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Comics in Australia

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is Australia's largest con. It has been held in Sydney and Brisbane each year since 2002 and 2003 respectively and growing to include Perth and Melbourne since 2008. It features, in addition to comic books, a mix of current TV pop cultures, from science fiction and fantasy to anime and manga. It
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In the 1940s, following the banning of the importation of American comics, a number of Australian publishing companies were formed producing comic books, using local comic book artists. Most of which disappeared in the 1950s as a result of import bans being lifted, a censorship campaign, and the
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This was a decade of recession for the Australian comic market, with production costs rising the prices of local comics rose. Comics faced increased public scrutiny, with censorship of comics beginning in 1954, competition from television (1956) and the re-introduction of American comic imports
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Since the late 1970s, the comic scene in Australia has been largely driven by self-publishers who created, printed and distributed their own books, with a few publishers who were willing to publish the work of others gradually emerging. Of these, some companies, such as
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From the 1940s through the 1970s, many local reprints and translations of American – as well as British, European, and South American – comics were published in Australia. Since the 1980s there have been fewer local reprints and more direct importing of foreign comics.
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Australian artists/writers also began to regularly produce work for overseas comics companies, a development made easier by the internet, as a tool for both scouting talent and sending deliverables quickly (which was previously only possible by use of
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the Australian Government placed a ban on the importation of American comics and syndicated proofs. As a result, the local comic book industry flourished. Following the war, Australia incurred a huge national debt: local publishers found they had a
2356:) had a separate category for Adventure /Illustrated Strip Artist (between 1984 and 1999). This award was subsequently merged with the Comic Strip Cartoonist Award until 2010, when the category was reinstated as Comic Book Artist Award. 1539:
form due to easy availability of photocopiers and cheap postage. Many artists who began by self-publishing photocopied black-and-white comics at this time have continued on to become popular illustrators and graphic novelists, including
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During the 1990s, Australian creators continued to place their work in Australian newsagents via distributors such as Gordon & Gotch, to diminishing success. Popular Australian comic books of the era include
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In the 1970s there was a resurgence in local comic activity, drawing inspiration from the explicit and politicised American underground comic scene, although mainly associated with radical journals such as
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Australian Black and White Artists' Club Collection of cartoons and caricature drawings, 1920s; 1943–1991 (approximately 4,000 drawings, watercolour sketches, duotone prints, bromide negatives and bromide
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featured characters such as Bloodthirsty Ben and Callous Claude; The Mulga Merrymakers, Perky Pete the Prospector; and Lucy Lubra the Artful Abo! On 20 May 1934 another Australian comic was published
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Since the 1980s there have been fewer local reprints and more direct importing of foreign comics. On the local front new material started with the release of Tad Pietrzykowski's graphic novel
4659: 4538: 1242:). At the same time another US reprint genre, the tabloid format reprints of Sunday pages and supplements, printed overseas at minimal cost, emerged onto the market. Publications included 4175: 1357:
The 1960s saw the demise of the few locally produced titles that had managed to survive the recession in comic book publishing in the previous decade. Sales of reprints such as
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Burrows, Toby and Stone, Grant (eds.). "Comics in Australia and New Zealand: the collections, the collectors, the creators". New York; Norwood : Haworth Press, c1994.
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Harker, Margot 'Cultural pariahs : The National Library of Australia's collection of Australian romance comics', in ‘’The National Library Magazine’’, March 2009
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Later in the mid-1980s many more anthology comic titles appeared, forming the basis for the modern Australian self-publishing community. Three notable ones were
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features special guest comic book writers and artists and actors from currently in-vogue series, movies and anime, as well as special effects creators.
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Crook, Edgar. 'Comic capers in the National Library', in "NLA News", January 2005, Volume XV Number 4. Canberra: National Library of Australia, 2005.
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as import restrictions continued to be enforced, at the same time the modern American style comic book (mostly sans color) was adopted. In its
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the Australian comic book market was dominated by British comic papers until late 1931 with the launch of the first Australian comic book,
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By 1939 there were political protests about the dumping of overseas magazines and comics in Australia, on behalf of the local industry.
755: 553: 1940:(1953–2020) a publishing company, run John Patrick ‘Jack’ Atkins. It predominately published digest paperback fiction. In October 1950 3370: 3345: 2715: 909: 4153: 2981: 2967: 2953: 2917: 1712: 1304: 997: 558: 118: 1926:, after Fawcett's 1953 demise. In 1954, published what was probably Australia's first adult comic, the controversial, short-lived 99: 4429: 4343: 3360: 3350: 3333: 3055: 1206:
In the late 1930s the market began to be saturated by the release of reprints of US strips popularised by the women's magazines,
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Nick Henderson Comic Collection, 1960s–1990s, ca. 350 items, includes Australian and Australian reprints of American comics
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were also an important recognition of Australian comic creators from their inception in 1991, until the OzCons ceased.
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titles continued to strengthen, with readers beginning to focus on new American imports, particularly the burgeoning
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was published in September 1908. It featured illustrations, with the text printed below and lasted only one issue.
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More permanent venues, retailers and galleries devoted to independent comics work also began to appear, including
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In the 2000s, a significant market for Australian comic creators was commercial Australian children's magazines.
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Maynard, Amy. "The Melbourne Scene: A Case Study of Comics Production, City Spaces, and The Creative Industries".
