uralsk
2981:Kentau
2946:Atyrau
2936:Almaty
2931:Aktobe
2910:Astana
2814:Zhualy
2794:Sarysu
2779:Korday
2774:Jambyl
2769:Bayzak
2599:Jan 2,
2438:"边疆民族"
2387:
2208:Sports
2135:(1.3)
2130:(1.4)
2125:(1.2)
2120:(0.4)
2115:(0.4)
2110:(0.7)
2105:(1.1)
2100:(1.6)
2095:(1.9)
2090:(1.5)
2085:(1.5)
2080:(1.2)
2061:(−31)
2051:(6.3)
2016:(−13)
2011:(−40)
1677:Month
1602:kulaks
1572:Stalin
1459:Tatars
1427:Uzbeks
1411:Uzbeks
1383:small
1095:feudal
1047:, and
986:Qarluq
963:Kangui
948:Istemi
908:Persia
906:, and
794:Hanshu
783:bronze
697:Jambyl
692:Жамбыл
683:Jambyl
647:father
631:Kokand
626:Zhizhi
541:Zhizhi
539:named
537:Chanyu
530:UNESCO
511:Astana
477:listen
464:Kazakh
331:36 BCE
317:Region
307:
104:
97:
90:
83:
75:
3056:Taraz
3036:Semey
3026:Saran
2926:Aktau
2854:Taraz
2804:Talas
2784:Merki
2754:Taraz
2258:Notes
2222:chess
2187:60.1
2064:−40.0
2054:−37.2
2049:−14.3
2046:(23)
2019:−12.2
2004:−38.9
1866:(27)
1716:Year
1598:exile
1465:Tajik
1390:Uyezd
1385:adobe
951:Yabgu
944:Yabgu
804:(Ch.
790:B.C.
779:chest
643:saint
639:Uzbek
573:Suyab
487:Talas
468:Тараз
460:Taraz
439:H, 08
406:UTC+5
345:mayor
246:Taraz
150:Тараз
147:Taraz
109:JSTOR
95:books
2653:2024
2626:2023
2601:2022
2579:2020
2546:2022
2516:2022
2486:2018
2449:2018
2385:ISBN
2363:2021
2199:NOAA
2184:6.3
2181:5.6
2178:4.0
2175:1.6
2172:1.6
2169:3.1
2166:4.6
2163:6.2
2160:7.2
2157:7.0
2154:6.5
2151:6.4
2024:−5.2
1989:−5.9
1984:−1.2
1974:10.3
1969:15.7
1964:17.5
1959:15.6
1954:10.9
1939:−5.8
1934:−7.4
1924:11.2
1919:−1.6
1909:10.9
1904:17.9
1899:23.9
1894:25.5
1889:23.4
1884:18.0
1879:12.2
1869:−1.3
1854:17.8
1839:18.0
1834:25.8
1829:31.8
1824:33.0
1819:30.6
1814:24.7
1809:18.6
1804:11.3
1784:43.7
1779:22.7
1774:29.0
1769:34.6
1764:40.6
1759:43.1
1754:43.7
1749:42.3
1744:38.6
1739:33.6
1734:31.1
1729:25.0
1724:22.1
1713:Dec
1710:Nov
1707:Oct
1704:Sep
1701:Aug
1698:Jul
1695:Jun
1692:May
1689:Apr
1686:Mar
1683:Feb
1680:Jan
1606:WWII
1593:akyn
1503:any
1501:cite
1449:Sart
1364:Omsk
1346:and
1275:any
1273:cite
1147:any
1145:cite
969:and
844:any
842:cite
730:any
728:cite
645:and
513:and
358:Area
218:Seal
158:City
81:news
2849:Shu
2799:Shu
2138:357
2059:−35
2039:3.0
2034:7.2
2029:3.0
2014:−25
2009:−40
1994:5.1
1979:4.7
1949:6.2
1944:0.1
1914:3.6
1874:5.3
1849:3.8
1844:9.4
1799:4.3
1794:2.2
1659:BSk
1574:’s
1514:by
1401:of
1286:by
1158:by
855:by
802:Hun
741:by
497:in
493:of
451:.kz
64:by
3088::
2655:.
2643:.
2617:.
2563:.
2532:.
2502:.
2477:.
2466:^
2440:.
2371:^
2318:^
2274:.
2133:32
2128:36
2123:30
2118:10
2108:18
2103:28
2098:40
2093:49
2088:38
2083:37
2078:30
2044:−5
1864:−3
1634:.
1366:.
1067:,
1063:,
1043:,
1039:,
997:,
984:,
959:li
914:,
808:,
695:,
569:Hu
565:li
561:li
466::
2888:e
2881:t
2874:v
2735:e
2728:t
2721:v
2628:.
2603:.
2581:.
2548:.
2518:.
2488:.
2451:.
2426:.
2365:.
2344:.
2285:.
2113:9
1654:(
1562:(
1541:)
1535:(
1530:)
1526:(
1522:.
1508:.
1467:(
1313:)
1307:(
1302:)
1298:(
1294:.
1280:.
1185:)
1179:(
1174:)
1170:(
1166:.
1152:.
973:-
882:)
876:(
871:)
867:(
863:.
849:.
768:)
762:(
757:)
753:(
749:.
735:.
685:/
677:(
483:)
471:(
462:(
347:)
343:(
131:)
125:(
120:)
116:(
106:·
99:·
92:·
85:·
58:.
35:.
20:)
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