Zeppelin - Knowledge (XXG)

1184: 1444: 325: 1959: 1565: 463: 1577: 918:, and the majority of airships manufactured were used by the Navy. Patrolling had priority over any other airship activity. During the war almost 1,000 missions were flown over the North Sea alone, compared with about 50 strategic bombing raids. The German Navy had some 15 Zeppelins in commission by the end of 1915 and was able to have two or more patrolling continuously at any one time. However, their operations were limited by weather conditions. On 16 February, L 3 and L 4 were lost owing to a combination of engine failure and high winds, L 3 crashing on the Danish island of 1304: 1384:, L 31, took place. The 10-Zeppelin raid achieved very little; four turned back early and the rest wandered over a fog-covered landscape before giving up. Adverse weather dispersed raids on 30–31 July and 2–3 August, and on 8–9 August nine airships attacked Hull with little effect. On 24–25 August 12 Navy Zeppelins were launched: eight turned back without attacking and only Heinrich Mathy's L 31 reached London; flying above low clouds, 36 bombs were dropped in 10 minutes on south east London. Nine people were killed, 40 injured and £130,203 of damage was caused. 29: 968:

Galpin and Leckie intercepted and attacked L 46. The Germans had believed that the previous unsuccessful attacks had been made by an aircraft operating from one of the Royal Navy's seaplane carriers; now realising that there was a new threat, Strasser ordered airships patrolling in the Terschilling area to maintain an altitude of at least 4,000 m (13,000 ft), considerably reducing their effectiveness. On 21 August, L 23, patrolling off the Danish coast, was spotted by the British 3rd Light Cruiser squadron which was in the area.

1460: 779:. The French also maintained a continuous patrol of two fighters over Paris at an altitude from which they could promptly attack arriving zeppelins avoiding the delay required to reach the zeppelin altitude. Two further missions were flown against Paris in January 1916: on 29 January LZ 79 killed 23 and injured another 30 but was so severely damaged by anti-aircraft fire that it crashed during the return journey. A second mission by LZ 77 the following night bombed the suburbs of Asnières and Versailles, with little effect. 371:("Steerable aircraft with several carrier bodies arranged one behind another"), an airship consisting of flexibly articulated rigid sections. The front section, containing the crew and engines, was 117.35 m (385.0 ft) long with a gas capacity of 9,514 m (336,000 cu ft). The middle section was 16 metres (52 feet 6 inches) long with an intended useful load of 599 kg (1,321 lb) and the rear section 39.93 m (131.0 ft) long with an intended load of 1,996 kg (4,400 lb). 194: 1909: 994: 684: 2052: 1436: 1315: 578: 507: 1840: 819: 534: 897: 2124: 387: 663:(L 2) caught fire during its acceptance trials, killing the entire crew. These accidents deprived the Navy of most of its experienced personnel: the head of the Admiralty Air Department was killed in the L 1 and his successor died in the L 2. The Navy was left with three partially trained crews. The next Navy zeppelin, the M class L 3, did not enter service until May 1914: in the meantime, 2507: 1740: 1327: 767:: SL 2 was damaged by artillery fire while crossing the front and turned back but the two Zeppelins reached Paris and dropped 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) of bombs, killing only one and wounding eight. On the return journey Z X was damaged by anti-aircraft fire and was damaged beyond repair in the resulting forced landing. Three weeks later LZ 35 suffered a similar fate after bombing 2218: 1589:

basically a modification of the R-class, sacrificing strength and power for improved altitude. The surviving R-class Zeppelins were adapted by removing one of the engines. The improved safety was offset by the extra strain on the airship crews caused by altitude sickness and exposure to extreme cold and operating difficulties caused by cold and unpredictable high winds encountered at altitude.

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reconnaissance missions. Bombing missions, especially those targeting London, captured the German public's imagination, but had little significant material success, although the Zeppelin raids, together with the later bombing raids carried out by aeroplanes, did cause the diversion of men and equipment from the Western Front and fear of the raids had some effect on industrial production.

2017: 692: 1852: 865:, was then modified for the mission: it set off from Yambol on 21 November 1917 and nearly reached its destination, but was ordered to return by radio. Its journey covered 6,400 km (4,000 mi) and lasted 95 hours. It was then used for reconnaissance and bombing missions in the eastern Mediterranean. It flew one bombing mission against 937:'s radio signal announcing that he was engaged with the British battle cruiser squadron. Heading towards the German fleet's position, the Zeppelin was forced to climb above the cloud cover by fire from the British fleet: its commander then decided that it was his duty to cover the retreating German fleet rather than observe British movements. 2175:, the father of the post-war Zeppelin renaissance, was an outspoken anti-Nazi: complaints about the use of Zeppelins for propaganda purposes in 1936 led Goebbels to declare "Dr. Eckener has placed himself outside the pale of society. Henceforth his name is not to be mentioned in the newspapers and his photograph is not to be published". 1792:"On the coming into force of the present Treaty, all military and naval aeronautical material ... must be delivered to the Governments of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers ... In particular, this material will include all items under the following heads which are or have been in use or were designed for warlike purposes: 1484:. After receiving heavy gunfire and encountering a multitude of anti-aircraft search lights over London, Peterson decided to head up the Essex coast from Tilbury and abort the mission. Water ballast was dropped to gain altitude and L 32 climbed to 13,000 feet. Shortly afterwards at 12:45 L 32 was spotted by 2nd Lieutenant 1724:

610 m (2,000 ft) to the maximum ceiling, around 9 km/h (5.6 mph) to the top speed, and greatly increased crew comfort and hence endurance. Twenty-two P-class airships were built; the first, LZ 38, was delivered to the Army on 3 April 1915. The P class was followed by a lengthened version, the Q class.

1296:(RFC), with the Navy engaging enemy airships approaching the coast while the RFC took responsibility once the enemy had crossed the coastline. Initially the War Office had believed that the Zeppelins used a layer of inert gas to protect themselves from incendiary bullets, and favoured the use of bombs or devices like the 631: 1219:. The Zeppelin was the target of concentrated anti-aircraft fire, but no hits were scored and the falling shrapnel caused both damage and alarm on the ground. The raid killed 22 people and injured 87. The monetary cost of the damage was over one sixth of the total damage costs inflicted by bombing raids during the war. 383:. Berg was under contract not to supply aluminium to any other airship manufacturer, and subsequently made a payment to Schwarz's widow as compensation for breaking this agreement. Schwarz's design differed fundamentally from Zeppelin's, crucially lacking the use of separate gasbags inside a rigid envelope. 1825:

A total of 84 Zeppelins were built during the war. Over 60 were lost, roughly evenly divided between accident and enemy action. 51 raids had been made on England alone, in which 5,806 bombs were dropped, killing 557 people and injuring 1,358 while causing damage estimated at £1.5 million. It has been

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On 16–17 June, another raid was attempted. Six Zeppelins were to take part, but two were kept in their shed by high winds and another two were forced to return by engine failure. L 42 bombed Ramsgate, hitting a munitions store. The month-old L 48, the first U class Zeppelin, was forced

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on 16–17 May, before returning to bomb Southend on 26–27 May. These four raids killed six people and injured six, causing property damage estimated at £16,898. Twice Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) aircraft tried to intercept LZ 38 but on both occasions it was either able to outclimb the aircraft

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on 7 January 1915, although he excluded London as a target and further demanded that no attacks be made on historic buildings. The raids were intended to target only military sites on the east coast and around the Thames estuary, but bombing accuracy was poor owing to the height at which the airships

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machine guns during 1916. The British had been concerned over the threat posed by Zeppelins since 1909, and attacked the Zeppelin bases early in the war. LZ 25 was destroyed in its hangar at Düsseldorf on 8 October 1914 by bombs dropped by Flt Lt Reginald Marix, RNAS, and the sheds at Cologne as

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several important changes had made traveling much more comfortable: the passenger space had been relocated to the interior of the framework, passenger rooms were insulated from the exterior by the dining area, and forced-warm air could be circulated from the water that cooled the forward engines. The

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company. While their dirigibles were never as successful, Professor Schütte's more scientific approach to airship design led to important innovations including the streamlined hull shape, the simpler cruciform fins (replacing the more complicated box-like arrangements of older Zeppelins), individual

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The next raid came on 1 October 1916. Eleven Zeppelins were launched at targets in the Midlands and at London. Only L 31, commanded by the experienced Heinrich Mathy making his 15th raid, reached London. As the airship neared Cheshunt at about 23:20 it was picked up by searchlights and attacked

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incendiary rounds. L 32, according to witness accounts, violently turned and lost altitude, burning from both ends and along its back. The airship narrowly missed Billericay High Street as it passed over, one witness saying the windows to her home rattled and the Zeppelin sounded like a hissing

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After three more raids were scattered by the weather, a five-Zeppelin raid was launched by the Navy on 13 October, the "Theatreland Raid." Arriving over the Norfolk coast at around 18:30, the Zeppelins encountered new ground defences installed since the September raid; these had no success, although

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by an H.12 flown by Lt. Galpin and Sub-Lt. Leckie, which had been alerted following interception of its radio traffic. Two abortive interceptions were made by Galpin and Leckie on 24 May and 5 June. On 14 June, L 43 was brought down by an H.12 flown by Sub Lts. Hobbs and Dickie. On the same day

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Z I. First flown on 16 January 1913, it was wrecked on 19 March of the same year. In April 1913 its newly built sister-ship LZ 15 (Z IV) accidentally intruded into French airspace owing to a navigational error caused by high winds and poor visibility. The commander judged it proper to

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Early models had a fairly small externally-mounted gondola for passengers and crew beneath the frame. This space was never heated, because fire outside of the kitchen was considered too risky, and during trips across the North Atlantic or Siberia passengers were forced to bundle in blankets and furs

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The pre-war M-class designs were quickly enlarged, to produce the 163 metres (536 ft) long duralumin P-class, which increased gas capacity from 22,500 to 31,880 m (794,500 to 1,126,000 cu ft), introduced a fully enclosed gondola and had an extra engine. These modifications added

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In 1915, patrols were only carried out on 124 days and in other years the total was considerably less. They prevented British ships from approaching Germany, spotted when and where the British were laying mines and later aided in the destruction of those mines. Zeppelins would sometimes land on the

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This accident would have finished Zeppelin's experiments, but his flights had generated huge public interest and a sense of national pride regarding his work, and spontaneous donations from the public began pouring in, eventually totalling over six million marks. This enabled the Count to found the

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halving the bomb load, removing the defensive armament and by reducing the number of engines to five. However these were not successful as bombers: the greater height at which they operated greatly hindered navigation, and their reduced power made them vulnerable to unfavorable weather conditions.