2739: 2498:, 1930s–1950s (51 boxes, ~550 issues), includes items formerly in the collections of Mick Stone and Graham McGee. 2434: 2091: 1994: 1295: 1089: 856: 835: 712: 337: 1750: 67: 4578: 3546: 3117: 2328: 1605: 1426: 1409: 979: 679: 308: 2630:, circa 1940-circa 1969 (4.7 m, 6 boxes), author, illustrator, comic strip artist and ballet costume designer. 1153:
The Society of Australian Black and White Artists was formed in Sydney in 1924, and still exists today as the
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The Andrew M. Potts Australian independent comic book and fanzine collection, 1989–2003 (3 boxes, 172 items)
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were a much sought after recognition of Home-grown Australia Self-Publishing in the mid to late nineties.
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conventions, held from 1992 to 1998 in Sydney, with an additional event in Melbourne in 1997, and the
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comic with an Australian flavour, it ran for eight issues as an anthology and then another five as
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Reverie Publications – publisher of anthology, firstly in 1985 and then re-established in 2018.
1707:(1948 – c. 1958) — newspaper strip reprints as well as American comics from such publishers as 4290: 4012: 3958: 3908: 3688: 3620: 3610: 3531: 3407: 3193: 3134: 3102: 2977: 2963: 2949: 2913: 2075: 1780: 1675: 1577: 1458: 1400: 1337: 1082: 851: 788: 673: 522: 492: 482: 357: 318: 251: 3930: 2927: 2922: 2602:, ca. 1910–1930 (68 pen and ink drawings) caricatures of Australian politicians published in 1796: 1528: 1203:
by George Little. While there was text below each frame, the panels contained word balloons.
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introduction of television. The predominant publishing companies during this time included:
1978:. They were one of the last major Australian publishers to print original Australian comics. 1805: 1664: 892: 477: 472: 460: 430: 383: 351: 2938:
Nugent, Ann, ‘From Fatty Finn to the Phantom’, ‘’NLA News’’, June 1996, Volume VI, Number 9
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became another form in which Australian comics creators made their presence felt overseas,
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included such titles as The Borderlander co-written by Steve Proposch and illustrated by
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as well as a 1990s revival – over thirty related comics were published in the series).
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revived the Australian adventure style comic book also in 1974 with the best selling
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have gone to produce influential work in the global comics industry (especially in
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Harker, Margot ‘Preaching purity’, in ‘’The National Library Magazine’’, June 2009
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comics, occasionally dipping into a backlist of stories acquired from K.G. Murray.
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but with mainstream distribution – it generated national publicity from opponents
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appeared in 1924, and continued to appear each Christmas for the next 35 years.
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in 1982. Oz Comics in 1983 which debuted The Southern Squadron and the popular
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Comics Australia -Commentary and critique on the Australian comics scene
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Since 2002 international publishers have increasingly begun to publish
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reprints, although they published thousands of other comics, including
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from Sydney in 1986 lasted only four issues, as it was in the style of
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anthology comic lasting seven issues that was distributed nationally..
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Kevin Patrick Collection of Australian Comics, 1970–2005 (~170 titles)
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focusing on its most popular feature (plus other spin offs including
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commenced. It featured three pages of strips and cartoons, including
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Milk Shadow Books – publisher of underground comics, art and writing
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Cartoons and caricatures of current events and public figures by
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The Australian Comics Journal – Australian Sequential Art Review
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Bulletin drawings, 1886–1960 (18,070 drawings), artists include
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Collection of Australian reprints of American and English comics
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Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
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by Wynne Davies. The 13 November 1921 saw the first issue of
