44:
505:(CRT) screens began to replace electromechanical displays, gauges and instruments. A "glass" cockpit refers to the use of computer monitors instead of gauges and other analog displays. Aircraft were getting progressively more displays, dials and information dashboards that eventually competed for space and pilot attention. In the 1970s, the average aircraft had more than 100 cockpit instruments and controls. Glass cockpits started to come into being with the
471:), or any combination thereof. Some navigation systems such as GPS calculate the position automatically and display it to the flight crew on moving map displays. Older ground-based Navigation systems such as VOR or LORAN requires a pilot or navigator to plot the intersection of signals on a paper map to determine an aircraft's location; modern systems calculate the position automatically and display it to the flight crew on moving map displays.
486:
33:
233:) and new navigation needs brought on by tighter airspaces, have pushed up development costs. The major change has been the recent boom in consumer flying. As more people begin to use planes as their primary method of transportation, more elaborate methods of controlling aircraft safely in these high restrictive airspaces have been invented.
703:) are now available through satellite data connections, allowing pilots to see weather conditions far beyond the range of their own in-flight systems. Modern displays allow weather information to be integrated with moving maps, terrain, and traffic onto a single screen, greatly simplifying navigation.
899:
Electronic support measures and defensive aids systems are used extensively to gather information about threats or possible threats. They can be used to launch devices (in some cases automatically) to counter direct threats against the aircraft. They are also used to determine the state of a threat
756:
have been designed either to deliver a weapon or to be the eyes and ears of other weapon systems. The vast array of sensors available to the military is used for whatever tactical means required. As with aircraft management, the bigger sensor platforms (like the E‑3D, JSTARS, ASTOR, Nimrod MRA4,
635:(GPWS), which use radar altimeters as a key element. One of the major weaknesses of GPWS is the lack of "look-ahead" information, because it only provides altitude above terrain "look-down". In order to overcome this weakness, modern aircraft use a terrain awareness warning system (
568:
and electro-actuated flight surfaces (rather than the traditional hydraulic) has increased safety. As with displays and instruments, critical devices that were electro-mechanical had a finite life. With safety critical systems, the software is very strictly tested.
509:
G‑IV private jet in 1985. One of the key challenges in glass cockpits is to balance how much control is automated and how much the pilot should do manually. Generally they try to automate flight operations while keeping the pilot constantly informed.
577:
Fuel
Quantity Indication System (FQIS) monitors the amount of fuel aboard. Using various sensors, such as capacitance tubes, temperature sensors, densitometers & level sensors, the FQIS computer calculates the mass of fuel remaining on board.
544:
engineer sat in the back seat with bolt cutters to disconnect the autopilot in case of emergency. Nowadays most commercial planes are equipped with aircraft flight control systems in order to reduce pilot error and workload at landing or takeoff.
620:(TCAS), which can detect the location of nearby aircraft, and provide instructions for avoiding a midair collision. Smaller aircraft may use simpler traffic alerting systems such as TPAS, which are passive (they do not actively interrogate the
202:
systems that are commonplace today began as specialized systems to help bomber planes fly steadily enough to hit precision targets from high altitudes. Britain's 1940 decision to share its radar technology with its U.S. ally, particularly the
411:
of 118.000 MHz to 136.975 MHz. Each channel is spaced from the adjacent ones by 8.33 kHz in Europe, 25 kHz elsewhere. VHF is also used for line of sight communication such as aircraft-to-aircraft and aircraft-to-ATC.
1168:
698:
Lightning detectors like the
Stormscope or Strikefinder have become inexpensive enough that they are practical for light aircraft. In addition to radar and lightning detection, observations and extended radar pictures (such as
908:
The avionics systems in military, commercial and advanced models of civilian aircraft are interconnected using an avionics databus. Common avionics databus protocols, with their primary application, include:
1435:
1340:
581:
Fuel
Control and Monitoring System (FCMS) reports fuel remaining on board in a similar manner, but, by controlling pumps & valves, also manages fuel transfers around various tanks.
424:
404:
Communications connect the flight deck to the ground and the flight deck to the passengers. On‑board communications are provided by public-address systems and aircraft intercoms.
