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notwithstanding he was utterly unfit to bear the fatigues of traveling, and the unavoidable exposure to an inclement season. He died about 50 years of age after an illness of two years duration, his constitution, originally a strong one, gradually giving way, despite of human remedies, to the destroyer, Consumption. Though far from home and family, his last moments were not soothed and tended by strangers alone. His Uncle, John
Woolfolk, was with him, and brought his to be interred in the cemetery of this city. To the people of Auburn, his relatives here, and bereaved family, owe many thanks, for their kindness and attention to him in his last illness. He left a Father, a Brother and three Sisters in Tennessee, and a wife and five children in Louisiana, to mourn their loss. Columbus Enq. Ga.
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archway that leads into utter darkness. Light your way along either of the passages, amid the dust and cobwebs, frightening the rats and spiders in their solitary domain, and you would emerge into a square cell, floored and walled with solid blocks of granite, with here and there a rusty iron ring imbedded in the stone, which at once suggests to your mind the nature of the place you are in. There are other iron doors to be distinguished in dark corners, and if you should draw their bolts you should come upon other strong cells, like the first, eight in all. Some of them have trap doors at the top opening into the old house above, and in others rusty chains still hang from bolted rings, awakening sad visions of oppression.
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height, with little square windows that more clearly indicate the extreme age of the building than anything else about it. It is in the centre of an old yard that might have been green with verdure when the big gaunt trees that are bending and splitting under their far-reaching boughs were much younger than they are now; the walls are blackened by the hand of time, and the steep roof is crumbling under the coating of soft moss.
227:' as if states' rights was the cause of the Civil War. And, although passing references are made to the Woolfolk family slaves, their participation in the narrative is minute compared to the contribution they made to the family's fortunes." Woolfolk himself advertised to the sell side as he did to the buy side. This advertisement appeared in the newspaper of Woodville, Mississippi for three months:
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There is not much more to be seen here but damp dirt, spreading cobwebs and perhaps the wreck of a beer keg from the bar up-stairs, for the old house is now used as a saloon by an humble Teuton and his wife, while the surrounding grounds are a popular evening resort with the poor but worthy residents
184:
According to a
Woolfolk family history published in 2004, "Some say he was engaged in slave trading...but more likely he was buying large numbers of slaves to use on his extensive sugar plantations in Iberville Parish, Louisiana." However, according to professional historians, along with figures like
163:
DIED - In Auburn, Macon County, Ala., on the 10th inst., Austin
Woolfolk, on his way from Baltimore to his home and family in Louisiana, in the fond-hope of reaching them ere death had laid his icy hand upon him, he struggled on from place to place, against tho advice of his friends and the of his ,
348:
The jail was noticed by abolitionists of the day, and who reported that it could house 40 or more people prior to shipment south. According to historian
William Calderhead, "The movement of his charges to Baltimore was accomplished either by steamboat or small sailing vessel from the outports along
335:
The stranger, in passing along West Platt street, between
Fremont and Poppleton, in this conservative old city of Baltimore, will notice with interest an old-fashioned house that stands on the north side of the way high above the sidewalk. It is a stone structure, of antique design, two stories in
339:
The stone wall of the yard that bounds the lot on Pratt street has two rusty iron doors in it, which mark tho entrances two large cavernous passages that extend beneath the yard. If you should open them, (though such a thing has not been done for these many years), you would find yourself in an
231:
NEGROES FOR SALE. The subscriber has on hand seventy- five likely young
Virginia born Negroes, of various descriptions, which he offers to sell low for cash, or good acceptance; any person wishing to purchase would do well to call and suit themselves. — I will have a constant supply through the
168:
Austin
Woolfolk's brothers, Samuel Martin Woolfolk, Joseph Biggers Woolfolk, and Richard Woolfolk, and two of his uncles, John Woolfolk of Augusta, Georgia, and Austin Woolfolk, also worked in the slave trade. One Augustin Woolfolk may also have been a relation and slave trader.
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of the neighborhood, where they sip their lager and gossip beneath the broad foliage of the noble old trees. This is
Wolfoulk's Jail, at one time the best known and most flourishing slave jail in all the South.
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89:(1796 – 1847) was an American slave trader and plantation owner. Among the busiest slave traders in Maryland, he trafficked more than 2,000 enslaved people through the
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where he kept his slaves. Even though he advertised in newspapers, he moved his slaves at night to avoid attracting attention. He became notorious for selling
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after the latter had criticized him. For this attack, Woolfolk pleaded guilty to assault, and received a one dollar fine and was ordered to pay court costs.
