605:
framework also permitted ACMA to initiate an 'own-motion' investigation into potentially prohibited content. The framework was designed to be consistent with the national classifications system (the Code and
Classification Guidelines established by the Classification (Publications, Films and Computer Games) Act 1995). Through this mechanism of establishing what content is prohibited or possibly prohibited, ACMA effectively creates a "blacklist" of content to which Internet service providers must deny users access.
282:, the Telecommunications Act 1997, the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999 and the Radiocommunications Act 1992. There are another 22 Acts to which the agency responds in such areas as spam, the Do Not Call Register and interactive gambling. The ACMA also creates and administers more than 523 legislative instruments including radiocommunications, spam and telecommunications regulations; and license area plans for free-to-air broadcasters.
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and information economy. Moreover, there are new platforms, applications, business models, value chains and forms of social interaction available with more to come in what is a dynamic, innovative environment. Other challenges for regulators include cross-jurisdictional issues and the need for engagement and collaboration with stakeholders locally, regionally and internationally.
630:. Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks, obtained the blacklist after the ACMA blocked several WikiLeaks pages following their publication of the Danish blacklist. Assange said that "This week saw Australia joining China and the United Arab Emirates as the only countries censoring WikiLeaks." Three lists purporting to be from the ACMA were published online over a seven-day period.
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said that the leaked list "constitutes a condensed encyclopedia of depravity and potentially very dangerous material". Stephen Conroy said the list was not the real blacklist and described its leak and publication as "grossly irresponsible" and that it undermined efforts to improve "cyber safety". He
608:
This framework was amended further in 2007 by the
Communications Legislation Amendment (Content Services) Act (2007) as Schedule 5 only applied to stored content made available over the Internet but did not apply easily to "ephemeral" content such as streamed material. A new schedule (schedule 7) was
456:
If prohibited online content is found in
Australia, it is issued with a take-down notice after being formally classified; if it is hosted overseas it is notified to optional end-user Family Friendly Filters that are accredited by industry through the Internet Industry Association (these are available
444:
The ACMA Hotline is one of a global network of international bodies within INHOPE – the
International Association of Internet Hotlines that exchange information on child abuse images, pinpointing the hosting countries to help eradicate them from the web. INHOPE consists of 44 members in 38 countries,
604:
The key element to the framework was the establishment of a complaints mechanism under Part 4 of the
Schedule. Members of the public could complain to ACMA about offensive material online, ACMA could investigate, and then notify Internet service providers to prevent access to prohibited content. The
309:
Many of the controls on the production and distribution of content and the provision of telecommunications services through licensing or other subsidiary arrangements, or by standards and codes (whether co-regulatory or self-regulatory) are subject to revision and adaptation to the networked society
305:
Communications convergence is the merging of the previously distinct services by which information is communicated – telephone, television (free-to-air and subscription) radio and newspapers – over digital platforms. ACMA also works with industry and citizens to solve new concerns and mitigate risks
521:
which prohibits the sending of unsolicited commercial electronic messages with an
Australian link. A message has an Australian link if it originates, or was authorised, in Australia, or if the message was accessed in Australia. Anyone who sends commercial email, SMS, or instant messages must ensure
657:
Conroy initially denied that the list published on WikiLeaks and the ACMA blacklist were the same, saying "This is not the ACMA blacklist." He stated that the leaked list was alleged to be current on 6 August 2008 and contained 2,400 URLs, where the ACMA blacklist for the same date contained 1,061
472:
During
National Child Protection Week 2013, the ACMA Hotline conducted 418 investigations involving over 4,700 images of abused children to Australian police agencies or through the INHOPE international network for action overseas. During the week, the ACMA announced it is now working more closely
669:
In an estimates hearing of the
Australian Federal Government on 25 May 2009 it was revealed that the leak was taken so seriously that it was referred to the Australian Federal Police for investigation. It was further stated that distribution of further updates to the list have been withheld until
661:
Conroy's denial was called into doubt by the
Internet Industry Association (IIA), who publicly condemned the publishing of the list, chief executive Peter Coroneos saying, "No reasonable person could countenance the publication of links which promote access to child abuse images, irrespective of
464:
Popularly held misconceptions about the ACMA's regulatory role include that it investigates and takes action on whole websites (it investigates specific URLs, images or files) and that the ACMA causes blocking of content at an ISP level (it notifies overseas hosted content to optional end-user
313:
ACMA has developed a 'converged communications regulator' framework which seeks to bring to the global discussion a 'common ground' to deliver outcomes in the public interest. The four cornerstone parts to the framework, each divided into two sub-streams, are outlined below along with the main
633:
The leaked list, which was reported to have been obtained from a manufacturer of internet filtering software, contained 2395 sites. Approximately half of the sites on the list were not related to child pornography, and included online gambling sites, YouTube pages, gay, straight, and fetish
468:
In
February 2013, the ACMA and Australian Federal Police announced a new agreement for sharing of information about serious child abuse material, including an arrangement whereby the ACMA can report content through INHOPE based on where content may be produced, as well as where it is hosted
658:
URLs. He added that the ACMA advised that there were URLs on the leaked list that had never been the subject of a complaint or ACMA investigation, and had never been included on the ACMA blacklist. He was backed up by ISP Tech 2U, one of six ISPs involved in filtering technology trials.
