437:
tasked with organising policies on imports. This extended role since its establishment has increased the international competitiveness of
Australian businesses post globalisation, a vision arranged by John Dawkins, former Trade Minister under the Hawke government. Austrade has allowed for countries to be economically integrated more than ever and is described as one of the most ambitious changes on the government trade promotion landscape since the creation of the Trade Commissioner Service in 1933 (Nicholls, as cited in Chung and Mascitelli, 2017, p. 417). There are four separate government entities under the original export promotion scheme, including a segment of the Department of Trade, Trade Commissioner Service, Export Finance Insurance Corporation and the Export Market Development Grant scheme (Dawkins, as cited in Chung and Mascitelli, 2017, p. 417). Dawkins was a key proponent for focusing on markets that needed assistance and has stressed the importance of directing attention to sunrise industries in order to help them compete on a global scale. According to Ferris in Chung and Mascitelli (2017), under these goals; the Australian economy and many around the world have naturally shifted their dependence on agriculture and slowly transitioned to manufacturing, following a similar journey to China's economic breakthrough.
618:
2011, Austrade has moved from regional to global management with oversight of its international network based in Sydney. Landis, a correspondent with offshore initiatives with regions such as Latin
America and South Asia describes how an extensive review found that Austrade was too ambitious in priorities and did not direct engage enough with growth markets. Brewer (2010) says that Austrade's focus on tackling large economies led to the program employing “aspirational” targets that were not tangible within an organisation in the long run and that they were simply publicising unrealistic prospects. This overlocking of significant resources pooled into already established markets such as Europe and the US did more harm than good because exporters did not require Australia's help as much as sunrise industries in emerging markets. Similar to Landis, Piper (2012) outlines the obvious potential for trade and investment between Australia and Latin America. Austrade's efforts to engage with regions such as that of Latin America has been eased by an increasing number of companies realising how successful business could be conducted regionally. Within the framework of globalisation, Austrade has found unique expertise in assisting partner markets by providing contacts, market intelligence for individual jurisdictions and networks on the ground.
482:
be characterised as leakages in the economy being filled at a timely manner. The 1960s saw the establishment of a global network of offices. It is important to note that the original focus placed upon regulating instability within the balance of payments has shifted over time to boundaries beyond
Austrade. The balance of payments is not to be confused with the fundamental objective of Austrade in stimulating the Australian economy through trade initiatives in the form of export programs. This sentiment was the main proponent that allowed for the expansion of the commission as a substitute for more flexible tariff and exchange rate policies. An overview of Austrade's broader vision has reveals concerns have arisen regarding what exactly role Austrade was supposedly created for. Charles Jameson, who was managing director at the time (1986) was mainly concerned that there was little to no background of the commission's history, especially when it came to preceding contemporary trade commissioners.
515:
Austrade pools its resources toward from mining to education. From a historical perspective, Downey (2005) details the process of nurturing
Australia's export shares globally and highlights the barriers preventing entry. Access to global markets is reliant on a multitude of chained issues including reputation, financial risk including market volatility, short-term contracts, loss of intellectual property and limited opportunity. Among Australian firms, foreign direct investment (FDI) has evolved into an increasingly popular solution to bypass these restrictions. Preceding Downey's view on export expansion theories, O’Byrne (2002) goes into further detail about the "Exporting for the Future" initiative whereby he lists key indicators of Australia's growth:
457:
resulted in the formation of a resources and energy sector led by former senator Peter Walsh and deputy prime minister Lionel Bowen. As the acting minister for trade, Bowen was tasked with his first economic portfolio and at the time he showed limited interest in growing the economy through trade policy. Instead, Bowen remained adamant that the political legitimacy of the department of trade was in fact in question. Jim Cairns who was the preceding minister echoed these same sentiments albeit to a much lesser extent. Bowen and many of his ministerial colleagues insisted that trade was only to fulfill the political and economic interests of the
National Party. Schedvin admits that this belief has reason in a theoretical sense.