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Paper Empires: a History of the Book in Australia, 1946–2005
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Judy Horacek collection of cartoons, 1996–2006 (80 drawings)
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Support and Buy directly from 25+ Australian Comic Creators
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Heroes & villains: Australian comics and their creators
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Comic artists and illustrators oral history project, 1995–
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comic supplement was issued. It featured strips including
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reprints, as well as selected children's and humor titles
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Geoff Pryor collection of cartoons and drawings, 1978–
1918:(1946 – c. 1957) — owned by Vee Publishing Co. Mainly 1298:
Australian talent produced exciting creations such as
3003:— Australian reprint publishers history and database 2295:(J. Marc Schmidt, Jason Franks) and, more recently, 1711:(ACG). Published original Australian comics such as 1066:
On 4 September 1920 the first continuing Australian
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The publication ceased in 1917. 4176:Comics and comic strips made into feature films 2394:The first true Australian Comic Convention was 2220:Kiseki – publisher of bimonthly manga anthology 2066:Fitchett Bros. Pty Ltd, established in 1936 in 1948:, written by Michael Noonan and illustrated by 4367:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association 4255:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection 2962:. Stanmore, N.S.W.: Cassell Australia, 1979. 2960:Panel by Panel: a History of Australian Comics 2948:. Melbourne: State Library of Victoria, 2006. 2594:Arthur Horner Collection of political cartoons 2502:John Ryan collection of Australian comic books 1719:character), a full-color comic by Australians 1046:On 7 October 1911 coloured comics appeared in 932:have been published since 1908 and Australian 4532: 3049: 2705:Collection of Australian comics (~152 titles) 2547:Alan Moir collection of cartoons and drawings 2283:by Australian comic creators, beginning with 1535:The 1990s also saw an explosion of comics in 1138:A number of other children's papers, such as 910: 597: 8: 2561:, 1912–1974 (4937 drawings + 71 photographs) 2520:Michael Hill Collection of Australian Comics 2250:, and other titles. Active in the mid-2000s. 1682:Storeroom and Santa Clara in Melbourne, and 1671:and Gavin Aung Than being examples of this. 205: 2559:Stan Cross Archive of cartoons and drawings 2464:events, again in Sydney from 2000 to 2002. 2094:by Henry Edward Hoffman and closing in 1949 2004:(1998–present) — contemporary publisher of 4558: 4539: 4525: 4517: 4415:British Amateur Press Association (comics) 4303: 4213:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum 4076: 3774: 3481: 3290: 3056: 3042: 3034: 2976:. Redhill South, Vic.: Elgua Media, 1998. 2663:, George Lambert, Geoffrey Townshend, and 2510:, ca. 1940–1960 (312 boxes + 5 fol. Items) 2508:McGee collection of Australian comic books 917: 903: 615: 604: 590: 204: 177: 4410:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors 4324:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers 1956:, using reprint material, which included 998:Learn how and when to remove this message 119:Learn how and when to remove this message 4372:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics 3022:Ownaindi – Australian Comics Marketplace 2456:It was the forerunner of the many later 161:of all important aspects of the article. 2727: 1103:The Strange Adventures of Percy the Pom 843: 765: 704: 655: 631: 530: 336: 280: 259: 231: 210: 2421:was held on 16–18 January 1986 at the 2197:, published over 30 comics since 2010. 2134:Blood & Thunder Publishing Concern 2100:(OPC), established in New South Wales. 1769:(taking over the license from Yaffa), 157:Please consider expanding the lead to 4230:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel 2381:in honour of famed Australian artist 1761:(1983–1986) — reprinted contemporary 7: 4181:Comics solicited but never published 2974:Bonzer: Australian Comics 1900-1990s 57:adding citations to reliable sources 4687:Australian Cartoonists' Association 4501: 4329:Australian Cartoonists' Association 4319:Association of Canadian Cartoonists 3007:Australian Cartoonists' Association 2354:Australian Cartoonists' Association 1877:titles via imprints which included 1743:and other funny animal comics, and 1588:, Julie Ditrich, and Doug Holgate. 4634:The People's Republic of Animation 2822:(Univ. of Queensland Press, 2006). 