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In 1917, following losses to the air defences over Britain, new designs were produced which were capable of flying at much higher altitudes, typically operating at around 6,100 m (20,000 ft). This was achieved by reducing the weight of the airship by reducing the weight of the structure,

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In July 1916 Luftschiffbau Zeppelin introduced the R-class, 199.49 metres (654 feet 6 inches) long, and with a volume of 55,210 m (1,949,600 cu ft). These could carry loads of three to four tons of bombs and reach speeds of up to 103 km/h (64 mph), powered by six

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To counter the increasingly effective defences new Zeppelins were introduced which had an increased operating altitude of 16,500 feet (5,000 m) and a ceiling of 21,000 feet (6,400 m). The first of these S-class Zeppelins, LZ 91 (L 42) entered service in February 1917. They were

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on 5–6 March but were forced by high winds to divert to Hull, killing 18, injuring 52 and causing £25,005 damage. At the beginning of April raids were attempted on five successive nights. Ten airships set off on 31 March: most turned back and L 15, damaged by antiaircraft fire and an aircraft

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on 15–16 June the short summer nights discouraged further raids for some months, and the remaining Army Zeppelins were reassigned to the Eastern and Balkan fronts. The Navy resumed raids on Britain in August, when three largely ineffective raids were carried out. On 10 August the antiaircraft guns

494:, first flown on 20 June 1908. On 1 July it was flown over Switzerland to Zürich and then back to Lake Constance, covering 386 km (240 mi) and reaching an altitude of 795 m (2,608 ft). An attempt to complete the 24-hour trial flight ended when LZ 4 had to make a landing at 1885:

However, in 1921 the Allied Powers demanded that these should be handed over as war reparations as compensation for the dirigibles destroyed by their crews in 1919. Germany was not allowed to construct military aircraft and only airships of less than 28,000 m (1,000,000 cu ft) were

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The loss of SL 11 to the new ammunition ended the German Army's enthusiasm for raids on Britain. The German Navy remained aggressive, and another 12-Zeppelin raid was launched on 23–24 September. Eight older airships bombed targets in the Midlands and northeast, while four R-class Zeppelins

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containing whisky. Raids on 4/5 April and 5/6 April had little effect, as did a five-Zeppelin raid on 25/6 April and a raid by a single Army Zeppelin the following night. On 2/3 July a nine-Zeppelin raid against Manchester and Rosyth was largely ineffective due to weather conditions, and one was

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Count Zeppelin began to seriously pursue his project after his early retirement from the army in 1890 at the age of 52. Convinced of the potential importance of aviation, he started working on various designs in 1891, and had completed detailed designs by 1893. An official committee reviewed his

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On 12 October at 07:30 local time the Zeppelin took off for the US under the command of Hugo Eckener. The ship completed its 8,050 kilometres (5,000 mi) voyage without any difficulties in 80 hours 45 minutes. American crowds enthusiastically celebrated the arrival, and President

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The biggest raid to date was launched on 2–3 September, when twelve German Navy and four Army airships set out to bomb London. A combination of rain and snowstorms scattered the airships while they were still over the North Sea. Only one of the naval airships came within seven miles of central

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oil fields on 4 September but was wrecked on attempting to land after the mission. Its replacement, LZ 86, was damaged by anti-aircraft fire during its second attack on Bucharest on 26 September and was damaged beyond repair in the resulting forced landing, and was replaced by LZ 97.

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offered critical perspectives on the Zeppelin; in a September 1909 New York Times interview, Wright compared airships to steam engines nearing their developmental peak, while seeing airplanes as akin to gas engines with untapped potential for innovation.The airships did not provide a scheduled

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Eckener intended to follow the successful airship with another larger Zeppelin, designated LZ 128. This was to be powered by eight engines, 232 m (761 ft) in length, with a capacity of 199,980 m (7,062,100 cu ft). However the loss of the British passenger airship

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for use by dirigibles. While the zeppelin flew invisibly within or above the clouds, the car's observer would hang from a cable below the clouds, and relay navigation and bomb dropping orders. It was equipped with a wicker chair, chart table, electric lamp and compass, with telephone line and

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bought LZ 3 and LZ 5 (a sister-ship to LZ 4 which was completed in May 1909) and designated them Z I and Z II respectively. Z II was wrecked in a gale in April 1910, while Z I flew until 1913, when it was decommissioned and replaced by LZ 15, designated

1267:—then there was war in heaven. (...) I cannot get over it, that the moon is not Queen of the sky by night, and the stars the lesser lights. It seems the Zeppelin is in the zenith of the night, golden like a moon, having taken control of the sky; and the bursting shells are the lesser lights. 699:

The German airships were operated separately by the Army and Navy. When World War I broke out, the Army took over the three remaining DELAG ships. By this time, it had already decommissioned three older Zeppelins, including Z I. During the war, the Navy Zeppelins were primarily used in

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There were only four raids in 1918, all against targets in the Midlands and northern England. Five Zeppelins attempted to bomb the Midlands on 12–13 March to little effect. The following night three Zeppelins set off, but two turned back because of the weather: the third bombed

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By the outbreak of war in August 1914, Zeppelin had started constructing the first M class airships, which had a length of 158 m (518 ft), with a volume of 22,500 cubic metres (794,500 cu ft) and a useful load of 9,100 kilograms (20,100 lb). Their three

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due to searching in the wrong frequency range. The frequencies searched were too high, an assumption based on the Germans' own radar systems. The mistaken conclusion was that the British towers were not connected with radar operations, but were for naval radio communications.

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flew to Friedrichshafen, then Tokyo, Los Angeles, and back to Lakehurst, in 21 days 5 hours and 31 minutes. Including the initial and final trips between Friedrichshafen and Lakehurst and back, the dirigible had travelled 49,618 kilometres (30,831 mi).

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prohibiting the press from reporting anything about raids that was not mentioned in official statements. Only one of the 15 defensive sorties managed to make visual contact with the enemy, and one of the pilots, Flt Lieut D. M. Barnes, was killed on attempting to land.

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became the first truly successful Zeppelin. This renewed the interest of the German military, but a condition of purchase of an airship was a 24-hour endurance trial. This was beyond the capabilities of LZ 3, leading Zeppelin to construct his fourth design, the

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For the next raid, on 27–28 November, the Zeppelins avoided London for targets in the Midlands. Again the defending aircraft were successful: L 34 was shot down over the mouth of the Tees and L 21 was attacked by two aircraft and crashed into the sea off

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direct-drive engine cars, anti-aircraft machine-gun positions, and gas ventilation shafts which transferred vented hydrogen to the top of the airship. New production facilities were set up to assemble Zeppelins from components fabricated in Friedrichshafen.

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attempted a daylight raid on London. They were frustrated by heavy clouds but the effort led the Kaiser to announce that airship raids on London were to stop; under pressure he later relented to allow the Zeppelins to attack under "favorable circumstances".

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Zeppelins were very difficult to attack successfully at high altitude, although this also made accurate bombing impossible. Aeroplanes struggled to reach a typical altitude of 10,000 feet (3,000 m), and firing the solid bullets usually used by aircraft

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Early offensive operations by Army airships revealed that they were extremely vulnerable to ground fire unless flown at high altitude, and several were lost. No bombs had been developed, and the early raids dropped artillery shells instead. On 5 August 1914

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At the beginning of the conflict, the German command had high hopes for the airships, which were considerably more capable than contemporary light fixed-wing machines: they were almost as fast, could carry multiple machine guns, and had enormously greater

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Werner Peterson of the Naval Airship Service, who had only taken command of L 32 in August 1916. L 32 approached from the south, crossing the English Channel close to Dungeness light house, passing Tunbridge Wells at 12:10 and dropping bombs on

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Eckener and his co-workers refused to give up and kept looking for investors and a way to circumvent Allied restrictions. Their opportunity came in 1924. The United States had started to experiment with rigid airships, constructing one of their own, the

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and several towns were bombed. A total of 61 people were reported killed and 101 injured by the raid. Despite ground fog, 22 aircraft took off to find the Zeppelins but none succeeded, and two pilots were killed when attempting to land. One airship, the

1653:, killing eight and injuring 29. A five-Zeppelin raid on 12–13 April was also largely ineffective, with thick clouds making accurate navigation impossible. However, some alarm was caused by the other two, one of which reached the east coast and bombed 2001:, the voyage taking 112 hours and setting a new endurance record for airships. Eckener and his crew, which included his son Hans, were once more welcomed enthusiastically, with confetti parades in New York and another invitation to the White House. 1617:. All were hindered by an unexpected strong headwind at altitude. L 45 was trying to reach Sheffield, but instead it dropped bombs on Northampton and London: most fell in the north-west suburbs but three 300 kg (660 lb) bombs fell in 1070:

The Kaiser authorised the bombing of the London docks on 12 February 1915, but no raids on London took place until May. Two Navy raids failed due to bad weather on 14 and 15 April, and it was decided to delay further attempts until the more capable

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Paris mounted a more effective defense against zeppelin raids than London. Zeppelins attacking Paris had to first fly over the system of forts between the front and the city, from which they were subjected to anti-aircraft fire with reduced risk of

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Under these circumstances, Eckener managed to obtain an order for the next American dirigible. Germany had to pay for this airship itself, as the cost was set against the war reparation accounts, but for the Zeppelin company this was unimportant.

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instead of London and causing considerable damage. On the same night an Army raid of three Zeppelins also failed because of the weather, and as the airships returned to Evere (Brussels) they ran into a counter-raid by RNAS aircraft flying from

1629:, causing most of the casualties that night. L 45 then reduced altitude to try to escape the winds but was forced back into the higher air currents by a B.E.2e. The airship then had mechanical failure in three engines and was blown over 2485:

suggested changing the spelling of "Lead" to "Led" to avoid mispronunciation. "Balloon" was replaced with "Zeppelin" as Jimmy Page saw it as a symbol of "the perfect combination of heavy and light, combustibility and grace." For the group's

2518:, a daughter enterprise of the Zeppelin conglomerate that built the original German Zeppelins, has been developing Zeppelin "New Technology" (NT) airships. These vessels are semi-rigids based partly on internal pressure, partly on a frame. 650:

to a five-year program of expansion of German naval-airship strength, involving the building of two airship bases and constructing a fleet of ten airships. The first airship of the program, L 2, was ordered on 30 January. L 1 was

1867:, who had long envisioned dirigibles as vessels of peace rather than of war, took command of the Zeppelin business, hoping to quickly resume civilian flights. Despite considerable difficulties, they completed two small passenger airships; 298:

also had passenger gangways leading from the ground directly into its hull which could be withdrawn entirely, ground access to the gondola, and an exterior access hatch via its electrical room; this latter was intended for crew use only.

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was used for electronic scouting missions, and was equipped with various measuring equipment. In August 1939, it made a flight near the coastline of Great Britain in an attempt to determine whether the 100 metre towers erected from

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was the largest airship ever built. It had been designed to use non-flammable helium, but the only supplies of the rare gas were controlled by the United States, which refused to allow its export. The fatal decision was made to fill the

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The raids continued in 1916. In December 1915, additional P class Zeppelins and the first of the new Q class airships were delivered. The Q class was an enlargement of the P class with improved ceiling and bomb-load.

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The entire 22 crew were killed. Two crew members jumped rather than be burned (one was said to be Werner Peterson). The crew's bodies were kept in a barn nearby until 27 September when the Royal Flying Corps transported them to nearby

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Zeppelin technology improved considerably as a result of the increasing demands of warfare. The company came under government control, and new personnel were recruited to cope with the increased demand, including the aerodynamicist

1428:, witnessed by the crews of several of the other Zeppelins and many on the ground; there were no survivors. The victory earned Leefe Robinson a Victoria Cross; the pieces of SL 11 were gathered up and sold as souvenirs by the 601:, which also had a short career, first flying on 30 March 1911 and becoming damaged beyond repair when caught by a strong cross-wind while being walked out of its shed on 16 May. The company's fortunes changed with the next ship, 593:, made its maiden voyage on 19 June 1910. On 28 June it set off on a voyage to publicise Zeppelins, carrying 19 journalists as passengers. A combination of adverse weather and engine failure brought it down at Mount Limberg near 1006:-load range and endurance. Contrary to expectation, it was not easy to ignite the hydrogen using standard bullets and shrapnel. The Allies only started to exploit the Zeppelin's great vulnerability to fire when a combination of 1826:

argued the raids were effective far beyond material damage in diverting and hampering wartime production: one estimate is that the due to the 1915–16 raids "one sixth of the total normal output of munitions was entirely lost."

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and an army camp near Folkestone. A total of 71 people were killed and 128 injured. This was the last raid of 1915, as bad weather coincided with the new moon in both November and December 1915 and continued into January 1916.

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moved to a large Zeppelin hangar in Frankfurt, where the skeleton of LZ 131 was also located. In March 1940 Göring ordered the scrapping of the remaining airships, and on 6 May the Frankfurt hangars were demolished.