265:
ACMA is responsible for collecting broadcasting, radiocommunication and telecommunication taxes, and regulating Australian media. It does this through various legislation, regulations, standards and codes of practice. ACMA is a converged regulator, created to oversee the convergence of
274:
ACMA is an independent government agency managed by an executive team comprising the Chair (who is also the Agency Head), Deputy Chair (who is also the chief executive officer). ACMA collects revenue on behalf of the Australian Government through broadcasting, radiocommunications and
581:
a notification requirement, which requires carriers and nominated carriage service providers to tell Government of any proposed changes to their telecommunications systems or services that are likely to have a material adverse effect on their capacity to comply with their security
306:
arising in the evolving networked society and information economy, recognizing that Australians are interacting with digital communications and content in changing ways. Not only does ACMA address a wide range of responsibilities, it does so against a backdrop of rapid change.
460:
The ACMA publishes comprehensive statistics and information about the ACMA Hotline on its website. The majority of investigations the ACMA conducts concern online child sexual abuse material. Complaints to the ACMA Hotline are usually made via a webform on the ACMA's website.
275:
telecommunications taxes, charges and license fees. It also collects revenue from price-based allocation of spectrum. The corporate structure comprises four divisions – Communications Infrastructure, Content, Consumer and Citizen, Corporate and Research, and Legal Services.
498:
calls and marketing faxes to individuals who have indicated they do not want to receive such calls by registering their private and domestic telephone (including mobile) and fax numbers on the Register. The scheme has been in operation since May 2007. Since mid-2013,
457:
at cost from ISPs). All potentially illegal content is reported by the ACMA to law enforcement in Australia, or, in the case of child sexual abuse material hosted overseas, through INHOPE for rapid police notification and take-down in the host country.
1146:
617:
web site. There was a controversy that the material hosted by Whirlpool was the response notification from ACMA stating that the website had been blacklisted (the notice included the address of the website that had been blacklisted).
612:
On 10 March 2009, the ACMA issued an "interim link-deletion notice" to Bulletproof Networks, an Australian web-hosting company, on the grounds that Whirlpool, a customer of Bulletproof Networks, posted a link to a blacklisted,
634:
pornography sites, Knowledge (XXG) entries, euthanasia sites, websites of fringe religions, Christian sites, and even the websites of a tour operator and a Queensland dentist. Colin Jacobs, spokesman for lobby group
1235:
665:
Conroy later claimed the leaked blacklist published on WikiLeaks closely resembled the official blacklist, admitting that the latest list (dated 18 March) "seemed to be close" to ACMA's current blacklist.
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904:
53:
578:
a security obligation, which requires carriers and carriage service providers to protect their networks and facilities against threats to national security from unauthorised access or interference
585:
the ability for Government to obtain more detailed information from carriers and carriage service providers in certain circumstances to support the work of the Critical Infrastructure Centre, and
1150:
2847:
2817:
805:
1332:
1291:
3043:
2646:
588:
the ability for Government to intervene and issue directions in cases in cases where there are significant national security concerns that cannot be addressed through other means.
525:
Members of the public are able to make complaints and reports about commercial electronic messages to ACMA which may conduct formal investigations and take enforcement actions.
