939:. A fighter equipped with these intermediate weapons in sufficient numbers was adequately armed to fulfill most of the Americans' combat needs aloft, as they tended to confront enemy fighters and other small planes far more often than large bombers; and as, in the earlier phases of the war, the Japanese aircraft they dealt with were not only unusually lightly built but went without either armour plate or self-sealing tanks in order to reduce their weight. Nevertheless, the U.S. also adopted planes fitted with autocannon, such as the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, despite experiencing technical difficulties with developing and manufacturing these large-calibre automatic guns.
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bullets and a fair amount of luck to cause them critical damage; but potentially a single cannon shell with a high-explosive payload could instantly sever essential structural elements, penetrate armour or open up a fuel tank beyond the capacity of self-sealing compounds to counter, even from fairly long range. (Instead of explosives, such shells could carry incendiaries, also highly effective at destroying planes, or a combination of explosives and incendiaries.) Thus by the end of the war, the fighter aircraft of almost all the belligerents mounted cannon of some sort, the only exception being the United States which in most cases favoured the
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918:. At the same time as they began to be made from stronger materials, the machines also increased in speed, streamlining, power and size, and it began to be apparent that correspondingly more powerful weapons would be needed to counter them. Conversely, they were becoming much better able to carry exactly such larger and more powerful guns; the technology of which was in the meantime also developing, providing significantly improved rates of fire and reliability.
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distance, while machine guns possessed insufficient range and firepower to bring down aircraft consistently. Continued ineffectiveness against aircraft despite the large numbers installed during the second World War led, in the West, to the removal of almost all shipboard anti-aircraft weapons in the early post-war period. This was only reversed with the introduction of computer-controlled systems.
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1040:. With multiple chambers and a single barrel, autocannons using the revolver principle can combine a very high rate of fire and high acceleration to its maximum firing rate with low weight, at cost of a reduced sustained rate of fire compared to rotary cannon. They are therefore used mainly in aircraft for AA purposes, in which a target is visible for a short period of time.
135:
788:, which was the first successful fully automatic machine gun, requiring no outside stimulus in its firing cycle other than holding the trigger. The pom-pom fired 1 pound (0.45 kg) gunpowder-filled explosive shells at a rate of over 200 rounds a minute: much faster than conventional artillery while possessing a much longer range and more firepower than the infantry
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854:. However, they were of little value, as their shells neither ignited the hydrogen of the Zeppelins nor caused sufficient loss of gas (and hence lift) to bring them down. Attempts to use the guns in aircraft failed, as the weight severely limited both speed and altitude, thus making successful interception impossible. The more effective
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provided reliable protection against these small projectiles. These new defenses, synergistically with the general robustness of new aircraft designs and of course their sheer speed, which made simply shooting them accurately in the first place far more difficult, entailed that it took a lot of such
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range in a high-G close range engagement. This was particularly important with the lower reliability of early air-to-air missile technology, such as that employed during the
Vietnam War. As a consequence, fighters at the time had cannons added back in external "gun pods", and virtually all fighter
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realized that cannons were useful for firing warning shots and for attacking targets that did not warrant the expenditure of a (much more expensive) missile, and, more importantly, as an additional weapon if the aircraft had expended all its missiles or enemy aircraft were inside of the missiles'
901:
auto cannon was expensive to produce, but an exception. Unlike the
Oerlikon, it was effective against all the tanks fielded in 1939, largely because it was built as an upgrade to the Oerlikon, Hispano-Suiza, and Madsen. It even proved capable of knocking out early Panzer IIIs and IVs, albeit with
954:
autocannons would see widespread use by both sides during the Second World War; not only in an anti-aircraft role, but as a weapon for use against ground targets as well. Heavier anti-aircraft cannon had difficulty tracking fast-moving aircraft and were unable to accurately judge altitude or
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When the Second World War did break out, it was swiftly realised that the power of contemporary aircraft allowed armour plate to be fitted to protect the pilot and other vulnerable areas. This innovation proved highly effective against rifle-calibre machine gun rounds, which tended to
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During the First World War, rifle-calibre machine guns became the standard weapons of military aircraft. In the Second, several factors brought about their replacement by autocannon. During the inter-war years, aircraft underwent extensive evolution and the all-metal
882:, used a 20 mm autocannon as its main armament. Although ineffective against tank armour even during the early years of the war, the cannon was effective against light-skinned vehicles as well as infantry and was also used by
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25 mm has a relatively mid-high rate of fire 650 rounds per minute but can be electronically programmed to 175-200 rounds per minute. The rate of fire of a modern autocannon ranges from 90
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assisted them in perfecting the ordnance. Although only about 500+ examples of the original Becker design were made during World War I, the design's patent was acquired by the Swiss
902:
great difficulty. Only 55 were produced by the time of the Polish
Defensive War. However it was in the air war that these weapons played their most important part in the conflict.