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in honour of the Count, flew for the first time. With a total length of 236.6 metres (776 ft) and a volume of 105,000 m, it was the largest dirigible to have been built at the time. Eckener's initial purpose was to use

1979:, but acquiring the necessary funds for the next project proved a problem in the difficult economic situation of post–World War I Germany, and it took Eckener two years of lobbying and publicity to secure the realization of 215:

The principal feature of the Zeppelin's design was a fabric-covered, rigid metal framework of transverse rings and longitudinal girders enclosing a number of individual gasbags. This allowed the craft to be much larger than

1300:. However, by mid-1916 an effective mixture of explosive, tracer and incendiary rounds had been developed. There were 23 airship raids in 1916, in which 125 tons of bombs were dropped, killing 293 people and injuring 691. 502:

because of mechanical problems. During the stop, a storm tore the airship away from its moorings on the afternoon of 5 August 1908. It crashed into a tree, caught fire, and quickly burnt out. No one was seriously injured.

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wreck and turned into a museum. A new intended flagship Zeppelin was completed in 1938 and, inflated with hydrogen, made some test flights (the first on 14 September), but never carried passengers. Another project,

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Count Zeppelin's attempts to secure government funding for his project proved unsuccessful, but a lecture given to the Union of German Engineers gained their support. Zeppelin also sought support from the industrialist

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The first raid of 1916 was carried out by the German Navy. Nine Zeppelins were sent to Liverpool on the night of 31 January – 1 February. A combination of poor weather and mechanical problems scattered them across the

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declined to invest more money, and so the company was liquidated, with Count von Zeppelin purchasing the ship and equipment. The Count wished to continue experimenting, but he eventually dismantled the ship in 1901.

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Further raids were delayed by an extended period of poor weather and also by the withdrawal of the majority of Naval Zeppelins in an attempt to resolve the recurrent engine failures. Three Zeppelins set off to bomb

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The first flight took place over Lake Constance on 2 July 1900. Damaged during landing, it was repaired and modified and proved its potential in two subsequent flights made on 17 and 24 October 1900, bettering the

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attacked London. L 30 did not even cross the coast, dropping its bombs at sea. L 31 approached London from the south, dropping a few bombs on the southern suburbs before crossing the Thames and bombing

1950:) after its Atlantic crossing, the airship became the most successful American airship. It operated reliably for eight years until it was retired in 1932 for economic reasons. It was dismantled in August 1940. 2237:

burst into flames, killing 35 of the 97 people on board and one member of the ground crew. The cause of the fire was never definitively determined. The investigation into the accident concluded that

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lightning conductor part of the suspension cable. Although used by Army airships, they were not used by the Navy, since Strasser considered that their weight meant an unacceptable reduction in bomb load.

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produced by the Zeppelin facility in Friedrichshafen. The combustible Blau gas was formulated to make its weight near that of air, so that its storage and consumption had little effect on the zeppelin's

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on 5 October 1930 led the Zeppelin company to reconsider the safety of hydrogen-filled vessels, and the design was abandoned in favour of a new project, LZ 129. This was intended to be filled with

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After ineffective raids on the Midlands and the north of England on 21–22 August and 24–25 September, the last major Zeppelin raid of the war was launched on 19–20 October, with 13 airships heading for

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for experimental and demonstration purposes to prepare the way for regular airship traveling, carrying passengers and mail to cover the costs. In October 1928 its first long-range voyage brought it to

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were introduced, initially manned by police. By mid-1916, there were 271 anti-aircraft guns and 258 searchlights across England. Aerial defences against Zeppelins were divided between the RNAS and the

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Then we saw the Zeppelin above us, just ahead, amid a gleaming of clouds: high up, like a bright golden finger, quite small (...) Then there was flashes near the ground—and the shaking noise. It was

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The first raid of 1917 did not occur until 16–17 March: the five Zeppelins encountered very strong winds and none reached their targets. This experience was repeated on 23–24 May. Two days later 21

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transported an increasing volume of passengers and mail across the ocean every year until 1936. The ship made another spectacular voyage in July 1931 when it made a seven-day research trip to the

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ordered its first Zeppelin—an enlarged version of the airships operated by DELAG—which received the naval designation Z 1 and entered Navy service in October 1912. On 18 January 1913 Admiral

1424:, who fired three 40-round drums of Brocks and Buckingham ammunition into the airship. The third drum started a fire and the airship was quickly enveloped in flames. It fell to the ground near 1364:. The following night two Navy Zeppelins bombed targets in the north of England, killing 22 and injuring 130. On the night of 2/3 April a six-airship raid was made, targeting the naval base at 608:, which first flew on 26 June 1911 and carried 1,553 passengers in 218 flights before catching fire after a gust tore it from its mooring near Düsseldorf. Other DELAG ships included LZ 11 597:

in Lower Saxony, its hull getting stuck in trees. All passengers and crew were unhurt, except for one crew member who broke his leg when he jumped from the craft. It was replaced by LZ 8

659:

when caught in a storm while taking part in an exercise with the German fleet. 14 crew members drowned, the first fatalities in a Zeppelin accident. Less than six weeks later, on 17 October,

1771:

The German defeat also marked the end of German military dirigibles, as the victorious Allies demanded a complete abolition of German air forces and surrender of the remaining airships as

340:

on the subject of "World Postal Services and Air Travel" to outline the basic principle of his later craft in a diary entry dated 25 March 1874. It describes a large rigidly framed outer

4340:

N.A. Hydrogen key to revival of modern-day zeppelins, Winnipeg conference hears. Canadian Press, The . n.d.:Available from: Newspaper Source Plus, Ipswich, MA. Accessed 10 December 2015.

1975:, the Zeppelin company had reasserted its lead in rigid airship construction, but it was not yet fully back in business. In 1926 restrictions on airship construction were relaxed by the 280:. On both the older and newer vessels, the external viewing windows were often open during flight. The flight altitude was so low that no pressurization of the cabins was necessary. The 1524:, where it was hit by an anti-aircraft shell, despite being at an altitude of 13,000 feet (4,000 m). As it headed towards Chelmsford it began to lose height and came down close to 80:) who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874 and developed in detail in 1893. They were patented in 2540:

with Zeppelin NTs, resurrecting their partnership that ended over 70 years ago. Goodyear placed an order for three Zeppelin NTs, which then entered service between 2014 and 2018.

2249:

Despite the obvious danger, there remained a list of 400 people who still wanted to fly as Zeppelin passengers and had paid for the trip. Their money was refunded in 1940.

178:

was originally designed to serve as a mooring mast for zeppelins and other airships, although it was found that high winds made that impossible and the plan was abandoned. The

1814:

On 23 June 1919, a week before the treaty was signed, many Zeppelin crews destroyed their airships in their halls in order to prevent delivery, following the example of the

430:, or "Zeppelin Airship") was 128 metres (420 ft) long with a hydrogen capacity of 11,000 m (400,000 cu ft), was driven by two 15 horsepower (11 kW) 232:, and two or three other metals, the exact composition of which was kept secret for years. Early Zeppelins used rubberized cotton for the gasbags, but most later craft used 1513:. Attending the scene of the crash site were the Royal Naval Intelligence, who recovered the latest secret code book which was found within the gondola of the crashed L32. 1372:

and London. None of the airships bombed their intended targets; 13 were killed, 24 injured and much of the £77,113 damage was caused by the destruction of a warehouse in

574:

in addition to their production numbers. LZ 6 first flew on 25 August 1909 and was accidentally destroyed in Baden-Oos on 14 September 1910 by a fire in its hangar.

422:). The intention behind the floating hall was to facilitate the difficult task of bringing the airship out of the hall, as it could easily be aligned with the wind. The 4469: 926:; eleven crew escaped from the forward gondola, after which the lightened airship with four crew members remaining in the aft engine car was blown out to sea and lost. 474:, some public funding, a mortgage of Count von Zeppelin's wife's estate, and a 100,000 mark contribution by Count von Zeppelin himself allowed the construction of 3835: 1540:. 2nd lieutenant Wulstan Tempest succeeded in setting fire to the airship, which came down near Potters Bar. All 19 crew died, many jumping from the burning airship. 1215:, causing a fire which despite the attendance of 22 fire engines caused over half a million pounds of damage: Mathy then turned east, dropping his remaining bombs on 4294: 1347:, came down in the North Sea because of engine failure and damage from Dutch ground-fire. Although the wreck stayed afloat for a while and was sighted by a British 763:

On 20 March 1915, temporarily forbidden from bombing London by the Kaiser, Z X (LZ 29), LZ 35 and the Schütte-Lanz airship SL 2 set off to bomb

1886:

permitted. This brought a halt to Zeppelin's plans for airship development, and the company temporarily had to resort to manufacturing aluminium cooking utensils.

561:

In 1909, Count Zeppelin founded the world's first airline, the Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft (German Airship Travel Corporation), generally known as

4164:

Raymond Quevedo (Atilla the Hun) and Hubert Raphael Charles (The Lion) to travel to New York to make recordings. From that session comes Atilla's "Graf Zeppelin,"

1874:(scrapped in July 1928), which first flew in August 1919 and in the following months transported passengers between Friedrichshafen and Berlin, and a sister-ship 1360:

attacking using Ranken darts, came down in the sea near Margate. Most of the 48 killed in the raid were victims of a single bomb which fell on an Army billet in

1443: 1331: 284:

did maintain a pressurized air-locked smoking room: no flame was allowed, but a single electric lighter was provided, which could not be removed from the room.

1115:

The first naval attempt on London took place on 4 June: strong winds caused the commander of L 9 to misjudge his position, and the bombs were dropped on

2327:

were used for aircraft radio location. Photography, radio wave interception, magnetic and radio frequency analysis were unable to detect operational British

1901:(based on the Zeppelin L 70) when the British airship programme was cancelled. However, this broke apart and caught fire during a test flight above the 2498:

in 1937, much to Countess Eva von Zeppelin's disgust. Von Zeppelin tried to sue the group for using her family name, but the case was eventually dismissed.

1564: 324: 5037: 1815: 988: 884:

On 5 January 1918, a fire at Ahlhorn destroyed four of the specialised double sheds along with four Zeppelins and one Schütte-Lanz. In July 1918, the

113: 105: 1183: 963:

entered service and launching platforms for aeroplanes were fitted to the forward turrets of some light cruisers. On 14 May, L 22 was shot down near

2583: 1231:

and the corner of Exeter and Wellington Streets, killing 17 and injuring 20. None of the other Zeppelins reached central London: bombs fell on Woolwich,

1051:

The first raid on England took place on the night of 19–20 January 1915. Two Zeppelins, L 3 and L 4, intended to attack targets near the River

929:

At this stage in the war there was no clear doctrine for the use of Naval airships. A single large Zeppelin, L 5, played an unimportant part in the

760:

on 24 September and was also used to support German army operations in East Prussia. By the end of 1914 the Army's airship strength was reduced to four.

