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With the shift in employment from the pastoral industries to the urban manufacturing and service sectors, the AWU's political influence and power declined as the pastoral areas became less significant in terms of employee numbers. This shift led to many rural electorate areas that were influenced by
913:
The AWU is a national union made up of state branches. Each AWU member belongs to one of six geographic branches. Every four years AWU members elect branch and national officials: National
President, the National Secretary, and the National Assistant Secretary. They also elect the National Executive
1335:
and
Queensland, the area would have to be abandoned. Despite these objections to restricting immigration, between 1875 and 1888 all Australian colonies enacted legislation which excluded all further Chinese immigration. Asian immigrants already residing in the Australian colonies were not expelled
1189:
In recent years the AWU has sought to modernise and to broaden its membership beyond its declining traditional base. Today it represents workers in the metals, aviation, oil and gas, mining, construction, food processing and retail industries, as well as its traditional base in the pastoral and
1362:
We quite sympathise with the determination...of these colonies...that there should not be an influx of people alien in civilisation, alien in religion, alien in customs, whose influx, moreover, would seriously interfere with the legitimate rights of the existing labouring
1295:
Australia gained a reputation as "the working man's paradise." Some employers tried to undercut the unions by importing
Chinese labour. This produced a reaction which led to all the colonies restricting Chinese and other Asian immigration. This was the foundation of the
1300:. The "Australian compact", based around centralised industrial arbitration, a degree of government assistance particularly for primary industries, and White Australia, was to continue for many years before gradually dissolving in the second half of the 20th century.
1175:. The split in the Queensland ALP in 1957, which resulted in Labor being in opposition for 32 years, deprived the AWU of its greatest area of influence, although it remained influential in the long-serving (1941–65 and 1976–88) New South Wales Labor governments.
1672:
1379:. The support of the Labor Party was contingent upon restricting non-white immigration, reflecting the attitudes of the Australian Workers Union and other labour organisations at the time, upon whose support the Labor Party was founded.
2134:
1327:
movement began a series of protests against foreign labour. Their arguments were that Asians and
Chinese took jobs away from white men, worked for "substandard" wages, lowered working conditions and refused unionisation.
1152:. The AWU strongly supported arbitration as a mechanism of resolving industrial disputes without resorting to strike action. The Pastoral Industry Award, negotiated by the AWU, was the first federal award granted by the
1354:
The
British government in London was not pleased with legislation that discriminated against certain subjects of its Empire, but decided not to disallow the laws that were passed. Colonial Secretary
1159:
During the years since federation that the
Australian industrial relations system has been dominated by the Court and its successors, the Conciliation and Arbitration Commission and the
1163:, the AWU and its members were among that system's principal beneficiaries. The AWU remains a strong advocate of arbitration in the union movement. The AWU was not affiliated with the
1137:. Labor was in government in Queensland from 1915 to 1929 and from 1932 to 1957, and the AWU was able to exert considerable political influence through long-serving premiers such as
1339:
Agreements were made to further increase these restrictions in 1895 following an Inter-colonial
Premier's Conference where all colonies agreed to extend entry restrictions to all
1103:
were banned from AWU membership. In the 1930s the
Communist Party launched a rival Pastoral Workers Industrial Union, but this failed to break the AWU's grip on its membership.
1179:
1153:
990:
1303:
The growth of the sugar industry in
Queensland in the 1870s led to searching for labourers prepared to work in a tropical environment. During this time, thousands of "
1076:
in 1917. Since these industries were the principal sources of
Australia's wealth in the 19th century, the AWU soon became Australia's largest and most powerful union.
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53:
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1331:
Objections to these arguments came largely from wealthy land owners in rural areas. It was argued that without Asiatics to work in the tropical areas of the
1160:
945:
242:
1919:
1087:
led the AWU to reject direct action, and it has been a force for moderation in the Australian union movement ever since. It was a firm opponent of the
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2119:
1987:
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2017:
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1351:, and they did not become law. Instead, the Natal Act of 1897 was introduced, restricting "undesirable persons" rather than any specific race.