321:
equipment, including control, monitoring, communication, navigation, weather, and anti-collision systems. The majority of aircraft power their avionics using 14- or 28‑volt
695:(as sensed by lightning activity) are both indications of strong convective activity and severe turbulence, and weather systems allow pilots to deviate around these areas.
1202:
1068:
81:, the display and management of multiple systems, and the hundreds of systems that are fitted to aircraft to perform individual functions. These can be as simple as a
1408:
145:
biplanes could report their observations immediately in case they were shot down. The first experimental radio transmission from an airplane was conducted by the
1612:
2575:
820:
was one of the first tactical sensors. The benefit of altitude providing range has meant a significant focus on airborne radar technologies. Radars include
2189:
726:
There has been a progression towards centralized control of the multiple complex systems fitted to aircraft, including engine monitoring and management.
1431:
246:
1332:
768:
While aircraft communications provide the backbone for safe flight, the tactical systems are designed to withstand the rigors of the battle field.
737:
concept proposes an integrated architecture with application software portable across an assembly of common hardware modules. It has been used in
2666:
1299:
1041:
939:
923:
350:
1540:
1256:
254:
396:
International standards for avionics equipment are prepared by the
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (AEEC) and published by ARINC.
2229:
1553:
883:). These are all used to provide imagery and information to the flight crew. This imagery is used for everything from search and rescue to
688:
607:
215:
1366:
1585:
2184:
2129:
1994:
727:
111:
2249:
777:
594:
Maintaining fuel in the wing tips (to alleviate wing bending due to lift in flight) & transferring to the main tanks after landing
1277:
1605:
1231:
1162:
1108:
855:
to protect shipping assets from submarines or surface threats. Maritime support aircraft can drop active and passive sonar devices (
43:
657:. They are often recovered from an aircraft after a crash to determine control settings and other parameters during the incident.
2686:
2648:
2568:
730:(HUMS) are integrated with aircraft management computers to give maintainers early warnings of parts that will need replacement.
250:
3068:
1190:
985:
242:
3063:
2219:
1835:
1817:
797:
519:
420:
mode. Aircraft communication can also take place using HF (especially for trans-oceanic flights) or satellite communication.
338:
214:, significantly shortened the war. Modern avionics is a substantial portion of military aircraft spending. Aircraft like the
843:. While the civil market has had weather radar for a while, there are strict rules about using it to navigate the aircraft.
3058:
2681:
738:
653:
Commercial aircraft cockpit data recorders, commonly known as "black boxes", store flight information and audio from the
317:
The cockpit or, in larger aircraft, under the cockpit of an aircraft or in a movable nosecone, is a typical location for
2502:
2343:
1598:
1404:
1129:
3017:
2561:
1079:
734:
710:
and turbulence detection and terrain and traffic warning systems. In‑plane weather avionics are especially popular in
290:
270:
LowVisibility/CeilingApproach/Departure – Allowing operations with weather constraints with less ground infrastructure
47:
141:, but the military sparked development of light radio sets that could be carried by heavier-than-air craft, so that
2224:
2179:
1870:
691:, where it is not possible for pilots to see the weather ahead. Heavy precipitation (as sensed by radar) or severe
456:
2410:
2254:
2204:
876:
464:
2194:
1747:
1677:
1063:
872:
2239:
1580:
536:
to fly bomber planes steady enough to hit accurate targets from 25,000 feet. When it was first adopted by the
333:
systems operating at 115 volts 400 Hz, AC. There are several major vendors of flight avionics, including
1535:, by Mouhamed Abdulla, Ph.D.; Jaroslav V. Svoboda, Ph.D. and Luis Rodrigues, Ph.D. (Coursepack – Dec. 2005 -
1523:, 4th Edition by Albert Helfrick, Len Buckwalter, and Avionics Communications Inc. (Paperback – July 1, 2007)
2924:
2522:
2497:
2259:
2164:
2054:
2024:
1999:
1865:
1830:
1457:
1152:
1008:
880:
840:
301:, a 4.1% yearly improvement: 73.5% came from North America, forward-fit represented 42.3% while 57.7% were
2894:
2863:
2843:
2803:
2608:
2537:
2338:
2234:
2059:
2019:
1875:
1570:
825:
821:
277:
90:
718:, and other countries where air-travel is a growing market, but ground support is not as well developed.