498:) was appointed as the managing director of Austrade, most of the employees that were in the main civil servants had limited or no business understanding. His appointment marked a significant change in the commission's culture. However, there have been difficulties in managing Austrade in that its "effectiveness depends on the closeness of the working relationship between government – basically the trade minister – and the organisation's leadership" (Adams, as cited in Chung and Mascitelli, 2017, p. 419). Schedvin (2008) references the environment within which the Trade Commissioner Service operated changing fundamentally and permanently in the 1970s as a sign of the inevitable shift that Austrade similarly experienced.
461:
appointment was made before globalisation took the international stage and propelled nations to take part in bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. An important observation is that
Menadue was an internationalist who showed a keen interest in Asian markets. Former ambassador to Japan in 1977, the time he spent there reinforced his calling for the Australian economy to open up. The timing of this although not coincidentally aligns with that of China (globally the largest Asian market) which implemented their renowned
943:, which also provided employment to two former senior Austrade managers in Europe and Russia. The agency denied Firepower had received special treatment. However, perceived legitimation of Firepower's activities by Austrade undoubtedly helped promote tens of millions of dollars in fraudulent share sales to the Australian public "without proper disclosure documents in breach of the Corporations Act". Possibly because of the close involvement of senior diplomats and politicians, including then prime minister
494:
impact, Austrade is held to an extremely high standard for the prospective economic growth it has garnered through opportunities; especially for a small nation such as
Australia. Mascitelli (2015) writes that at the time of its establishment only 137 out of 1327 staff were Trade Commissioners, outlining the fact that it has become a blueprint for developing commissions under limited resources and personnel as well as being absent from a sprawling bureaucracy. Before Lindsay MacAlister (
486:
453:
the production of
Emissaries of trade and it was eventually published under the auspices of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Schedvin, appointed lead researcher of the case study, states that Austrade has had a lengthy and complex history. His analysis begins from fundamental trade theory where it was common for state and colonial governments to appoint commercial agents and trade commissioners in hopes of resolving economic volatility.
135:
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and farm produce when there should be a focus on transitioning these respective industries or at the very minimum restructuring them. The restructuring would provide potential jobs for
Australian's following the development and export of manufactured goods. This historical overview is closely related the transformation of China's economy to a heavy manufacturing based industry.
77:
36:
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unique and dynamic role in the
Australian context due to its position of being a government agency that works alongside businesses with the aim of developing their international competitiveness. Historically, this relationship is considered rare due to the changing government policy stances regarding how much export orientated activity it should undergo.
675:
criticism emerged from commercial interests which led to the experiment being discontinued as a result of the government's inapt legislation to provide a suitable legal framework. Approximately a decade onward, it was revived in an attempt to cure the 1930s depression which saw an unprecedented need for aggregate demand stimulation.
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at developing support for exporters by organising free trade agreements. Other initiatives include Australia International Education 2025 to bolster opportunities for international students to study abroad and the Tourism 2020 Implementation Plan which will help strengthen one of Australia's most important industries.
627:
medium-sized Australian businesses to enter into and develop export markets. Under this scheme, eligible businesses are reimbursed for part of the export marketing costs they incur. The scheme supports a wide range of industry sectors and products, including inbound tourism and the export of intellectual property.
