336:, "autograph" and "holograph" can be considered synonyms (i.e., a manuscript for which the writer is the author of the work), the former term being generally preferred in studies of manuscripts. Further, he writes that Bach's copies of compositions by other composers "should never be referred to as Bach's autographs, even if they are entirely in Bach's handwriting." He distinguishes two types of partial autographs: the first being written by a set of scribes, including the composer, the second being a copy made by a scribe other than the composer, to which the composer, in a later stage, applied editorial corrections and/or other modifications. According to Tomita, manuscripts of straightforward transcriptions should be referred to as "copy" or "transcription manuscript", while more convoluted arrangements should be referred to as an "autograph" rather than a "copy". In Bach scholarship, "original manuscript" refers to a score or performance parts written (by himself or his scribes) for the composer's own use.
425:
40:
206:
781:) before the fair copy. Other composers used fewer steps: for his cantatas, Bach apparently often started directly with the composing score (with some sketches and drafts written in that score while composing), without, in the end, always transferring such score to a fair copy. Sometimes, however, he started with the transcription of an earlier work, which developed in a revision score, before being transferred to a fair copy. Or otherwise, a revision manuscript could be turned into performance material for a rewritten work: D-B Mus.ms. Bach St 112 VI, Fascicle 1, a partially autograph bundle of performance parts for the
685:
388:
666:
697:
436:
310:
62:
917:
409:
1019:
876:
753:
Fair copy, written out clear enough to be used for performance or publication of the music. Fair copies are not necessarily written by the composer, but if the composer has some control over the process of copying, and possibly adds some corrections or completions in his own hand, the fair copy may
352:
page used as reference for the (D-B) Mus.ms. Bach P 180 manuscript describes that object as an "autograph" (by Johann
Sebastian Bach), then that qualification is not changed to holograph: the context is clear, i.e. written and composed by J. S. Bach, even if this handwritten score was, in
370:
and RISM websites qualify either of these 18th- and 19th-century manuscripts as either autograph or holograph, nor by Bach, nor by Rust, but as versions of a work by another composer dubbed "Keiser". The 18th-century manuscript can however be indicated as an "original source" according to the Bach
1093:
A holograph is a document written entirely in the handwriting of the person whose signature it bears. Some countries (e.g. France) or local jurisdictions within certain countries (e.g. some U.S. states) give legal standing to specific types of holographic documents, generally waiving requirements
762:
cantata is a fair copy which is considered an original source). For pieces with multiple performers, apart from the score itself, also performance parts (i.e. sheet music for individual performers), may exist as autographs, as partial autographs or as copies by others, and would usually be fair
286:
Boorman describes the manuscripts handwritten by a composer as including holographs (copies of their own work) and autographs (copies of the works of other composers). He notes that this distinction is rarely made by "antiquarian dealers or auctioneers", but says that scribes and copyists often
344:, "autograph" is used for a "manuscript (as of an author's or composer's work)" and "holograph" for a "document (as a letter, deed, or will)", and either of these terms only when the explicitly named scribe of the manuscript or document is also the creator of its content. For instance:
339:
In what follows the terms "autograph" and "holograph" are used as quoted in the sources indicated by the footnoted references. When these sources only use a description, such as "in the author's handwriting" or "written in the hand of the author", then, following
201:
gives two common meanings of the word autograph as it applies to documents: "a document signed by the person from whom it emanates" and "one written entirely in the hand of such a person", noting that the latter is "more technically described as a holograph".
807:
Scholarly studies of autographs can help in establishing authenticity or date of origin of a composition. Autographs, and fair copies produced with the assistance of scribes, can also be studied to detect a composer's true intentions. For instance,
1532:
1867:
279:
A document written in the hand of the author or composer. This distinguishes it from the more commonly used word, Autograph, for the latter, strictly, means merely that the document is written by someone who can be
1621:
1999:"CRICK, Francis Harry Compton (1916–2004). Autograph Letter Signed ("Daddy") to his son Michael, outlining the revolutionary discovery of the structure and function of DNA. Cambridge, 19 March 1953"
838:, while only a fourth of 40 complete autograph manuscripts outside that collection are privately owned. One of such exceptional autographs, that came up for auction in 2016, fetched over ÂŁ2.5m.