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450:
2859:
2787:
2772:
735:
1197:
3068:
2934:
1243:
544:
access sensitive personal information stored on the computer such as resumes, sensitive documents, photographs/videos, and banking and other login or password details
533:
The ACMA developed the Australian Internet Security Initiative (AISI) to help address the problem of computers being compromised by the surreptitious installation of
987:
522:
that the message is sent with consent, contains sender identification and contact information and includes a functional unsubscribe facility. Some exemptions apply.
2752:
2737:
729:
380:– doing the 'day job' of the regulatory agency with effective and efficient regulatory administration and operations coupled with extensive stakeholder engagement:
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2777:
912:
638:, said that there was no mechanism for a site operator to know they got onto the list or to request to be removed from it. Australia's Communications Minister,
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3058:
3017:
2924:
2562:
2534:
2529:
1554:
745:
1358:
1209:
100:
3063:
2747:
441:, content is assessed with reference to the same criteria within the National Classification Scheme that applies to films and computer games in Australia.
72:
3073:
3012:
2767:
2639:
834:
670:
recipients can improve their security. Nerida O'Laughlin of the ACMA confirmed that the list has been reviewed and as of 30 April consists of 997 URLs.
3038:
2900:
2757:
255:
79:
809:
601:. The Australian Broadcasting Authority was responsible for managing and enforcing the framework, and this responsibility passed to ACMA in 2005.
433:
The ACMA administers a complaints mechanism for Australian residents and law enforcement agencies to report prohibited online content, including
340:– adapting the organization to the changing world of convergence by ensuring a structural fit with convergence and a focus on agency innovation:
2895:
2556:
1301:
1070:
690:(section 26) and, under part 3 of the Act, gave the Commissioner responsibility for managing and enforcing the online content scheme (part 9).
408:
Regulating compliance with the relevant legislation, license conditions, codes of practice, standards, service guarantees and other safeguards.
86:
1455:
1434:
1389:
320:– active engagement with the currents of change and proactive development of responses through thought leadership and regulatory development:
2632:
2551:
2541:
2521:
2323:
755:
422:
3053:
2762:
388:
68:
872:, Parliamentary paper (Australia. Parliament) (2005/2006, PP no. 199 of 2006), Melbourne: Australian Communications and Media Authority,
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2730:
2546:
2392:
2827:
2318:
1479:
476:
The ACMA's online role is not connected to ISP blocking 'worst of the worst' child abuse material, which was operated by ISPs and the
1048:
2412:
1096:
775:
537:(malware). 'Malware' enables a computer to be controlled remotely for illegal and harmful activities without the owner's knowledge.
259:
178:
119:
3078:
2822:
2197:
1745:
1547:
740:
333:
Research and analysis to examine the effectiveness of current regulation and to provide evidence-informed regulatory development.
2867:
2853:
2841:
2679:
2308:
1121:
943:
3007:
2704:
2303:
1854:
679:
635:
626:
On 19 March 2009 it was reported that the ACMA's blacklist of banned sites had been leaked online, and had been published by
598:
438:
279:
57:
938:
597:
In 2000, a legislative framework for online content regulation was established by adding a new schedule (schedule 5) to the
93:
2328:
995:
2613:
2872:
2674:
2655:
2603:
2364:
2261:
1804:
1571:
965:
402:
2960:
2939:
2593:
2100:
1540:
434:
394:
Resolving competing demands for spectrum through broadcasting license arrangements and price-based allocation methods.
554:'. Among other things, botnets are used to help with the mass distribution of spam and other malware, the hosting of
654:, and that Australians involved in making the content available would be at "serious risk of criminal prosecution".
650:
said that ACMA was investigating the incident and considering a range of possible actions including referral to the
2954:
2929:
2905:
2782:
2452:
2374:
2313:
2020:
1276:
347:
Evidence-based reporting on industry performance, service offerings, consumer benefits, levels of adoption and use.
864:
Australian Communications and Media Authority.; Australia. Office of the Children's eSafety Commissioner. (2006),
842:
46:
2720:
2684:
2224:
2185:
2030:
1930:
1859:
1792:
1619:
750:
651:
477:
446:
453:(USA), Cyberia (Canada), Friendly Runlet Foundation (Russian Federation) and the Internet Hotline Center Japan.
