1040:
believed you when you said that judges should be appointed, not elected. We believed you when you said that the
Westminster system ensures that the government is accountable to the people. We believed you when you taught us that integral to the Westminster system is a head of state who is above politics. We believed you when you said that, as with the judiciary, Government House must also be a political-free zone. We believed you when you said that it is not important that the Crown has greater powers and that what was important was that the Crown denies those powers to the politicians ...
1156:
5607:
1219:
300:
1079:, claimed that Australians would doff their hat to no man and call no biped master. Now the best the conservative wing of the republican leadership can offer the people is an appointed president—a president palatable to the major parties. Their justification is pure scaremongering ... What are they frightened of? Do they fear a creative tension in the political system, or is it more that they fear giving up their power or their loss of influence?
42:
1268:
1170:
555:(ARM) attended the convention. ARM was established in July 1991 and comprised distinguished Australian intellectuals, politicians and former politicians, business people, students and other citizens who supported an Australian republic. A number of Australian Labor Party supporters and members were attracted to the organisation, though its leader from 1993 to 2000 was future Liberal Prime Minister
455:
914:
902:
1094:
United States. We think the French arrangement, where executive power is shared in a very confused fashion between the
President and the Prime Minister, is the worst of all options. So I would say that we either go to Dublin for a directly elected president or we go to Washington; the Paris option, for the reasons advanced by Mr (Bob) Carr, is not on.
690:, Australia's first Aboriginal parliamentarian, who ended his contribution to the Convention with a Jagera Tribal Sorry Chant in sadness at the deception practised by republicans. The Republican Model, as well as a proposal for a new Constitutional Preamble which would have included the "honouring" of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders.
1204:
1252:
893:, and originally submitted to the Republic Advisory Committee in 1993, was the second most popular model of the four voted upon. Republican delegates Clem Jones, Ted Mack, Pat O'Shane, Paul Tully and Paddy O'Brien held out for greater change to the Constitution than the more minimalist model ultimately proposed.
1109:
All conservatives here should realise that they will never get a better result out of a convention than they have done here. It will certainly be no less difficult for a tyrant to abuse the office of Prime
Minister or president. That is fundamental; we all agree. The preamble has been voided of legal
996:
It is commonly said that all this argument is about is whether we want an
Australian as our head of state. If that were all we wanted, one of the options to fix it would be an Australian monarchy but, in truth, the problem is more the concept of monarchy itself. The temper of the times is democratic;
942:
It will ultimately be for the
Australian people to resolve this theoretical conflict between our history and present day constitutional reality – to decide whether removing the symbolism which many see as inappropriate in our present arrangements – counts more than the stability and inherent strength
929:
In his address to the opening session of the
Convention, Liberal Prime Minister John Howard outlined his support for retaining the status quo on the basis that it has provided a long period of stability and said he believed that the "separation of the ceremonial and executive functions of government"
859:
The
Convention recommended that state parliaments also examine the issue of the republic, as each state has separate and individual constitutional links to the monarchy. Certain recommendations were made for a new Constitutional preamble which included introductory language along the lines of "we the
851:
which must gain a two-thirds majority in order to be endorsed. The president could be removed at any time by a notice in writing signed by the Prime
Minister, however if the House of Representatives failed to ratify this dismissal, the president would be eligible for re-appointment. The powers of the
622:
joined the organisation and membership grew to more than 30,000 registered supporters nationwide. Justice Kirby argued that a constitutional monarchy is "a system of government for those committed to effective checks on rulers and to liberal democracy". Kirby resigned from the organisation upon being
1054:
Kerry Jones, leader of
Australians for Constitutional Monarchy defended the Australian Constitution, saying "no republic model will ever offer the protection and safeguards that work so well in our current Constitution". She said her task was to "assess each republican model against the Constitution
980:
Our nation is a republic in all but name. We argue that we as a nation should recognise the reality of our small "r" republican arrangements by making the necessary adjustments to place the capping stone on that structure – a Head of State who is unambiguously
Australian – a Head of State who is one
1093:
Mr Clem Jones has proposed a directly elected model that would give the president additional powers. We believe that is not a good option. We feel that a directly elected president should either have no powers—for example, as in Ireland—or be the chief executive of the nation, as in the case of the
1019:
as distinct from the Australia of my ancestors, has a constitutional monarchy is a direct unambiguous consequence of our origins as a colony of Britain—a penal colony at that. As such, it was underwritten with the values of power, privilege, elitism, oppression and dispossession. It was blatantly
975:
Opposition Leader Kim Beazley of the Australian Labor Party advocated "minimalist" change. He described transition to a republic as "unfinished business" for Australia and said that foreigners "find it strange and anachronistic, as many Australians now clearly do, that our Head of State is not an
365:
Sitting members of the Liberal-National Party Coalition were permitted a free vote on the republican issue, while the Australian Labor Party (ALP) adopted the republican position as a matter of party policy. Senior Liberals split on the issue, with the Prime Minister, John Howard, supporting the
846:
The final communiqué recommended that Parliament establish a committee responsible for considering the nominations for the position of president and consult widely in the community and compile a shortlist for the Prime Minister. Taking into account the recommendations of the committee, the Prime
1043:
I cannot see the need for change. I cannot see how it will help my people. I cannot see how it will resolve the question of land and access to land that troubles us. I cannot see how it will ensure that indigenous people have access to the same opportunities that other Australians enjoy. Fellow
1039:
We have come to accept your laws. We have come to accept your Constitution. We have come to accept the present system. We believed you when you said that a democracy must have checks and balances. We believed you when you said that not all positions in society should be put out for election. We
991:
Liberal Treasurer Peter Costello advocated for a republic. He rejected any suggestion that Australia was not already an independent nation and said that, while the Australian Constitution works "remarkably well", it was the institution of monarchy that was the crux of his argument for change:
946:
I oppose Australia becoming a republic because I do not believe that the alternatives so far canvassed will deliver a better system of government than the one we currently have. I go further – some will deliver a worse outcome and gravely weaken our system of government. I believe that modern
1059:
I had become a constitutional monarchist—not out of my love of English blood, for my blood is actually Irish; not out of birth in the Protestant establishment, for I am actually a Catholic; not out of enthusiasm for all things royal, for I have little interest in such trivia. I had become a
938:
In my view, the only argument of substance in favour of an Australian republic is that the symbolism of Australia sharing its legal head of state with a number of other nations is no longer appropriate. As a matter of law, Elizabeth II is Queen of Australia. As a matter of indisputable
1104:
The Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, George Pell, supported change, but noted "Without support from most of the front benches of both sides of the parliament, it would be wasteful to go to a referendum." Towards the end of proceedings, he called on conservatives to support change:
1307:
A total of 152 delegates, from each state and territory and a wide diversity of backgrounds, gathered at Old Parliament House in Canberra. Seventy-six of the delegates were elected by a voluntary postal ballot. The other seventy-six were appointed by the federal government.
1030:
Indigenous delegates were divided, however. Former Senator Neville Bonner made an impassioned defence of the constitutional monarchy, describing efforts to change it as "senseless division" and a distraction from the real problems facing Australia:
1189:
1292:
1234:
1136:
held on 6 November 1999 failed to achieve the support of either a majority of voters or a majority of states. The national vote of the electors in favour of Australia becoming a republic was 45.13%, with 54.87% against. Australia remains a
830:
Three categories of model for a possible Australian republic were before the convention. They were: direct election, parliamentary election by a special majority, and appointment by a special council following prime ministerial
5979:
821:
Whether or not Australia should become a republic; which republic model should be put to the voters to consider against the current system of government; in what time frame and under what circumstances might any change be
1035:
You came to my country. You invaded my land. You took our Earth (our everything). .... And then slowly you began to change ... You began to accept that my people had rights; that they were entitled to respect ...