481:
Following World War II, both Doug Anthony and John McEwen who were instrumental in Austrade's rapid growth saw an opportunity to target the issue of Australia's balance of payments as the forefront of broader objectives. Policy objectives were achieved whenever difficulties emerged and the result can
460:
Other changes in leadership of the department of trade revolved around the position of secretary which later became available after Jim Scully retired in late 1983. Of the candidates, John Menadue filled the position as a member with an extensive knowledge of private industry and public service. This
436:
Austrade was established in 1986 initially tasked with coordinating and facilitating the country's export promotion schemes (Fletcher, as cited in Chung and Mascitelli, 2017, p. 417). Since then, it lies at the forefront of both Australia's bilateral and multilateral trade agreements and is also
626:
Austrade provides online information on export financing and other government financial assistance programs. It also administers the Export Market Development Grant (EMDG) Scheme, the Australian Government's financial assistance program for aspiring and current exporters, which encourages small and
617:
Organising initiatives with other countries that share attuned roadmaps to growth has been necessary in expanding Austrade's global footprint. Landis (2012) explains Austrade's new streamlined structure following reforms due to the difficulty exporters faced accessing foreign markets. Introduced in
566:
Historically, Austrade has concentrated most of its initiatives in North America, Western Europe and Japan due to the maturity of their economies. This has allowed for the Australian economy to engage in international trade through programs such as the Export Market Development Grants scheme, aimed
452:
Former managing director of Austrade Charles Jamieson initiated Emissaries of trade: a history of the Australian trade commissioner service in 2001. The objective of this independent research report was to develop a single consolidated history of the evolution of Austrade. Austrade played a role in
510:
which has shifted many developing economies' primary industry (a notable example is China which transitioned from agriculture to manufacturing) has meant a focus on developing competitive industries is advised as a key growth model for any modern economy. Chung and Mascitelli highlight Austrade's
468:
Menadue was confident that Australia "had an urban business culture that was addicted to protection. It had its back to the outside world and looked internally to the Australian market". He insisted that there was too much of a focus on the development and promotion of export markets for minerals
456:
The election of the Hawke government in 1983 meant an inevitable change in Australia's approach toward trade. The first structural change of both the trade commissioner service and the department of trade was a resource shift from the trade portfolio to create a new department. This specialisation
590:
Austrade also assists international buyers to source goods and services from Australia or to identify strategic Australian business partners. Areas of development such as mining which has historically elevated Australia's economy continue to be a main policy objective for Austrade moving forward.
493:
Preceding Austrade's formation, economic prospects were under unprecedented scrutiny from high stagflation following the sharp recession from 1982 to 1983. Thus, it was founded with high expectations and backed by a dynamic and coordinated Trade Commissioner Service. In terms of its international
599:
Austrade's role includes the international marketing and promotion of Australian education and training. Austrade co-ordinates and promotes the brand programs "Future Unlimited" which advertises Australian education and training institutions, and "Australia Unlimited" which promotes awareness of
674:
Schedvin provides further historical insight in his Emissaries of trade piece on how legislation has changed over time whereby the Commonwealth government initially took over the responsibility from independent agencies in the 1920s before Austrade's official enactment in 1985. However, broader
581:
Austrade is responsible for the promotion, attraction and facilitation of productive foreign direct investment (FDI) into Australia, and is the first national point of contact for all investment enquiries. Services to international companies are free, comprehensive and confidential. Working in
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Austrade provides information and advice to assist Australian companies in exporting goods and services to markets including Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East and Russia. For Australian exporters and education providers, Austrade has a comprehensive mix of information and customised
558:
Austrade provides advice to exporters on prospective markets and opportunities; on-the-ground support in target countries; trade exhibitions; and assistance in finding potential investors. No charge is made for general information which includes extensive online information, though fees may be
514:
The broader objective of Austrade is to enable service exporters to thrive in a volatile global economy. This often involves helping remove external barriers that prohibit international expansion and initiating long term trade agreements or exchange programs. There are many export sectors that
427:
In Australia, Austrade's services and programs are delivered through a national network of offices and TradeStart locations in metropolitan and regional areas, operating in partnership with Australian state and territory governments, industry associations and regional development bodies.
670:
was passed, which amended various acts to facilitate the agency's name change from "Australian Trade Commission" to "Australian Trade and Investment Commission", with the governing act title also changed accordingly to "Australian Trade and Investment Commission Act 1985".