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1945:
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According to the moderately conservative publication, the Australian Financial Review, the AWU is one of the most powerful unions in the
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1080:
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In 1993 the AWU amalgamated with the Federation of Industrial Manufacturing and Engineering Employees (itself an amalgamation of the
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1183:
447:
119:
1915:
1792:
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from 1916 to 1943 they were among the most influential union newspapers in Australia. The two papers were merged in 1974 and today
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1156:. The AWU maintained its registration under state industrial systems and continues to participate in many state awards.
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The Northern Territory branch of the AWU was a central faction in the most recent worker's rebellion in Australia, the
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mining areas. Its expansion into new areas has brought the AWU into conflict with some other unions, particularly the
1172:
186:
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jobs. Shortages of labour led to high wages for a prosperous skilled working class, whose unions demanded and got an
1125:, and to a lesser extent in the other states. Labor state governments were heavily influenced by AWU leaders such as
1852:"Towards White Australia: The shadow of Mill and the spectre of slavery in the 1880s debates on Chinese immigration"
1315:" and refers to the recruitment of people through trickery and kidnappings to work on plantations, particularly the
1324:
1186:) to form the AWU-FIMEE Amalgamated Union. In 1995 the union reverted to using the name Australian Workers' Union.
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following the defeat of the 1890s strikes, the AWU became a powerful influence in the party, particularly in
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which came to power following the first elections to the Commonwealth parliament in 1901 was formed by the
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1343:. However, in attempting to enact this legislation, the Governors of New South Wales, South Australia and
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The AWU later absorbed a number of other unions in the pastoral, mining and timber industries notably the
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1311:. This and related practices of bringing in non-white labour to be cheaply employed was commonly termed "
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1018:(OBE, an inaugural member of the Australian House of Representatives), brother Charles Poynton, and
948:. The current AWU National President is Marina Williams, and the National Secretary is Paul Farrow.
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1372:
1065:. In 1904 the AWUQ amalgamated with the AWU, to form a union with a combined membership of 34,000.
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for many years, preferring to maintain its independent relationship with the arbitration system.
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opening in all cities and most regional towns in the following forty years. During the 1880s
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the AWU and workers falling to the conservative side of politics and in particular the
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The federation of the Australian colonies in 1901 led to the establishment of the
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On 24 October 2017 the unions offices in Sydney and Melbourne were raided by the
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industries in the late 1880s and it currently has approximately 80,000 members.
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551:
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35:
1820:"Federal police raid Australian Workers' Union offices in Shorten, GetUp probe"
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1940:
Speech to Colonial Conference of 1897, quoted in J. Holland Rose et al., eds.
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1522:
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and the Branch Executives which act as the Board of Directors for the union.
1857:. 11th Biennial National Conference of the Australian Historical Association
1748:
1648:, a scandal involving the AWU Workplace Reform Association Fund in the 1990s
1340:
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1266:
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373:
368:
200:
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and other radical forces in the Australian labour movement. For many years
956:
The AWU has broad coverage over, amongst others, the following industries:
1942:
The Cambridge History of the British Empire: Volume VII: Part I: Australia
1344:
487:
168:
1631:
1818:
Borys, Stephanie; Dziedzic, Stephen; Doran, Matthew (24 October 2017).
1304:
662:
1336:
and retained the same rights as their Anglo and Southern compatriots.
891:
610:
182:
1777:
Smith, Bruce A. created 20 April 2001, last modified 6 August 2010.
1764:
Smith, Bruce A. created 20 April 2001, last modified 6 August 2010.
1747:
Smith, Bruce A. created 20 April 2001, last modified 6 August 2010.
2135:
Trade unions affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions
1050:, which had formed in 1891, to form the Australian Workers' Union.