1020:
exclusionary. It is no wonder then that the Australian Constitution, designed to institute a constitutional monarchy as the system of government in this country, is such an inadequate and uncertain instrument as it is.
1131:
Two proposals to amend the Australian Constitution were submitted to the Australian electorate in November 1999. If approved, the referendum would have established a republican system of government in Australia.
1070:
Delegates examined various models for a republic. Independent republican delegate Phil Cleary argued the case for direct-election of a president and questioned the motivations of "conservative" republicans:
961:, Tim Fischer, of the National Party said that the Australian Constitution had delivered one of the "oldest continuous federated democracies in the world" and that changing it would be a complex operation:
315:– half elected by voluntary postal vote and half appointed by the federal government. Of the appointees, 40 were representatives of the commonwealth, state and territory parliaments. Various pro-
839:" for an Australian republic was endorsed by a majority of delegates who voted for or against the motion (monarchists and some radical-change republicans abstained from the vote). According to
835:"In principle" agreement was reached by a majority of delegates for an Australian Republic (though a minority bloc of Monarchists dissented). Following a series of votes, a proposal for a "
472:
1887:
4484:
930:
and the presence of a neutral "defender of constitutional integrity" was an advantage in government and that no republican model would be as effective in providing such an outcome as the
1044:
Australians, what is most hurtful is that after all we have learned together, after subjugating us and then freeing us, once again you are telling us that you know better. How dare you?
4689:
1089:
Malcolm Turnbull, leader of the Australian Republican Movement, cautioned against mixing the roles of President and Prime Minister in a direct election system, telling the Convention:
6070:
1110:
significance, the reserve powers are retained and, with partial codification, this will in practice make them stronger because they will become less unpredictable and less offensive.
1060:
constitutional monarchist because I was persuaded, as was Michael Kirby, that the system of government bequeathed to us by our founders is superior to any republican models proposed.
631:
as its first full-time executive director, although his membership also ceased following pre-selection as a Liberal candidate for election to the Federal Parliament in March 1996.
4653:
965:
The case for changing our mighty Constitution which has helped modernise Australia remains distant, divided and ill-defined. I say: stay with a system that works and works well.
5553:
4607:
5548:
263:
has existed since colonial times, though for much of the 20th century, the monarchy remained popular. In the early 1990s, republicanism became a significant political issue.
5911:
5518:
3742:
1150:
817:
which would remove the monarchy from a role in Australian government and law. According to the final communiqué issued by the Convention, three questions were considered:
581:
was established in 1992, after Prime Minister Keating announced his republican agenda. The organisation was called together to counter the republican movement by Justice
5573:
5538:
5533:
5523:
5513:
5463:
4617:
4369:
4271:
4147:
4083:
4048:
5528:
409:
The states all sent three representatives including their premiers and opposition leaders, while the territories were represented by their chief ministers. Premiers
323:
delegates were elected and various parliamentary and non-parliamentary delegates were appointed including state and territory leaders. The convention was chaired by
5488:
5448:
5994:
5595:
5443:
5433:
5438:
5410:
5295:
4755:
3001:
3883:
5405:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5335:
5315:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
4750:
4597:
4536:
2906:
2323:
1778:
6039:
5989:
5929:
5420:
5260:
5255:
5245:
5225:
5215:
5200:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4745:
4735:
4725:
4582:
4479:
4438:
4433:
4402:
635:
was then appointed executive director of ACM in his place. She and Lloyd Waddy led ACM through the 1998 Constitutional Convention and the 1999 referendum.
6095:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4740:
4720:
4397:
3462:
2651:
1685:
878:
that the model, and other related changes to the Constitution, supported by the convention, be put to the people in a constitutional referendum in 1999.
4306:
519:
2858:
2687:
1689:
491:
1011:
woman expressed a desire for change based on what she perceived as historical injustice and present inadequacies within the Australian Constitution:
4643:
4612:
4602:
4592:
4587:
3759:
2189:
976:
Australian". The ALP proposed appointment of a president by two-thirds majority of parliament. In his opening address, Beazley told the Convention:
836:
804:
5954:
5949:
5895:
2997:
1361:
1356:
1272:
1245:
1178:
947:
government is most workable where the essentially ceremonial functions of government are separated from the day to day executive responsibilities.
764:
608:
578:
498:
6060:
5969:
4551:
2319:
1517:
672:
6034:
4679:
4674:
4453:
4362:
3280:
157:
57:
4019:
6105:
5625:
4694:
3536:
505:
3986:
5508:
4211:
4182:
4118:
6075:
6065:
6029:
5558:
5543:
5503:
5478:
4669:
4407:
3634:
3168:
2929:
2813:
2794:
2776:
2739:
2628:
1428:
1133:
1126:
375:
340:
312:
211:
136:
5498:
5468:
4238:
2439:
5588:
5493:
5483:
5473:
4546:
3987:"First Words: A Brief History of Public Debate on a New Preamble to the Australian Constitution 1991–99 (Research Paper 16 1999–2000)"
3936:
2827:
2679:
958:
487:
5453:
3910:
6085:
5458:
4531:
3973:
3783:
3005:
2876:
2683:
2647:
2552:
1983:
1952:
1759:
1653:
864:; as well as affirmations of the law, cultural diversity, unique land and environment and democratic political system of Australia.
538:
344:
5400:
5375:
5345:
5340:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5290:
5265:
997:
we are uncomfortable with an office that appoints people by hereditary. In our society in our time we prefer appointment by merit.
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5778:
5768:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5250:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5220:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
4355:
4342:
3850:
3145:
3023:
2910:
2862:
2757:
2720:
2289:
1564:
1545:
288:
826:
Delegates advocated a range of positions from no-change to minimal change to radical change. According to the final communique:
6090:
5783:
5773:
5763:
5733:
2596:
6080:
4282:
4247:
4158:
4094:
4059:
1341:
1300:
1260:
1163:
552:
476:
304:
161:
90:
283:, though less supportive of the republic plan, promised to convene a Constitutional Convention to discuss the issue. Under
5581:
4521:
4448:
1199:(republican) attended as an appointed delegate along with all the State and Territory leaders and State opposition leaders
853:
256:
3603:
2416:
2023:
1997:
1966:
1570:
733:
725:
714:
702:
664:
660:
909:
supported the constitutional monarchy. The Liberal-National Coalition permitted their members a free vote on the issue.
512:
4638:
3141:
2136:
1155:
768:
371:
336:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5984:
5974:
5964:
5959:
5944:
5939:
5934:
4699:
4337:
3879:
3773:
3651:
3451:
3248:
3230:
1872:
1208:
668:
316:
276:
173:
465:
370:, supporting a republic. Other representatives of the government at the convention included the Attorney General,
6100:
4633:
4378:
3677:
3332:
2753:
868:
814:
391:
46:
5921:
5616:
4577:
4561:
3041:
2010:
694:
260:
234:
2355:
1181:—though he retired from the organisation prior to the Convention following his appointment as a judge of the
4541:
4505:
4469:
4392:
4278:
4154:
4090:
4055:
3788:
2382:
2077:
1182:
1138:
875:
744:, a prominent Baptist minister was elected as a representative for Victoria from the "Real Republic Group".