967:. RBA subsidiaries were involved in bribing overseas officials so that Australia might win lucrative polymer note-printing contracts, and it has been alleged that Austrade officials knew of payments to a Vietnamese spy chief to secure contracts for printing banknotes.
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Australian skills and capabilities. It previously co-ordinated the "Building Brand Australia" program, a 4-year, A$ 20-million program to promote Australia's credentials as a "global citizen, global business partner and world class destination".
608:
Austrade provides information, support and grants to tourism businesses. Austrade's Tourism Research Australia provides free statistics, information and insights and can provide specific tourism research and analysis on a fee-for-service basis.
951:, in the scandal, Austrade did not initiate prosecutions against Tim Johnston and other Firepower principals, as it had previously done against relatively minor perceived offenders such as Western Australian town planner and inventor
423:
Through a global network of offices, Austrade aims to assist Australian companies to connect with buyers in offshore markets, attract foreign direct investment into Australia, and promote Australia's education sector internationally.
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With tourism being a growing and significant export, in 2013 Austrade was given the responsibility for Commonwealth Government tourism policy and programs and the Tourism Research Australia organisation was also transferred to it.
1984:
The Australian Trade Commission. 1996. Australian Trade Commission Annual Report. PDF, Canberra: Australian Government. —. 1996. "Australian Trade Commission Annual Report 1995-96 ." Parliament Information . Accessed 2023.
1986:
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1235:"Survival at the Intersection of Government and Business: The Unique Case of the Australian Trade and Investment Commission (Austrade): Survival at the Intersection of Government and Business"
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In 2011, changes were made to programs and services "to create a more contemporary and sustainable Austrade and to deliver greater value for the business community and for the Government".
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https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/publications/tabledpapers/1704/upload_pdf/HPP042016001729.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22publications/tabledpapers/1704%22
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partnership with Australian state and territory governments, Austrade provides international investors with information needed to establish or expand a business in Australia.
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trade, investment and education promotion agency which was also given responsibility for tourism policy, programs and research from 2013. Austrade was established under the
2072:"New CEO for Austrade, media release, 30 November 2012, Australian Minister for Trade and Competitiveness, Minister Assisting the Prime Minister on Asian Century Policy"
2098:"Stephanie Fahey appointed Austrade Chief Executive Officer, Media release, 17 Jan 2017, Australian Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment, the Hon Steven Ciobo MP"
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Eligible companies may apply for an Export Market Development Grant which provides funding for small to medium exporters for eligible promotional expenses.
647:. Austrade operates as a statutory authority within the portfolio of Foreign Affairs and Trade, its chief executive officer reporting directly to the
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Facilitating investment, particularly within industries of potential growth lies at the forefront of what Austrade is widely known for. An era of
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A range of newsletters, webinars and in person events and activities are available to businesses with many strongly promoted via social media.
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Between 2004 and 2006, Austrade reportedly granted special access privileges and funds totalling $ 394,009 to the fraudulent company
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Austrade.gov.au. “Mr Xavier Simonet Is the Chief Executive Officer O.” Australian Trade and Investment Commission, 2021.
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services to assist doing business within overseas markets and to understand foreign regulations and business practices.
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These indicators remain relevant to Australia's continued reliance on their huge export base in sectors such as mining.
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From its establishment until 30 June 2006, Austrade was governed by a board. As a result of a report by John Uhrig
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1786:"Review of the Corporate Governance of Statutory Authorities and Office Holders (the 'Uhrig Review')"
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955:, who was imprisoned in the late 1980s on charges of making inappropriate export-grant applications.
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It has been alleged that Austrade officials knew about alleged bribes paid by officials from the
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Under Austrade's corporate structure, its chief executive officer is accountable to the Federal
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Curses from Canberra : public service conspiracy and the failure of democratic safeguards
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published in June 2003, the board was replaced from 1 July 2006 by a chief executive officer.