1958: 1164:, and the entire crew was killed. Three Army airships set off to bomb London on 7–8 September, of which two succeeded: SL 2 dropped bombs between 100:(DELAG), the world's first airline in revenue service. By mid-1914, DELAG had carried over 10,000 fare-paying passengers on over 1,500 flights. During 4948: 4935: 4922: 4909: 4462: 2035:

of the globe. The growing popularity of the "giant of the air" made it easy for Eckener to find sponsors. One of these was the American press tycoon

1572:– translated title: "In the rear engine gondola of a Zeppelin airship during the flight through enemy airspace after a successful attack on England" 712:. Flying at a relatively low altitude because of cloud cover, the airship was damaged by small-arms fire and was destroyed in a forced landing near 842:

on 28 December ended in failure caused by operating problems due to the extreme cold, and one of the airships was destroyed in a forced landing at

2230: 4458: 2139:

in 1933 had important consequences for Zeppelin Luftschiffbau. Zeppelins became a propaganda tool for the new regime: they would now display the

4180: 2090:. This had already been a dream of Count von Zeppelin twenty years earlier, which could not be realized at the time due to the outbreak of war. 150:

In 1926, the restrictions on airship construction were lifted and, with the aid of donations from the public, work began on the construction of

1510: 1492:(known at the time as Sutton's Farm). As Sowrey approached he fired three drums of ammunition into the hull of L 32, including the latest 5010: 6952: 4766: 4741: 4650: 4542: 4399: 4365: 4205: 2719: 2442: 861:, a specially lengthened craft was to have flown the mission but was destroyed shortly after completion. A Zeppelin then under construction, 798:

in early 1916: a third raid on 4 May ended with it being brought down by anti-aircraft fire. The crew survived but were taken prisoner. When

4557: 4255: 6932: 3110: 109: 462: 4613: 2555:

birthday celebration performing flights over Switzerland in an Edelweiss livery, and it is now used, weather permitting, on flights over

6927: 2039:, who requested that the tour officially start in Lakehurst. As with the October 1928 flight to New York, Hearst had placed a reporter, 1400:, which reacted with the chlorate to catch fire and hence ignite the Zeppelin's hydrogen. These had become available by September 1916. 1095:

On 31 May Linnarz commanded LZ 38 on the first raid against London. In total some 120 bombs were dropped on a line stretching from

854: 2458: 1392:

was ineffectual: they made small holes causing inconsequential gas leaks. Britain developed new bullets, the Brock containing oxidant

1207:

Heinrich Mathy reached London. The bomb-load included a 300-kilogram (660 lb) bomb, the largest yet carried. This exploded near

276:

new design did prevent passengers from enjoying the views from the windows of their berths, which had been a major attraction on the

4781: 4723: 4708: 4693: 4678: 4628: 4598: 4573: 4448: 4432: 4414: 4384: 3384: 3153: 2781: 2040: 1506: 1133: 380: 262:

or engine cars attached outside the structural framework. Some of these could provide reverse thrust for manoeuvring while mooring.

119:

The defeat of Germany in 1918 temporarily slowed the airship business. Although DELAG established a scheduled daily service between

220:, which relied on the inflation of a single-pressure envelope to maintain their shape. The framework of most Zeppelins was made of 6947: 6942: 2588: 2533: 565:

to promote his airships, initially using LZ 6, which he had hoped to sell to the German Army. Notable aviation figures like

3609: 1576: 944:

In 1917, the Royal Navy began to take effective countermeasures against airship patrols over the North Sea. In April, the first

5030: 2598: 2573: 1548:. There were no further raids in 1916 although the Navy lost three more craft, all on 28 December: SL 12 was destroyed at 308: 4864: 2635:

Koestler was the only journalist on board. He describes the preparations and the voyage itself in detail in his autobiography.

675:

engines produced 470 kilowatts (630 hp) each, and they could reach speeds of up to 84 kilometres per hour (52 mph).

554:

land the airship to demonstrate that the incursion was accidental, and brought the ship down on the military parade-ground at

6875: 4524: 4969: 4193:

In Graf Zeppelin Atilla sang, "One Sunday Morning ... because the Graff Zeppelin which had come to pay a visit to Trinidad".

3832: 558:. The airship remained on the ground until the following day, permitting a detailed examination by French airship experts. 5585: 1640:

There were no more raids in 1917, although the airships were not abandoned but refitted with new, more powerful, engines.

1303: 652: 6905:

Early Army designations, used pre-war. Wartime Army LZ designations were not always matched to Zeppelin's LZ hull number.

2374: 1417: 930: 431: 2286:

and made about 30 test flights prior to the beginning of World War II. Most of those flights were carried out near the

2151:, the Minister of Propaganda, contributed two million reichsmarks towards the construction of LZ 129, and in 1935 1556:

L 24 crashed into the shed while landing: the resulting fire destroyed both L 24 and the adjacent L 17.

1160:

and Leytonstone. L 10 was destroyed a little over two weeks later: it was struck by lightning and caught fire off

410:, and construction of the first airship began in 1899 in a floating assembly-hall or hangar in the Bay of Manzell near 6885: 6880: 5011:

Die deütschen Luftstreitkräfte im Weltkriege edited by Georg Paul Neumann 1920 [German][Books google].

2482: 2440:'s father, is alive and is a wealthy inventor. They are also seen in the alternate reality 1939 plot line in the film 2411: 2385: 2070:, Brazil in May 1930, it was decided to open the first regular transatlantic airship line. This line operated between 753: 545: 376: 97: 2735: 4872: 1786:"The armed forces of Germany must not include any military or naval air forces ... No dirigible shall be kept." 1280:

The Army took full control of ground defences in February 1916, and a variety of sub 4-inch (less than 102 mm)

1140:

for his achievement. As a consequence of the RNAS raid both the Army and Navy withdrew from their bases in Belgium.

1136:, who dropped six bombs on the airship, setting it on fire. All but one of the crew died. Warneford was awarded the 5023: 2452: 2161: 1459: 255: 810:

on 28 August, 4 September and 25 September. LZ 86 transferred to Szentandras and made a single attack on the

28: 6093: 6086: 5940: 4229: 2543:

Modern zeppelins are held aloft by the inert gas helium, eliminating the danger of combustion illustrated by the

1319: 1075:

were in service. The Army received the first of these, LZ 38, and Erich Linnarz commanded it on a raid over

20: 478:, which made only a single flight on 17 January 1906. After both engines failed it made a forced landing in the 6727: 6043: 6015: 5935: 2421: 1868: 1251:

Although these raids had no significant military impact, the psychological effect was considerable. The writer

1216: 1177: 1152:, and on 17–18 August L 10 became the first Navy airship to reach London. Mistaking the reservoirs of the 406:

share-capital himself. Responsibility for the detail design was given to Kober, whose place was later taken by

345: 271: 68: 4325: 2525:

company operated zeppelin passenger travel to California from October 2008 to November 2012 with one of these

1351:, the boat's crew refused to rescue the Zeppelin's crew because they were outnumbered, and all 16 crew died. 752:

on 22 September 1914. On the eastern front, Z V was brought down by ground fire on 28 August during the

6890: 6767: 6722: 6057: 5960: 3141: 2356: 2036: 1908: 1497:

freight train. L 32 continued down Hill side and came down at Snail's Hall Farm off Green Farm Lane in

850: 745: 495: 193: 6712: 4983: 4176: 6813: 6762: 6752: 6747: 6717: 6078: 5945: 5046: 4849: 4832: 4815: 4798: 3960: 2578: 2515: 2287: 1924: 1912: 1421: 1228: 1212: 993: 683: 570:

service between cities, but generally operated pleasure cruises, carrying twenty passengers. The airships

517: 333: 140: 60: 44: 33: 3347: 873:

was turned back by high winds, and on 7 April 1918 it was on a mission to bomb the British naval base at

6823: 6818: 6808: 6788: 6783: 6757: 6742: 6732: 6450: 5532: 4500:

The Zeppelins. The Development of the Airship, with the Story of the Zeppelin Air Raids in the World War

4420: 2955: 2626:(1966) gives figures of 5,907 bombs dropped, 528 people killed, 1,156 wounded in 208 individual sorties. 1998: 1891: 1630: 1601:

to drop to 13,000 feet (4,000 m) where it was caught by four aircraft and destroyed, crashing near

1581: 1569: 1256: 1031: 1015: 874: 782:

Airship operations in the Balkans started in the autumn of 1915, and an airship base was constructed at

175: 2051: 4944: 4931: 4918: 4905: 4498: 6937: 6803: 6793: 6737: 6665: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6620: 6610: 6605: 6050: 5950: 5914: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 4953:, "Rigid airship with separate gas cells". Filed 27 November 1922; Issued August 1929. Hugo Eckener. 2960: 2487: 2433: 2186: 1987: 1962: 1776: 1067:

and the surrounding villages, killing four and injuring 16. Material damage was estimated at £7,740.

639: 337: 233: 202: 185:

in 1937, along with political and economic developments in Germany, hastened the demise of airships.

171: 159: 151: 132: 131:

in 1919, the airships built for that service eventually had to be surrendered under the terms of the

6600: 6590: 6585: 6575: 6565: 6560: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6475: 6400: 6395: 6380: 6375: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6247: 6227: 6222: 6204: 6199: 6189: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6144: 6139: 6114: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5775: 5770: 5754: 5749: 5733: 5723: 5718: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5683: 5668: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5595: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5472: 5434: 5418: 5410: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5370: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5324: 5308: 5300: 5258: 5253: 5243: 5238: 5212: 5196: 4326:"Goodyear blimps to be replaced by German Zeppelins: Revival of 1930s flying Cloudbase partnership." 1509:. They were interred there until 1966, when they were reinterred at the German Military Cemetery in 1435: 1223:

the airship commanders commented on the improved defences of the city. L 15 began bombing over

1211:, destroying several houses and killing two men. More bombs fell on the textile warehouses north of 577: 6849: 6798: 6154: 6029: 6022: 5186: 5170: 5165: 5149: 5141: 2865: 2295: 2190: 2010: 2006: 1748: 1537: 1023:

well as the Zeppelin works in Friedrichshafen were also attacked. These raids were followed by the

969: 831: 791: 522: 506: 179: 6865: 3218: 1314: 1195:

The Navy attempted to follow up the Army's success the following night. One Zeppelin targeted the

6922: 6707: 4642: 4155: 2406: 2390: 2239: 2043:, on board: she therefore became the first woman to circumnavigate the globe by air. From there, 1393: 1293: 1208: 1120: 1040: 1011: 878: 835: 799: 672: 643: 349: 144: 40: 2551:. Zeppelin NTs are often used for sightseeing trips; for example, D-LZZF (c/n 03) was used for 1711:. Many of these technological advances originated from Zeppelin's only serious competitor, the 402:(Society for the Promotion of Airship Flight), contributing more than half of its 800,000 6670: 6064: 6036: 5955: 5919: 5068: 4777: 4762: 4737: 4733:

The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

4719: 4704: 4689: 4674: 4646: 4624: 4609: 4594: 4569: 4553: 4538: 4520: 4444: 4428: 4410: 4395: 4380: 4361: 3380: 3149: 2777: 2771: 2715: 2593: 2381: 2291: 2179: 2152: 2118: 2013:. A second trip to the United States was aborted in France due to engine failure in May 1929. 1839: 1529: 1525: 818: 776: 729: 721: 717: 705: 647: 571: 217: 164: 3956: 2709: 336:'s interest in airship development began in 1874, when he was inspired by a lecture given by 247:

Luftschiffbau, almost all later airships changed to the more familiar streamlined shape with

5645: 5572: 5449: 4494: 4147: 2522: 2425: 2396: 2270: 2079: 2032: 1976: 1819: 1755: 1485: 1381: 1339: 1072: 1027:

on Christmas Day 1914, one of the first operations carried out by ship-launched aeroplanes.