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704:, autocannons overheat quickly if used for sustained fire, and are limited by the amount of ammunition that can be carried by the weapons systems mounting them. Both the US
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After the Second World War, autocannons continued to serve as a versatile weapon in land, sea, and air applications. Examples of modern autocannons include the 25 mm
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The development of guided missiles was thought to render cannons unnecessary and a full generation of western fighter aircraft was built without them. In contrast, all
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is an example of an electrically powered rotary autocannon. Another role that has come into association with autocannons are that of
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586:(most often in the range of 20–60 mm (0.79–2.36 in), but bigger calibers also exist), but are usually smaller than
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606:. When multiple rotating barrels are involved, such a weapon is referred to as a "rotary autocannon" or occasionally "
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would be developed during the war to serve as an anti-aircraft and close range defensive weapon for naval vessels.
773:, a twin barrel 23×152 mm anti-aircraft autocannon from the 1960s still in service with some former members of the
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The
Development of Automatic Cannon, Heavy Machine Guns and Their Ammunition for Armies, Navies and Air Forces
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to serve as an anti-tank weapon, a role to which they were suited as tank armour is often lightest on top.
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1017:(Hornet) bomber destroyer. 300 examples of the BK 5 cannon were built, more than all other versions. The
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anti-aircraft autocannon was mounted in pairs in underwing gun pods on a small number of specialized
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602:. When used on its own, the word "autocannon" typically indicates a non-rotary weapon with a single
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1318:, a six-barreled Russian rotary autocannon, has a ROF of 6,000 rounds per minute. Williams, p. 241.
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attacks, where the target dwell time is short and weapons are typically operated in brief bursts.
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was developed at the end of the Second World War and is regarded as the archetypal modern
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728:, for example). Such extremely high rates of fire are effectively employed by aircraft in
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semi-automatic 7.5 cm calibre anti-tank gun was the basis for the BK 7,5 in the
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have relatively slow rates of fire so as not to deplete ammunition too quickly. The
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807:'s perceived need for heavy-calibre aircraft armament. The Imperial Government's
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series of heavy aircraft cannon in 37, 50 and 75 mm calibres, mounted in
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light tank, which was one of the most numerous in German service during the
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remain an option. Common types of ammunition, among a wide variety, include
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Rapid-fire projectile weapon that fires armour-piercing or explosive shells
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Autocannons would serve to a much greater extent and effect during the
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aircraft retain autocannons in integral internal mounts to this day.
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firm of Berlin using
Oerlikon design patents in creating the
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Autocannons are heavy weapons that are unsuitable for use by
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50 mm aircraft autocannon displayed in front of the
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than machine guns, due to the use of larger/heavier
1465:. Shrewsbury, Eng.: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2000.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
838:, autocannons were mostly used in the trenches as
669:system to reduce reloading pauses or for a faster
842:. The British used pom-pom guns as part of their
1492:Extensive documentation of Luftwaffe autocannons
665:). As such, ammunition is typically fed from a
1130:30mm × 113 mm rounds being loaded into a
926:off harmlessly. Similarly the introduction of
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8:
1225:on naval vessels, which are used to destroy
972:under the fuselage or wings. The 37 mm
850:airships that made regular bombing raids on
780:The first modern autocannon was the British
964:deployed small numbers of the experimental
914:, almost entirely replaced wood and fabric
886:. Larger examples, such as the 40 mm
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498:
151:
1029:B-3 twin engined ground attack aircraft.