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121:'s army during the War of 1812, serving under his father Colonel William Woolfolk. Woolfolk participated in the Battle of New Orleans. He moved to
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223:' mode...In one of several instances of this, she writes: 'Woolfolk family members...supported the Confederate cause for
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in 1815 or 1819, where he married Emily Sparks in 1839 with whom he had four children, two of which were adopted.
361:
418:
Encyclopedia of
African American History, 1619–1895: From the Colonial Period to the Age of Frederick Douglass
666:
639:
Gudmestad, Robert H. (Fall 2003). "The
Troubled Legacy of Isaac Franklin: The Enterprise of Slave Trading".
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commended the 2004 Woolfolk book as an "exemplar of modern genealogical work" but criticized the author's "
942:. American Historical Association, Carnegie Corporation of New York. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co.
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197:, Woolfolk was a pioneer magnate of Baltimore-based slave trading. In 1933 Mississippi historian
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875:"The Role of the Professional Slave Trader in a Slave Economy: Austin Woolfolk, A Case Study"
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season.--I can be found at Purnell's Tavern. Natchez, December 1st, 1826. "Austin Woolfolk."
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176:"This negro was purchased by Judge Bry, of Austin Woolfolk, last December in Natchez..."
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More than 30 years after his death, a newspaper described Woolfolk's former premises:
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965:"Trouble the water: The Baltimore to New Orleans coastwise slave trade, 1820–1860"
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published a monograph about slave trader Woolfolk in 1977. A reviewer in the
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called Woolfolk as slave trader "too famous to require comment." The journal
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Pioneers, Patriots, and Planters: A Historic Narrative of a Woolfolk Family
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Pioneers, Patriots, and Planters: A Historic Narrative of a Woolfolk Family
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Woolfolk became a slave trader in Baltimore, where he had an office on
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The Business of Slavery and the Rise of American Capitalism, 1815-1860
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the Chesapeake or by wagon or hack from nearby land connections."
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when they moved to Baltimore. Woolfolk died February 10, 1847 in
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The site of Woolfolk's slave jail is now a Baltimore city park.
586:. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. pp. 49, 59–62.
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539:"Tennessee, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1779-2008"
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Andrew Jackson and the slave trade in the United States
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Woolfolk was driven "out of business" by slave traders
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Austin Woolfolk was born in 1796 in the U.S. state of
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1058:American military personnel of the War of 1812
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793:"Seeing the Unseen: Baltimore's slave trade"
420:. Oxford University Press. pp. 360–61.
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475:"What Else You Should Know About Baltimore"
97:, and became notorious in time for selling
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799:. Photographs by Amy Davis. 2022-05-04
760:Bedford County Press and Everett Press
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105:after the latter had criticized him.
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1038:19th-century American businesspeople
677:from the original on August 14, 2023
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426:10.1093/acref/9780195167771.001.0001
1033:19th-century American slave traders
914:Carrow-Woolfolk, Elizabeth (2004).
836:Billingsley, Carolyn Earle (2005).
473:Schermerhorn, Calvin (2015-05-31).
963:Williams, Jennie K. (2020-04-02).
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16:American slave trader (1796–1847)
1023:People from Georgia (U.S. state)
846:The Journal of Southern History
1053:Tuberculosis deaths in Alabama
1048:History of slavery in Maryland
641:Tennessee Historical Quarterly
370:List of American slave traders
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981:10.1080/0144039X.2019.1660509
580:Schermerhorn, Calvin (2015).
117:. He served as lieutenant in
873:Calderhead, William (1977).
673:. March 5, 1847. p. 2.
416:. In Finkelman, Paul (ed.).
140:'s aunt, and for assaulting
101:'s aunt, and for assaulting
208:Journal of Southern History
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754:Worth, Perk (1878-09-10).
178:The Weekly Natchez Courier
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1063:Sugar plantation owners
969:Slavery & Abolition
412:Kerschen, Lois (2006).
939:Slavery in Mississippi
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191:Bernard M. Campbell
95:Port of New Orleans
35:"Cash for Negroes"
934:Sydnor, Charles S.
724:Billingsley (2005)
414:"Woolfolk, Austin"
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138:Frederick Douglass
99:Frederick Douglass
879:Civil War History
780:Calderhead (1977)
601:978-0-300-19200-1
365:slave-ship mutiny
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279:39.2863; -76.6283
203:Civil War History
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187:Joseph S. Donovan
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381:References
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262:39°17′11″N
237:Slave jail
221:Lost Cause
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899:1533-6271
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626:890614581
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109:Biography
948:33033678
936:(1933).
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548:3 May
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