317:
reported about the X-ray technology he had used on the (D-B) Mus.ms. Bach P 180 manuscript, to distinguish J. S. Bach's autograph composition from later revisions by his son C. P. E.
103:" as a document penned entirely by the author of its content (as opposed to a typeset document or one written by a copyist or scribe other than the author) overlaps with that of "holograph".
424:
626:'s autographs have been the object of critical studies. An autograph page by Tolkien sold for US$ 81,250 in December 2018. Also autograph letters by Tolkien have come up at auction.
362:
1622:
https://www.autographauctions.co.uk/0075-lot-343-RICHELIEU-CARDINAL-1585-1642-Armand-Jean-du-Plessis-Duke-of-Richelieu-and-Fronsac-French-Clergy?auction_id=0&view=lot_detail
782:
1215:
39:
1533:"LINCOLN, Abraham. Autograph manuscript of HIS LAST ADDRESS as President, delivered in Washington D.C. from the window of the White House on the evening of 11 April 1865"
2160:
1771:
A Catalogue and Index of the
Shelley Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library and a General Index to the Facsimile Edition of the Bodleian Shelley Manuscripts, Volumes I–XXII
349:
1606:
1280:
1244:
266:
222:
1795:
2245:
2599:
Medieval
Autograph Manuscripts: Proceedings of the XVIIth Colloquium of the Comité International de Paléographie Latine, Held in Ljubljana, 7–10 September 2010
1120:
820:
was less authoritative as the final state of that opera than the fair copy by the composer's scribes, produced under his direction and with his corrections.
375:
Autograph letters which are not in the handwriting of the person from whom they emanate, and perhaps only bear the signature of their author, such as in the
291:
1425:
Passion pasticcio "Jesus
Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet" (Marks Passion, Weimar version) BNB I/K/1 (Weimarer Fassung); BWV deest; BC D 5a
1200:
191:
2197:
677:
1972:
844:'s autographs have, since a few months after the composer's death in 1827, been sold for considerable prices at auctions. Beethoven's autograph of the
600:
and others in the 3rd quarter of the 20th century, that the composer would have deliberately planned the proportions of his compositions according to
2066:
1841:
205:
1842:"BRONTË, Charlotte (1816–1855): Autograph letter signed ('C Brontë') to D[avid] Waldie, Gloucester Terrace, London, 19 January (1853)"
934:
889:
1444:
796:
689:
2130:
187:
in the author's handwriting," while a holograph is a "(document) written wholly in the handwriting of the person in whose name it appears."
529:
1602:
799:, is a fair copy, but halfway through the (likely incomplete) Fugue the manuscript gradually shifts to a draft with several corrections.
834:
Bach's autograph compositions are rarely available for private collectors: the bulk of his hundreds of extant autographs resides at the
795:
Sometimes a composer's autograph starts as a fair copy, continuing as a draft. For example, the
Fantasia in the late 1730s autograph of
2632:
258:
a document (as a letter, deed, or will) wholly in the handwriting of the person from whom it proceeds and whose act it purports to be
2318:
2610:
2441:
2336:
2240:
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1956:
1913:
1779:
1734:
1348:
1253:
1176:
1080:
1062:
1000:
903:
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copies although earlier stages of such parts may exist (e.g. D-Dl Mus. 2405-D-21 is a set of partial autograph performance parts of
724:, indicating musical ideas written down in the early stages of a composition process, often not more than a few bars of music (e.g.
525:
2491:
2096:
1029:
981:
772:
2268:
387:
953:
608:, was rejected in later scholarship for the absence of any such calculation in the many computational notes left by the composer.