2944:
2809:
2583:
1825:
1760:
1713:
1599:
398:
17:
1413:
2997:
2987:
2908:
2725:
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2407:
2251:
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2125:
2025:
1703:
1589:
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683:
248:
194:
1366:
3002:
2792:
2689:
2344:
2130:
1945:
1890:
1885:
1698:
1663:
687:
370:
Administering contracts for phone services for people who are deaf or have a hearing or speech impediment.
2246:
2050:
2015:
1935:
1915:
1837:
1725:
1646:
1017:
387:
Managing access to the radiofrequency spectrum bands through radiocommunications licensing, including
2160:
2120:
2090:
1847:
1782:
1673:
1418:
646:
489:
2966:
2170:
2110:
1869:
1831:
1688:
1629:
1614:
1465:
251:
384:
Regulating telecommunications and broadcasting services, internet content and datacasting services
2992:
2397:
2354:
2285:
2155:
2085:
2060:
1995:
1842:
1563:
1324:
534:
1527:
783:
2437:
2359:
2273:
2256:
2219:
2105:
2065:
1895:
1864:
1730:
1624:
1172:
873:
2442:
2402:
2382:
2349:
2278:
2236:
2150:
2005:
1990:
1965:
1940:
1900:
1750:
1609:
1604:
1594:
707:
1490:
609:
introduced to regulate this content consistently with the national classifications system.
2699:
2694:
2070:
1925:
1693:
1656:
1460:
642:
later blamed the addition of the dentist's website to the blacklist on the "Russian mob".
1668:
480:. In July 2015, this function moved to the Office of the Children's safety Commissioner.
494:
ACMA operates Australia's Do Not Call Register, which is a scheme to reduce unsolicited
2268:
2140:
2115:
2075:
2045:
1920:
1755:
1641:
1439:
1296:
1071:"ACMA conducts record number of investigations into online child sexual abuse material"
1054:
639:
3032:
2417:
2190:
2180:
2095:
1985:
1980:
1970:
1955:
1777:
1636:
614:
571:
The Telecommunications Sector Security Reform (TSSR) commenced on 18 September 2018.
518:
512:
495:
360:– through resource and program management with fully effective corporate governance:
353:
Evidence-based approach to tracking industry performance during digital TV transition
473:
with CrimeStoppers in Australia to make it easier to report illegal online content.
2669:
2295:
2135:
2080:
2010:
1975:
1910:
1809:
1799:
1651:
721:
373:
Developing and implementing a corporate governance framework and ICT strategic plan
1359:"Stephen Conroy says leaked list of banned websites 'seems like ACMA's blacklist'"
2495:
2145:
2055:
2040:
2000:
1960:
1819:
35:
2624:
1262:
411:
Promoting and facilitating industry self-regulatory and co-regulatory solutions
2500:
2207:
1905:
1814:
1770:
1740:
1718:
1708:
1683:
808:(Report). Australian Public Service Commission. September 2016. Archived from
697:
973:
877:
2485:
1950:
1765:
627:
290:
776:"CA 9024: an Communications and Media Authority, Central Office, Canberra"
2971:
2480:
2470:
2387:
2212:
2035:
555:
364:
Development and implementation of a national cybersafe education program.
286:
266:
telecommunications, broadcasting, radio communications and the internet.
715:
2475:
2460:
1394:
1257:
865:
551:
141:
2505:
2465:
1787:
1579:
1532:
500:
330:
Updating spectrum management tools for spectrum sharing technologies.
294:
437:. Within the scheme, which operates under Schedules 5 and 7 of the
2490:
2427:
1735:
1328:
1261:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
1236:"Government Provides 5G Security Guidance To Australian Carriers"
414:
Informing industry and consumers about communications regulation.
2432:
559:
2628:
1536:
662:
their motivation, which in this case appears to be political."
1678:
1022:
National Association for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect
429:
ACMA Hotline for reporting offensive or illegal online content
29:
2788:
Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC)
1025:
1520:
1489:. Australian Parliament House. 25 May 2009. Archived from
547:
gain remote access to the computer's camera and microphone
278:
ACMA has responsibilities under four principal Acts – the
230:
2860:
Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission (IBAC)
258:. ACMA was formed on 1 July 2005 with the merger of the
1263:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
1147:"Salmat Digital awarded Do Not Call Register contract"
1390:"Conroy admits blacklist error, blames 'Russian mob'"
1414:"Leaked blacklist irresponsible, inaccurate: Conroy"
2980:
2950:
Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity
2917:
2883:
2801:
2713:
2662:
2514:
2451:
2373:
2337:
2294:
2235:
2169:
1878:
1570:
550:
form part of a larger group of computers known as '
529:
Australian Internet Security Initiative and malware
324:
Reviewing industry standards and codes of practice.