1279:
1262:
997:
989:
620:
1320:
234:
1969:
994:
Australian Workers' Union Hall, Chillagoe, Queensland, ca. 1915
1781:. Australian Trade Union Archives. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
1768:. Australian Trade Union Archives. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
29:
1287:
march circa 1900, outside Parliament House in Spring Street,
1510:
1387:
1766:
Trade Union Entry: Amalgamated Shearers Union of Australia
1006:
The AWU grew from a number of earlier unions, notably the
261:
1960:
1779:
Trade Union Entry: General Labourers Union of Australasia
1699:"Inside the union factions that rule the ALP conference"
1211:(founded in 1890) in Brisbane. Under the editorship of
1219:
is published in a magazine format in association with
1002:
Union building named in honour of Clarrie Fallon, 1953
1307:" (Pacific Islanders) were brought into Australia as
1269:(wharf workers), but soon spread to cover almost all
1673:"Membership size of registered organisations – 2023"
1030:
in 1886. This union joined with shearers' unions in
1074:
Federated Mining Employees Association of Australia
256:
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178:
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1916:"Race and organized labor in Australia, 1850–1901"
1154:Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration
1201:For many years the AWU published two newspapers,
1046:in 1887. In 1894 this union amalgamated with the
886:. It traces its origins to unions founded in the
921:and its internal elections are conducted by the
1196:Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union
1180:Federated Ironworkers' Association of Australia
1981:
1463:Steve Harrison 1993–1997 (Jointly until 1996)
1070:Amalgamated Workers Association of Queensland
855:
8:
1997:Secretaries of the Australian Workers' Union
1749:Trade Union Entry: Australian Shearers Union
1654:, a political protest in Darwin in the 1910s
134:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1794:Strikes: causes, conduct & consequences
882:) is one of Australia's largest and oldest
1988:
1974:
1966:
1161:Australian Industrial Relations Commission
972:Electricity, gas, water and waste services
946:International Transport Workers Federation
862:
848:
278:
133:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1347:reserved the bills, due to a treaty with
1277:and other benefits unheard of in Europe.
1044:Amalgamated Shearers Union of Australasia
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1697:Marin-Guzman, David (16 December 2018).
1664:
1585:Bob Redmond 1994–97 (Jointly from 1994)
1063:Amalgamated Workers Union of Queensland
292:
1323:. In the 1870s and 1880s, the growing
938:International Metalworkers' Federation
1826:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
7:
917:The AWU's rules are registered with
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1918:. Highbeam Research. Archived from
1232:Registered Organisations Commission
960:Administrative and support services
538:Workers' right to access the toilet
1914:Markey, Raymond (1 January 1996).
1878:"Our Federation Journey 1901–2001"
1238:Support for White Australia policy
1230:. The raids were on behalf of the
1165:Australian Council of Trade Unions
942:International Union of Foodworkers
934:Australian Council of Trade Unions
25:
1883:. Museum Victoria. Archived from
1466:Ian Cambridge 1994–1996 (Jointly)
1184:Australasian Society of Engineers
1113:When the trade unions formed the
963:Agriculture, forestry and fishing
2140:Trade unions established in 1894
2120:1894 establishments in Australia
1797:. Federation Press. p. 18.
1630:
1616:
981:Public administration and safety
433:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
302:
34:
1850:Griffiths, Phil (4 July 2002).