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Global indicator of Australia's export performance and engagement in 2006 (number of exports)
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1962:
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2014:
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1920:, Annual Nonprofit Leadership Address, 3 June 2010, Harvard Club of Australia, hcag.org.au
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Piper, Dominic (2012). "Austrade raises its profile to raise investment opportunities".
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415:. Mr Xavier Simonet was appointed chief executive officer of Austrade in November 2020.
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2061:, Minister for Trade press release TR44, 30 November 2012, www.trademinister.gov.au
1999:
1841:, Austrade annual report 2005-06, Part 4: Accountability and governance, pp. 62–64.
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1972:, Minister for Trade press release MT137, 30 August 1995, www.trademinister.gov.au
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Emissaries of trade : a history of the Australian Trade Commissioner Service
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2024:, Minister for Trade press release TR44, 15 July 1996, www.trademinister.gov.au
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1436:. Canberra: Joint Standing Committee on Trade and Investment Growth. 2019.
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Austrade's role in attracting investment in Australia, dated February 2019
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1515:
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439:
1857:"Reform of the Australian Trade Commission: Maximising Our Value"
1031:
Australian Trade and Investment Commission Annual Report 2013-14
1003:(Report). Australian Public Service Commission. September 2016.
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Australian Trade and Investment Commission (Austrade) office in
1998:
ABC News. “The World Today with Sally Sara - ABC Radio,” 2023.
1374:
Downey, Lloyd (2005). "Marketing Services: How TPOs Can Help".
408:. Austrade is part of the Foreign Affairs and Trade portfolio.
128:
70:
29:
326:
1393:
O'Byrne, Peter (2002). "Australia: Doubling SME exporters".
2181:
ASIC launches action in relation to fuel technology company
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402:
Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013
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1624:
1937:(Press release). Commonwealth of Australia. 8 May 1995.
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in 1978 in hopes of attracting new investment ventures.
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jobs in rural and regional Australia relies on exports.
105:
1671:"A rejoinder on Australia's export promotion programs"
1650:
Landis, David (2012). "Austrade takes new approach".
1058:"Australian Trade and Investment Commission Act 1985"
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It is a non-corporate Commonwealth entity under the
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Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)
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159:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2253:McKenzie, Richard Baker, Nick (30 November 2011).
2035:"Little-known executive gets top job at Austrade"
1233:Mascitelli, Bruno; Chung, Mona (September 2018).
639:, Austrade is a prescribed agency subject to the
2191:Australian Securities and Investments Commission
2159:Firepower director to address creditors by phone
2000:https://www.abc.net.au/radio/programs/worldtoday
641:Financial Management and Accountability Act 1997
2124:https://www.austrade.gov.au/about/our-structure
1889:"Trade Legislation Amendment Act (No. 1) 2016"
1293:. Australian Trade Commission. Barton, A.C.T.
2299:Commonwealth Government agencies of Australia
1545:Commission, Australian Trade and Investment.
965:Reserve Bank of Australia's Securency scandal
8:
2278:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
688:Chairmen of the Australian Trade Commission
668:Trade Legislation Amendment Act (No. 1) 2016
523:of Australia's gross domestic product (GDP).
251:
1818:Australian Trade and Investment Commission
1595:"Grants and support for tourism businesses"
1325:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1239:Australian Journal of Public Administration
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1551:Australian Trade and Investment Commission
1329:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1321:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1163:Australian Trade and Investment Commission
413:Minister for Tourism, Trade and Investment
343:Australian Trade and Investment Commission
252:Australian Trade and Investment Commission
2255:"Austrade officials in scandal spotlight"
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
1958:
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1895:. Australian Government. 23 March 2016.
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2010:
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1980:
1978:
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559:required for specific tailored advice.
314:Xavier Simonet, Chief Executive Officer
2271:
2204:Firepower chief had dinner with Howard
2137:"Austrade doles out to secretive firm"
2104:from the original on 23 September 2017
1794:Department of Finance and Deregulation
1314:
1112:Birmingham, Simon (30 November 2020).