2828:
2701:
2696:
2517:
2435:
2425:
1930:
1642:
1244:
927:
917:
913:
564:, auto-stabilization was used in a similar way. The first systems were electromechanical. The advent of
417:
378:
142:
591:
Centre of gravity control transfers from the tail (trim) tanks forward to the wings as fuel is expended
443:
is the determination of position and direction on or above the surface of the Earth. Avionics can use
3003:
2959:
2929:
2691:
2598:
2482:
2285:
2079:
1890:
1845:
769:
692:
506:
444:
413:
162:
134:
1306:
3022:
2998:
2823:
2726:
2711:
2633:
2603:
2461:
2368:
2084:
1792:
1621:
773:
613:
541:
390:
362:
342:
330:
219:
187:
126:
198:. Many modern avionics have their origins in World War II wartime developments. For example,
2976:
2949:
2868:
2169:
2149:
2144:
2118:
2029:
1970:
1742:
888:
684:
670:
386:
334:
146:
493:
glass cockpit featuring pull-out keyboards and two wide computer screens on the sides for pilots
1362:
967:
180:, which were simple enough that the pilot in a single seat aircraft could use it while flying.
3053:
2643:
2628:
2477:
2214:
2159:
2139:
2069:
2064:
2049:
1737:
1536:
1252:
1227:
1158:
1104:
1052:
753:
294:
86:
37:
585:
Refuelling control to upload to a certain total mass of fuel and distribute it automatically.
3012:
2909:
2749:
2618:
2532:
2415:
2089:
1984:
1707:
1682:
1625:
884:
588:
Transfers during flight to the tanks that feed the engines. E.G. from fuselage to wing tanks
549:
502:
460:
354:
298:
1575:
264:
Negotiated
Trajectories – Adding data communications to create preferred routes dynamically
2969:
2964:
2944:
2934:
2889:
2873:
2848:
2798:
2754:
2706:
2623:
2613:
2542:
2512:
2507:
2358:
2279:
2244:
2209:
2004:
1652:
1273:
1073:
868:
648:
529:
374:
346:
150:
106:
229:
The civilian market has also seen a growth in cost of avionics. Flight control systems (
2954:
2939:
2904:
2833:
2813:
2788:
2773:
2676:
2527:
2387:
2104:
1662:
1657:
557:
440:
435:
322:
211:
78:
3047:
2808:
2759:
2638:
2456:
2395:
2199:
2134:
1772:
1752:
1667:
829:
808:
provide the means of transmitting data (such as images, targeting information etc.).
676:
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537:
498:
480:
166:
154:
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2721:
2492:
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2014:
1980:
1960:
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1945:
1915:
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1717:
1687:
1647:
1002:
996:
781:
485:
358:
318:
195:
1590:
1486:
267:
Delegated
Separation – Enhanced situational awareness in the air and on the ground
2793:
2731:
2671:
2584:
2440:
2323:
2039:
1895:
1016:
979:
621:
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533:
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230:
207:
191:
177:
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130:
116:
82:
70:
58:
2993:
2858:
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2099:
2034:
2009:
1965:
1940:
1925:
1860:
1722:
1712:
1234:. Published by Write Stuff Syndicate, Inc. in 1995. "The Legend of Honeywell."
1029:
1012:
990:
975:
949:
852:
707:
561:
293:
reports $ 1.73 billion avionics sales for the first three quarters of 2017 in
223:
158:
32:
1461:
2981:
2853:
2716:
2487:
2405:
2333:
2308:
2298:
2154:
1935:
1920:
1900:
1855:
1840:
1797:
1782:
1777:
1767:
1702:
1672:
1125:
961:
955:
945:
933:
833:
680:
597:
Controlling fuel jettison during an emergency to reduce the aircraft weight.
525:
204:
199:
1305:. Joint Planning and Development Office. September 30, 2011. Archived from
624:
of other aircraft) and do not provide advisories for conflict resolution.
325:
electrical systems; however, larger, more sophisticated aircraft (such as
3031:
2987:
2764:
2400:
2373:
2348:
2094:
1955:
1885:
1802:
1727:
1697:
1633:
859:) and these are also used to determine the location of enemy submarines.