2716:List of Australian comics creators 1633:Comics and Graphic Novel Portfolio 1155:Australian Cartoonists Association 25: 2576:Stewart McCrae cartoon collection 4857:1908 establishments in Australia 4500: 4491: 4490: 4479: 4467: 4430:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund 4344:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas 4245:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection 2641:State Library of New South Wales 2419:Australian Comic-Book Convention 1690:Australian comic book publishers 952: 886: 573: 218: 135: 33: 4548:Animation industry in Australia 4260:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art 2636:, 1880s–1980s (0.56 m, 4 boxes) 2588:John Spooner cartoon collection 2543:, 1955–1991 (ca. 2472 drawings) 149:may be too short to adequately 44:needs additional citations for 4334:Comic Art Professional Society 3074:Glossary of comics terminology 2742:. 5 September 1908. p. 16 2689:, ca. 1987–1991 (100 drawings) 2578:, ca. 1963–1980 (648 drawings) 2526:Nick Henderson Zine Collection 2057:Publishers of original content 1867:K.G. Murray Publishing Company 1133:Sunbeams (Ginger Meggs) Annual 159:provide an accessible overview 1: 4425:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund 2795:National Library of Australia 2769:National Library of Australia 2480:National Library of Australia 2104:NSW Bookstall Company Pty Ltd 1715:(not to be confused with the 1637:Australian Society of Authors 1616:, Jase Harper, Rich Warwick, 338:Comics by country and culture 4793:The Day My Butt Went Psycho! 4339:National Cartoonists Society 4128:Based on television programs 2685:Caricatures and cartoons by 2496:Australian Comics Collection 2492:' work, galleries and a bio. 2264:and Mr Blood illustrated by 2074:the company was acquired by 1733:(1940s – 1970s) — known for 1125:introduced the character of 4574:Bogan Entertainment Studios 4270:Words & Pictures Museum 2762:"Fatty Finn to the Phantom" 2736:"An Australian Comic Paper" 2549:, 1972–2009 (2008 drawings) 2414:(1981) was held in Sydney. 2193:– imprint of comic creator 978:the claims made and adding 4873: 4692:Screen Producers Australia 4660:Disney Animation Australia 4314:Academy of Comic Book Arts 4286:Center for Cartoon Studies 4208:Belgian Comic Strip Center 3030:Australian Comic Publisher 2894:Sallis, Ed. "Fan-Things," 2885:No. 26 (Dec. 1979), p. 31. 2881:Sallis, Ed. "Fan-Things," 2584:, 1970–1990 (104 drawings) 2555:, 1987–2007 (716 drawings) 2348:From 1984 to present, The 2082:Frank Johnson Publications 1859:, but mostly worked on by 1751:Federal Publishing Company 1627:In 2007 Julie Ditrich and 4462: 4420:Club des bandes dessinées 4154:Best-selling comic series 3732:Portrayal of black people 3071: 2898:No. 28 (May 1980), p. 35. 2694:State Library of Victoria 2606:, by cartoonists such as 2590:, 1989–2008 (58 drawings) 2090:, established in 1943 in 1995:Melbourne Sunday Observer 1871:Murray Publishers Pty Ltd 1863:, who drew it until 1956. 1606:Batrisha the Vampire Girl 4579:Disney Studios Australia 2862:ACA – Comic Book Artists 2541:George Molnar collection 2329:Seven Seas Entertainment 2141:— imprint of cartoonist 1984:(1975–1976) — published 1165:Following the demise of 621:This article is part of 4655:Burbank Films Australia 4639:Working Dog Productions 4596:Flying Bark Productions 4591:Endemol Shine Australia 4225:British Cartoon Archive 4218:National Cartoon Museum 2972:Shiell, Annette (ed.). 2628:Papers of Nan Fullarton 2553:Ward O'Neill collection 2522:, 1990–2000 (435 items) 2183:Generation – published 2098:Offset Printing Company 2070:, after the end of the 1440:The Dynamic Dark Nebula 1101:by Norman McMurray and 4435:Finnish Comics Society 4392:Svenska Serieakademien 4382:Comics Studies Society 4250:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo 3754:Women in Refrigerators 3749:The Hawkeye Initiative 3387:Female comics creators 2832:David Carroll (2001). 2791:"The Comic Australian" 2652:, 1940–1967 (58 boxes) 2600:Percy Deane Collection 2516:, 1987–1993 (25 boxes) 2187:annual manga anthology 2014:Yaffa Publishing Group 1835:reprints, mainly from 1197:Pam and Pospsy Penguin 650: 4779:Awesome Magical Tales 4729:Madman Anime Festival 4171:Comic books on CD/DVD 3421:Comics historiography 2377:, created in 2004 by 2335:), and Finlay Lloyd ( 2240:Phosphorescent Comics 2209:— Co-publisher (with 2113:Phosphorescent Comics 2106:, established in 1940 1759:Australian Edition DC 1709:American Comics Group 1418:Brainmaster and Vixen 1220:Boy's Adventure World 1086:. In August 1925 the 692:Monarchy of Australia 649: 186:Earliest publications 68:"Comics in Australia" 4387:Sequart Organization 4133:Based on video games 3715:Gender and webcomics 3280:Publishing companies 3028:Reverie Publications 2816:Robyn Sheahan-Bright 2634:Papers of Stan Cross 2618:and Dennis Connelly. 2437:to be depicted as a 2398:(June 1979) held at 2293:Slave Labor Graphics 2258:Christopher Sequeira 2207:Giramondo Publishing 2044:comics. Through its 2042:Horwitz Publications 1938:Cleveland Publishing 1853:The Phantom Commando 1821:Horwitz Publications 1736:Classics Illustrated 1244:International Comics 1048:The Comic Australian 878:World Heritage Sites 503:South African comics 53:improve this article 4445:The Hero Initiative 3725:American mainstream 3527:Comics in education 3130:Comic strip formats 2537:(ca. 7290 drawings) 2451:San Diego Comic-Con 2285:The Five Mile Press 2179:Flying Tiger Comics 2048:imprint, published 1946:The Twilight Ranger 1897:, Albert De Vine's 1817:, and other genres. 