624:
568:
272:
252:
248:
226:
196:
115:
3813:
2342:
5612:
4704:
4526:
4500:
3708:
3485:
2566:
2315:
922:
861:
847:
Minister would then present a single nominee, seconded by the Opposition Leader to a joint sitting of the
756:
264:
17:
4443:
3793:
3557:
3410:
1371:
1223:
1218:
1174:
1008:
931:
848:
656:
582:
403:
320:
230:
203:
188:
2889:
2457:
2368:
2261:
199:(the Bipartisan Appointment Model) be adopted (73 delegates in favour, 57 against with 22 abstentions)
4428:
3778:
3470:
3445:
3427:
3340:
3317:
3284:
3265:
3234:
3217:
3199:
3153:
3126:
3104:
2302:
2162:
1836:
1638:
1241:
1227:
886:
640:
612:
596:
399:
348:
331:
4332:
2716:
2509:
2408:
2275:
299:
206:
to adopt these changes be put to the people (133 delegates in favour, 17 against with 2 abstentions)
3698:
3511:
2957:
2522:
1867:
1580:
1527:
1193:
3019:
2841:
1473:
4648:
3037:
2665:
2643:
2447:
2123:
2064:
1979:
1499:
1280:
737:
238:
3489:
3466:
3336:
3149:
3072:
3045:
2970:
2902:
2493:
2050:
1840:
1782:
1432:
939:
constitutional convention, the Governor-General has become Australia's effective head of state.
860:
Australian people", and referencing "Almighty God", custodianship and occupancy of Australia by
587:
3990:
4730:
4474:
4412:
3969:
3846:
2085:
1716:
1410:
242:
169:
4023:
3059:
2790:
2772:
2592:
2548:
1606:
1512:
1336:
1159:
890:
784:
760:
748:
676:
556:
280:
3940:
41:
3722:
3582:
2210:
1921:
1346:
4215:
4186:
4122:
651:
Smaller republican groupings included "A Just Republic", the "Real Republic" group, the
3182:
3122:
2691:
2579:
2149:
1948:
1809:
1703:
1541:
1267:
882:
808:
792:
687:
683:
592:
379:
367:
324:
3880:"Law and Justice Foundation – The Australian Republican Referendum 1999 – Ten Lessons"
843:, the vote for the Bi-Partisan model was: "for" 73, "against" 57 with 22 abstentions.
6054:
4556:
3914:
3597:
3567:
3355:
2809:
2735:
2426:
2235:
2175:
2110:
1774:
1630:
1486:
1447:
1296:
1279:(republican), was an appointed delegate. Other leading clergy in attendance included
1256:
772:
752:
604:
600:
564:
422:
395:
192:
1169:
675:. A number of individuals were elected under other grouping names, including lawyer
659:
group. Other monarchist groups included the "Constitutional Monarchists" group, the
3966:
Two Weeks in Lilliput: Bear Baiting and Backbiting At the Constitutional Convention
3736:
3613:
3551:
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3213:
2983:
2610:
2535:
2395:
2221:
2202:
2036:
1883:
1796:
1729:
1681:
1668:
1460:
1424:
1384:
1284:
1196:
1076:
788:
741:
706:
560:
434:
418:
414:
327:
268:
130:
4251:
679:("A Multi-Cultural Voice") and Misha Schubert ("Republic4U – The Youth Ticket").
214:. The proposal was not adopted, with 55% of electors voting No and 45% voting Yes
3753:
3692:
3628:
3521:
3383:
3313:
3299:
3261:
3195:
3100:
2944:
2624:
2096:
1854:
1755:
1593:
1560:
1397:
1276:
1016:
918:
906:
776:
729:
718:
710:
632:
628:
619:
572:
454:
438:
430:
387:
383:
284:
913:
3645:
3397:
2925:
2854:
2248:
1935:
1907:
1896:
1823:
1742:
780:
698:
682:
Six Indigenous delegates participated in the Convention, including magistrate
652:
426:
5606:
4347:
3662:
1649:
1237:
1188:
636:
271:
indicated a desire to instigate a republic in time for the Centenary of the
176:
and if so, under which constitutional model. The Convention concluded that:
1291:
1233:
195:
is a president endorsed by two-thirds of members at a joint sitting of the
1251:
701:
represented the group named "Constitutional Monarchists", while prominent
3441:
3369:
2332:
1211:
767:. Former Vice Regal office holders were also appointed, including former
410:
181:
165:
94:
901:
3842:
3828:
840:
479: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3843:
Report of the Constitutional Convention: Old Parliament House Canberra
709:
represented the monarchist "Safeguard the People" group and Brigadier
210:
A referendum to adopt the republican model endorsed by the Convention
559:. Prominent delegates at the Convention included media personalities
255:
adopted in 1901, with the duties of the head of state performed by a
1203:
3856:
1290:
1266:
1250:
1232:
1217:
1202:
1187:
1168:
1154:
912:
900:
298:
1075:
About the time of the last convention one of our greatest poets,
585:
and like minded constitutional monarchists including Lloyd Waddy
386:, and other Members of Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition,
4338:
The Australian Broadcasting Commission's 1998 Convention website
724:
Clergy from the major churches were appointed as delegates: the
5577:
4351:
2400:
ungrouped – Voice of Ordinary, Fair-Minded, Thinking Citizens
1015:
That modern Australia, the Australia that has developed since
448:
3937:"Parliament of Australia: House of Representatives – Members"
607:(the first Chinese-born member of an Australian Parliament),
4398:
Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia: The Legislature
4434:
Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia: The Executive
755:; legal and constitutional experts such as law professor
627:
and did not participate in the Convention. ACM recruited
3304:
Leader of the National Party of Australia in the Senate
686:, who was vocal in support of a republic and monarchist
184:(89 delegates in favour, 52 against with 11 abstentions)
111:
49 appointed by federal, state and territory parliaments
4214:. webarchive.nla.gov.au. 23 August 2006. Archived from
4185:. webarchive.nla.gov.au. 23 August 2006. Archived from
4121:. webarchive.nla.gov.au. 23 August 2006. Archived from
4022:. webarchive.nla.gov.au. 23 August 2006. Archived from
3913:. webarchive.nla.gov.au. 23 August 2006. Archived from
3496:
Attorney-General and Minister for Industrial Relations
747:
Other appointees included academics, such as historian
311:
The convention comprised 152 delegates from all of the
3911:"National Library of Australia Australian Web Archive"
3874:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3814:"Con Con 1998 and the Future of Constitutional Reform"
4654:
Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990
4246:(Speech). Australian Constitutional Convention 1998.
874:
The Convention recommended to the Prime Minister and
852:
president were to be those of the existing office of
4475:
Chapter III of the constitution of Australia: Courts
3960:
3958:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3845:(Report). Vol. 1: Report of Proceedings. 1998.
1065:
Kerry Jones, Australians for Constitutional Monarchy
813:
The Convention debated the need for a change to the
5920:
5904:
5624:
5419:
4764:
4713:
4690:
2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis
4662:
4626:
4570:
4514:
4493:
4462:
4421:
4385:
4307:"Lessons From the Republic Referendum in Australia"
2069:Clem Jones Queensland Constitutional Republic Team
1971:Clem Jones Queensland Constitutional Republic Team
1912:Clem Jones Queensland Constitutional Republic Team
867:The new Australian republic was to retain the name
123:
100:
86:
63:
53:
34:
3743:Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory
1151:1997 Australian Constitutional Convention election
655:"Queensland Constitutional Republic Team" and the
352:of the Australian Labor Party as deputy chairman.