856:
742:
382:
370:
326:
302:
138:
74:
2919:
2783:
2174:
1825:
1807:
1732:
1057:
971:
936:: Generic Medium-Speed Data Sharing for Private and Commercial Aircraft
793:
789:
785:
654:
408:
222:
have roughly 20 percent of their budget spent on avionics. Most modern
153:, so they required two-seat aircraft with a second crewman to tap on a
17:
2768:
1910:
1880:
1787:
1762:
1692:
711:
700:
553:
366:
174:
1126:"In Memoriam: Philip J. Klass: A UFO (Ufologist Friend's Obituary)"
851:
Dipping sonar fitted to a range of military helicopters allows the
760:
Police and EMS aircraft also carry sophisticated tactical sensors.
3008:
2914:
2303:
1905:
1757:
1487:"14 CFR § 121.357 - Airborne weather radar equipment requirements"
1201:(8). Chicago, IL: Telephony Publishing Corp.: 20 August 23, 1919.
1046:
1035:
817:
805:
715:
484:
468:
306:
241:
Avionics plays a heavy role in modernization initiatives like the
183:
42:
273:
Surface
Operations – To increase safety in approach and departure
261:
Published Routes and
Procedures – Improved navigation and routing
3027:
1563:
801:
636:
632:
628:
617:
452:
2557:
1594:
186:, the central technology used today in aircraft navigation and
2553:
448:
1527:
Avionics
Training: Systems, Installation, and Troubleshooting
548:
The first simple commercial auto-pilots were used to control
616:, most large transport aircraft and many smaller ones use a
190:, was developed by several nations, mainly in secret, as an
776:
Tactical (30–88 MHz) and SatCom systems combined with
524:
Aircraft have means of automatically controlling flight.
149:
in August 1910. The first aircraft radios transmitted by
1432:"Honeywell Looks East While Innovating For Safe Growth"
1019:, Fly-By-Wire Actuation Platforms from Parker Aerospace
226:
now have budget splits of 60/40 in favour of avionics.
552:
and altitude and had limited authority on things like
425:
305:
as the U.S. deadline of January 1, 2020 for mandatory
1558:
1038: – Aircraft digital message communication system
1049: – Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated (1929–2018)
2882:
2740:
2657:
2591:
2470:
2449:
2382:
2278:
2113:
1979:
1816:
1632:
1060: – International aeronautics software standard
841:
radar in fast jets to help pilots fly at low levels
757:Merlin HM Mk 1) have mission-management computers.
416:(AM) is used, and the conversation is performed in
407:The VHF aviation communication system works on the
1517:by Cary R. Spitzer (Hardcover – December 15, 2006)
1393:by Cary R. Spitzer (Hardcover – December 15, 2006)
867:Electro-optic systems include devices such as the
1069:Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station
687:are important for aircraft flying at night or in
89:or as complicated as the tactical system for an
1333:"AEA: Retrofits Lift Avionics Sales through 3Q"
257:put forth a roadmap for avionics in six areas:
964:: Flight Data Recorder for Commercial Aircraft
926:(AFDX): Specific implementation of ARINC 664 (
920:): Ethernet derivative for Commercial Aircraft
784:secure the communications. Data links such as
627:To help avoid controlled flight into terrain (
2569:
1606:
1571:The Avionic Systems Standardisation Committee
1529:by Len Buckwalter (Paperback – June 30, 2005)
8:
1076: – Aircraft electronic recording device
618:traffic alert and collision avoidance system
2576:
2562:
2554:
1613:
1599:
1591:
77:. Avionic systems include communications,
36:Radar and other avionics in the nose of a
1430:Fitzsimons, Bernard (November 13, 2011).
247:Next Generation Air Transportation System
129:was first used in aircraft just prior to
1515:Avionics: Development and Implementation
1391:Avionics: Development and Implementation
1386:
1384:
501:emerged in the 1970s when flight-worthy
194:system in the 1930s during the runup to
31:
1132:from the original on September 22, 2015
1091:
958:: Weather Radar for Commercial Aircraft
836:) and ground tracking/proximity radar.
1559:Aircraft Electronics Association (AEA)
1438:from the original on November 16, 2011
1331:Chad Trautvetter (November 20, 2017).
1103:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 47.