806:Managing directors / CEOs of Austrade
541:of output from FDI stays in Australia.
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2015:Fischer welcomes Austrade appointment
1401:: 12–13 – via ProQuest Central.
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1173:from the original on 19 February 2013
1093:from the original on 25 November 2020
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496:who was a former GE Australia Manager
398:Australian Trade Commission Act 1985.
7:
1899:from the original on 17 October 2017
1862:. AI Group. May 2011. Archived from
1709:from the original on 7 December 2021
1605:from the original on 1 November 2021
1557:from the original on 28 January 2021
1526:from the original on 26 January 2021
1257:from the original on 7 December 2021
1120:from the original on 12 January 2021
637:Australian Trade Commission Act 1985
157:adding citations to reliable sources
1931:"Death of Robert Henry Johnston AO"
1829:, c. April 2010, www.finance.gov.au
1476:from the original on 25 August 2015
1382:: 7–8 – via ProQuest Central.
529:Australian jobs depends on exports.
404:, and a statutory agency under the
1941:from the original on 28 April 2013
1355:from the original on 22 April 2015
1345:"Austrade 2013-2014 Annual Report"
1037:from the original on 22 April 2015
1001:APS Statistical Bulletin 2015-2016
595:For Australian education providers
27:Australian government organisation
25:
2078:from the original on 29 June 2013
1495:Australian education and training
1114:"Appointment of new Austrade CEO"
649:Minister for Trade and Investment
631:Governing legislation and changes
45:This article has multiple issues.
1766:Export Market Development Grants
1675:Australian Journal of Management
1631:from the original on 21 May 2013
1083:"Austrade Annual Report 2019-20"
539:Ninety six cents of every dollar
351:
133:
75:
34:
1893:Federal Register of Legislation
1287:Schedvin, Boris, 1936- (2008).
1192:Austrade's offices in Australia
1007:from the original on 8 May 2018
622:Financial support for exporters
144:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1747:Financing your export business
1412:Austrade Programs and Services
1:
2193:media statement, 21 July 2008
1625:"Tourism Research Australia"
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1801:. June 2003. Archived from
1669:Brewer, Paul (April 2010).
1520:www.studyinaustralia.gov.au
577:For international investors
18:Australian Trade Commission
2325:
2304:Foreign trade of Australia
1736:: 24 – via Informit.
1658:: 34 – via Informit.
1547:"Australia's Nation Brand"
613:Initiatives with countries
519:Exports account for about
2259:The Sydney Morning Herald
2232:. Perth: PEER Institute.
1963:New Chairman for Austrade
1844:Austrade's Annual Reports
1799:Commonwealth of Australia
1395:International Trade Forum
1376:International Trade Forum
1167:Commonwealth of Australia
1139:Global network of offices
816:
813:
277:Commonwealth of Australia
2202:Ryle G. & Magnay J.
1752:27 February 2012 at the
1687:10.1177/0312896209354221
1216:17 February 2013 at the
1144:19 February 2013 at the
1027:"Austrade Annual Report"
586:For international buyers
554:For Australian companies
2209:5 November 2012 at the
2164:7 November 2012 at the
2142:7 November 2012 at the
1825:2 November 2012 at the
1581:2 February 2012 at the
1251:10.1111/1467-8500.12301
1159:"Annual Report 2011–12"
941:Firepower International
935:Firepower International
645:Public Service Act 1999
406:Public Service Act 1999
394:Australian Government's
2186:8 October 2013 at the
1349:Austrade Annual Report
1062:www.legislation.gov.au
666:On 23 March 2016, the
635:Established under the
604:For tourism businesses
490:
449:
2228:Ritter, Paul (1989).