225:
208:
200:
190:
171:
153:
148:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2773:Australian Securities & Investments Commission
1047:
451:National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children
419:Representing Australia's interests internationally
1456:"A Blacklist for Websites Backfires in Australia"
1097:"Internet filter backflip is an opportunity lost"
839:The Australian Communications and Media Authority
736:Australian Commercial Television Code of Practice
2935:Australian Customs and Border Protection Service
2753:Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
1279:(Report). Commonwealth of Australia. p. 34.
730:Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
567:Telecommunications Sector Security Reform (TSSR)
344:Creating resilience through capability training.
69:"Australian Communications and Media Authority"
18:Australian Communications & Media Authority
2891:Australian Defence Force Investigative Service
1407:
1405:
1352:
1350:
1277:National Classifications Scheme Review (DP 77)
682:were repealed as part of the enactment of the
3044:Commonwealth Government agencies of Australia
2778:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
2743:Australian Communications and Media Authority
2640:
1548:
1126:Office of the Children's eSafety Commissioner
899:
897:
895:
829:
827:
350:Administration of spam intelligence database.
262:and the Australian Communications Authority.
241:Australian Communications and Media Authority
135:Australian Communications and Media Authority
8:
2925:Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service
1210:"Telecommunications sector security reforms"
746:List of telecommunications regulatory bodies
503:has managed the Register on behalf of ACMA.
134:
2836:Independent Commissioner Against Corruption
2748:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
2563:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1179:. Canberra: Federal Register of Legislation
645:Associate professor Bjorn Landfeldt of the
2768:Australian Prudential Regulation Authority
2647:
2633:
2625:
2599:
1555:
1541:
1533:
1198:unsolicited commercial electronic messages
1122:"Offensive and illegal content complaints"
2901:Royal Australian Corps of Military Police
2848:Independent Commission Against Corruption
2818:Independent Commission Against Corruption
2758:Australian Fisheries Management Authority
1275:Australian Law Reform Commission (2011).
1149:. ACMA. 22 September 2014. Archived from
932:
930:
558:sites and distributed denial of service (
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Australian government statutory authority
3069:Government agencies established in 2005
937:Hutchinson, James (10 September 2013).
767:
367:Administering the Do Not Call Register.
1292:"ACMA takes aim at Whirlpool supplier"
1095:Hutchinson, James (20 November 2012).
1069:Christensen, Nic (10 September 2013).
988:"ACMA Online Investigation Statistics"
939:"Coping with the internet's worst job"
517:ACMA is responsible for enforcing the
133:
2670:Australian Capital Territory Policing
1335:from the original on 11 February 2010
756:International Telecommunication Union
423:International Telecommunication Union
7:
2763:Australian Maritime Safety Authority
2609:
401:and minimizing radio communications
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3084:Regulatory authorities of Australia
3059:Consumer organisations in Australia
2738:National Anti-Corruption Commission
1454:Luscombe, Belinda (27 March 2009).
593:Role in Internet content regulation
574:TSSR introduces four new measures:
327:Developing more flexible licensing.
314:functions of ACMA under each task.
285:ACMA's main offices are located in
183:Australian Communications Authority
3064:Entertainment rating organizations
3013:Police tactical units in Australia
2828:Law Enforcement Conduct Commission
806:APS Statistical Bulletin 2015–2016
678:In 2021, Schedules 5 and 7 of the
25:
3074:Mass media complaints authorities
1325:"Wikileaks spills ACMA blacklist"
260:Australian Broadcasting Authority
218:Creina Chapman, Deputy Chair, CEO
179:Australian Broadcasting Authority
3039:2005 establishments in Australia
2823:New South Wales Crime Commission
2608:
2598:
2589:
2588:
2577:
2198:Free-space optical communication
1256:
1049:"ACMA fights online child abuse"
1018:"National Child Protection Week"
841:. 19 August 2018. Archived from
741:Internet censorship in Australia
714:
700:
140:
34:
3018:Reasonable and probable grounds
2868:Corruption and Crime Commission
2842:Crime and Corruption Commission
2802:State and Territory authorities
2680:Northern Territory Police Force
1435:"Blacklisted websites revealed"
1101:The Australian Financial Review
944:The Australian Financial Review
45:needs additional citations for
3008:Mass surveillance in Australia
2808:Australian Capital Territory:
2705:Western Australia Police Force
1433:Moses, Asher (19 March 2009).