168:from 2 to 13 February 1998. It was called by the
4084:"Constitutional Convention Hansard, 12 February"
4049:"Constitutional Convention Hansard, 13 February"
1859:ungrouped – Phil Cleary – Independent Australia
1099:Malcolm Turnbull, Australian Republican Movement
643:, was one of ACM's delegates at the Convention.
618:Later, former Labor leader and Governor General
433:(Tasmania) attended, along with chief ministers
4272:"Constitutional Convention Hansard, 3 February"
4148:"Constitutional Convention Hansard, 4 February"
1107:
1091:
1073:
1057:
1033:
1013:
994:
978:
963:
936:
291:and set the Convention date for February 1998.
191:, a republican form of government in which the
189:current monarchical constitutional arrangements
6071:Constitutional conventions (political meeting)
925:adopted the republic as official party policy.
5589:
4363:
4206:
4204:
3939:. Aph.gov.au. 24 October 1954. Archived from
837:Bipartisan Appointment of the President Model
8:
4043:
4041:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3542:Deputy Premier and Minister for Agriculture
1532:ungrouped – I Care About Australia's Future
1518:Christian Democratic Party (Fred Nile Group)
4480:Section 75 of the Constitution of Australia
4439:Section 61 of the Constitution of Australia
4403:Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia
4250:: Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from
3290:Minister for Primary Industries and Energy
1622:Greens, Bill of Rights, Indigenous Peoples
488:"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention"
259:selected by the Australian Prime Minister.
5596:
5582:
5574:
5479:(xviii) Copyrights, patents and trademarks
4768:
4547:Implied freedom of political communication
4370:
4356:
4348:
3588:Attorney-General and Minister for Justice
2472:
1315:
779:. Senior business appointees included Sir
667:with elected representatives included the
174:whether Australia should become a republic
663:and "Safeguard the People". Other minor
539:Learn how and when to remove this message
180:Australia should, in principle, become a
150:1998 Australian Constitutional Convention
35:1998 Australian Constitutional Convention
18:Australian Constitutional Convention 1998
4644:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942
4240:Address to the Constitutional Convention
3760:Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
2180:ungrouped – An Open Mind for the Future
805:Bi-partisan appointment republican model
721:were prominent independent republicans.
382:, as well as the Deputy Prime Minister,
378:, and the Minister for Social Security,
3804:
3360:Leader of the Opposition in the Senate
2962:Western Australia / Northern Territory
1246:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy
1179:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy
579:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy
5444:(v) Post and telegraph (communication)
31:
27:Constitutional convention in Australia
4705:Separatist movements within Australia
4552:Implied immunity of instrumentalities
4333:Official transcript of the Convention
4266:
4264:
4142:
4140:
673:Christian Democrats (Fred Nile Group)
7:
4756:VIII: Alteration of the Constitution
4695:List of proposed states of Australia
3821:University of Queensland Law Journal
1115:George Pell, Archbishop of Melbourne
477:adding citations to reliable sources
374:, the Minister for the Environment,
5539:(xxxv) Conciliation and arbitration
4670:Constitutional history of Australia
3683:Leader of the Australian Democrats
3635:Deputy Premier of Western Australia
1611:ungrouped – A Multi-Cultural Voice
1127:1999 Australian republic referendum
437:(Australian Capital Territory) and
313:states and territories of Australia
4058:. 13 February 1998. Archived from
25:
6096:February 1998 events in Australia
5434:(i) Interstate trade and commerce
3784:Australian Constitutional history
2462:ungrouped – Territory Republican
2387:The Australian Monarchist League
970:Deputy Prime Minister Tim Fischer
751:and Sydney University chancellor
247:Australia was founded in 1901 as
5605:
4237:O'Shane, Pat (3 February 1998).
3886:from the original on 26 May 2011
3346:Deputy Leader of the Opposition
1585:Ethos – Elect the Head of State
787:. Journalist delegates included
453:
390:, was accompanied by colleagues
40:
5484:(xix) Naturalization and aliens
3728:Leader of the Tasmanian Greens
3415:Deputy Leader of the Democrats
3374:Deputy President of the Senate
2431:Australian Republican Movement
2373:Australian Republican Movement
2347:Australian Republican Movement
2307:Australian Republican Movement
2280:Australian Republican Movement
2253:Australian Republican Movement
2226:Australian Republican Movement
2154:Australian Republican Movement
2141:Australian Republican Movement
2115:Australian Republican Movement
2041:Australian Republican Movement
1989:Australian Republican Movement
1926:Australian Republican Movement
1765:Australian Republican Movement
1747:Australian Republican Movement
1734:Australian Republican Movement
1708:Australian Republican Movement
1598:Australian Republican Movement
1491:Australian Republican Movement
1478:Australian Republican Movement
1465:Australian Republican Movement
1438:Australian Republican Movement
1389:Australian Republican Movement
464:needs additional citations for
5534:(xxxi) Acquisition of property
4248:Old Parliament House, Canberra
2413:Australian Republican Movement
2082:Australian Republican Movement
2011:Florence, Lady Bjelke-Petersen
1814:Republic4U – The Youth Ticket
1635:Australian Republican Movement
1342:Australian Republican Movement
1301:Australian Republican Movement
1261:Australian Republican Movement
1164:Australian Republican Movement
1007:Pat O'Shane, a magistrate and
553:Australian Republican Movement
366:status quo and the Treasurer,
305:Old Parliament House, Canberra
1:
6061:Australian constitutional law
4522:Australian Constitutional Law
4343:National Library of Australia
3187:Minister for Social Security
3173:Minister for the Environment
3077:Australian Capital Territory
3011:Australian Capital Territory
2055:Queenslanders for a Republic
1846:Australian Monarchist League
1226:(republican) represented the
1055:that has served us so well":
986:Opposition Leader Kim Beazley
854:Governor General of Australia
303:The convention took place at
75:to 13 February 1998
4726:II: The Executive Government
3989:. Aph.gov.au. Archived from
3604:Premier of Western Australia
2417:Australian Capital Territory
1571:Australian Monarchist League
921:supported the republic. His
775:and former Governor General
734:Anglican Church of Australia
726:Catholic Church in Australia
715:Australian Monarchist League
703:Returned and Services League
665:Australian political parties
661:Australian Monarchist League
279:-National Coalition, led by
6106:1990s political conferences
4639:Statute of Westminster 1931
4618:Retirement of judges (1977)
2469:List of appointed delegates
2015:Constitutional Monarchists
1940:Constitutional Monarchists
769:Governor of South Australia
551:A number of members of the
337:National Party of Australia
6122:
6076:Legal history of Australia
6066:Republicanism in Australia
4700:Republicanism in Australia
4680:Constitutional Conventions
4537:Constitutional conventions
3812:Winterton, George (1999).
3774:Pledge of Loyalty Act 2006
3652:Premier of South Australia
3452:Premier of New South Wales
3112:
2500:
2028:Women for a Just Republic
1895:
1637:
1345:
1209:Premier of New South Wales
1148:
1124:
952:Prime Minister John Howard
897:Arguments by key advocates
802:
224:
5905:Constitutional Convention
4771:
4634:Constitution of Australia
4557:Reserve power (sovereign)
4454:Federal Executive Council
4379:Constitution of Australia
3714:Leader of the Opposition
3668:Leader of the Opposition
3619:Leader of the Opposition
3573:Leader of the Opposition
3527:Leader of the Opposition
3476:Leader of the Opposition
3323:Leader of the Opposition
2446:
2415:
2331:
2209:
2084:
1312:List of elected delegates
869:Commonwealth of Australia
815:Constitution of Australia
623:appointed a judge of the
212:was held in November 1999
204:constitutional referendum
158:constitutional convention
67:2 February 1998
58:Constitutional convention
47:Commonwealth Coat of Arms
39:
6086:Conventions in Australia
5509:(xxiiiA) Social security
4408:House of Representatives
4212:"Australian Web Archive"
4183:"Australian Web Archive"
4119:"Australian Web Archive"
4020:"Australian Web Archive"
3882:. Lawfoundation.net.au.