1753:Australian Trade Union Archives
1432:William "Beecher" Hay 1943–1944
1383:National Secretaries of the AWU
1089:Industrial Workers of the World
928:The AWU is affiliated with the
923:Australian Electoral Commission
226:Paul Farrow, National Secretary
216:72,194 (as at 31 December 2022)
45:needs additional citations for
1506:National Presidents of the AWU
1319:of Queensland (Australia) and
483:Occupational safety and health
478:Occupational safety and health
1:
1755:. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
1460:1991–1994 (Jointly from 1993)
1221:Australian Consolidated Press
1150:Australian Arbitration system
606:Chronological list of strikes
141:The Australian Workers' Union
1597:Marina Williams 2017–present
1570:Henry "Brahma" Davis 1950–65
1093:Communist Party of Australia
1008:Australasian Shearers' Union
966:Arts and recreation services
152:; 138 years ago
1703:Australian Financial Review
1582:1989–97 (Jointly from 1994)
1061:merged in 1891 to form the
271:AWU-FIMEE Amalgamated Union
69:"Australian Workers' Union"
2161:
1791:Blackmur, Douglas (1993).
1247:Trades and Labour Councils
1057:, formed in 1887, and the
2145:Trade unions in Australia
2003:
1728:Australian Workers' Union
1228:Australian Federal Police
1192:National Union of Workers
1055:Queensland Shearers Union
876:Australian Workers' Union
569:International comparisons
503:Right to rest and leisure
443:Employment discrimination
268:
139:
1588:Graham Roberts 1997–2001
1493:Paul Farrow 2023–present
1441:Frank Mitchell 1972–1983
1375:with the support of the
1245:was opened in 1859 with
1079:The defeat of the great
1059:Queensland Workers Union
354:Social movement unionism
18:Australian Workers Union
1638:Organized labour portal
1490:Daniel Walton 2016–2023
1207:in New South Wales and
1048:General Labourers Union
564:Trade union federations
559:Trade unions by country
1678:. Fair Work Commission
1573:Edgar Williams 1965–82
1487:Scott McDine 2014–2016
1472:Terry Muscat 1997–2001
1377:Australian Labor Party
1365:
1317:sugar cane plantations
1298:White Australia Policy
1292:
1133:and NSW AWU Secretary
1115:Australian Labor Party
1003:
995:
930:Australian Labor Party
903:Australian Labor Party
463:Freedom of association
334:Exploitation of labour
2130:The Australian Worker
1360:
1283:
1243:Melbourne Trades Hall
1217:The Australian Worker
1204:The Australian Worker
1081:1891 shearers' strike
1001:
993:
448:Employment protection
428:Collective bargaining
1139:William Forgan Smith
1085:1890 Maritime strike
809:Industrial relations
798:Academic disciplines
394:National-syndicalism
364:Democratic socialism
54:improve this article
1552:J.C. Lamont 1938–39
1444:Gill Barr 1983–1987
1417:Tom White 1911–1912
1373:Protectionist Party
919:Fair Work Australia
389:Anarcho-syndicalism
136:
1922:on 19 October 2017
1876:Willoughby, Emma.
1567:Bill Nicol 1947–50
1469:Vern Falconer 1997
1358:explained in 1897:
1356:Joseph Chamberlain
1333:Northern Territory
1309:indentured workers
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498:Professional abuse
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1576:Alan Begg 1982–89
1502:
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1369:Barton government
1123:Western Australia
1072:in 1913, and the
1016:Alexander Poynton
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829:Post-work society
658:Solidarity action
468:Legal working age
324:Conflict theories
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2018:Donald Macdonell
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1961:Official Website
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1257:developed among
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1110:in 1912–1918.
1095:, NSW Premier
1012:William Spence
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71: –
70:
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2093:Scott McDine
2083:Bill Shorten
2078:Terry Muscat
2058:Errol Hodder
2008:David Temple
1996:
1941:
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1920:the original
1892:. Retrieved
1885:the original
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1828:. Retrieved
1823:
1813:
1793:
1786:
1773:
1760:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1706:. Retrieved
1702:
1692:
1682:16 September
1680:. Retrieved
1667:
1600:
1556:John McNeill
1535:Frank Lundie
1496:
1476:Bill Shorten
1452:Errol Hodder
1394:David Temple
1366:
1361:
1353:
1338:
1330:
1313:blackbirding
1302:
1294:
1255:Trade unions
1251:Trades Halls
1241:
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1202:
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1188:
1177:
1169:
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1042:to form the
1020:David Temple
1005:
969:Construction
955:
927:
916:
912:
896:
884:trade unions
879:
875:
873:
678:Work-to-rule
552:Trade unions
523:Six-hour day
508:Right to sit
473:Minimum wage
423:Child labour
418:Annual leave
344:New unionism
270:
231:Affiliations
179:Headquarters
131:
116:
110:January 2023
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2100:Paul Farrow
2038:Beecher Hay
1592:Bill Ludwig
1580:Bill Ludwig
1562:Vic Johnson
1547:John Barnes
1363:population.