1019: 957: 934: 827: 533: 447: 2410:, Zeppelins are a notable historical idiosyncrasy that helps differentiate the series' two 2355:

Zeppelins have been an inspiration to music, cinematography and literature. The 1930 movie

2242:

had ignited hydrogen which had leaked from the gasbags, although there were allegations of

1203:

and three set off to bomb London: two were forced to turn back but L 13, commanded by

896: 6870: 6660: 6625: 6615: 6595: 5909: 5893: 5888: 5827: 4987: 4485: 4309: 3839: 3145: 3133: 2148: 1932: 1772: 1681: 1493: 1348: 1188: 1116: 1096: 953: 945: 858: 566: 411: 136: 128: 1716: 1405: 849:

In 1917 the German High Command made an attempt to use a Zeppelin to deliver supplies to

244: 239:

The first Zeppelins had long cylindrical hulls with tapered ends and complex multi-plane

3212: 2233:

after a transatlantic flight, the tail of the ship caught fire, and within seconds, the

2123: 6580: 6570: 6555: 6525: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6470: 6465: 6455: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6390: 6385: 6370: 6360: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6242: 6237: 6194: 6184: 6107: 5791: 5728: 5713: 5708: 5688: 5678: 5673: 5663: 5658: 5600: 5590: 5580: 5537: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5439: 5380: 5375: 5365: 5345: 5329: 5248: 5233: 5191: 4993:

Zeppelin Post Journal – Quarterly publication for Zeppelin mail and airship memorabilia

2740: 2568: 2401: 2075: 1691: 1673: 1521: 1498: 1489: 1252: 1137: 1064: 1056: 1036: 1007: 923: 862: 741: 716:. Thirteen bombs were dropped in the raid and nine civilians were killed. On 21 August 660: 602: 544:

Before World War I (1914–1918) the Zeppelin company manufactured 21 more airships. The

415: 407: 3681: 1986:

Another two years passed before 18 September 1928, when the new dirigible, christened

1132:. LZ 38 was destroyed on the ground and LZ 37 was intercepted in the air by 941:

sea next to a minesweeper, bring aboard an officer and show him the mines' locations.

386: 6916: 6480: 6149: 5653: 5131: 5089: 5081: 4731: 4353: 2552: 2362: 2307: 2303: 2156: 1708: 1665:. The final raid on 5 August 1918 involved four airships and resulted in the loss of 1501:, crashing at 01:30 on farm land; the 650-foot-long airship struck a large oak tree. 1409: 1285: 1264: 1224: 1024: 737: 613: 491: 486: 475: 423: 357: 348:

balloons in 1863 when he visited the United States as a military observer during the

85: 81: 56: 2506: 2450:

subcultural movement in broader terms. In 1989, Japanese animator Miyazaki released

1739: 1326: 646:, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, obtained the agreement of 6844: 6839: 6460: 3614: 2481:

that his idea to create a band would "go down like a lead balloon." Page's manager

2466: 2311: 2172: 2144: 1864: 1626: 1369: 1344: 1200: 964: 949: 901: 885: 403: 4490:. London: Massie, 1938 – (ASIN: B00085KPWK) ( extract pp. 155–157, 210–211). 4146:. American Folklore Society, Volume 103, Issue 409, July–September 1990: 348–352. 2217: 783: 555: 434:

engines each driving a pair of propellers mounted either side of the envelope via

933:

on 24 January 1915. L 5 was carrying out a routine patrol when it picked up

438:

and a driveshaft, and was controlled in pitch by moving a weight between its two

139:

from building large airships. An exception was made to allow the construction of

6365: 6071: 5276: 5268: 5217: 4736:. Vol. III (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press. 2526: 2370: 1936: 1799:"Dirigibles able to take to the air, being manufactured, repaired or assembled." 1413: 1361: 1297: 1289: 1157: 1104: 976: 811: 624: 455: 101: 3217:. Philadelphia: The United Publishers of the United States and Canada. p. 2756: 1447:

A damaged Zeppelin gondola with a collapsable boat lying nearby. September 1916

482:

mountains, where a storm subsequently damaged the anchored ship beyond repair.

311:. Blau gas was used on the first zeppelin voyage to America, starting in 1929. 6691: 2495: 2478: 2470: 2437: 2416: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2136: 1898: 1851: 1759: 1744: 1704: 1684: 1662: 1650: 1622: 1618: 1593: 1397: 1153: 1060: 1039:, supplemented by a radio direction-finding system of limited accuracy. After 915: 768: 656: 435: 4897: 2246:. 13 passengers and 22 crew, including Ernst Lehmann, were killed. 1878:, {Scrapped September 1926} which was intended for use on a regular route to 888:

conducted by the RAF and Royal Navy, destroyed two Zeppelins in their sheds.

294:

s gondola was accessed while the vessel was on the ground, via gangways. The

4914:, "Method of destroying aircraft", Filed 11 April 1916. Joseph A. Steinmetz. 2548: 2447: 2282: 2167: 2100: 2071: 2016: 1879: 1614: 1610: 1602: 1545: 1517: 1473: 1429: 1389: 1308: 1236: 1232: 1165: 1149: 911: 843: 807: 691: 594: 582: 499: 248: 225: 221: 4998:

Zeppelin Luftschifftechnik GmbH – The original company, now developing the

4964: 4940:, "Airship". Filed 19 August 1922; Issued 20 November 1923. Julius Erhardt. 4774:

Battlebags: British Airships of the First World War: An Illustrated History

1680:. Crossing the North Sea during daylight, the airship was intercepted by a 1404:

London, and both damage and casualties were slight. The newly commissioned

1330:

Section of girder from a Zeppelin shot down in England in 1916. Now at the

479: 450:( 21.6 km/h (13.4 mph) ) velocity attained by the French airship 367:

Lenkbares Luftfahrzeug mit mehreren hintereinander angeordneten Tragkörpern

2547:. It has been proposed that modern zeppelins could be powered by hydrogen 794:

government. This base was also used by LZ 85 to conduct two raids on

157:. That revived the company's fortunes and, during the 1930s, the airships 5058: 5005: 4517:

The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social and Military History

4376: 2377:

recorded "Graf Zeppelin", commemorating the airship's visit to Trinidad.

2243: 2203: 2140: 1712: 1658: 1634: 1481: 1244: 1173: 1169: 1161: 1148:

had their first success, causing L 12 to come down into the sea off

1144: 1108: 1088: 1080: 1043:

became widespread, many bombs fell at random on uninhabited countryside.

795: 709: 356:

plans in 1894, and he received a patent, granted on 31 August 1895, with

303: 198: 1412:

while approaching London: it was picked up by searchlights as it bombed

1380:

On 28–29 July, the first raid to include one of the new and much larger

627:

in August 1914, 1588 flights had carried 10,197 fare-paying passengers.

88:

in 1899. After the outstanding success of the Zeppelin design, the word

2474: 2388:

fiction. They feature prominently in the popular fantasy novels of the

1818:

two days earlier. The remaining dirigibles were transferred to France,

1729: 1687: 1553: 1549: 1477: 1425: 1281: 1240: 1196: 1129: 1100: 1092:

or was already at too great an altitude for the aircraft to intercept.

1076: 919: 749: 733: 724:

were damaged by ground fire while supporting German army operations in

471: 439: 341: 259: 207: 93: 4159: 2456:, which features a Zeppelin as a plot element. A Zeppelin was used in 4965:

How did London civilians respond to the German airship raids of 1915?

2556: 2429: 2366: 2338:

After the beginning of the Second World War on 1 September, the

2314:

naval airbase and forced to leave Polish airspace. During this time,

2103: 2087: 2067: 1902: 1779:

contained the following articles dealing explicitly with dirigibles:

1453: 1365: 1356: 1125: 1052: 866: 803: 757: 725: 229: 124: 120: 5015: 2644:

Other versions have said The Who bassist Entwistle made the comment.

1439:

British propaganda postcard, entitled "The End of the 'Baby-Killer'"

1035:

flew and navigation was problematic. The airships relied largely on

379:, then engaged in construction work on the second airship design of 4151: 2147:

to play march music and propaganda speeches to the people. In 1934

1119:. L 9 was also diverted by the weather on 6–7 June, attacking 344:

containing several separate gasbags. He had previously encountered

302:

On some long-distance zeppelins, engines were powered by a special

6232: 6100: 5400: 4992: 2537: 2505: 2331: 2216: 2122: 2066:

undertook trips around Europe, and following a successful tour to

2050: 2015: 1957: 1907: 1850: 1838: 1738: 1654: 1575: 1563: 1552:

by strong winds after sustaining damage in a poor landing, and at

1458: 1442: 1434: 1373: 1325: 1313: 1302: 1182: 1084: 997:

British First World War poster of a Zeppelin above London at night

992: 895: 839: 817: 787: 764: 690: 682: 629: 576: 562: 532: 505: 461: 385: 323: 192: 27: 4981:

eZEP.de – The webportal for Zeppelin mail and airship memorabilia

4279: 3965:

Volume 129, 7 September 1921, pp. 14–15. Retrieved: 30 July 2009.

1055:

but, diverted by strong winds, eventually dropped their bombs on

6134: 5126: 5110: 5105: 4980: 4179:. Trinidad & Tobago Entertainment Company. 27 October 2010. 2095: 1863:

Count von Zeppelin had died in 1917, before the end of the war.

1003: 870: 713: 630: 243:. During World War I, following the lead of the rival firm 5019: 4619:

Tilford, Earl H. Jr. (1996). "Air Warfare: Strategic Bombing".

4009:. No. 45002. London. 19 September 1928. col F, p. 14. 2274:, never progressed beyond the production of a few ring frames. 802:

entered the war in August 1916, LZ 101 was transferred to

485:

Incorporating all the usable parts of LZ 2, its successor

4997: 4901:, "Navigable balloon". 14 March 1899. Ferdinand Graf Zeppelin. 240: 4256:"The Danish countess who made Led Zeppelin change their name" 4024:. No. 45025. London. 16 October 1928. col A, p. 16. 3994:. No. 43784. London. 16 October 1924. col E, p. 14. 2866:"Die Ausführung des Zeppelin'schen Luftschiffes" (in German). 1584:, London, to 21 civilians killed by Zeppelin bombings in 1917 822:

Wreckage of Zeppelin L31 shot down over England 23 Sept 1916.

4865:"Zeppelin Exhibition – An Online Exhibition About Zeppelins" 3236:. No. 41078. London. 1 February 1916. col A, p. 8. 1676:, head of the Imperial German Naval Airship Service and the 1377:

forced to land in neutral Denmark, its crew being interned.

786:. In November 1915, LZ 81 was used to fly diplomats to 4975: 4927:, "Light weight girder". Filed 28 June 1920. Karl Arnstein. 4621:

The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia

3979:. No. 43743. London. 29 August 1924. col A, p. 9. 1758:

and Baron Gemmingen, Count Zeppelin's nephew, developed an

910:

The main use of the airship was in reconnaissance over the

4515:

Madison, Rodney (2005). "Air Warfare, Strategic Bombing".

3002: 1805:"Dirigible sheds and shelters of every kind for aircraft." 1176:

before heading on to London and dropping a single bomb on

287:

Access to Zeppelins was achieved in a number of ways. The

4976:

Airships.net – Illustrated history of passenger Zeppelins

3048:. No. 39587. London. 17 May 1911. col E, p. 10. 3033:. No. 39312. London. 30 June 1910. col D, p. 8. 2979:. No. 40178. London. 5 April 1913. col B, p. 8. 1488:

of the Royal Flying Corps, who had taken off from nearby

830:

in December 1916. Two Navy zeppelins were transferred to

826:

At the instigation of the Kaiser a plan was made to bomb

728:, and Z VIII was lost. On the night of 24/25 August 211:

cells. The full-resolution picture labels more internals.

147:, the order for which saved the company from extinction. 4519:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 45–46. 2462:, when Jones and his father try to escape from Germany. 2298:, then in the Baltic Sea region. During one such flight 254:

Zeppelins were propelled by several internal combustion

92:

came to be commonly used to refer to all forms of rigid

4310:"Goodyear and Zeppelin: Together again after 70 Years." 3084: 3082: 2988: 2986: 4671:: The Navy's Venerable Airship and Aviation Technology 4459:"The Development of Material-Adapted Structural Form." 3156:

p.175. Tuchman implies it was the first ever air raid.

2871:

Issue 22, 3 June 1898, p. 6. Retrieved: 11 March 2012.