1412:MacBean, Nic (19 March 2009).
1388:Moses, Asher (27 March 2009).
1240:minister.communications.gov.au
780:National Archives of Australia
680:Broadcasting Services Act 1992
636:Electronic Frontiers Australia
599:Broadcasting Services Act 1992
439:Broadcasting Services Act 1992
280:Broadcasting Services Act 1992
1:
1357:Lake, Chloe (25 March 2009).
1234:NCarnovale (23 August 2018).
970:Internet Industry Association
2873:Gold Stealing Detection Unit
2675:New South Wales Police Force
2656:Law enforcement in Australia
2584:Telecommunication portal
2365:Telecommunications equipment
1480:"Official Committee Hansard"
1323:Tung, Liam (19 March 2009).
3054:Communications in Australia
2961:Police Integrity Commission
2940:Australian Crime Commission
2101:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1290:Foo, Fran (13 March 2009).
686:. This Act established the
445:with members including the
435:child sexual abuse material
3100:
3049:Communications authorities
2955:Office of Police Integrity
2930:Australian Customs Service
2906:Royal Australian Air Force
2896:Joint Military Police Unit
2783:Australian Taxation Office
1805:Telecommunications history
510:
487:
2721:Australian Federal Police
2685:Queensland Police Service
2572:
2413:Public Switched Telephone
2225:telecommunication circuit
2186:Fiber-optic communication
1931:Francis Blake (telephone)
1726:Optical telecommunication
1487:Commonwealth of Australia
966:"Family-Friendly-Program"
751:Pirate radio in Australia
652:Australian Federal Police
478:Australian Federal Police
447:Internet Watch Foundation
139:
2945:National Crime Authority
2810:ACT Integrity Commission
2324:Orbital angular-momentum
1761:Satellite communications
1600:Communications satellite
399:radio-frequency spectrum
256:Communications portfolio
215:Nerida O'Loughlin, Chair
3079:Mass media in Australia
2998:Punishment in Australia
2988:Australian police ranks
2909:Airfield Defence Guards
2731:Maritime Border Command
2726:Australian Border Force
2203:Molecular communication
2026:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1855:Undersea telegraph line
1590:Cable protection system
389:amateur radio licensing
338:Transforming the agency
195:Government of Australia
3003:Terrorism in Australia
2793:Commonwealth Ombudsman
2690:South Australia Police
2345:Communication protocol
2131:Charles Sumner Tainter
1946:Walter Houser Brattain
1891:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1699:Information revolution
1528:Search ACMA's database
866:"About ACMA CHAPTER 1"
684:Online Safety Act 2021
674:Online Safety Act 2021
562:) attacks on websites.
397:Regulating use of the
358:Major program delivery
318:Bridging to the future
301:Convergence and change
159:; 19 years ago
2319:Polarization-division
2051:Narinder Singh Kapany
2016:Erna Schneider Hoover
1936:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1916:Alexander Graham Bell
1647:online video platform
622:ACMA blacklist leaked
249:Australian government
2854:Integrity Commission
2834:Northern Territory:
2161:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2121:Almon Brown Strowger
2091:Charles Grafton Page
1746:Prepaid mobile phone
1674:Electrical telegraph
880:, nla.obj-1166929746
688:eSafety Commissioner
647:University of Sydney
490:Do Not Call Register
484:Do Not Call Register
378:Effective regulation
54:improve this article
2967:Commonwealth Police
2864:Western Australia:
2111:Johann Philipp Reis
1870:Wireless revolution
1832:The Telephone Cases
1689:Hydraulic telegraph
998:on 12 February 2014
845:on 19 February 2017
835:"Authority members"
252:statutory authority
136:
2993:Crime in Australia
2309:Frequency-division
2286:Telephone exchange
2156:Charles Wheatstone
2086:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2061:Innocenzo Manzetti
1996:Reginald Fessenden
1731:Optical telegraphy
1564:Telecommunications
1246:on 8 December 2019
1214:homeaffairs.gov.au
1177:legislation.gov.au
1153:on 19 October 2014
976:on 13 August 2013.