1042:Acronyms and abbreviations in avionics
924:Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet
351:Universal Avionics Systems Corporation
1411:from the original on January 18, 2013
1343:from the original on December 1, 2017
1222:
1220:
974:for commercial aircraft (for example
255:Joint Planning and Development Office
249:project in the United States and the
169:sets were made possible in 1917 (see
7:
1369:from the original on October 4, 2018
1205:from the original on October 1, 2021
1171:from the original on October 1, 2021
1124:McGough, Michael (August 26, 2005).
879:and other passive infrared devices (
706:Modern weather systems also include
689:instrument meteorological conditions
608:Aircraft collision avoidance systems
112:Aviation Week & Space Technology
1280:from the original on April 17, 2019
728:Health and usage monitoring systems
27:Electronic systems used on aircraft
1405:"Broadening Weather Radar's Scope"
1274:"Rotor & Wing: Retro Cockpits"
329:or military combat aircraft) have
253:(SESAR) initiative in Europe. The
25:
1462:"How radar works | Uses of radar"
1191:"Directing Airplanes by Wireless"
276:ATM Efficiencies – Improving the
2687:Failure of electronic components
1581:Aviation Today Avionics magazine
1403:Ramsey, James (August 1, 2000).
633:ground-proximity warning systems
631:), aircraft use systems such as
291:Aircraft Electronics Association
251:Single European Sky ATM Research
1554:Avionics in Commercial Aircraft
1434:. Aviation International News.
1272:Douglas Nelms (April 1, 2006).
986:Commercial Standard Digital Bus
243:Federal Aviation Administration
2523:In-flight entertainment system
2220:Horizontal situation indicator
739:fourth generation jet fighters
520:Aircraft flight control system
514:Aircraft flight-control system
339:Panasonic Avionics Corporation
1:
1154:A Dictionary of the Space Age
741:and the latest generation of
2682:List of emerging electronics
2503:Environmental control system
749:Mission or tactical avionics
683:on commercial aircraft) and
173:) by the development of the
1491:Legal Information Institute
1363:"400 Hz Electrical Systems"
1080:Integrated modular avionics
1011:– Time-Triggered Protocol:
735:integrated modular avionics
722:Aircraft management systems
602:Collision-avoidance systems
3085:
2180:Course deviation indicator
1871:Electro-hydraulic actuator
1300:"NextGen Avionics Roadmap"
664:
646:
605:
517:
478:
457:inertial navigation system
433:
422:
2411:Conventional landing gear
1565:Pilot's Guide to Avionics
1157:. JHU Press. p. 32.
1032:, similar, for spacecraft
930:) for Commercial Aircraft
877:infrared search and track
381:(now Collins Aerospace),
357:(now Collins Aerospace),
157:to spell out messages by
105:" was coined in 1949 by
2195:Flight management system
1226:By Jeffrey L. Rodengen.
1101:A Dictionary of Aviation
1099:Wragg, David W. (1973).
1064:Emergency locator beacon
873:forward looking infrared
675:Weather systems such as
389:), Shadin Avionics, and
2925:Electromagnetic warfare
2498:Emergency oxygen system
2260:Turn and slip indicator
2055:Leading-edge droop flap
2025:Drag-reducing aerospike
2000:Adaptive compliant wing
1995:Active Aeroelastic Wing
1251:. Wordsworth Editions.
948:: Commercial Aircraft (
881:Passive infrared sensor
764:Military communications
3069:Electronic engineering
2895:Automotive electronics
2844:Robotic vacuum cleaner
2804:Information technology
2609:Electronic engineering
2538:Passenger service unit
2339:Self-sealing fuel tank
2235:Multi-function display
1586:RAES Avionics homepage
1576:Space Shuttle Avionics
1521:Principles of Avionics
1151:Dickson, Paul (2009).