2078:, with a stop in Recife. Despite the beginning of the 1669:

and the death of its entire crew under the command of

104:, the German military made extensive use of Zeppelins 4295:"The Zeppelin returns to L.A. skies, after 80 years." 3682:"Leefe Robinson: The man who shot down a Baby Killer" 96:. Zeppelins were first flown commercially in 1910 by 2432:

crashes in an alternate reality where Britain is a '

1030:

Airship raids on Great Britain were approved by the

6858: 6832: 6776: 6700: 6687: 6351: 6213: 6125: 6008: 5999: 5969: 5928: 5902: 5881: 5820: 5784: 5763: 5742: 5644: 5571: 5448: 5427: 5409: 5338: 5317: 5299: 5285: 5267: 5226: 5205: 5179: 5158: 5140: 5119: 5098: 5080: 5067: 5054: 2622:The figures given total 54. While A. Whitehouse in 756:; most of the crew were captured. Z IV bombed 4285:Sunday, 13 January 2013. Retrieved: 28 April 2013. 2082:and growing competition from fixed-wing aircraft, 1946:and refilled with helium (partly sourced from the 390:The first flight of LZ 1 over Lake Constance (the 4443:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 4230:"The Truth About How Led Zeppelin Got Their Name" 2536:announced that they would replace their fleet of 922:without loss of life and L 4 coming down at 748:. The RNAS had also bombed the Zeppelin bases in 466:Zeppelin LZ 4 with its multiple stabilizers, 1908 4535:Giants in the Sky: History of the Rigid Airship. 2490:, Page suggested the group use a picture of the 2210:was used on the transatlantic service alongside 1939:, calling the new Zeppelin an "angel of peace". 5006:Dark Autumn: The 1916 German Zeppelin Offensive 4790:Danish Post & Tele Museum Zeppelin articles 4503:. trans. Mingos, Howard. New York: J. H. Sears. 4280:"AIRSHIP VENTURES HAS CEASED FLIGHT OPERATIONS" 1657:, believing it was Sheffield: the other bombed 1261: 4552:Henley-on-Thames, UK: Foulis, 1971 (3rd ed.). 174:from Germany to North America and Brazil. The 5031: 4300:24 November 2009. Retrieved: 21 January 2010. 4206:"Pinkner and Wyman: the Evil Geniuses behind 3833:Gefahren und Strapazen der Luftschiffeinsätze 3747:, New York: Ace Books, 1966, no ISBN, p. 182. 2773:Zeppelin!: Germany and the Airship, 1900–1939 521:(Airship Construction Zeppelin Ltd.) and the 400:Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Luftschiffahrt 8: 4441:Zeppelin! Germany and the Airship, 1900–1939 3842:, upper platforms with machine-gun positions 3245: 3243: 3164: 3162: 3120: 3118: 3003:""WIRIGHT SEES NO HOPE IN ZEPPELIN AIRSHIP"" 2890: 2888: 2886: 2757:"The Hindenburg's Interior: Passenger Decks" 2365:, features an unsuccessful Zeppelin raid on 1416:and at around 02:15 it was intercepted by a 1143:After an ineffective attack by L 10 on 365: 266:to keep warm and were often miserably cold. 4970:Zeppelin NT in the World and Technical Data 4761:. London: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1992. 4703:. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 2004. 4673:. Sterling, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2003. 4623:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 13–15. 4484:Eckener, Hugo, translated by Leigh Fanell. 4373:Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia. 4360:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University, 2000. 3610:"Lost Edinburgh: Zeppelin Air Raid of 1916" 3277: 3275: 3273: 1816:Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow 989:German strategic bombing during World War I 6697: 6005: 5077: 5064: 5038: 5024: 5016: 4407:The Air Defence of Great Britain 1914–1918 2950: 2948: 2584:List of airships of the United States Navy 2446:, and have an iconic association with the 2404:. In the American science fiction series, 2031:departed for another daring enterprise: a 1516:L 33 dropped a few incendiaries over 4873:"The Goldbeater, the Cow and the Airship" 4606:Airship: Design, Development and Disaster 4479:25 Years of Zeppelin Airship Construction 3975:"U.S. Zeppelin on Trial". News in Brief. 1927:made its first flight on 27 August 1924. 956:, and in July 1917, the aircraft carrier 869:on 10–11 March 1918. A planned attack on 667:was hired from DELAG as a training ship. 4470:École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 4331:4 May 2011. Retrieved: 26 February 2012. 4315:3 May 2011. Retrieved: 26 February 2012. 2685: 2683: 2681: 2671: 2669: 1802:"Plant for the manufacture of hydrogen." 1456:, killing eight people and injuring 30. 1156:for the Thames, it dropped its bombs on 695:Crater of a Zeppelin bomb in Paris, 1916 4797:Gøricke, Jan Hybertz (1 January 2006). 4358:The Selected Letters of D. H. Lawrence. 3907: 3189: 3177: 2826: 2814: 2656: 2615: 2306:, where it was intercepted by a Polish 1905:on 23 August 1921, killing 44 crewmen. 846:. The plan was subsequently abandoned. 4405:Cole, Christopher and Cheesman, E. F. 4223: 4221: 4138:Cohen, Norm. "Review: Foreign Music". 3029:"The Wreck of the Deutschland". News. 2736:"A New Generation of Airships Is Born" 2155:established a new airline directed by 2074:and Recife, and was later extended to 1083:on 9–10 May. LZ 38 also attacked 1079:on 29–30 April and another, attacking 4714:Griehl, Manfred and Joachim Dressel. 4509:A History of the World War 1914–1918. 4215:20 May 2010. Retrieved: 17 June 2011. 3819: 2975:"The German Airship Incident". News. 2443:Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow 2229:On 6 May 1937, while landing in 1432:to raise money for wounded soldiers. 1172:: LZ 74 scattered 39 bombs over 1014:explosive ammunition with Buckingham 67: 7: 4848:Iwersen, Malene (1 September 2005). 4591:Zeppelins: German Airships, 1900–40. 4537:Henley-on-Thames, UK: Foulis, 1973. 4488:Count Zeppelin: The Man and His Work 4392:London 1914–17: The Zeppelin Menace. 4183:from the original on 4 February 2013 3105: 3103: 2708:China Williams; Becca Blond (2004). 2143:on their fins and occasionally tour 1935:invited Eckener and his crew to the 1754:At the beginning of the war Captain 687:A German zeppelin bombs Liège in WWI 589:The second DELAG airship, LZ 7 470:Donations, the profits of a special 398:In 1898, Count Zeppelin founded the 4776:. London: Sutton Publishing, 1995. 4718:. London: Arms & Armour, 1990. 3357:. Flight Aircraft Engineer Magazine 2302:crossed the Polish border near the 4867:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark. 4831:Iwersen, Malene (1 January 2006). 4716:Zeppelin! The German Airship Story 4701:Zeppelin: Rigid Airships 1893–1940 4686:Hindenburg: An Illustrated History 4684:Archbold, Rich and Ken Marschall. 3423:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 51–55. 2459:Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade 2264:, designed to be even larger than 2171:to take over Zeppelin operations. 2005:toured Germany and visited Italy, 1255:described one raid in a letter to 360:producing the technical drawings. 176:spire of the Empire State Building 14: 4852:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark 4835:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark 4818:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark 4814:Iwersen, Malene (1 August 2006). 4801:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark 4177:"By Calypso Our Stories Are Told" 3792:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 345-6 3644:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 132–4 3580:Cole and Cheeseman 1984, pp118–20 3544:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 83–5. 3432:Cole and Cheesman, 1984, pp. 56-8 3377:British Naval Aircraft since 1912 3044:"German Airship Disaster". News. 2206:. Apart from propaganda flights, 2041:Grace Marguerite Hay Drummond-Hay 1396:, and the Buckingham filled with 1318:Zeppelin bomb, on display at the 881:, with the loss of all its crew. 585:commemorating the 1910 LZ 7 crash 4688:. New York: Warner Books, 1994. 4511:London: Faber & Faber, 1934. 3990:"U.S. Zeppelin on Trial". News. 3734:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp.180–1 3716:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp.167–8 3379:. London: Putnam, 4th ed, 1978. 2698:Cole and Cheeseman 1984, p. 449. 2380:Zeppelins are often featured in 2255:was retired one month after the 1822:, Britain, and Belgium in 1920. 983:Bombing campaign against Britain 838:. A preliminary attempt to bomb 454:. Despite this performance, the 59:named after the German inventor 43:airship built in Germany by the 4850:"There is Something in the Air" 4799:"An Airborne Telegraph Station" 4586:, Lulu online publishing, 2017. 4481:, Lulu online publishing, 2013. 4228:Grimes, A. C. (31 March 2020). 4092:Robinson 1973, pp 291-294. 3774:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 198. 3608:McLean, David (14 April 2014). 3009:. 5 September 1909. p. 21. 2599:Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen 2574:Buoyancy compensator (aviation) 2055:US Air Mail 1930 picturing the 1942:Given the designation ZR-3 USS 1227:, the first bombs striking the 4254:Kemp, Sam (21 February 2022). 3955:Driggs, Laurence La Tourette. 3662:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 145 3635:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 124 3405:Cole and Cheesman, 1984, p. 24 3232:"Air Raids Again". Editorial. 2131:: note swastikas on tail fins. 1633:, eventually coming down near 363:Zeppelin's patent described a 1: 4871:Steadman, Mark (1 May 2006). 4427:London: Paragon House, 1991. 4020:"The Zeppelin Flight". News. 3896: 3671:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p.149 3589:Cole and Cheesman 1984 p. 122 3513:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 73 3468:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 68 2714:. Lonely Planet. p. 86. 2589:List of Schütte-Lanz airships 2193:) made its first flight. The 1307:Zeppelin memorial flagstone, 1187:A commemorative plaque at 61 877:when it caught fire over the 116:resulted in over 500 deaths. 6953:20th-century German aviation 4140:Journal of American Folklore 3919:Robinson 1971, pp. 68-9 (fn) 3725:Cole and Cheesman, pp. 174–6 3441:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p.60 3281: 3140:, 1962 edition published by 1332:National Physical Laboratory 112:. Numerous bombing raids on 6933:Vehicles introduced in 1900 4972:(archived 20 December 2008) 4568:. London: Neil Richardson. 4564:Smith, Peter J. C. (1991). 4439:de Syon, Guillaume (2001). 4375:Santa Barbara, California: 4128:Robinson 1973, p. 296. 3783:Cole and Cheesman, pp 250-4 2894: 2770:Syon, Guillaume de (2007). 2465:In 1968, English rock band 2373:. In 1934, the calypsonian 2135:The coming to power of the 1694:, and shot down in flames. 1463:L32 Great Burstead Memorial 623:(1913). By the outbreak of 518:Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH 205:, the magenta elements are 98:Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-AG 47:(Zeppelin Airship Company) 6971: 6928:Brands that became generic 4593:Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2004. 