1809:magazine) but also 1620:, Damien Woods and 1270:and early works by 1179:Fatty Finn's Weekly 1097:, by L. de Konigh; 705:Arts and literature 207: 4609:Glitch Productions 4486:Cartoon portal 4240:The Cartoon Museum 4235:Cartoon Art Museum 3959:France and Belgium 3744:Portrayal of women 3737:African characters 3705:Ethnic stereotypes 2676:Livingston Hopkins 2612:Livingston Hopkins 2570:Matilda collection 2433:, who allowed the 2423:Sydney Opera House 2266:Jan Scherpenhuizen 2201:Gestalt Publishing 2124:Black House Comics 2117:Gestalt Publishing 1988:reprints, part of 1705:Atlas Publications 1695:Reprint publishers 1517:Hairbutt the Hippo 1330:The Phantom Ranger 1285:With the onset of 1234:The Woman's Mirror 963:possibly contains 651: 198:Australian English 4852:Australian comics 4839: 4838: 4831:Australian Comics 4673: 4672: 4555:Companies/studios 4514: 4513: 4474:Comics portal 4458: 4457: 4291:The Kubert School 4194: 4193: 4066: 4065: 3764: 3763: 3689:Widescreen comics 3532:Comics journalism 3402: 3401: 3194:Political cartoon 3135:Daily comic strip 2834:"Sequence Comics" 2307:, Bruce Mutard), 2297:Allen & Unwin 2213:) of Pat Grant's 2046:Page Publications 1954:King Sized Comics 1851:novels, but also 1783:(1948–present) — 1781:Frew Publications 1731:Ayers & James 1727:(as John Welles). 1676:Squishface Studio 1635:for and with the 1614:Patrick Alexander 1600:led the way with 1578:Michal Dutkiewicz 1560:). These include 1544:, Ben Hutchings, 1485:Southern Squadron 1459:Underground comix 1401:Captain Goodvibes 1338:Frew Publications 1008: 1007: 1000: 965:original research 930:Australian comics 927: 926: 636: 614: 613: 580:Comics portal 523:Vietnamese comics 493:Portuguese comics 483:Philippine comics 464: 397: 379:Australian comics 375: 319:Political cartoon 206:Australian comics 203: 202: 181:Australian comics 176: 175: 129: 128: 121: 103: 18:Australian comics 16:(Redirected from 4864: 4665:Mr. Big Cartoons 4614:Honeydew Studios 4559: 4541: 4534: 4527: 4518: 4504: 4503: 4494: 4493: 4484: 4483: 4472: 4471: 4450:Xeric Foundation 4304: 4118:Based on fiction 4077: 3851:China and Taiwan 3775: 3574:Graphic medicine 3517:Autobiographical 3482: 3460:Japanese (manga) 3366:Japanese (manga) 3291: 3058: 3051: 3044: 3035: 2942:Patrick, Kevin. 2899: 2892: 2886: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2829: 2823: 2814:Craig Munro and 2812: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2766: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2732: 2596:, (211 drawings) 2486:www.wnichols.com 2275:Storm Publishing 2129:Blackglass Press 2072:Second World War 1899:High Compression 1665:Simon Hanselmann 1604:and the popular 1398:(which featured 1199:by Hotpoint and 1144:The Boy's Weekly 1099:Fish & Chips 1056:Algy & Kitty 1003: 996: 992: 989: 983: 980:inline citations 956: 955: 948: 919: 912: 905: 893:Australia portal 890: 867:National colours 685:Multiculturalism 639: 634: 626: 616: 606: 599: 592: 578: 577: 478:Pakistani comics 458: 431:Hungarian comics 391: 384:Brazilian comics 361: 352:Argentine comics 222: 208: 178: 171: 168: 162: 139: 131: 124: 117: 113: 110: 104: 102: 61: 37: 29: 21: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4842: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4819: 4786:Sally Bollywood 4743:Animation icons 4738: 4717: 4696: 4679: 4669: 4643: 4629:SLR Productions 4550: 4545: 4515: 4510: 4478: 4466: 4454: 4440:Friends of Lulu 4402: 4396: 4354: 4348: 4295: 4274: 4200: 4199:Collections and 4190: 4164:manga magazines 4137: 4106: 4097:Manga magazines 4062: 4046: 3935: 3839: 3789: 3760: 3693: 3664:Talking animals 3640: 3601:Science fiction 3512:Anthropomorphic 3478:and narratology 3477: 3469: 3416:Years in comics 3398: 3375: 3339:Jewish American 3322: 3289: 3234: 3198: 3118:Trade paperback 3076: 3067: 3062: 2997: 2992: 2908: 2903: 2902: 2893: 2889: 2880: 2876: 2867: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2813: 2809: 2799: 2797: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2712: 2680:Austin O. Spare 2582:Cartoons by WEG 2477: 2392: 2345: 2325:Madeleine Rosca 2301:Nicki Greenberg 2195:Frank Candiloro 2139:Cardigan Comics 2076:Southdown Press 2059: 2022:Charlton Comics 2007:Simpsons Comics 1942:Cleveland Press 1928:Steven Carlisle 1924:Charlton Comics 1922:reprints, then 1906:The Lost Patrol 1861:Maurice Bramley 1815:science fiction 1697: 1692: 1657:Nicki Greenberg 1645: 1594: 1570:Ben Templesmith 1501: 1493:The Dark Nebula 1471:Leigh Blackmore 1436: 1375: 1355: 1346: 1283: 1163: 1064: 1044: 1013: 1004: 993: 987: 984: 969: 957: 953: 946: 938:American comics 934:comics creators 923: 891: 871: 736:Performing arts 734: 676: 637: 633: 620: 610: 572: 421:European comics 406:Croatian comics 401:Canadian comics 358:Bande dessinées 347:American comics 309:Trade paperback 227: 172: 166: 163: 156: 144:This article's 140: 125: 114: 108: 105: 62: 60: 50: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4870: 4868: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4844: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4833: 4827: 4825: 4824:Related topics 4821: 4820: 4818: 4817: 4810: 4803: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4768: 4765:Harvie Krumpet 4761: 4754: 4746: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4704: 4702: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4694: 4689: 4683: 4681: 4675: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4605: 