456:
Autograph text, with or without drawn illustrations, or calculations, remains from many authors, from different eras, including:
1998:
1445:"AUTOGRAPH LETTER OF JOHN PAUL II TO BISHOP LICINIO RANGEL AND THE SONS OF THE UNION OF ST JOHN MARY VIANNEY OF CAMPOS, BRAZIL"
2131:"Bob Dylan: Original working autograph manuscript of "Like a Rolling Stone" – the final draft lyrics as recorded (June, 1965)"
1640:
1948:
938:
960:
684:
521:
692:(start of Fugue shown): before the discovery of this manuscript in 1876, the Fugue could not be authenticated as Bach's.
648:
2473:
1275:
967:
895:
809:
739:
Draft, which can contain corrections, and is not necessarily a complete composition (e.g. the autograph of
Schubert's
395:
376:
1562:
Medieval
Autograph Manuscripts. Proceedings of the xvii Colloquium of the Comité International de Paléographie Latine
1044:
287:
included other composers and so identifying them and their autographs can be useful for people studying their works.
1828:
817:
302:
1973:"EINSTEIN, Albert (1879-1955). Autograph letter signed ("A. Einstein") to Eric Gutkind, Princeton, 3 January 1954"
1040:
927:
665:
2532:
1824:
949:
143:
138:
71:
2456:
2392:
2219:
1746:
VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET. 1694–1778. Autograph
Manuscript, being a portion of the original manuscript of
1401:
1397:
2620:
2496:, for the Prelude, Fugue and Allegro for lute or keyboard in E-flat major, BWV 998, n.d. (c.1735–1740)"
2433:
1726:
1687:
1424:
788:, contains four parts which are revision versions originally written for an otherwise undocumented cantata (
704:
314:
2388:
2236:
1496:
198:
48:
2407:
755:
696:
467:
290:
149:
2163:
AUTOGRAPH MANUSCRIPT OF THE TALES OF BEEDLE THE BARD TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL RUNES BY J.K. ROWLING
813:
360:
compiled a score from a composite 18th-century manuscript, partially in J. S. Bach's hand, of the
2668:
2324:
2246:
Johann
Sebastian Bach: His Life, Art and Work – translated from the German, with notes and appendices
1492:
1385:
1285:
841:
835:
829:
552:
294:
115:
2303:
353:
1786, partially altered and completed for performance by the composer's son C. P. E. Bach.
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2024:
1239:
209:
2250:
1934:
974:
435:
2663:
2552:
2544:
2291:
1699:
1381:
605:
501:
2492:"BACH, Johann Sebastian (1685–1750): Autograph music manuscript, titled and signed in autograph
568:
322:
2628:
2606:
2437:
2411:
2367:
2342:
2332:
2201:
2046:
2032:
1952:
1916:
1909:
1775:
1730:
1659:
1585:
1509:
1440:
1409:
1366:
1344:
1249:
1172:
1146:
596:'s autograph calculations have been the subject of minute analysis: a hypothesis, proposed by
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564:
482:
417:
159:
2028:
1938:
1464:
1334:
2571:
2536:
1691:
1575:
1095:
851:
673:
623:
213:
44:
1300:
2523:
2314:
1716:
1644:
1513:
1190:
1168:
669:
611:
574:
439:
413:
154:
134:
2295:
1897:
750:
Composing score (e.g. autograph composing scores survive for several of Bach's cantatas).
597:
587:
428:
2521:
Stroh, Patricia (March 2007). "Beethoven in the
Auction Market: A Twenty-Year Review".
2359:
2328:
2042:
1825:
Anne Brontë, Patrick Branwell, and Emily Jane Brontë: Autograph manuscripts and letters
1675:
1107:
725:
721:
712:
653:
447:
309:
2594:
1559:
1142:
the Master's hand : a preliminary study of Ibn 'Arabi's holographs and autographs
862:
symphony sold for ÂŁ4,546,250: no autograph symphony had ever sold for a higher price.
2657:
2556:
2499:
2308:
2108:
2074:
2002:
1976:
1845:
1536:
1271:
1195:
859:
846:
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643:
617:
488:
167:
is a proposed best-reading, postulated when attempting to reconstruct the autograph.