4394:Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2008. 4119:Robinson 1973, p. 295 4110:Robinson 1974, p. 295 4101:Robinson 1974, p. 294 4083:Robinson 1973, p. 285 4074:Robinson 1973, p. 282 4005:"Largest Zeppelin". News. 3957:"The Fall Of The Airship." 3571:Cole and Cheeseman, p. 110 3459:Cole and Cheesman pp. 64-7 3211:March, Francis A. (1919). 2776:. JHU Press. p. 130. 2663:Eckener 1938, pp. 155–157. 2162:Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei 2116: 1728:240 hp (180 kW) 1661:in the belief that it was 986: 946:Curtiss H.12 Large America 790:for negotiations with the 18: 6903: 4566:Zeppelins over Lancashire 4425:Zeppelins of World War I. 3928:Liddell Hart 1934, p. 76. 3860:Robinson 1973, pp. 95-100 3831:University of Constance. 3810:Robinson 1971, pp. 308-13 3653:Cole and Cheesman, p. 139 3562:Robinson 1971, pp. 129–30 3267:Robinson 1971, pp. 248-53 1467:L 32 was piloted by 1320:National Museum of Flight 931:Battle of the Dogger Bank 189:Principal characteristics 21:Zeppelin (disambiguation) 4986:12 November 2014 at the 4875:. Post & Tele Museum 4833:"The Airship is Coming!" 4759:The Deltoid Pumpkin Seed 4608:. London: Conway, 2012. 4409:. London: Putnam, 1984. 4371:Boyne, Walter J. et al. 3937:Robinson 1973, pp. 257-8 3851:Robinson 1973, pp. 89-90 3348:"The Brock Bullet Claim" 3337:Robinson 1971, pp. 243–4 3319:Robinson 1971, pp. 233-5 3214:History of the World War 2964:: 1076. 30 October 1914. 2422:The Rise of the Cybermen 2342:ordered LZ 127 and 1707:and the stress engineer 1217:Liverpool Street station 1178:Fenchurch Street station 135:, which also prohibited 6948:20th century in Germany 6943:Aviation in World War I 4550:The Zeppelin in Combat. 3887:Robinson 1973, pp. 93-4 3878:Robinson 1973, pp.127–8 3396:Robinson 1971, pp. 55-6 3301:Robinson 1971, pp. 81-2 3292:Robinson 1971, pp. 83-4 2488:self-titled debut album 2469:chose their name after 2453:Kiki's Delivery Service 2062:In the following year, 2037:William Randolph Hearst 1918:over southern Manhattan 1582:Camberwell Old Cemetery 1536:by three aircraft from 1408:dropped a few bombs on 1406:Schütte-Lanz SL 11 1284:guns were converted to 900:A Zeppelin flying over 892:1914–1918 naval patrols 4730:Jones, H. A. (2009) . 4582:Schiller, Hans von. – 4043:Swinfield 2012, p. 239 3897:Lehmann, The Zeppelins 3869:Robinson 1973, pp335–6 3698:Robinson 1971 pp 172–9 3535:5 February 1916, p. 7. 3531:"Damage in the Raid." 3522:Boulton, 2000, p. 106. 3477:Robinson 1971, p. 384. 3168:Robinson 1973, pp.86-7 3097:Robinson 1971, p. 378. 2856:Dooley 2004, p. A.191. 2847:Dooley 2004, p. A.193. 2796:Dooley 2004, p. A.183. 2755:Grossman, Dan (2009). 2689:Dooley 2004, p. A.190. 2675:Dooley 2004, p. A.187. 2579:Lane hydrogen producer 2516:Luftschiffbau Zeppelin 2511: 2226: 2132: 2059: 2024: 1968: 1919: 1860: 1848: 1751: 1698:Technological progress 1678:Führer der Luftschiffe 1585: 1573: 1464: 1448: 1440: 1422:William Leefe Robinson 1334: 1323: 1311: 1269: 1192: 1103:and then north toward 998: 907: 823: 696: 688: 638:On 24 April 1912, the 635: 619:(1912) and LZ 17 586: 541: 511: 467: 395: 366: 334:Ferdinand von Zeppelin 329: 328:Ferdinand von Zeppelin 236:made from cattle gut. 212: 197:The pink ovals depict 163:, and the even larger 61:Ferdinand von Zeppelin 48: 45:Luftschiffbau Zeppelin 6876:Fliegende Panzerfaust 6833:Zeppelin Flugzeugebau 4898:U.S. patent 0,621,195 4816:"Fascination goes on" 4589:Stephenson, Charles. 4548:Robinson, Douglas H. 4533:Robinson, Douglas H. 4065:Robinson 1973, p. 283 4034:Swinfield 2012, p.237 3946:Robinson 1973, p. 259 3801:Robinson 1971, p. 308 3756:Robinson 1971, p. 389 3745:The Zeppelin Fighters 3707:Robinson 1971, p. 179 3553:Robinson 1971, p. 128 3504:Robinson 1971, p. 117 3258:Robinson 1973, p. 126 3249:Robinson 1973, p. 113 3144:, 1980 p.b. edition, 3058:Robinson 1973, p. 331 3019:Robinson 1973, p. 57. 2838:Robinson 1973 pp.15-6 2624:The Zeppelin Fighters 2509: 2290:border, first in the 2278:Graf Zeppelin II 2271:Graf Zeppelin II 2220: 2178:On 4 March 1936 2165:, as a subsidiary of 2126: 2054: 2019: 1971:With the delivery of 1961: 1911: 1854: 1842: 1742: 1579: 1567: 1507:Great Burstead Church 1480:before crossing over 1462: 1446: 1438: 1329: 1317: 1306: 1257:Lady Ottoline Morrell 1186: 1016:incendiary ammunition 996: 987:Further information: 899: 821: 694: 686: 633: 580: 536: 510:Wreckage of LZ 4 509: 465: 389: 327: 196: 172:transatlantic flights 69:[ˈt͡sɛpəliːn] 65:German pronunciation: 31: 4665:Althoff, William F. 4507:Liddell Hart, B. H. 3765:Robinson 1971, p.208 3598:Robinson 1971 p. 137 3495:Robinson 1971 p. 109 3450:Robinson 1971, p. 77 3414:Robinson 1971, p. 67 3328:Robinson 1971, p.241 3310:Robinson 1971, p 350 3201:Robinson 1973, p. 94 3088:Robinson 1971, p. 25 3076:Robinson 1971, p 21. 3067:Robinson 1973, p. 62 2992:Robinson 1971, p. 15 2956:"Germany's Airships" 2942:Robinson 1971, p. 14 2933:de Syon 2001, p. 38. 2924:de Syon 2001, p. 35. 2915:de Syon 2001, p. 26. 2906:de Syon 2001, p. 25. 2880:Robinson 1971, p. 13 2280:was assigned to the 2187:President of Germany 2185:(named after former 1777:Treaty of Versailles 1775:. Specifically, the 1568:1917 watercolour by 754:Battle of Tannenberg 640:Imperial German Navy 546:Imperial German Army 338:Heinrich von Stephan 133:Treaty of Versailles 19:For other uses, see 4463:Part II: Appendices 3838:4 June 2008 at the 3688:. 3 September 2016. 3124:Robinson 1973, p.85 2351:Cultural influences 2191:Paul von Hindenburg 2113:, the end of an era 1749:Imperial War Museum 1213:St Paul's Cathedral 679:During World War I 653:lost on 9 September 599:Deutschland II 523:Zeppelin Foundation 428:Luftschiff Zeppelin 269:By the time of the 224:, a combination of 84:in 1895 and in the 4643:Dorling Kindersley 4213:Los Angeles Times, 4056:1952, pp. 275–300. 4052:Koestler, Arthur. 3743:Whitehouse, Arch, 3486:Cross 1991, p. 35. 3282:Lehmann Chapter VI 3007:The New York Times 2897:, pp. A.197–A.198. 2869:Die Welt (Vienna), 2805:Robinson 1973 p.13 2512: 2436:' and Pete Tyler, 2412:parallel universes 2391:His Dark Materials 2240:static electricity 2227: 2133: 2060: 2025: 1969: 1967:under construction 1920: 1861: 1849: 1752: 1586: 1574: 1570:Felix Schwormstädt 1530:R33-class airships 1494:Bock & Pomeroy 1465: 1449: 1441: 1394:potassium chlorate 1335: 1324: 1312: 1294:Royal Flying Corps 1193: 1134:R. A. J. Warneford 999: 952:were delivered to 908: 879:Straits of Otranto 855:German East Africa 836:Courland Peninsula 824: 697: 689: 644:Alfred von Tirpitz 636: 587: 542: 529:Before World War I 512: 468: 396: 350:American Civil War 330: 218:non-rigid airships 213: 145:United States Navy 49: 41:United States Navy 16:Rigid airship type 6910: 6909: 6899: 6898: 6683: 6682: 6679: 6678: 5995: 5994: 4767:978-0-374-51635-2 4743:978-1-84342-414-7 4651:978-0-7195-6245-7 4584:The Zeppelin Book 4543:978-0-85429-145-8 4495:Lehmann, Ernst A. 4400:978-1-84603-245-5 4366:978-0-52177-799-5 4354:Boulton, James T. 4283:Airship Ventures, 4054:Arrow in the Blue 3192:, pp. 13–15. 3180:, pp. 45–46. 2721:978-1-74104-125-5 2594:List of Zeppelins 2477:, told guitarist 2434:People's Republic 2420:in the episodes " 2386:parallel universe 2382:alternate history 2292:Sudeten mountains 2119:LZ 129 Hindenburg 1897:, and buying the 1830:After World War I 1747:preserved at the 1690:piloted by Major 1613:, Manchester and 1526:Little Wigborough 1382:R-class Zeppelins 1209:Smithfield Market 1073:P class Zeppelins 965:Terschelling Bank 777:collateral damage 648:Kaiser Wilhelm II 234:goldbeater's skin 201:cells inside the 170:operated regular 6960: 6701:Zeppelin-Staaken 6698: 6688:Heavier-than-air 6059:Graf Zeppelin II 6006: 5078: 5065: 5055:Lighter-than-air 5040: 5033: 5026: 5017: 4952: 4951: 4947: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4900: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4772:Mowthorpe, Ces. 4754: 4752: 4750: 4634: 4579: 4530: 4504: 4477:Dürr, Ludwig. – 4457:Dooley, Sean C. 4454: 4341: 4338: 4332: 4322: 4316: 4307: 4301: 4292: 4286: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4260:Far Out Magazine 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4225: 4216: 4204:Hanson, Andrew. 4202: 4196: 4195: 4190: 4188: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4135: 4129: 4126: 4120: 4117: 4111: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4093: 4090: 4084: 4081: 4075: 4072: 4066: 4063: 4057: 4050: 4044: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3972: 3966: 3953: 3947: 3944: 3938: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3920: 3917: 3911: 3905: 3899: 3894: 3888: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3870: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3843: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3793: 3790: 3784: 3781: 3775: 3772: 3766: 3763: 3757: 3754: 3748: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3717: 3714: 3708: 3705: 3699: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3678: 3672: 3669: 3663: 3660: 3654: 3651: 3645: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3590: 3587: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3554: 3551: 3545: 3542: 3536: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3505: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3388: 3375:Thetford, Owen. 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3355:flightglobal.com 3352: 3344: 3338: 3335: 3329: 3326: 3320: 3317: 3311: 3308: 3302: 3299: 3293: 3290: 3284: 3279: 3268: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3238: 3237: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3166: 3157: 3142:Constable and Co 3134:Tuchman, Barbara 3131: 3125: 3122: 3113: 3107: 3098: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3077: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3026: 3020: 3017: 3011: 3010: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2981: 2980: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2952: 2943: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2907: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2881: 2878: 2872: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2705: 2699: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2676: 2673: 2664: 2661: 2645: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2627: 2620: 2523:Airship Ventures 2514:Since the 1990s 2426:The Age of Steel 2397:The Book of Dust 2080:Great Depression 2033:circumnavigation 2027:In August 1929, 1977:Locarno treaties 1876:LZ 121 Nordstern 1756:Ernst A. Lehmann 1671:Fregattenkapitän 1486:Frederick Sowrey 1020:fighter aircraft 851:Lettow-Vorbeck's 828:Saint Petersburg 581:A monument near 572:were given names 369: 293: 79: 78: 77: 71: 66: 6970: 6969: 6963: 6962: 6961: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6913: 6912: 6911: 6906: 6895: 6854: 6828: 6777:Zeppelin-Lindau 6772: 6689: 6675: 6353: 6347: 6215: 6209: 6127: 6121: 6001: 5991: 5965: 5924: 5898: 5877: 5816: 5780: 5759: 5738: 5640: 5567: 5444: 5423: 5405: 5334: 5313: 5295: 5281: 5263: 5222: 5201: 5175: 5154: 5136: 5115: 5094: 5072: 5070: 5056: 5050: 5044: 4988:Wayback Machine 4961: 4956: 4949: 4943: 4936: 4930: 4923: 4917: 4910: 4904: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4878: 4876: 4870: 4855: 4853: 4847: 4838: 4836: 4830: 4821: 4819: 4813: 4804: 4802: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4729: 4699:Brooks, Peter. 