4604: 4593: 4588: 4587: 4586: 4576: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4544: 4543: 4536: 4529: 4521: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4498: 4488: 4476: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4406: 4404: 4401:Charitable and 4398: 4397: 4395: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4310: 4308: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4221: 4220: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4188: 4186:Limited series 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4151: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4123:Based on films 4120: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4083: 4081: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4043: 4042: 4035:United Kingdom 4032: 4031: 4030: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3999: 3998: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3956: 3951: 3949:Czech Republic 3945: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3917: 3916: 3906: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3889: 3888: 3887: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3865: 3864: 3863: 3858: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3825: 3820: 3819: 3818: 3808: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3787: 3781: 3779: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3597: 3596: 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1497: 1435: 1432: 1404:, the work of 1374: 1371: 1354: 1351: 1345: 1342: 1292:captive market 1282: 1279: 1230:Hurricane Hawk 1193:Basso the Bear 1175:The Kookaburra 1171:The Kookaburra 1162: 1159: 1095:The Two Rogues 1083:Smith's Weekly 1080:, appeared in 1063: 1060: 1052:The Golden Age 1043: 1040: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005: 960: 958: 951: 945: 942: 925: 924: 922: 921: 914: 907: 899: 896: 895: 883: 882: 881: 880: 875: 869: 864: 859: 854: 846: 845: 841: 840: 839: 838: 833: 828: 823: 822: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 791: 786: 781: 776: 768: 767: 763: 762: 761: 760: 759: 758: 753: 748: 743: 732: 731: 730: 720: 715: 707: 706: 702: 701: 700: 699: 694: 689: 688: 687: 682: 671: 666: 658: 657: 653: 652: 642: 641: 629: 628: 612: 611: 609: 608: 601: 594: 586: 583: 582: 569: 568: 567: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 533: 532: 528: 527: 526: 525: 520: 518:Turkish comics 515: 510: 508:Spanish comics 505: 500: 498:Serbian comics 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 473:Mexican comics 470: 465: 453: 448: 446:Italian comics 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 394:Welsh-language 389:British comics 386: 381: 376: 354: 349: 341: 340: 334: 333: 332: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 283: 282: 278: 277: 276: 275: 270: 262: 261: 257: 256: 255: 254: 249: 244: 236: 235: 233:Comics studies 229: 228: 225:Speech balloon 223: 215: 214: 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 187: 183: 182: 174: 173: 153:the key points 143: 141: 134: 127: 126: 41: 39: 32: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4869: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4804: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4790: 4788: 4787: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4734:Supanova Expo 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4714: 4713:Stanley Award 4711: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4676: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 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Thomas 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1598:Dillon Naylor 1591: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1562:Wayne Nichols 1559: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1524: 1523:Platinum Grit 1519: 1518: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1506:Dillon Naylor 1498: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1396:Strange Tales 1393: 1392:Cobber Comics 1389: 1388:Nation Review 1385: 1381: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1367:Marvel Comics 1364: 1360: 1352: 1350: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1326:The Lone Wolf 1323: 1319: 1315: 1314:Crimson Comet 1311: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1248:Colour Comics 1245: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1225:Felix the Cat 1221: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1115:Sunbeams Page 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1085: 1084: 1079: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1010: 1002: 999: 991: 988:November 2010 981: 977: 973: 967: 966: 961:This section 959: 950: 949: 943: 941: 939: 935: 931: 920: 915: 913: 908: 906: 901: 900: 898: 897: 894: 889: 885: 884: 879: 876: 874: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 849: 848: 847: 842: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 796: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 771: 770: 769: 764: 757: 756:Pro wrestling 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 738: 737: 733: 729: 726: 725: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 710: 709: 708: 703: 698: 695: 693: 690: 686: 683: 681: 678: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 661: 660: 659: 654: 648: 644: 643: 640: 630: 