610:", for short (particularly on aircraft).
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1448:Ballistic Data Performance of Ammunition
689:(AP) munitions, mainly composite rigid (
1357:"World War 2 Fighter Gun Effectiveness"
1285:
1042:
159:
700:Capable of generating extremely rapid
543:that is capable of rapid-firing large-
1162:aircraft kept their guns. During the
815:firm in 1924, with the Third Reich's
7:
1099:remote controlled autocannon of the
756:QF 1-pounder Mk II "pom-pom" of 1903
562:, as opposed to the smaller-caliber
142:25 mm autocannon mounted on an
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1186:automatic cannon turret on a Czech
976:cannon, based on the German Army's
208:Siege artillery in the US Civil War
203:Field artillery in the US Civil War
1402:. New York: Crescent Books, 1983.
621:, they are typically installed on
547:(20 mm/0.79 in or more)
261:Cannons of Maritime Southeast Asia
198:Naval artillery in the Age of Sail
25:
1389:The Machine Gun. George M. Chinn.
1060:jet, a design once tested with it
795:In 1913, Reinhold Becker and his
1304:from the original on 2020-12-04.
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1075:25 mm caliber man portable
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34:
823:wingmount cannon ordnance. The
45:needs additional citations for
1398:Gunston, Bill and Mike Spick.
617:. Due to the heavy weight and
1:
1150:automatic cannon turret on a
933:Browning AN/M2 "light-barrel"
574:. Autocannons have a longer
188:Artillery in the Song dynasty
987:(tank buster) aircraft. The
651:automatic target recognition
193:Artillery in the Middle Ages
910:, pioneered as far back as
1528:
1424:www.tanks-encyclopedia.com
1294:"Oerlikon KBA Description"
1209:, updated versions of the
1205:Bushmaster mounted on the
1077:Automatic Grenade Launcher
706:25 mm M242 Bushmaster
233:List of cannon projectiles
1229:and low flying aircraft.
329:Breech-loading swivel gun
147:armoured fighting vehicle
1446:Department of the Army.
1079:, part of the cancelled
1006:, which also used other
693:) and discarding sabot (
641:, and are almost always
464:Self-propelled artillery
1512:Close-in weapon systems
1332:"Cannon or Machine Gun"
1223:close-in weapon systems
1168:United States Air Force
928:self sealing fuel tanks
414:Large-calibre artillery
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1025:P-1 heavy fighter and
892:ground attack aircraft
856:QF 2 pounder naval gun
846:to counter the German
825:Imperial Japanese Navy
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758:
739:on ground targets via
631:ground combat vehicles
364:Double-barreled cannon
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149:
1461:Williams, Anthony G.