826:anti-submarine warfare
822:airborne early warning
528:was first invented by
494:
278:air traffic management
161:. During World War I,
91:airborne early warning
51:
50:with avionics laid out
40:
3064:Spacecraft components
2829:Portable media player
2702:Molecular electronics
2697:Low-power electronics
2518:Ice protection system
2436:Tricycle landing gear
2426:Landing gear extender
1643:Aft pressure bulkhead
1245:Reginald Victor Jones
914:Aircraft Data Network
488:
379:UTC Aerospace Systems
143:aerial reconnaissance
46:
35:
3059:Aircraft instruments
3023:Terahertz technology
3004:Open-source hardware
2960:Consumer electronics
2930:Electronics industry
2692:Flexible electronics
2599:Analogue electronics
2483:Auxiliary power unit
1891:Flight control modes
1533:Avionics Made Simple
459:(INS), ground-based
445:satellite navigation
414:Amplitude modulation
218:and the now retired
121:aviation electronics
38:Cessna Citation I/SP
2999:Nuclear electronics
2824:Networking hardware
2727:Quantum electronics
2712:Organic electronics
2634:Printed electronics
2604:Digital electronics
2462:Escape crew capsule
2369:War emergency power
2240:Pitot–static system
2085:Variable-sweep wing
1793:Vertical stabilizer
1005:: Military Aircraft
999:: Military Aircraft
993:: Military Aircraft
685:lightning detectors
614:air traffic control
497:The first hints of
391:Avidyne Corporation
363:GE Aviation Systems
188:air traffic control
127:Radio communication
109:, senior editor at
2977:Marine electronics
2950:Integrated circuit
2869:Video game console
2667:2020s in computing
2649:Thermal management
2170:Attitude indicator
2150:Airspeed indicator
2145:Aircraft periscope
1466:Explain that Stuff
1460:(August 7, 2007).
1407:. Aviation Today.
889:target acquisition
839:The military uses
671:Lightning detector
538:U.S. military
495:
335:The Boeing Company
52:
48:F-105 Thunderchief
41:
3041:
3040:
3018:Radio electronics
2644:Schematic capture
2629:Power electronics
2551:
2550:
2478:Aircraft lavatory
2215:Heading indicator
2160:Annunciator panel
2140:Air data computer
2050:Leading-edge cuff
1541:978-0-88947-908-1
1312:on April 17, 2012
1258:978-1-85326-699-7
1053:Avionics software
904:Aircraft networks
900:and identify it.
885:navigational aids
754:Military aircraft
463:systems (such as
447:systems (such as
313:Aircraft avionics
196:World War II
87:police helicopter
16:(Redirected from
3076:
3013:Radio navigation
2910:Data acquisition
2619:Microelectronics
2578:
2571:
2564:
2555:
2533:Navigation light
2513:Hydraulic system
2488:Bleed air system
2416:Drogue parachute
2090:Vortex generator
1708:Interplane strut
1615:
1608:
1601:
1592:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1379:
1378:
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1374:
1359:
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1328:
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1321:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1304:
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1287:
1285:
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1121:
1115:
1114:
1096:
828:(ASW), and even
643:Flight recorders
534:World War I
503:cathode-ray tube
461:radio navigation
355:Rockwell Collins
345:(which now owns
299:general aviation
210:, in the famous
73:systems used on
21:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3037:
2970:Small appliance
2965:Major appliance
2945:Home automation
2935:Embedded system
2890:Audio equipment
2878:
2874:Washing machine
2799:Home theater PC
2755:Central heating
2750:Air conditioner
2742:
2736:
2707:Nanoelectronics
2659:
2653:
2624:Optoelectronics
2614:Instrumentation
2587:
2582:
2552:
2547:
2543:Ram air turbine
2508:Flight recorder
2466:
2445:
2378:
2359:Thrust reversal
2283:
2274:
2245:Radar altimeter
2210:Head-up display
2120:
2109:
2005:Anti-shock body
1987:
1975:
1836:Artificial feel
1818:Flight controls
1812:
1678:Fabric covering
1628:
1624:components and
1619:
1550:
1511:
1509:Further reading
1506:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1458:Woodford, Chris
1456:
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1259:
1249:Most Secret War
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1111:
1098:
1097:
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1074:Flight recorder
1026:
942:: See ADN above
906:
897:
869:head-up display
865:
849:
814:
766:
751:
724:
673:
665:Main articles:
663:
661:Weather systems
651:
649:Flight recorder
645:
610:
604:
575:
530:Lawrence Sperry
522:
516:
483:
477:
438:
432:
427:
402:
375:Parker Hannifin
315:
287:
239:
237:Modern avionics
151:radiotelegraphy
137:radios were in
107:Philip J. Klass
99:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3082:
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3034:Communications
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2955:Home appliance
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2905:Control system
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2814:Microwave oven
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2677:Bioelectronics
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2388:arresting gear
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2017:
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1658:Crack arrestor
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1549:
1548:External links
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863:Electro-optics
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681:Arinc 708
662:
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647:Main article:
644:
641:
612:To supplement
606:Main article:
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586:
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571:
558:flight control
518:Main article:
515:
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499:glass cockpits
479:Main article:
476:
473:
441:Air navigation
436:Air navigation
434:Main article:
431:
428:
401:
400:Communications
398:
314:
311:
309:out approach.