627: 624: 618: 617: 607: 602: 600: 595: 593: 588: 587: 585: 584: 581: 576: 571: 570: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 536: 535: 534: 529: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 488:Polish comics 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 462: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 436:Indian comics 434: 432: 429: 427: 426:German comics 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 395: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 373: 369: 365: 360: 359: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 344: 343: 342: 339: 335: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 314:Graphic novel 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 299:Digital comic 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 286: 285: 284: 281:Media formats 279: 274: 271: 269: 266: 265: 264: 263: 258: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 239: 238: 237: 234: 230: 226: 221: 217: 216: 213: 209: 199: 196: 192: 188: 184: 179: 170: 160: 154: 152: 147: 142: 138: 133: 132: 123: 120: 112: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: –  69: 65: 64:Find sources: 58: 54: 48: 47: 42:This article 40: 36: 31: 30: 27: 19: 4830: 4814:Dumb Bunnies 4812: 4805: 4798: 4791: 4784: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4708:Ledger Award 4680:associations 4603:Film Studios 4584:Animal Logic 4353:Critical and 4307:Professional 4092:Comic strips 4057: 3785:South Africa 3684:Supervillain 3220:Photo comics 3215:Motion comic 3167:Mobile comic 3093:Ashcan comic 2984:/ 1876677066 2973: 2959: 2958:Ryan, John. 2944: 2895: 2890: 2882: 2877: 2866:, retrieved 2861: 2855: 2843:. Retrieved 2837: 2827: 2819: 2810: 2798:. Retrieved 2785: 2773:. Retrieved 2756: 2744:. Retrieved 2730: 2703:Sarah Howell 2693: 2692: 2640: 2639: 2604:The Bulletin 2479: 2478: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2455: 2427:Jim Steranko 2418: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2395: 2393: 2383:Peter Ledger 2368:Kanga Awards 2367: 2361:OzCon Awards 2360: 2352:(run by the 2321:Queenie Chan 2278: 2247: 2243: 2242:— Published 2232:Darren Close 2214: 2184: 2162:Marcus Moore 2146: 2145:, publishes 2109: 2060: 2045: 2038:Keith Chatto 2033: 2005: 1993: 1975: 1969: 1962:Johnny Comet 1961: 1953: 1950:Keith Chatto 1945: 1941: 1932:Keith Chatto 1927: 1915: 1905: 1898: 1894: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1870: 1852: 1849:Carter Brown 1804: 1788: 1758: 1754: 1734: 1713:Captain Atom 1698: 1684:Junky Comics 1673: 1646: 1626: 1618:Dean Rankine 1609: 1601: 1595: 1586:Marcus Moore 1566:Nicola Scott 1558:fax machines 1554: 1534: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1502: 1492: 1489:The Jackaroo 1488: 1484: 1474: 1455:Phantastique 1454: 1450: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408:) in 1974. 1406:Tony Edwards 1399: 1395: 1394:in 1971 and 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1358: 1356: 1347: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305:Captain Atom 1303: 1299: 1287:World War II 1284: 1276: 1265: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1219: 1213: 1209:The New Idea 1207: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1189:Syd Nicholls 1182: 1181:, featuring 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1164: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1132: 1128:Ginger Meggs 1126: 1118: 1114: 1111:Jimmy Bancks 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090:Sunday Times 1087: 1081: 1073:You & Me 1071: 1065: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1045: 1033: 1029: 1023: 1015: 1014: 994: 985: 962: 929: 928: 857:Coat of arms 836:Video gaming 727: 713:Architecture 619: 441:Irish comics 416:Dutch comics 411:Czech comics 378: 356: 273:Photo comics 167:January 2022 164: 148: 146:lead section 115: 109:October 2015 106: 96: 89: 82: 75: 63: 51:Please help 46:verification 43: 26: 4758:Blinky Bill 4751:Chesty Bond 4619:Plastic Wax 4601:Yoram Gross 4506:WikiProject 4142:Other lists 4087:Comic books 4003:Netherlands 3909:Philippines 3621:Underground 3584:Non-fiction 3502:Alternative 3248:Cartoonists 3230:Text comics 3184:Gag cartoon 3140:Lianhuanhua 3125:Comic strip 3001:AusReprints 2845:17 February 2839:Tabula Rasa 2800:14 November 2775:14 November 2771:. June 1996 2746:14 November 2475:Collections 2431:Will Eisner 2412:Comicon III 2390:Conventions 2271:STaB Comics 2262:W Chew Chan 2174:Daren White 2002:Otter Press 1971:Buck Rogers 1790:The Phantom 1725:Jack Bellew 1717:Charlton/DC 1680:Silent Army 1602:Da 'N' Dill 1550:Jules Faber 1546:Anton Emdin 1526:(1993) and 1420:(1977) and 1410:Gerald Carr 1363:Walt Disney 1359:The Phantom 1334:The Phantom 1318:The Panther 1272:Will Eisner 1256:Buck Rogers 1239:The Phantom 1215:Buck Rogers 1123:comic strip 1076:, drawn by 1068:comic strip 680:Immigration 635:Culture of 544:Cartoonists 513:Thai comics 304:Gag cartoon 294:Comic strip 4846:Categories 4807:Erky Perky 3770:By country 3611:Teen humor 3446:Modern Age 3441:Bronze Age 3436:Silver Age 3431:Golden Age 3371:Macedonian 3346:Australian 3327:By country 3313:Minicomics 3210:Film comic 3203:Techniques 3088:Comic book 2868:10 October 2722:References 2616:Tom Glover 2462:comicfest! 