3388:Shadow Attorney-General
1002:Treasurer Peter Costello
695:Florence Bjelke-Petersen
287:, the Coalition won the
275:in 2001. The opposition
261:Australian republicanism
235:Australian republicanism
5524:(xxix) External affairs
4608:Casual vacancies (1977)
4583:Senate elections (1906)
4279:Parliament of Australia
4155:Parliament of Australia
4091:Parliament of Australia
4056:Parliament of Australia
3789:Australian Constitution
1273:Archbishop of Melbourne
1183:High Court of Australia
1139:constitutional monarchy
943:of the existing order.
876:Parliament of Australia
625:High Court of Australia
591:, Aboriginal statesman
273:Federation of Australia
253:Australian Constitution
249:constitutional monarchy
227:Australian Constitution
197:Commonwealth Parliament
116:Commonwealth Government
6091:1998 in Australian law
5421:Enumerated legislative
4598:Social services (1946)
4593:2nd State debts (1928)
4588:1st State debts (1910)
4527:Responsible government
4501:Inter-State Commission
3271:Deputy Prime Minister
3205:Chief Government Whip
1304:
1288:
1264:
1248:
1230:
1215:
1200:
1185:
1166:
1118:
1102:
1087:
1068:
1052:
1028:
1025:Magistrate Pat O'Shane
1005:
989:
973:
955:
926:
923:Australian Labor Party
910:
862:Indigenous Australians
799:Debate and conclusions
441:(Northern Territory).
429:(South Australia) and
398:and others, while the
308:
265:Australian Labor Party
6081:Monarchy of Australia
5529:(xxx) Pacific islands
4736:IV: Finance and Trade
4562:Reserved State powers
3794:Monarchy in Australia
3558:Premier of Queensland
3411:Natasha Stott Despoja
1788:Safeguard the People
1695:Safeguard the People
1294:
1270:
1254:
1244:, was a delegate for
1236:
1224:Natasha Stott Despoja
1221:
1206:
1191:
1172:
1158:
959:Deputy Prime Minister
916:
904:
849:Australian Parliament
425:(Western Australia),
404:Natasha Stott Despoja
302:
289:1996 Federal Election
231:Monarchy in Australia
187:in preference to the
4627:Constitutional texts
4532:Separation of powers
4257:on 11 November 1998.
3779:History of Australia
2194:Elect the President
2078:Janet Holmes Ă Court
1242:Australian Democrats
1228:Australian Democrats
887:Governor of Victoria
885:developed by former
641:Australian Democrats
613:Lord Mayor of Sydney
597:University of Sydney
595:, Chancellor of the
569:Janet Holmes Ă Court
473:improve this article
400:Australian Democrats
339:with the Honourable
325:the Right Honourable
162:Old Parliament House
152:, also known as the
114:36 appointed by the
91:Old Parliament House
5519:(xxvii) Immigration
5423:powers (Section 51)
4731:III: The Judicature
4288:on 6 September 2015
4218:on 10 December 1999
4189:on 10 December 1999
4164:on 8 September 2015
4125:on 10 December 1999
4100:on 6 September 2015
4065:on 6 September 2015
4026:on 10 December 1999
3993:on 16 February 2012
3917:on 10 December 1999
3699:Premier of Tasmania
3512:Premier of Victoria
2958:Nova Peris-Kneebone
2894:Northern Territory
2602:Northern Territory
1194:Premier of Victoria
932:Australian monarchy
763:and public servant
740:; while republican
413:(New South Wales),
356:Prominent advocates
5554:(xxxviii) Imperial
5544:(xxxvi) Transition
4751:VII: Miscellaneous
4649:Australia Act 1986
4613:Referendums (1977)
4603:Aboriginals (1967)
4578:Referendum process
4494:Other institutions
4485:Boilermakers' Case
2726:Western Australia
2644:Peter Hollingworth
2571:Western Australia
2540:Western Australia
2501:Non-parliamentary
2448:Northern Territory
2360:No Republic – ACM
2294:No Republic – ACM
2266:No Republic – ACM
2240:No Republic – ACM
2167:No Republic – ACM
2128:No Republic – ACM
2101:No Republic – ACM
2002:No Republic – ACM
1980:Sallyanne Atkinson
1958:No Republic – ACM
1828:No Republic – ACM
1721:No Republic – ACM
1659:No Republic – ACM
1504:No Republic – ACM
1500:Christine Ferguson
1452:No Republic – ACM
1402:No Republic – ACM
1305:
1289:
1281:Peter Hollingworth
1265:
1249:
1231:
1216:
1201:
1186:
1167:
927:
917:Opposition Leader
911:
738:Peter Hollingworth
309:
239:Keating government
160:which gathered at
6048:
6047:
5626:Federal elections
5571:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5549:(xxxvii) Referral
5489:(xx) Corporations
4721:I: The Parliament
4386:Legislative power
4255:(PDF, transcript)
3765:
3764:
3382:Senator the Hon.
3354:Senator the Hon.
3181:Senator the Hon.
3167:Senator the Hon.