286:
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212:Tizard Mission
133:. The first
115:magazine as a
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2760:Clothes dryer
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2639:Semiconductor
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2471:Other systems
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2457:Ejection seat
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2135:Air data boom
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2883:Applications
2864:Water heater
2839:Refrigerator
2819:Mobile phone
2722:Piezotronics
2493:Deicing boot
2421:Landing gear
2364:Townend ring
2354:Thrust lever
2329:NACA cowling
2294:Autothrottle
2286:fuel systems
2284:devices and
2114:
2075:Stall strips
2045:Krueger flap
2015:Channel wing
1961:Wing warping
1951:Stick shaker
1946:Stick pusher
1866:Dual control
1851:Centre stick
1718:Leading edge
1688:Flying wires
1648:Cabane strut
1564:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1494:. Retrieved
1490:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1465:
1452:
1442:December 27,
1440:. Retrieved
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1398:
1390:
1371:. Retrieved
1357:
1347:November 21,
1345:. Retrieved
1336:
1326:
1314:. Retrieved
1307:the original
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1267:
1248:
1239:
1209:November 24,
1207:. Retrieved
1198:
1194:
1185:
1175:November 24,
1173:. Retrieved
1153:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1119:
1100:
1094:
1003:MIL-STD-1760
997:MIL-STD-1553
907:
898:
866:
850:
838:
815:
782:cryptography
767:
759:
752:
732:
725:
705:
697:
674:
652:
626:
622:transponders
611:
580:
576:
573:Fuel Systems
547:
523:
496:
439:
406:
403:
395:
359:Thales Group
316:
288:
240:
228:
182:
125:
120:
110:
102:
100:
66:
62:
54:
53:
29:
2990:electronics
2794:Home cinema
2732:Spintronics
2672:Atomtronics
2585:Electronics
2441:Tundra tire
2324:Intake ramp
2255:Transponder
2040:Gurney flap
1981:Aerodynamic
1896:Fly-by-wire
1778:Triple tail
1496:October 20,
1415:January 25,
1316:January 25,
1128:. Skeptic.
1017:Airbus A380
980:Airbus A350
679:(typically
566:fly-by-wire
562:helicopters
491:Airbus A380
347:Bendix/King
319:avionic bay
231:fly-by-wire
224:helicopters
208:vacuum tube
192:air defense
178:vacuum tube
171:TM (triode)
131:World War I
117:portmanteau
83:searchlight
67:electronics
59:portmanteau
3048:Categories
2994:Multimedia
2984:technology
2859:Television
2789:Home robot
2779:Dishwasher
2741:Electronic
2431:Oleo strut
2319:Inlet cone
2314:Gascolator
2280:Propulsion
2270:Yaw string
2265:Variometer
2121:instrument
2100:Wing fence
2035:Gouge flap
2010:Blown flap
1966:Yaw damper
1941:Stabilator
1926:Side-stick
1861:Dive brake
1748:Stabilizer
1723:Lift strut
1713:Jury strut
1030:Astrionics
1013:Boeing 787
991:IEEE 1394b
976:Boeing 787
950:Boeing 777
853:helicopter
708:wind shear
693:turbulence
507:Gulfstream
475:Monitoring
430:Navigation
423:See also:
159:Morse code
101:The term "
93:platform.