1603:
Reformation 500: Luther autograph on display – Bodleian Oxford 30 Oct – 3rd Nov 2017
61:
2576:
2460:
2403:
2384:
2273:
2223:
1868:"Manifeste du surréalisme: Manuscrit autographe (Lorient-Paris, juillet-août 1924)"
1428:
1405:
1305:
789:
775:
entailed several sketch and draft stages, and a first stage of the complete score (
744:
601:
548:
401:
367:
357:
111:
2172:
2138:
1875:
1803:
855:
65:"Préface" (preface) and "Choral inappétissant" (unsavoury chorale), first page of
2036:
1942:
1769:
1745:
1720:
1338:
305:: partial autograph, of the "non-autograph copy with autograph corrections" type.
17:
2299:
2193:
1796:"Austen, Jane: AUTOGRAPH DRAFT MANUSCRIPT OF HER UNFINISHED NOVEL 'THE WATSONS'"
1678:(May 2010). "Bach's chorus: the Leipzig line – A response to Andreas Glöckner".
916:
558:
507:
475:
460:
451:
408:
327:
118:. Holographic documents have, in some jurisdictions, a specific legal standing.
1580:
2320:
Franz Schubert: Thematisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke in chronologischer Folge
1150:
1105:, handwritten by Aunt Lydia, plays a central role in Margaret Atwood's novel,
1094:
that they be witnessed. One of the most important types of such documents are
392:
298:
184:
88:
66:
31:
1589:
1905:
629:
180:
107:
100:
54:
2540:
2371:
1204:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–47.
379:, are not further considered in this article about autograph manuscripts.
242:
an original handwritten manuscript (as of an author's or composer's work)
2494:
Prelude [-- Fuga – Allegro] pour la Luth. ò Cembal. Par J.S. Bach
1448:
535:
96:
2415:
2205:
1703:
1695:
1663:
1413:
1370:
2602:
2548:
1920:
1774:. The Bodleian Shelley Manuscripts. Vol. XXIII. Psychology Press.
1752:
1625:
941: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
759:
733:
729:
528:
practice, and his autograph letters to Georg Erdmann in the context of
1140:
137:
which ultimately descended from the same autograph). For example, the
740:
92:
1047:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
695:
683:
664:
434:
423:
407:
386:
308:
289:
204:
60:
38:
2327:, Series VIII: Supplement (in German). Vol. 4. Kassel:
1189:
2476:(1980). "The definitive score of 'From the House of the Dead'".
2038:
Reading The Lord of the Rings: New Writings on Tolkien's Classic
366:
St Mark Passion. None of the available descriptions at the
1012:
910:
869:
2269:"Mahler's second symphony manuscript sells for record ÂŁ4.5m"
2067:"TOLKIEN, J.R.R. (1892-1973). Autograph manuscript, headed
1558:
Pastore, Graziella (2015). Roccati, Giovanni Matteo (ed.).
2648:
717:
Musical autographs exist in various stages of completion:
27:
Manuscript or document written in the author's handwriting
1944:
Bela Bartok: Composition, Concepts, and Autograph Sources
1340:
The Routledge Research Companion to Johann Sebastian Bach
520:
Johann Sebastian Bach's autograph report on the state of
334:
The Routledge Research Companion to Johann Sebastian Bach
1641:
Autograph poem by Dryden on the death of Oliver Cromwell
1036:
106:
Autograph manuscripts are studied by scholars (such as
363:
Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet
2457:
D-B Mus.ms. Bach St 112 VI, Fascicle 1
30:"Holograph" redirects here. Not to be confused with
858:in 2005. In November 2016 the autograph score of a
371:
Digital page on the Weimar version of this Passion.
1570:. Rassegna bibliografica Medioevo (in Italian).
797:Fantasia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 906
690:Fantasia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 906
1281:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
771:Intermediate stages are possible, for instance
267:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
238:something that is written with one's own hand:
179:, an autograph is, apart from its meaning as a
2366:(in German). Vol. 1. Bärenreiter-Verlag.
2249:. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe. p.