1211:Bofors 40 mm gun
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1118:, an early autocannon
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685:and more specialised
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137:
1420:"Freccia IFV (2006)"
1249:Infantry support gun
942:Weapons such as the
580:terminal performance
409:Infantry support gun
54:improve this article
1116:20 mm Oerlikon
1010:models, and in the
999:, was installed in
989:BK 5 cm cannon
950:and various German
944:Oerlikon 20 mm
564:kinetic projectiles
155:Part of a series on
1254:List of autocannon
1227:anti-ship missiles
1191:
1173:target acquisition
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1012:Messerschmitt 410
890:, were mounted in
880:campaign in France
876:invasion of Poland
840:anti-aircraft guns
813:Oerlikon Contraves
801:20mm Becker cannon
799:firm designed the
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762:Early developments
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150:
1400:Modern Air Combat
1298:WeaponSystems.net
1217:. The 20 mm
1004:bomber destroyers
937:heavy machine gun
803:, addressing the
797:Stahlwerke Becker
737:close air support
718:rounds per minute
710:30 mm RARDEN
627:wheeled carriages
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836:First World War
809:Spandau Arsenal
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687:armour-piercing
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538:fully automatic
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304:Anti-tank gun
302:
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286:Mughal cannon
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276:Korean cannon
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71: –
70:
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1462:
1447:
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
1414:
1399:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1365:. Retrieved
1361:the original
1351:
1340:. Retrieved
1336:the original
1310:
1297:
1288:
1215:Mauser BK-27
1195:Oerlikon KBA
1192:
1160:Eastern Bloc
1157:
1148:Oerlikon KBA
1031:
1013:
1007:
984:
965:
959:
957:
948:Bofors 40 mm
941:
935:.50 calibre
920:
904:
896:
865:
844:air defences
833:
817:Ikaria-Werke
816:
796:
794:
782:QF 1-pounder
779:
714:Oerlikon KBA
699:
671:rate of fire
623:fixed mounts
612:
578:and greater
533:
529:
525:
523:
469:Siege cannon
429:Mountain gun
379:Gun-howitzer
313:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
69:"Autocannon"
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1199:IFV Freccia
1164:Vietnam War
1152:IFV Freccia
1101:German Navy
1032:The German
993:5 cm KwK 39
958:The German
952:Rheinmetall
899:20 mm 38 Fk
897:The Polish
834:During the
775:Warsaw Pact
659:sentry guns
655:acquisition
643:crew-served
598:, or other
572:machine gun
444:Railway gun
394:Hand mortar
389:Hand cannon
354:Demi-cannon
1507:Autocannon
1501:Categories
1479:1109578149
1429:2021-02-28
1367:2020-05-12
1342:2020-05-12
1280:References
1213:, and the
1139:Modern era
1008:Bordkanone
997:Panzer III
966:Bordkanone
697:) rounds.
661:and naval
645:, or even
639:watercraft
596:field guns
557:incendiary
526:autocannon
479:Swivel gun
474:Smoothbore
454:Rifled gun
384:Gun-mortar
314:Autocannon
250:By country
144:M2 Bradley
80:newspapers
1456:169935419
1316:GSh-6-30K
1274:MG 18 TuF
1239:Chain gun
1188:Pandur II
961:Luftwaffe
908:monoplane
888:Vickers S
872:Panzer II
786:Maxim gun
733:dogfights
702:firepower
675:magazines
600:artillery
592:howitzers
588:tank guns
584:munitions
553:explosive
374:Field gun
334:Carronade
309:Artillery
221:Operation
110:June 2009
1302:Archived
1244:Gast gun
1233:See also
1171:minimum
1014:Hornisse
970:gun pods
924:ricochet
916:biplanes
878:and the
848:Zeppelin
741:strafing
726:GSh-6-23
635:aircraft
615:infantry
484:Tank gun
404:Howitzer
369:Falconet
349:Culverin
319:Basilisk
1184:RCWS-30
1083:program
1058:Me 262A
1052:German
771:ZU-23-2
747:History
722:GIAT 30
568:bullets
545:caliber
439:Railgun
344:Coilgun
324:Bombard
298:By type
181:History
161:Cannons
94:scholar
1477:
1469:
1454:
1406:
1201:, the
1097:MLG 27
1019:PaK 40
1001:Ju 88P
974:BK 3,7
946:, the
852:London
730:aerial
673:, but
657:(e.g.
619:recoil
604:barrel
560:shells
424:Mortar
419:Minion
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1219:M61A1
1073:XM307
982:Stuka
821:MG FF
790:rifle
679:HEIAP
649:with
637:, or
536:is a
459:Saker
101:JSTOR
87:books
1475:OCLC
1467:ISBN
1452:OCLC
1404:ISBN
1314:The
1203:M242
1114:The
1081:OCSW
1054:BK 5
735:and
695:APDS
691:APCR
683:HEDP
667:belt
663:CIWS
73:news
1095:An
827:'s
555:or
541:gun
532:or
524:An
138:US
56:by
1503::
1473:.
1422:.
1323:^
1300:.
1296:.
792:.
681:,
633:,
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551:,
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1481:.
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1370:.
1345:.
1154:.
653:/
566:(
513:e
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117:(
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108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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