79:navigation
71:electronic
69:) are the
2982:Microwave
2854:Telephone
2743:equipment
2717:Photonics
2406:Autobrake
2334:NACA duct
2309:Fuel tank
2299:Drop tank
2282:controls,
2165:Astrodome
2155:Altimeter
2020:Dog-tooth
1985:high-lift
1936:Spoileron
1921:Servo tab
1901:Gust lock
1856:Deceleron
1841:Autopilot
1798:Wing root
1783:Twin tail
1768:Tailplane
1703:Hardpoint
1673:Empennage
1636:structure
1373:March 19,
1284:April 17,
1195:Telephony
1136:April 26,
968:ARINC 825
962:ARINC 717
956:ARINC 708
946:ARINC 629
940:ARINC 664
934:ARINC 429
857:sonobuoys
834:Arinc 708
816:Airborne
804:and even
743:airliners
542:Honeywell
526:Autopilot
343:Honeywell
327:airliners
303:retrofits
245:'s (FAA)
205:magnetron
200:autopilot
147:U.S. Navy
139:zeppelins
3054:Avionics
3032:Wireless
2988:Military
2920:e-health
2900:Avionics
2769:Notebook
2765:Computer
2658:Advanced
2592:Branches
2374:Wet wing
2349:Throttle
2095:Vortilon
1956:Trim tab
1886:Flaperon
1876:Elevator
1831:Airbrake
1803:Wing tip
1728:Longeron
1698:Fuselage
1634:Airframe
1622:Aircraft
1471:June 24,
1436:Archived
1409:Archived
1367:Archived
1341:Archived
1278:Archived
1247:(1998).
1203:Archived
1169:Archived
1130:Archived
1024:See also
875:(FLIR),
387:Leonardo
383:Selex ES
371:Raytheon
295:business
135:airborne
103:avionics
75:aircraft
63:aviation
55:Avionics
2784:Freezer
2384:Landing
2175:Compass
2123:systems
2115:Avionic
2105:Winglet
1988:devices
1931:Spoiler
1826:Aileron
1808:Wingbox
1733:Nacelle
1683:Fairing
1626:systems
1058:DO-178C
972:CAN bus
895:ESM/DAS
871:(HUD),
824:(AEW),
786:Link 11
655:cockpit
550:heading
532:during
418:simplex
409:airband
97:History
18:Avionic
2915:e-book
2849:Tablet
2809:Cooker
2774:Camera
2660:topics
2119:flight
2080:Strake
1911:Rudder
1881:Elevon
1846:Canard
1788:V-tail
1763:T-tail
1693:Former
1653:Canopy
1539:
1255:
1230:
1161:
1107:
798:BOWMAN
712:Africa
701:NEXRAD
554:thrust
367:Garmin
285:Market
175:triode
165:voice
85:for a
3028:Wired
3009:Radar
2834:Radio
2304:FADEC
2190:EICAS
2065:Slats
1906:HOTAS
1758:Strut
1310:(PDF)
1303:(PDF)
1086:Notes
1047:ARINC
1036:ACARS
847:Sonar
818:radar
812:Radar
806:TETRA
716:India
469:LORAN
385:(now
307:ADS-B
216:F-15E
184:Radar
3030:and
3011:and
2386:and
2250:TCAS
2230:ISIS
2185:EFIS
2130:ACAS
2117:and
2070:Slot
2030:Flap
1983:and
1971:Yoke
1743:Spar
1668:Dope
1537:ISBN
1498:2022
1473:2022
1444:2011
1417:2012
1375:2008
1349:2017
1318:2012
1286:2019
1253:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1211:2020
1177:2020
1159:ISBN
1138:2012
1105:ISBN
978:and
887:and
802:JTRS
796:and
778:ECCM
733:The
669:and
637:TAWS
629:CFIT
556:and
540:, a
489:The
453:WAAS
451:and
297:and
289:The
220:F-14
119:of "
65:and
2225:INS
2205:GPS
2060:LEX
1738:Rib
1337:AIN
1009:TTP
928:ADN
918:ADN
774:VHF
770:UHF
639:).
467:or
465:VOR
455:),
449:GPS
349:),
123:".
61:of
57:(a
3050::
1543:).
1489:.
1464:.
1383:^
1365:.
1339:.
1335:.
1276:.
1219:^
1199:77
1197:.
1193:.
1167:.
1015:,
970::
891:.
800:,
794:22
792:,
790:16
788:,
772:,
745:.
714:,
393:.
377:,
373:,
369:,
365:,
361:,
353:,
341:,
337:,
331:AC
323:DC
163:AM
2767:/
2577:e
2570:t
2563:v
1614:e
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1600:v
1500:.
1475:.
1446:.
1419:.
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832:(
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