2215:Sydney Morning Herald
2147:Sydney Morning Herald
2020:27 April 2013 at the
1968:27 April 2013 at the
1771:14 April 2011 at the
1500:14 March 2013 at the
1417:26 March 2012 at the
1197:10 April 2013 at the
750:Roger Allen (acting)
488:
443:
2057:29 June 2013 at the
2052:New CEO for Austrade
1846:at official website
1839:Changes to the Board
982:Tourism in Australia
947:and senior minister
153:improve this article
106:improve this article
1820:Austrade Case Study
1775:at official website
1756:at official website
1730:Australia's Paydirt
1652:Australia's Paydirt
1514:Technology, Elcom.
1504:at official website
1421:at official website
1220:at official website
1201:at official website
1148:at official website
432:Historical overview
253:
110:independent sources
1935:Minister for Trade
977:Australian economy
491:
450:
1869:on 16 August 2012
1808:on 21 April 2012.
1443:978-1-74366-960-0
1300:978-1-921244-58-2
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2041:. 14 March 2002.
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903:Stephanie Fahey
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930:Controversies
929:
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919:2021–Present
915:
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890:Bruce Gosper
889:
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508:globalisation
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291:Annual budget
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223:
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209:February 2021
201:
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170: –
169:
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164:Find sources:
158:
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142:This article
140:
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130:
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118:February 2021
111:
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82:
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764:Alan Jackson
679:Agency heads
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151:Please help
146:verification
143:
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44:
1945:29 November
1873:25 November
953:Paul Ritter
945:John Howard
877:Peter Grey
814:MDs / CEOs
711:Bill Ferris
95:and may be
86:reads like
2293:Categories
2239:090964702X
1903:16 October
1713:1 November
1561:23 January
1530:23 January
1452:1197688946
1261:1 November
988:References
906:2017–2020
893:2013–2017
880:2010–2012
867:2002–2009
854:1996–2002
836:1991–1996
820:Reference
793:2001–2006
784:Ross Adler
773:1996–2001
753:1995–1996
740:1993–1995
720:1986–1993
702:Reference
392:), is the
179:newspapers
168:"Austrade"
50:improve it
1703:153865684
1695:0312-8962
1635:9 January
1609:9 January
1480:9 January
1359:9 January
1317:cite book
1309:271473834
1041:9 January
1011:3 January
959:Securency
696:Chairman
329:.austrade
308:executive
283:Employees
56:talk page
2274:cite web
2264:15 March
2207:Archived
2184:Archived
2169:ABC News
2162:Archived
2140:Archived
2102:Archived
2076:Archived
2055:Archived
2018:Archived
1966:Archived
1939:Archived
1897:Archived
1823:Archived
1769:Archived
1750:Archived
1707:Archived
1629:Archived
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1599:Austrade
1579:Archived
1555:Archived
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1498:Archived
1474:Archived
1470:Austrade
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1353:Archived
1351:. 2014.
1255:Archived
1214:Archived
1195:Archived
1171:Archived
1169:. 2012.
1142:Archived
1124:15 March
1118:Archived
1097:15 March
1091:Archived
1087:Austrade
1067:15 March
1035:Archived
1005:Archived
971:See also
643:and the
549:Services
347:Austrade
260:overview
108:and add
2135:Ryle G
2039:The Age
1177:21 July
817:Period
699:Period
448:, China
322:Website
193:scholar
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1516:"Home"
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693:Order
477:Vision
389:-trayd
299:(2012)
265:Formed
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1699:S2CID
446:Wuhan
345:, or
200:JSTOR
186:books
2280:link
2266:2021
2234:ISBN
2110:2017
2084:2013
1947:2012
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1875:2012
1715:2020
1691:ISSN
1637:2022
1611:2022
1563:2021
1532:2021
1482:2022
1448:OCLC
1438:ISBN
1361:2022
1331:link
1327:link
1323:link
1305:OCLC
1295:ISBN
1263:2020
1179:2013
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1069:2021
1043:2022
1013:2017
341:The
331:.gov
268:1986
172:news
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