1325:trade union
1271:blue-collar
1213:Henry Boote
899:Labor Right
775:South Korea
755:Netherlands
750:New Zealand
379:Syndicalism
349:Proletariat
329:Decent work
251:IndustriALL
27:Trade union
2114:Categories
2088:Paul Howes
1830:25 October
1733:2 November
1659:References
1646:AWU affair
1523:Arthur Rae
1482:Paul Howes
1406:Arthur Rae
1267:stevedores
1209:The Worker
1143:Ned Hanlon
1119:Queensland
1101:Communists
824:Labour law
633:Green bans
626:newspapers
518:Sick leave
513:Sabbatical
222:Key people
165:Founded at
80:newspapers
2053:Gill Barr
2023:Tom White
1946:full text
1594:2001–2017
1537:1917–1918
1531:1898–1916
1484:2007–2014
1478:2001–2007
1454:1987–1991
1438:1944–1972
1429:1941–1943
1423:1912–1941
1414:1899–1911
1402:1894–1898
1289:Melbourne
1097:Jack Lang
909:Structure
770:Singapore
725:Hong Kong
700:Australia
453:Equal pay
374:Communism
369:Socialism
273:1993-1995
269:known as
212:Members
201:Australia
1824:ABC News
1708:6 August
1610:See also
1345:Tasmania
1259:shearers
1194:and the
1182:and the
1083:and the
1028:Victoria
1024:Creswick
952:Coverage
944:and the
888:pastoral
765:Portugal
705:Barbados
663:Walkouts
638:Lockouts
488:Overwork
339:Timeline
285:a series
282:Part of
193:Location
173:Victoria
169:Ballarat
1926:14 June
1894:14 June
1861:14 June
1564:1943–47
1558:1939–43
1549:1924–38
1543:1919–24
1525:1895–97
1519:1886–94
1408:1898–99
1396:1886–94
1305:Kanakas
1234:(ROC).
986:History
730:Ireland
720:Georgia
257:Website
155: (
147:Founded
94:scholar
1801:
1601:
1497:
1265:, and
1263:miners
1091:, the
1032:Bourke
978:Mining
940:, the
936:, the
892:mining
785:Sweden
760:Norway
735:Israel
710:Brazil
611:Hartal
183:Sydney
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1888:(PDF)
1881:(PDF)
1855:(RTF)
1676:(PDF)
1349:Japan
1036:Wagga
740:Malta
621:Bandh
101:JSTOR
87:books
1928:2006
1896:2006
1863:2006
1832:2017
1799:ISBN
1735:2021
1710:2019
1684:2023
1367:The
1321:Fiji
1249:and
1141:and
1121:and
1053:The
1034:and
890:and
874:The
715:Fiji
582:WFTU
577:ITUC
235:ACTU
157:1886
150:1886
73:news
1038:in
1022:in
880:AWU
262:AWU
247:IUF
245:,
243:ITF
239:ALP
135:AWU
56:by
2116::
1904:^
1840:^
1822:.
1751:.
1726:.
1701:.
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1223:.
1198:.
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288:on
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185:,
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1989:e
1982:t
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1930:.
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1686:.
1291:.
878:(
863:e
856:t
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159:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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