3159:Attorney-General
2868:Queensland / TSI
2498:Western Australia
2466:
2465:
2458:Michael Kilgariff
2329:No Republic – ACM
2207:No Republic – ACM
2086:Western Australia
1893:No Republic – ACM
1717:Sophie Panopoulos
1362:No Republic – ACM
1240:, founder of the
639:, founder of the
549:
548:
541:
523:
243:Howard government
170:Howard government
146:
145:
139:(deputy chairman)
16:(Redirected from
6113:
6101:1998 conferences
5610:
5609:
5598:
5591:
5584:
5575:
5559:(xxxix) Incident
5504:(xxiii) Pensions
4769:
4449:Governor-General
4372:
4365:
4358:
4349:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4311:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4287:
4281:. Archived from
4276:
4268:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4245:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4163:
4157:. Archived from
4152:
4144:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4099:
4093:. Archived from
4088:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4064:
4053:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4016:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3983:
3977:
3968:(Penguin, 1998,
3962:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3907:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3876:
3861:
3860:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3827:(2) – via
3818:
3809:
3493:
3473:
3448:
3430:
3343:
3320:
3287:
3268:
3237:
3220:
3202:
3156:
3129:
3107:
3064:New South Wales
3060:George Winterton
3051:New South Wales
3048:
3026:
3008:
2988:South Australia
2975:New South Wales
2932:
2916:South Australia
2913:
2865:
2819:South Australia
2816:
2797:
2791:Donald McGauchie
2779:
2773:Richard McGarvie
2763:New South Wales
2760:
2745:New South Wales
2742:
2723:
2708:New South Wales
2694:
2654:
2631:
2615:South Australia
2599:
2593:Gatjil Djerrkura
2584:New South Wales
2555:
2549:Geoffrey Blainey
2473:
2369:Marguerite Scott
2326:
2316:Edward O'Farrell
2262:Victoria Manetta
1986:
1955:
1890:
1884:Sir James Killen
1843:
1785:
1762:
1692:
1656:
1607:Jason Yat-Sen Li
1567:
1551:A Just Republic
1548:
1513:Alasdair Webster
1435:
1337:Malcolm Turnbull
1328:State/Territory
1316:
1283:(abstained) and
1160:Malcolm Turnbull
1116:
1100:
1085:
1066:
1050:
1026:
1003:
987:
971:
953:
891:Richard McGarvie
785:Donald McGauchie
761:Richard McGarvie
749:Geoffrey Blainey
713:represented the
677:Jason Yat-Sen Li
590:
571:and businessman
567:, businesswoman
557:Malcolm Turnbull
544:
537:
533:
530:
524:
522:
481:
457:
449:
361:Parliamentarians
351:
334:
281:Alexander Downer
257:Governor-General
82:
80:
74:
72:
44:
32:
21:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6044:
5916:
5900:
5620:
5604:
5602:
5572:
5563:
5474:(xiv) Insurance
5454:(ix) Quarantine
5422:
5415:
4760:
4709:
4658:
4622:
4566:
4510:
4489:
4458:
4422:Executive power
4417:
4381:
4376:
4329:
4324:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4262:
4254:
4243:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4210:
4209:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4018:
4017:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3964:Vizard, Steve,
3963:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3920:
3918:
3909:
3908:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3878:
3877:
3864:
3853:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3816:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3770:
3723:Christine Milne
3583:Denver Beanland
3488:
3465:
3444:
3426:
3335:
3316:
3283:
3264:
3233:
3216:
3198:
3144:
3125:
3103:
3040:
3022:
3000:
2928:
2905:
2903:Lois O'Donoghue
2857:
2812:
2793:
2775:
2756:
2738:
2719:
2682:
2646:
2627:
2595:
2551:
2482:State/Territory
2471:
2444:A Just Republic
2318:
2303:Kirsten Andrews
2211:South Australia
2190:Patrick O'Brien
2163:Marylyn Rodgers
1982:
1951:
1922:Michael Lavarch
1886:
1839:
1837:Kenneth Gifford
1777:
1758:
1684:
1652:
1619:Catherine Moore
1563:
1544:
1427:
1415:Ted Mack Group
1376:Ted Mack Group
1357:Doug Sutherland
1347:New South Wales
1314:
1295:TV personality
1255:Trade Unionist
1153:
1147:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1101:
1098:
1086:
1083:
1067:
1064:
1051:
1048:
1027:
1024:
1017:26 January 1788
1004:
1001:
988:
985:
972:
969:
954:
951:
905:Prime Minister
899:
881:The minimalist
811:
803:Main articles:
801:
717:. Ted Mack and
649:
609:Doug Sutherland
586:
545:
534:
528:
525:
482:
480:
470:
458:
447:
363:
358:
343:
330:
297:
267:Prime Minister
245:
225:Main articles:
223:
142:
105:
78:
76:
70:
68:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6119:
6117:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6053:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5630:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5578:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5499:(xxii) Divorce
5496:
5494:(xxi) Marriage
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5469:(xiii) Banking
5466:
5464:(xii) Currency
5461:
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4746:VI: New States
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4463:Judicial power
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4327:External links
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3185:
3183:Jocelyn Newman
3179:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3142:Daryl Williams
3138:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3123:Peter Costello
3119:
3115:
3114:
3113:Parliamentary
3111:
3110:Prime Minister
3108:
3097:
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2943:The Most Revd
2941:
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2808:The Hon. Dame
2806:
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2765:
2764:
2761:
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2728:
2727:
2724:
2717:Annette Knight
2714:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2678:Major General
2676:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2642:The Most Revd
2640:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2590:
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2585:
2582:
2580:Miranda Devine
2577:
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2542:
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2538:
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2510:Stella Axarlis
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2409:Anne Witheford
2406:
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2383:David Mitchell
2379:
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2356:Michael Castle
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2276:Tony Cocchiaro
2272:
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2150:Clare Thompson
2147:
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2139:
2137:Graham Edwards
2134:
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2030:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1998:Thomas Bradley
1995:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1949:Neville Bonner
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:Shooters Party
1870:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:
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1810:Misha Schubert
1807:
1803:
1802:
1801:Real Republic
1799:
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1704:Mary Delahunty
1701:
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1673:Real Republic
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1149:Main article:
1146:
1143:
1134:The referendum
1125:Main article:
1122:
1119:
1112:
1096:
1081:
1062:
1049:Neville Bonner
1046:
1022:
999:
983:
967:
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898:
895:
883:McGarvie Model
833:
832:
824:
823:
809:McGarvie Model
800:
797:
793:Miranda Devine
759:retired judge
688:Neville Bonner
669:Shooters Party
648:
645:
611:(former Labor
593:Neville Bonner
547:
546:
461:
459:
452:
446:
443:
421:(Queensland),
380:Jocelyn Newman
372:Daryl Williams
368:Peter Costello
362:
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5472:
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5465:
5462:
5460:
5459:(x) Fisheries
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5439:(ii) Taxation
5437:
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5432:
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5412:
5409:
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4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
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4974:
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4914:
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4909:
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4904:
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4899:
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4887:
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4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
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4864:
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4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
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4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
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4814:
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4809:
4807:
4804:
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4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4741:V: The States
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4675:The Dismissal
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
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4506:Privy Council
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3974:0-14-027983-0
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3943:on 5 May 2010
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3598:Richard Court
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3568:Peter Beattie
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3356:John Faulkner
3353:
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3327:
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3315:
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3297:
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3281:John Anderson
3278:
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3259:
3256:
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3249:Alan Ferguson
3246:
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3229:
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2810:Roma Mitchell
2807:
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2736:Leonie Kramer
2733:
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2712:
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2707:
2705:Adam Johnston
2704:
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2696:
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2680:William James
2677:
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2534:
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2523:Dannalee Bell
2521:
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2479:Delegate name
2478:
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2427:Frank Cassidy
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2239:
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2236:John Hepworth
2233:
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2206:
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2177:
2176:Liam Bartlett
2174:
2171:
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2166:
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2151:
2148:
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2140:
2138:
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2127:
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2122:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2111:Peter Tannock
2108:
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2100:
2098:
2094:
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2027:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2009:
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2001:
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1996:
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1981:
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1868:Eric Bullmore
1866:
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1775:Vernon Wilcox
1772:
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1631:Eddie McGuire
1629:
1626:
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1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1597:
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1589:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1581:Andrew Gunter
1579:
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1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1528:Glenda Hewitt
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:Jennie George
1485:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1448:Julian Leeser
1445:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1419:
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1414:
1412:
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1360:
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1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1322:Delegate name
1321:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1302:
1298:
1297:Eddie McGuire
1293:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1257:Jennie George
1253:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:Michael Kirby
1171:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1120:
1111:
1106:
1095:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1061:
1056:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1010:
998:
993:
982:
977:
966:
962:
960:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
924:
920:
915:
908:
903:
896:
894:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
872:
870:
865:
863:
857:
855:
850:
844:
842:
838:
829:
828:
827:
820:
819:
818:
816:
810:
806:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:Roma Mitchell
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:Leonie Kramer
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
646:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
605:Helen Sham-Ho
602:
601:Leonie Kramer
598:
594:
589:
584:
583:Michael Kirby
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
565:Eddie McGuire
562:
558:
554:
543:
540:
532:
529:November 2017
521:
518:
514:
511:
507:
504:
500:
497:
493:
490: –
489:
485:
484:Find sources:
478:
474:
468:
467:
462:This section
460:
456:
451:
450:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:Richard Court
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
402:sent Senator
401:
397:
396:John Faulkner
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
360:
355:
353:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
306:
301:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
220:
218:
217:
213:
205:
201:
198:
194:
193:head of state
190:
186:
183:
179:
178:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
126:
122:
117:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5896:by-elections
5889:
5619:in Australia
5449:(vi) Defence
4683:
4663:Other topics
4313:. Retrieved
4301:
4290:. Retrieved
4283:the original
4252:the original
4239:
4232:
4220:. Retrieved
4216:the original
4191:. Retrieved
4187:the original
4177:
4166:. Retrieved
4159:the original
4127:. Retrieved
4123:the original
4113:
4102:. Retrieved
4095:the original
4078:
4067:. Retrieved
4060:the original
4028:. Retrieved
4024:the original
3995:. Retrieved
3991:the original
3981:
3965:
3945:. Retrieved
3941:the original
3931:
3919:. Retrieved
3915:the original
3888:. Retrieved
3855:– via
3852:0644-52828-1
3837:
3824:
3820:
3807:
3737:Kate Carnell
3678:Mike Elliott
3614:Geoff Gallop
3552:Rob Borbidge
3537:Pat McNamara
3506:Jeff Kennett
3424:Allan Rocher
3333:Gareth Evans
3214:Chris Gallus
3020:Trang Thomas
2984:Judith Sloan
2842:Joan Moloney
2611:Mia Handshin
2536:Julie Bishop
2440:David Curtis
2396:Eric Lockett
2343:Julian Green
2290:John Fleming
2234:The Rt Rev.