1301:"Beethoven's Ninth manuscript could fetch ÂŁ3m"
1265:
1263:
1261:
524:in Leipzig has been studied in the context of
754:still be considered an original source (e.g.
127:(the hypothesised form of an autograph), and
8:
2480:(Media notes). Decca. p. 18. 430 375–2.
2262:
2260:
1245:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
1121:List of most expensive books and manuscripts
776:
223:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
133:(the common ancestor of two closely-related
1722:Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician
1574:(III (177)). Rosenberg & Sellier: 557.
904:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2286:
2284:
2097:"TOLKIEN, J.R.R. Autograph letter signed (
1527:
1525:
743:is an incomplete draft of a four-movement
2215:
2213:
1579:
1487:
1485:
1270:Boorman, Stanley (2001). "Holograph". In
1081:Learn how and when to remove this message
1063:Learn how and when to remove this message
1001:Learn how and when to remove this message
1343:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 47–88.
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
676: 314, displayed in the Buchmuseum (
356:In the second half of the 19th century,
2354:
2352:
1284:. Vol. 11 (2nd ed.). London:
1131:
2364:Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach
1362:
1360:
765:Bach's 1733 Mass for the Dresden court
688:Third page of Bach's autograph of the
141:is the hypothetical protograph of the
1902:BĂ©la BartĂłk: An Analysis of His Music
7:
2572:"Beethoven manuscript fetches ÂŁ1.1m"
2570:Honigsbaum, Mark (2 December 2005).
2029:"Towards a better Tolkien criticism"
939:adding citations to reliable sources
2625:Manuscripts: The First Twenty Years
2478:Janáček: From the House of the Dead
2267:Hann, Michael (29 November 2016).
442:'s 1865 last address as president.
25:
1465:"Cairo Genizah : Philosophy"
1167:, Revised Third Edition. Oxford:
1165:The Oxford English Minidictionary
885:This section has multiple issues.
642:One of seven autograph copies of
526:Historically informed performance
177:The Oxford English Minidictionary
1626:International Autograph Auctions
1510:Emily Brontë's diary paper, 1837
1188:Thompson, Edward Maunde (1911).
1017:
915:
874:
736:survived as autograph sketches).
707:, sold for a record sum in 2016.
264:According to Stanley Boorman in
1402:D-B Mus.ms. D-B N.Mus.ms. 10624
1163:Hawkins, Joyce M. (ed.), 1994.
926:needs additional citations for
893:or discuss these issues on the
212:'s autograph of the lyrics of "
1949:University of California Press
1908:. London: Kahn & Averill.
1757:Retrieved 9 December 2019.
1649:Retrieved 9 December 2019.
1630:Retrieved 9 December 2019.
1611:Retrieved 9 December 2019.
1518:Retrieved 9 December 2019.
1453:Retrieved 4 December 2019.
1299:Kennedy, Maev (8 April 2003).
773:Wagner's method of composition
1:
2649:Shapell Manuscript Foundation
1939:"'Plans' and 'calculations'?"
1493:Leonardo: the Codex Leicester
1382:(D-B) Mus.ms. Bach P 180
1337:. In Leaver, Robin A. (ed.).
758:'s partial autograph of the
649:The Tales of Beedle the Bard
2101:), to Nancy Smith. Oxford,
1829:Morgan Library & Museum
1043:the claims made and adding
950:"Autograph" manuscript
790:BWV 248 VI a
157:of the lost archetype, the
153:, both of which are extant
91:or document written in its
2690:
1581:10.4000/studifrancesi.1217
827:
710:
445:
29:
2533:Music Library Association
2069:The Lord of the Rings III
1564:, edited by Nataša Golob"
1469:Cambridge Digital Library
391:An autograph fragment of
377:Vatican usage of the term
144:Novgorod Fourth Chronicle
139:Novgorodsko-Sofiysky Svod
99:'s hand. The meaning of "
72:Sports et divertissements
43:The opening pages of the
1103:The Ardua Hall Holograph
431:'s diary (26 June 1837).