905:"ACMA Hotline FAQ"
786:on 9 December 2013
535:malicious software
172:Preceding agencies
3026:
3025:
2884:Military agencies
2846:South Australia:
2814:New South Wales:
2622:
2621:
2360:Store and forward
2355:Data transmission
2269:Network switching
2220:Transmission line
2066:Guglielmo Marconi
2031:Internet pioneers
1896:Mohamed M. Atalla
1865:Whistled language
1496:on 2 October 2009
1468:on 28 March 2009.
1304:on 10 August 2017
1028:on 10 August 2017
888:– via Trove
237:
236:
209:Agency executives
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3091:
2918:Defunct agencies
2714:Federal agencies
2649:
2642:
2635:
2626:
2612:
2611:
2602:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2453:Notable networks
2443:Wireless network
2383:Cellular network
2375:Types of network
2350:Computer network
2237:Network topology
2151:Thomas A. Watson
2006:Oliver Heaviside
1991:Philo Farnsworth
1966:Daniel Davis Jr.
1941:Charles Bourseul
1901:John Logie Baird
1610:Data compression
1605:Computer network
1557:
1550:
1543:
1534:
1524:
1523:
1521:Official website
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1495:
1484:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1464:. Archived from
1451:
1445:
1444:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1369:on 27 March 2009
1365:. Archived from
1354:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1300:. Archived from
1287:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1242:. Archived from
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1024:. Archived from
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
994:. Archived from
984:
978:
977:
972:. Archived from
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
934:
925:
924:
922:
920:
911:. Archived from
901:
890:
889:
887:
885:
861:
855:
854:
852:
850:
831:
822:
821:
819:
817:
802:
796:
795:
793:
791:
782:. Archived from
772:
724:
719:
718:
710:
708:Australia portal
705:
704:
703:
233:
167:
165:
160:
144:
137:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3022:
2976:
2913:
2879:
2797:
2709:
2700:Victoria Police
2695:Tasmania Police
2663:Police agencies
2658:
2653:
2623:
2618:
2578:
2576:
2568:
2510:
2447:
2369:
2333:
2290:
2239:
2231:
2172:
2165:
2071:Robert Metcalfe
1926:Tim Berners-Lee
1874:
1694:Information Age
1566:
1561:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1473:
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1448:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1387:
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1372:
1370:
1356:
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1348:
1338:
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1322:
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1317:
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1289:
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1273:
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1233:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1173:"Spam Act 2003"
1171:
1170:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1001:
999:
986:
985:
981:
964:
963:
959:
949:
947:
936:
935:
928:
918:
916:
915:on 25 June 2013
903:
902:
893:
883:
881:
863:
862:
858:
848:
846:
833:
832:
825:
815:
813:
804:
803:
799:
789:
787:
774:
773:
769:
764:
720:
713:
706:
701:
699:
696:
676:
624:
595:
569:
531:
515:
509:
492:
486:
431:
303:
272:
229:
221:
186:
163:
161:
158:
149:Agency overview
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3097:
3095:
3087:
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3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
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3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
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3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2978:
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2975:
2974:
2969:
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2341:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2304:Space-division
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2266:
2265:
2264:
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2233:
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2227:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:Camille Tissot
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2116:Claude Shannon
2113:
2108:
2106:Tivadar Puskás
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2076:Antonio Meucci
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2046:Charles K. Kao
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2021:Harold Hopkins
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1921:Emile Berliner
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1860:Videotelephony
1857:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1835:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1796:
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1775:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1758:
1756:Radiotelephone
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
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1686:
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1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:Internet video
1634:
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1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
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1568:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1514:
1513:External links
1511:
1508:
1507:
1471:
1446:
1440:Brisbane Times
1425:
1401:
1380:
1346:
1315:
1297:The Australian
1282:
1267:
1226:
1201:
1190:
1164:
1138:
1113:
1087:
1061:
1055:The Australian
1039:
1009:
979:
957:
926:
891:
856:
823:
797:
766:
765:
763:
760:
759:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
726:
725:
711:
695:
692:
675:
672:
640:Stephen Conroy
623:
620:
594:
591:
590:
589:
586:
583:
579:
568:
565:
564:
563:
548:
545:
530:
527:
511:Main article:
508:
505:
488:Main article:
485:
482:
430:
427:
416:
415:
412:
409:
406:
395:
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385:
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128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3096:
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3042:
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3037:
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3034:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
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2661:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2638:
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2631:
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2627:
2615:
2607:
2605:
2597:
2595:
2587:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
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2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
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2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
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2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
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2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
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2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2329:Code-division
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Time-division
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:and switching
2238:
2234:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2191:optical fiber
2189:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2181:Coaxial cable
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:Radia Perlman
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Lee de Forest
1984:
1982:
1981:Thomas Edison
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Donald Davies
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Claude Chappe
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
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1899:
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1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Smoke signals
1798:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1778:Semiconductor
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
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1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:Digital media
1635:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1606:
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1598:
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1492:
1488:
1481:
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1467:
1463:
1462:
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1397:
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1347:
1334:
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1303:
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1271:
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1259:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
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2840:Queensland:
2742:
2296:Multiplexing
2171:Transmission
2136:Nikola Tesla
2126:Henry Sutton
2081:Samuel Morse
2011:Robert Hooke
1976:Amos Dolbear
1911:John Bardeen
1830:
1810:Telautograph
1714:Mobile phone
1669:Edholm's law
1652:social media
1585:Broadcasting
1498:. Retrieved
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52:Please help
47:verification
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2496:NPL network
2208:Radio waves
2146:Alfred Vail
2056:Hedy Lamarr
2041:Dawon Kahng
2001:Elisha Gray
1961:Yogen Dalal
1886:Nasir Ahmed
1820:Teleprinter
1684:Heliographs
1500:18 February
1363:News.com.au
1339:18 February
1331:Australia.
1308:18 February
1002:10 February
884:30 November
254:within the
231:acma.gov.au
164:1 July 2005
157:1 July 2005
3033:Categories
2957:(Victoria)
2858:Victoria:
2852:Tasmania:
2542:Antarctica
2501:Toasternet
2423:Television
1906:Paul Baran
1838:Television
1822:(teletype)
1815:Telegraphy
1793:transistor
1771:Phryctoria
1741:Photophone
1719:Smartphone
1709:Mass media
1250:6 November
1219:6 November
1183:6 February
1157:15 October
790:9 December
762:References
582:obligation
465:filters).
449:(UK), the
80:newspapers
2526:Americas
2515:Locations
2486:Internet2
2247:Bandwidth
1951:Vint Cerf
1848:streaming
1826:Telephone
1766:Semaphore
1657:streaming
1106:10 August
1080:10 August
1075:Mumbrella
1032:10 August
950:10 August
919:18 August
878:1834-0776
816:3 January
628:WikiLeaks
291:Melbourne
201:Employees
110:July 2012
2972:CrimTrac
2594:Category
2481:Internet
2471:CYCLADES
2388:Ethernet
2338:Concepts
2262:terminal
2213:wireless
2036:Bob Kahn
1879:Pioneers
1704:Internet
1595:Cable TV
1419:ABC News
1333:Archived
694:See also
556:phishing
507:Spam Act
287:Canberra
247:) is an
2614:Commons
2604:Outline
2557:Oceania
2476:FidoNet
2461:ARPANET
2274:circuit
1843:digital
1572:History
1395:The Age
1373:1 April
1131:8 March
849:1 March
552:botnets
226:Website
162: (
94:scholar
2981:Topics
2552:Europe
2522:Africa
2506:Usenet
2466:BITNET
2403:Mobile
2279:packet
1788:MOSFET
1783:device
1580:Beacon
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295:Sydney
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2530:North
2491:JANET
2428:Telex
2418:Radio
2257:Nodes
2252:Links
2173:media
1751:Radio
1736:Pager
1664:Drums
1630:video
1625:image
1615:audio
1494:(PDF)
1483:(PDF)
1329:ZDNet
421:(see
101:JSTOR
87:books
2547:Asia
2433:UUCP
2393:ISDN
1502:2010
1461:Time
1375:2009
1341:2010
1310:2010
1252:2019
1221:2019
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1159:2014
1133:2017
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1004:2014
992:ACMA
952:2017
921:2013
909:ACMA
886:2021
874:ISSN
851:2017
818:2017
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560:DDoS
293:and
245:ACMA
239:The
73:news
2438:WAN
2408:NGN
2398:LAN
1679:Fax
1620:DCT
204:445
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