2222:Baden Teague
2203:Kym Bonython
2095:The Rt Hon.
2037:Sarina Russo
1797:Moira Rayner
1730:Steve Vizard
1682:Bruce Ruxton
1669:Tim Costello
1474:Peter Grogan
1461:Karin Sowada
1425:Neville Wran
1385:Wendy Machin
1325:Organisation
1306:
1287:(republican)
1285:Tim Costello
1214:(republican)
1197:Jeff Kennett
1130:
1108:
1103:
1092:
1088:
1077:Henry Lawson
1074:
1069:
1058:
1053:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1014:
1006:
995:
990:
979:
974:
964:
956:
945:
941:
937:
928:
880:
873:
866:
858:
845:
834:
825:
812:
789:Mia Handshin
746:
742:Tim Costello
723:
707:Bruce Ruxton
692:
681:
650:
617:
577:
561:Steve Vizard
550:
535:
526:
516:
509:
502:
495:
483:
471:Please help
466:verification
463:
435:Kate Carnell
419:Rob Borbidge
417:(Victoria),
415:Jeff Kennett
408:
392:Gareth Evans
364:
328:Ian Sinclair
310:
269:Paul Keating
246:
215:
209:
153:
149:
147:
131:Ian Sinclair
29:
5922:Referendums
5617:referendums
5514:(xxvi) Race
3754:Shane Stone
3693:Tony Rundle
3629:Hendy Cowan
3522:John Brumby
3384:Nick Bolkus
3314:Kim Beazley
3300:Ron Boswell
3262:Tim Fischer
3196:Neil Andrew
3169:Robert Hill
3101:John Howard
3038:Lloyd Waddy
2998:David Smith
2945:George Pell
2881:Queensland
2846:Queensland
2828:Carl Möller
2754:Helen Lynch
2697:Queensland
2666:Mary Imlach
2657:Queensland
2634:Queensland
2625:Bill Hayden
2567:Greg Craven
2124:Geoff Hourn
2097:Reg Withers
2065:Ann Bunnell
1855:Phil Cleary
1756:Lindsay Fox
1594:Hazel Hawke
1561:Alf Garland
1542:Pat O'Shane
1398:Kerry Jones
1277:George Pell
1084:Phil Cleary
919:Kim Beazley
907:John Howard
831:nomination.
822:considered.
777:Bill Hayden
765:David Smith
757:Greg Craven
730:George Pell
719:Phil Cleary
711:Alf Garland
684:Pat O'Shane
633:Kerry Jones
629:Tony Abbott
620:Bill Hayden
573:Lindsay Fox
445:ARM and ACM
439:Shane Stone
431:Tony Rundle
388:Kim Beazley
384:Tim Fischer
376:Robert Hill
341:Barry Jones
295:Composition
285:John Howard
172:to discuss
137:Barry Jones
6055:Categories
4765:By section
4714:By chapter
4571:Amendments
4542:Federalism
4470:High Court
4393:Parliament
4292:2015-09-07
4168:2015-09-07
4104:2015-09-07
4069:2015-09-07
3800:References
3646:John Olsen
3398:Kate Lundy
3132:Treasurer
3073:Heidi Zwar
2971:Peter Sams
2926:Arvi Parbo
2855:George Mye
2494:Andrea Ang
2249:Linda Kirk
2051:Paul Tully
2024:Mary Kelly
1967:David Muir
1936:Glen Sheil
1908:Clem Jones
1897:Queensland
1824:Jim Ramsay
1743:Poppy King
1559:Brigadier
1009:indigenous
781:Arvi Parbo
705:spokesman
699:Glen Sheil
653:Clem Jones
499:newspapers
427:John Olsen
317:republican
251:under the
221:Background
133:(chairman)
108:76 elected
79:1998-02-13
71:1998-02-02
5613:elections
5430:Powers of
4515:Doctrines
3752:The Hon.
3709:Jim Bacon
3691:The Hon.
3676:The Hon.
3663:Mike Rann
3661:The Hon.
3644:The Hon.
3627:The Hon.
3596:The Hon.
3581:The Hon.
3550:The Hon.
3535:The Hon.
3504:The Hon.
3486:Jeff Shaw
3484:The Hon.
3461:The Hon.
3440:The Hon.
3331:The Hon.
3312:The Hon.
3279:The Hon.
3260:The Hon.
3140:The Hon.
3121:The Hon.
3099:The Hon.
3091:Category
3029:Victoria
2949:Victoria
2935:Victoria
2877:Ben Myers
2832:Tasmania
2800:Victoria
2782:Victoria
2771:The Hon.
2670:Tasmania
2623:The Hon.
2558:Victoria
2527:Victoria
2514:Victoria
2485:Category
1920:The Hon.
1882:The Hon.
1822:The Hon.
1773:The Hon.
1667:The Rev.
1650:Don Chipp
1648:The Hon.
1423:The Hon.
1238:Don Chipp
1145:Delegates
1121:Aftermath
637:Don Chipp
335:, of the
124:Co-chairs
101:Delegates
5611:Federal
4444:Monarchy
3884:Archived
3768:See also
3442:Bob Carr
3409:Senator
3396:Senator
3370:Sue West
3368:Senator
3298:Senator
3247:Senator
2333:Tasmania
1639:Victoria
1411:Ed Haber
1372:Ted Mack
1303:delegate
1263:delegate
1222:Senator
1212:Bob Carr
1192:Liberal
1177:founded
1173:Justice
1162:led the
1113:—
1097:—
1082:—
1063:—
1047:—
1023:—
1000:—
984:—
968:—
950:—
732:and the
657:Ted Mack
411:Bob Carr
321:monarchy
319:and pro-
182:republic
166:Canberra
156:, was a
95:Canberra
4429:Cabinet
4315:28 July
3829:Austlii
3648:FNIA MP
1299:was an
1259:was an
841:hansard
513:scholar
277:Liberal
154:Con Con
77: (
69: (
64:Date(s)
4413:Senate
4222:2 June
4193:2 June
4129:2 June
4030:2 June
3997:12 Oct
3972:
3947:2 June
3921:2 June
3890:2 June
3849:
3088:Office
2188:Prof.
2109:Prof.
1207:Labor
981:of us.