75:(dated 15 May 1914)
2434:Oxford University Press
2237:Forkel, Johann Nikolaus
1727:Oxford University Press
1688:Oxford University Press
1201:Encyclopædia Britannica
1171:, pp. 29 and 243.
783:last cantata of Bach's
522:his choir and orchestra
397:Guide for the Perplexed
226:, the definitions are:
194:Encyclopædia Britannica
2428:Darcy, Warren (1993).
2391:, Bach Digital Source
2241:Terry, Charles Sanford
1768:Tokoo, Tatsuo (2002).
1447:at the website of the
1139:Hirtenstein, Stephen.
1096:holographic last wills
816:'s autograph score of
777:
708:
693:
681:
604:principles, using the
443:
432:
421:
405:
318:
306:
244:⟨valuable old ~
217:
199:Edward Maunde Thompson
121:Related terms include
76:
58:
2541:10.1353/not.2007.0043
866:Holographic documents
854:) sold for ÂŁ1.1m at
824:As collectable object
699:
687:
668:
468:Matthew of Aquasparta
438:
427:
411:
390:
312:
293:
208:
150:Sofia First Chronicle
64:
42:
2345: 9790006305148.
2325:New Schubert Edition
2025:Drout, Michael D. C.
1443:. 25 December 2001.
1386:Berlin State Library
1216:"De Vlaemsche leeuw"
935:improve this article
842:Ludwig van Beethoven
836:Berlin State Library
830:Autograph collecting
553:Percy Bysshe Shelley
192:1911 edition of the
2627:. Greenwood Press.
2292:Deutsch, Otto Erich
2220:D-Dl Mus. 2405-T-52
1398:D-B Mus.ms. 11471/1
1333:Tomita, Yo (2016).
778:Partiturerstschrift
705:his second symphony
412:Two pages from the
210:Hippoliet Van Peene
116:collectable objects
57:in the 13th century
2175:. 13 December 2007
2045:. pp. 15–28.
2033:Eaglestone, Robert
1951:. pp. 80–82.
1191:"Autographs"
1028:possibly contains
785:Christmas Oratorio
709:
694:
682:
656:1,950,000 in 2007.
606:Fibonacci sequence
567:and their brother
502:Cardinal Richelieu
444:
433:
422:
416:, a manuscript by
406:
319:
307:
303:his ninth symphony
248:of Dickens⟩
218:
114:), and can become
77:
59:
50:Meccan Revelations
2621:Taylor, Priscilla
2077:. 4 December 2018
1979:. 4 December 2018
1696:10.1093/em/caq038
1091:
1090:
1083:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1030:original research
1011:
1010:
1003:
985:
908:
483:Leonardo da Vinci
418:Leonardo da Vinci
216:" (22 July 1845).
160:Primary Chronicle
155:textual witnesses
53:, handwritten by
18:Autograph (music)
16:(Redirected from
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2169:www.sothebys.com
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2005:. 10 April 2013
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1539:. 27 March 2002
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2643:External links
2641:
2640:
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2634:978-0313242816
2633:
2623:, ed. (1984).
2617:
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2597:, ed. (2013).
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2502:. 13 July 2016
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2304:Christa Landon
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2141:. 24 June 2014
2122:
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2016:
1990:
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1935:Somfai, László
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1806:. 14 July 2011
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2469:
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2111:. 24 May 2002
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2103:Christmas Day
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1898:Lendvai, Ernő
1893:
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1878:. 21 May 2008
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1273:
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1254:0-87779-206-2
1251:
1247:
1246:
1242:(ed.), 1981.