4661: 4659:Further reading 4656: 4639:First World War 4637:Willmott, H.P. 4631: 4618: 4576: 4563: 4527: 4514: 4493: 4467:THÈSE NO 2986. 4451: 4438: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4323: 4319: 4308: 4304: 4293: 4289: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4227: 4226: 4219: 4203: 4199: 4186: 4184: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3932: 3927: 3923: 3918: 3914: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3840:Wayback Machine 3830: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3751: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3720: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3693: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3539: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3391: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3323: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3241: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3160: 3146:Macmillan Press 3132: 3128: 3123: 3116: 3108: 3101: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2984: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2954: 2953: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2825: 2821: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2784: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2759:. Airships.net. 2754: 2753: 2749: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2722: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2679: 2674: 2667: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2565: 2504: 2414:, also used in 2353: 2225:on fire in 1937 2202:with flammable 2149:Joseph Goebbels 2121: 2115: 1956: 1933:Calvin Coolidge 1837: 1832: 1769: 1760:observation car 1745:observation car 1700: 1682:Royal Air Force 1646: 1562: 1538:No. 39 Squadron 1349:fishing trawler 1274: 1205:Kapitänleutnant 1189:Farringdon Road 1097:Stoke Newington 1049: 991: 985: 954:RNAS Felixstowe 894: 681: 531: 412:Friedrichshafen 322: 317: 291: 191: 129:Friedrichshafen 74: 73: 72: 64: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6968: 6967: 6964: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6915: 6914: 6908: 6907: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6836: 6834: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6773: 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6020: 6012: 6010: 6003: 6002:identification 5997: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5973: 5971: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5906: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5896: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5757: 5752: 5746: 5744: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5577: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5454: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5415: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 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Lawrence 1229:Lyceum Theatre 1138:Victoria Cross 1057:Great Yarmouth 1048: 1045: 1037:dead reckoning 984: 981: 935:Admiral Hipper 893: 890: 742:Reginald Marix 680: 677: 610:Viktoria Luise 567:Orville Wright 530: 527: 416:Lake Constance 321: 318: 316: 313: 190: 187: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6966: 6965: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6902: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6831: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6699: 6696: 6693: 6686: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 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2835: 2832: 2829:, p. 18. 2828: 2823: 2820: 2817:, p. 15. 2816: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2785: 2783:9780801886348 2779: 2775: 2774: 2766: 2763: 2758: 2751: 2748: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2723: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2704: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2651: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2532:In May 2011, 2530: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2517: 2508: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2473:, drummer of 2472: 2468: 2463: 2461: 2460: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2393: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363:Howard Hughes 2360: 2359: 2358:Hell's Angels 2350: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2308:Lublin R-XIII 2305: 2304:Hel Peninsula 2301: 2297: 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Retrieved 3354: 3342: 3333: 3324: 3315: 3306: 3297: 3288: 3263: 3254: 3233: 3227: 3213: 3206: 3197: 3190:Tilford 1996 3185: 3178:Madison 2005 3173: 3137: 3129: 3109:Boyne 2002, 3093: 3072: 3063: 3054: 3045: 3039: 3030: 3024: 3015: 3006: 2997: 2976: 2970: 2959: 2938: 2929: 2920: 2911: 2902: 2876: 2868: 2861: 2852: 2843: 2834: 2827:de Syon 2001 2822: 2815:de Syon 2001 2810: 2801: 2792: 2772: 2765: 2750: 2739: 2730: 2710: 2703: 2694: 2659: 2640: 2631: 2623: 2618: 2544: 2542: 2531: 2520: 2513: 2494:crashing in 2491: 2467:Led Zeppelin 2464: 2457: 2451: 2441: 2415: 2405: 2395: 2394:trilogy and 2389: 2379: 2357: 2354: 2343: 2339: 2337: 2315: 2299: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2234: 2228: 2222: 2211: 2207: 2199: 2194: 2181: 2177: 2173:Hugo Eckener 2166: 2160: 2134: 2128: 2110: 2092: 2083: 2063: 2061: 2056: 2044: 2028: 2026: 2021: 2002: 1994: 1988: 1985: 1980: 1972: 1970: 1963: 1947: 1943: 1941: 1929: 1921: 1914: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1875: 1870: 1865:Hugo Eckener 1862: 1856: 1844: 1824: 1813: 1795: 1770: 1753: 1734: 1726: 1722: 1717:Schütte-Lanz 1701: 1677: 1670: 1666: 1647: 1639: 1627:Hither Green 1607: 1599: 1591: 1587: 1580:Memorial in 1542: 1534: 1515: 1503: 1469:Oberleutnant 1468: 1466: 1450: 1402: 1386: 1379: 1370:Forth Bridge 1353: 1336: 1290:Searchlights 1279: 1275: 1262: 1250: 1221: 1204: 1201:Skinningrove 1194: 1142: 1114: 1094: 1069: 1050: 1029: 1018:was used in 1000: 971: 959: 950:flying boats 943: 939: 928: 909: 903: 886:Tondern raid 883: 848: 825: 781: 773: 762: 702: 698: 669: 664: 637: 620: 615: 609: 604: 598: 590: 588: 560: 550: 543: 538: 516: 513: 496:Echterdingen 484: 469: 456:shareholders 451: 444: 427: 419: 399: 397: 391: 373: 364: 362: 354: 331: 301: 295: 288: 286: 281: 277: 270: 268: 264: 253: 245:Schütte-Lanz 238: 214: 206: 180: 166: 158: 153: 149: 118: 89: 52: 50: 35: 25: 6938:Air freight 6155:Ersatz Z II 6081:Los Angeles 6024:Deutschland 5000:Zeppelin NT 4669:Los Angeles 3961:The Outlook 3138:August 1914 2895:Dooley 2004 2553:Edelweiss's 2527:Zeppelin NT 2510:Zeppelin NT 2483:Peter Grant 2428:" when the 2371:World War I 2344:LZ 130 2316:LZ 130 2300:LZ 130 2262:LZ 131 2208:LZ 129 1944:Los Angeles 1937:White House 1925:LZ 126 1915:Los Angeles 1835:Renaissance 1789:Article 202 1783:Article 198 1773:reparations 1605:, Suffolk. 1414:Ponders End 1362:Cleethorpes 1298:Ranken dart 1265:like Milton 1158:Walthamstow 1105:Leytonstone 1065:King's Lynn 977:Sopwith Pup 948:long-range 806:and bombed 784:Szentandras 740:by Flt Lt. 722:Z VIII 673:Maybach C-X 634:LZ 18 (L 2) 625:World War I 591:Deutschland 539:Deutschland 436:bevel gears 408:Ludwig Dürr 251:tail fins. 141:one airship 102:World War I 36:Los Angeles 6917:Categories 6692:aeroplanes 6140:Ersatz Z I 6066:Hindenburg 6000:Operator's 4945:US 1724009 4932:US 1474517 4919:US 1449721 4906:US 1217657 4749:7 February 4641:. London: 4526:1851094202 4265:2 February 4239:2 February 3820:Smith 1991 3533:The Times, 2605:References 2549:fuel cells 2545:Hindenburg 2529:airships. 2502:Modern era 2496:New Jersey 2492:Hindenburg 2479:Jimmy Page 2471:Keith Moon 2438:Rose Tyler 2417:Doctor Who 2400:series by 2329:Chain Home 2325:Scapa Flow 2321:Portsmouth 2294:region of 2266:Hindenburg 2257:Hindenburg 2235:Hindenburg 2223:Hindenburg 2200:Hindenburg 2195:Hindenburg 2182:Hindenburg 2137:Nazi Party 2129:Hindenburg 2111:Hindenburg 1954:Golden age 1948:Shenandoah 1894:Shenandoah 1705:Paul Jaray 1663:Birmingham 1651:Hartlepool 1623:Camberwell 1619:Piccadilly 1398:phosphorus 1390:Lewis guns 1154:Lea Valley 1061:Sheringham 853:forces in 769:Poperinghe 738:Düsseldorf 718:Z VII 661:LZ 18 657:Heligoland 346:Union Army 296:Hindenburg 282:Hindenburg 272:Hindenburg 181:Hindenburg 167:Hindenburg 106:as bombers 6923:Zeppelins 6095:Nordstern 4298:LA Times, 4187:9 January 4022:The Times 4007:The Times 3992:The Times 3977:The Times 3361:12 August 3234:The Times 3046:The Times 3031:The Times 2977:The Times 2652:Citations 2448:steampunk 2340:Luftwaffe 2283:Luftwaffe 2231:Lakehurst 2168:Lufthansa 2072:Frankfurt 2007:Palestine 1999:Lakehurst 1913:ZR-3 USS 1892:ZR-1 USS 1880:Stockholm 1857:Nordstern 1732:engines. 1615:Liverpool 1611:Sheffield 1603:Theberton 1546:Lowestoft 1518:Upminster 1474:Sevenoaks 1430:Red Cross 1345:L 19 1309:Edinburgh 1237:Tonbridge 1233:Guildford 1199:plant at 1166:Southwark 1150:Zeebrugge 1117:Gravesend 1099:south to 1041:blackouts 970:HMS 958:HMS 912:North Sea 902:SMS 863:L 59 859:L 57 844:Seerappen 808:Bucharest 792:Bulgarian 730:Z IX 706:Z VI 595:Bad Iburg 583:Bad Iburg 556:Lunéville 500:Stuttgart 452:La France 394:) in 1900 377:Carl Berg 249:cruciform 226:aluminium 222:duralumin 110:as scouts 6109:Schwaben 6017:Bodensee 5929:Post-war 5059:airships 5049:aircraft 5047:Zeppelin 4984:Archived 4645:, 2003. 4497:(1927). 4379:, 2002. 4377:ABC-Clio 4181:Archived 3836:Archived 3686:BBC News 2563:See also 2534:Goodyear 2244:sabotage 2204:hydrogen 1871:Bodensee 1845:Bodensee 1713:Mannheim 1659:Coventry 1635:Sisteron 1482:Purfleet 1340:Midlands 1245:Hertford 1191:, London 1174:Cheshunt 1170:Woolwich 1162:Cuxhaven 1145:Tyneside 1109:D notice 1089:Ramsgate 1081:Southend 972:Yarmouth 914:and the 904:Seydlitz 832:Wainoden 812:Ploiești 796:Salonika 612:(1912), 605:Schwaben 440:nacelles 426:(LZ for 420:Bodensee 392:Bodensee 342:envelope 309:buoyancy 304:Blau gas 260:gondolas 199:hydrogen 183:disaster 143:for the 94:airships 90:zeppelin 53:Zeppelin 6891:ZSO 523 6886:ZMe 423 6881:ZMe 323 6728:VGO.III 6214:Army LZ 6102:Sachsen 6045:Esperia 6038:Dixmude 5970:Unbuilt 5903:X Class 5882:W Class 5821:V Class 5785:U Class 5764:T Class 5743:S Class 5646:R Class 5573:Q Class 5450:P Class 5428:O Class 5411:N Class 5339:M Class 5318:L Class 5301:K Class 5292:skipped 5286:J Class 5269:I Class 5227:H Class 5206:G Class 5180:F Class 5159:E Class 5142:D Class 5120:C Class 5099:B Class 5082:A Class 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