671:, the
647:Others
515:
508:
501:
494:
486:
241:, and
4310:(PDF)
4286:(PDF)
4275:(PDF)
4244:(PDF)
4162:(PDF)
4151:(PDF)
4098:(PDF)
4087:(PDF)
4063:(PDF)
4052:(PDF)
3857:Trove
3817:(PDF)
3492:
3469:
3339:
3152:
3148:
3082:Order
3044:
3004:
2909:
2861:
2734:Dame
2690:
2686:
2650:
2476:Order
2322:
1781:
1688:
1431:
1319:Order
1271:Then
771:Dame
693:Lady
599:Dame
520:JSTOR
506:books
347:
87:Venue
54:Genre
6040:2023
6035:2017
6030:1999
6025:1988
6020:1984
6015:1977
6010:1974
6005:1973
6000:1967
5995:1951
5990:1948
5985:1946
5980:1944
5975:1937
5970:1928
5965:1926
5960:1919
5955:1917
5950:1916
5945:1913
5940:1911
5935:1910
5930:1906
5912:1997
5890:Next
5884:2022
5879:2019
5874:2016
5869:2013
5864:2010
5859:2007
5854:2004
5849:2001
5844:1998
5839:1996
5834:1993
5829:1990
5824:1987
5819:1984
5814:1983
5809:1980
5804:1977
5799:1975
5794:1974
5789:1972
5784:1970
5779:1969
5774:1967
5769:1966
5764:1964
5759:1963
5754:1961
5749:1958
5744:1955
5739:1954
5734:1953
5729:1951
5724:1949
5719:1946
5714:1943
5709:1940
5704:1937
5699:1934
5694:1931
5689:1929
5684:1928
5679:1925
5674:1922
5669:1919
5664:1917
5659:1914
5654:1913
5649:1910
5644:1906
5639:1903
5634:1901
5615:and
5296:105A
4684:1998
4317:2012
4224:2011
4195:2011
4131:2011
4032:2011
3999:2009
3970:ISBN
3949:2011
3923:2011
3892:2011
3847:ISBN
3002:KCVO
2996:Sir
2924:Sir
1888:KCMG
957:The
807:and
791:and
783:and
736:' s
697:and
563:and
492:news
148:The
104:152—
5411:128
5406:127
5401:126
5396:125
5391:124
5386:123
5381:122
5376:121
5371:120
5366:119
5361:118
5356:117
5351:116
5346:115
5341:114
5336:113
5331:112
5326:111
5321:110
5316:109
5311:108
5306:107
5301:106
5291:105
5286:104
5281:103
5276:102
5271:101
5266:100
3756:MLA
3739:MLA
3725:MHA
3711:MHA
3695:MHA
3680:MLC
3631:MLA
3616:MLA
3600:MLA
3585:MLA
3570:MLA
3554:MLA
3539:MLA
3524:MLA
3508:MLA
3042:RFD
2907:CBE
2859:MBE
2840:Cr
2688:MBE
2652:OBE
2597:OAM
2381:Dr
2324:CBE
2320:CVO
2288:Fr
2274:Dr
2220:Dr
2063:Cr
2049:Cr
1934:Dr
1906:Dr
1779:CBE
1690:MBE
1686:OBE
1540:Dr
1446:Cr
728:'s
615:).
475:by
6057::
5261:99
5256:98
5251:97
5246:96
5241:95
5236:94
5231:93
5226:92
5221:91
5216:90
5211:89
5206:88
5201:87
5196:86
5191:85
5186:84
5181:83
5176:82
5171:81
5166:80
5161:79
5156:78
5151:77
5146:76
5141:75
5136:74
5131:73
5126:72
5121:71
5116:70
5111:69
5106:68
5101:67
5096:66
5091:65
5086:64
5081:63
5076:62
5071:61
5066:60
5061:59
5056:58
5051:57
5046:56
5041:55
5036:54
5031:53
5026:52
5021:50
5016:49
5011:48
5006:47
5001:46
4996:45
4991:44
4986:43
4981:42
4976:41
4971:40
4966:39
4961:38
4956:37
4951:36
4946:35
4941:34
4936:33
4931:32
4926:31
4921:30
4916:29
4911:28
4906:27
4901:26
4896:25
4891:24
4886:23
4881:22
4876:21
4871:20
4866:19
4861:18
4856:17
4851:16
4846:15
4841:14
4836:13
4831:12
4826:11
4821:10
4277:.
4263:^
4203:^
4153:.
4139:^
4089:.
4054:.
4040:^
4007:^
3957:^
3900:^
3865:^
3825:20
3823:.
3819:.
3749:76
3733:75
3719:74
3705:73
3688:72
3673:71
3665:MP
3658:70
3641:69
3624:68
3610:67
3593:66
3578:65
3564:64
3547:63
3532:62
3518:61
3501:60
3490:QC
3481:59
3471:MP
3467:QC
3458:58
3446:MP
3437:57
3428:MP
3420:56
3406:55
3393:54
3379:53
3365:52
3351:51
3341:MP
3337:QC
3328:50
3318:MP
3309:49
3295:48
3285:MP
3276:47
3266:MP
3257:46
3244:45
3235:MP
3227:44
3218:MP
3210:43
3200:MP
3192:42
3178:41
3164:40
3154:MP
3150:QC
3146:AM
3137:39
3127:MP
3118:38
3105:MP
3096:37
3069:36
3056:35
3046:QC
3034:34
3024:AM
3016:33
3006:AO
2993:32
2980:31
2967:30
2954:29
2940:28
2930:AC
2921:27
2911:AM
2899:26
2886:25
2873:24
2863:AM
2851:23
2837:22
2824:21
2814:AC
2805:20
2795:AC
2787:19
2777:AC
2768:18
2758:AM
2750:17
2740:AC
2731:16
2721:AM
2713:15
2702:14
2692:MC
2684:AO
2675:13
2662:12
2648:AO
2639:11
2629:AC
2620:10
2553:AO
2454:76
2436:75
2423:74
2405:73
2392:72
2378:71
2365:70
2352:69
2339:68
2312:67
2299:66
2285:65
2271:64
2258:63
2245:62
2231:61
2217:60
2199:59
2185:58
2172:57
2159:56
2146:55
2133:54
2120:53
2106:52
2092:51
2074:50
2060:49
2046:48
2033:47
2020:46
2007:45
1994:44
1984:AO
1976:43
1963:42
1953:AO
1945:41
1931:40
1917:39
1903:38
1879:37
1864:36
1851:35
1841:QC
1833:34
1819:33
1806:32
1793:31
1783:QC
1770:30
1760:AO
1752:29
1739:28
1726:27
1713:26
1700:25
1678:24
1664:23
1654:AO
1645:22
1627:21
1616:20
1603:19
1590:18
1577:17
1565:AM
1556:16
1546:AM
1537:15
1524:14
1509:13
1496:12
1483:11
1470:10
1433:QC
1429:AC
1275:,
1141:.
934::
889:,
871:.
856:.
795:.
603:,
588:QC
575:.
406:.
394:,
349:MP
345:AO
332:MP
237:,
233:,
229:,
202:a
164:,
93:,
5597:e
5590:t
5583:v
4816:9
4811:8
4806:7
4801:6
4796:5
4791:4
4786:3
4781:2
4776:1
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4682:(
4371:e
4364:t
4357:v
4319:.
4295:.
4226:.
4197:.
4171:.
4133:.
4107:.
4072:.
4034:.
4001:.
3976:)
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3925:.
3894:.
3859:.
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2607:9
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1333:1
542:)
536:(
531:)
527:(
517:·
510:·
503:·
496:·
469:.
307:.
216:.
81:)
73:)
20:)
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