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1032:
1031:
1026:This section
1024:
1015:
1014:
1005:
1002:
994:
991:November 2017
983:
980:
976:
973:
969:
966:
962:
959:
955:
952: –
951:
947:
946:Find sources:
940:
936:
930:
929:
924:This section
922:
918:
913:
912:
907:
905:
898:
897:
892:
891:
886:
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871:
865:
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861:
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850:(version for
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644:J. K. Rowling
641:
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631:
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622:
619:
618:Francis Crick
616:
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537:
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531:
530:his biography
527:
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519:
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509:
506:
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500:
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489:Martin Luther
487:
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175:According to
170:
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161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
145:
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132:
131:
126:
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112:paleographers
109:
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74:
73:
68:
63:
56:
52:
51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2624:
2598:
2577:The Guardian
2575:
2565:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2493:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2461:Bach Digital
2452:
2429:
2423:
2404:Bach Digital
2399:
2385:Bach Digital
2380:
2363:
2360:DĂĽrr, Alfred
2319:
2296:Walther DĂĽrr
2274:The Guardian
2272:
2244:
2231:
2224:Bach Digital
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2168:
2162:
2155:
2143:. Retrieved
2134:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2102:
2098:
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2068:
2061:
2037:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1967:
1943:
1929:
1901:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1871:
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1836:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1799:
1790:
1770:
1763:
1747:
1741:
1721:
1712:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1655:
1636:
1617:
1598:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1504:
1472:. Retrieved
1468:
1459:
1441:John Paul II
1436:
1429:Bach Digital
1420:
1406:Bach Digital
1393:
1377:
1339:
1306:The Guardian
1304:
1294:
1279:
1243:
1235:
1223:. Retrieved
1220:lib.ugent.be
1219:
1210:
1199:
1183:
1164:
1159:
1141:
1134:
1106:
1102:
1101:In fiction,
1100:
1092:
1077:
1059:
1050:
1027:
997:
988:
978:
971:
964:
957:
945:
933:Please help
928:verification
925:
901:
894:
888:
887:Please help
884:
845:
840:
833:
812:argued that
810:John Tyrrell
806:
794:
784:
770:
760:BWV 210
745:piano sonata
716:
678:SLUB Dresden
647:
637:21st century
602:golden ratio
598:Ernő Lendvai
588:André Breton
582:20th century
543:19th century
515:18th century
496:17th century
455:
429:Emily Brontë
402:Cairo Geniza
396:
374:
368:Bach Digital
361:
358:Wilhelm Rust
341:
338:
333:
320:
285:
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120:
105:
84:
80:
78:
70:
49:
36:
2669:Manuscripts
2535:: 533–564.
2329:Bärenreiter
2307: [
2300:Arnold Feil
2115:30 November
2081:28 November
1983:30 November
1690:: 223–235.
1680:Early Music
1474:21 February
803:Scholarship
734:D 769A
730:D 309A
594:BĂ©la BartĂłk
559:Jane Austen
508:John Dryden
476:Renaissance
461:Middle Ages
452:Foul papers
400:, from the
393:Maimonides'
326: [
171:Terminology
2674:Penmanship
2658:Categories
2506:4 December
2500:Christie's
2432:. Oxford:
2317:) (1978).
2179:6 December
2145:6 December
2109:Christie's
2075:Christie's
2009:6 December
2003:Christie's
1977:Christie's
1882:6 December
1852:6 December
1846:Christie's
1810:6 December
1543:6 December
1537:Christie's
1151:1049200830
1127:References
1053:April 2016
1037:improve it
961:newspapers
890:improve it
852:four hands
847:GroĂźe Fuge
828:See also:
741:D 840
711:See also:
446:See also:
185:manuscript
147:(NPL) and
130:protograph
108:historians
89:manuscript
32:Holography
2664:Documents
2557:192468809
2416:212000569
2206:212000174
2200:website;
2173:Sotheby's
2139:Sotheby's
1906:Alan Bush
1876:Sotheby's
1804:Sotheby's
1755:website.
1647:website.
1628:website.
1609:website.
1590:0039-2944
1516:website.
1414:452028310
1408:website;
1371:467018000
1286:Macmillan
1225:28 August
1041:verifying
896:talk page
856:Sotheby's
652:sold for
630:Bob Dylan
342:Webster's
323:YĹŤ Tomita
297:'s final
295:Beethoven
276:Holograph
252:holograph
232:autograph
181:signature
165:paradosis
163:(PVL). A
135:witnesses
124:archetype
101:autograph
85:holograph
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