2443:Spider-Man 2408:Comicon II 2309:Scholastic 2185:Generation 2030:John Dixon 1976:Silhouette 1966:Rick Yager 1857:John Dixon 1669:Ariel Ries 1574:Tom Taylor 1511:Da 'n Dill 1451:Fox Comics 1384:High Times 1380:Revolution 1310:Tim Valour 1296:Golden Age 1267:Dick Tracy 1254:featuring 1184:Fatty Finn 1119:Sunday Sun 1078:Stan Cross 1022:, such as 972:improve it 799:Newspapers 723:Literature 554:Publishers 549:Collecting 289:Comic book 268:Cartooning 79:newspapers 4678:Industry 4111:By source 4102:Webcomics 4080:By format 4058:Australia 3861:Hong Kong 3801:Argentina 3679:Superhero 3636:Wrestling 3606:Superhero 3547:Dystopian 3522:Celebrity 3507:Ambiguous 3465:Webcomics 3318:Webcomics 3301:Editorial 3294:By format 3275:Letterers 3260:Colorists 3113:Minicomic 2687:Bill Leak 2665:Unk White 2404:Melbourne 2396:Comicon I 2337:Mandy Ord 2313:Shaun Tan 2305:Mandy Ord 2244:The Watch 2211:Top Shelf 2170:Mandy Ord 2068:Melbourne 2052:reprints. 1903:Hart Amos 1875:DC Comics 1661:Mandy Ord 1542:Mandy Ord 1481:superhero 1467:John Laws 1463:Fred Nile 1422:Fire Fang 1322:The Raven 1113:, in the 1107:Us Fellas 1025:Boy's Own 976:verifying 873:Monuments 826:Mythology 779:Festivals 638:Australia 531:Community 461:Hong Kong 242:Education 194:Languages 151:summarize 4624:RobotDNA 4496:Category 4403:outreach 4355:academic 4265:ToonSeum 4013:Portugal 3921:Thailand 3904:Pakistan 3794:Americas 3710:Feminist 3654:Antihero 3492:Abstract 3426:American 3361:Filipino 3351:Canadian 3334:American 3240:Creators 3172:Webcomic 3103:One-shot 2710:See also 2447:kangaroo 2317:TokyoPop 2228:Killeroo 2226:Ozone — 2092:Adelaide 2088:Hoffmann 1895:Flameman 1793:reprints 1785:Lee Falk 1771:Charlton 1745:Westerns 1532:(1997). 1520:(1989), 1514:(1993), 1476:Cyclone! 1424:(1982). 1414:Vampire! 1361:and the 1349:(1959). 819:Internet 784:Folklore 697:Religion 669:Language 623:a series 324:Webcomic 247:Glossary 4772:Pearlie 4648:Defunct 4279:Schools 4201:museums 4051:Oceania 3986:Ireland 3981:Hungary 3976:Germany 3969:Belgium 3954:Croatia 3931:Vietnam 3669:Masking 3631:Western 3589:Romance 3557:Fantasy 3408:History 3285:Writers 3265:Editors 3177:Webtoon 3155:Yonkoma 3081:Formats 2906:Sources 2671:prints) 2248:Dunwich 2026:Skywald 1916:Cleland 1914:a.k.a. 1869:a.k.a. 1829:Western 1811:Western 1797:Gredown 1753:a.k.a. 1529:Dee Vee 1444:Reverie 1148:Cobbers 1121:, this 1117:of the 1088:Sydney 1035:The Gem 970:Please 944:History 844:Symbols 774:Cuisine 751:Theatre 664:History 656:Society 564:Writers 364:Belgium 329:Webtoon 260:Methods 252:History 93:scholar 4701:Awards 4562:Active 4149:Awards 4018:Serbia 4008:Poland 3941:Europe 3926:Turkey 3823:Mexico 3816:Quebec 3811:Canada 3806:Brazil 3778:Africa 3698:Themes 3646:Tropes 3579:Horror 3569:Gekiga 3552:Erotic 3485:Genres 3451:events 3270:Inkers 3150:Topper 3065:Comics 2980:  2966:  2952:  2916:  2445:was a 2441:while 2435:Spirit 2343:Awards 2291:) and 2172:, and 2034:Catman 2024:, and 1901:, and 1885:, and 1845:Marvel 1837:Timely 1831:, and 1803:(from 1801:horror 1773:, and 1767:Marvel 1741:Disney 1610:K Zone 1369:line. 1300:Yarmak 1261:Tarzan 1232:) and 1020:papers 862:Anthem 831:Sports 809:Cinema 789:Humour 728:Comics 674:People 625:on the 539:Awards 468:Manhwa 456:Manhua 372:Quebec 368:France 212:Comics 95:  88:  81:  74:  66:  4800:Bluey 4722:Expos 4159:manga 4072:Lists 4040:Wales 4023:Spain 3991:Italy 3892:Korea 3885:lists 3880:Japan 3868:India 3674:Rogue 3542:Crime 3497:Adult 3380:Other 3356:Cuban 2765:(PDF) 2458:OzCon 2439:koala 2148:Tango 1930:, by 1841:Atlas 1833:crime 1806:Eerie 1643:2010s 1592:2000s 1499:1990s 1434:1980s 1427:Vixen 1373:1970s 1353:1960s 1344:1950s 1281:1940s 1201:Ossie 1161:1930s 1109:, by 1062:1920s 1042:1910s 1016:Vumps 1011:1900s 804:Radio 794:Media 766:Other 746:Music 741:Dance 559:Sales 451:Manga 100:JSTOR 86:books 4028:list 3996:list 3964:list 3914:list 3897:list 3873:list 3856:list 3844:Asia 3833:list 3720:LGBT 3594:list 3562:list 3392:list 3306:list 3253:list 2978:ISBN 2964:ISBN 2950:ISBN 2914:ISBN 2870:2011 2847:2019 2802:2011 2777:2011 2748:2011 2678:and 2429:and 2417:The 2400:RMIT 2373:The 2366:The 2359:The 2230:and 2215:Blue 2115:and 1964:and 1757:and 1723:and 1651:and 1548:and 1537:zine 1491:and 1465:and 1386:and 1252:Wags 1250:and 1195:and 1167:Pals 1146:and 1140:Pals 1032:and 1030:Chum 852:Flag 189:1908 72:news 3626:War 2896:BEM 2883:BEM 2402:in 2339:). 2327:), 2315:), 2032:'s 1968:'s 1960:'s 1893:'s 1825:war 1787:'s 1608:in 1508:'s 1473:). 1336:by 1187:by 1173:. 974:by 940:), 718:Art 55:by 4848:: 2836:. 2818:. 2793:. 2767:. 2738:. 2659:, 2614:, 2610:, 2406:. 2323:, 2303:, 2246:, 2168:, 2164:, 2160:, 2020:, 1881:, 1827:, 1813:, 1765:, 1763:DC 1678:, 1667:, 1659:, 1624:. 1584:, 1580:, 1576:, 1572:, 1568:, 1564:, 1552:. 1382:, 1328:, 1324:, 1320:, 1316:, 1312:, 1308:, 1302:, 1274:. 1264:, 1258:, 1246:, 1228:, 1222:, 1218:, 1157:. 1142:, 1070:, 1028:, 814:TV 4540:e 4533:t 4526:v 3057:e 3050:t 3043:v 2849:. 2804:. 2779:. 2750:. 2667:. 2331:( 2319:( 2311:( 2299:( 2287:( 2078:. 1998:. 1934:. 1908:. 1843:/ 1839:/ 1747:. 1236:( 1212:( 1001:) 995:( 990:) 986:( 968:. 918:e 911:t 904:v 605:e 598:t 591:v 463:) 459:( 396:) 392:( 374:) 370:/ 366:/ 362:( 169:) 165:( 155:. 122:) 116:( 111:) 107:( 97:· 90:· 83:· 76:· 49:. 20:)

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