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This period marked the great age of the airship. Before the First World War, pioneers such as the German
Zeppelin company had begun passenger services, but the airships constructed in the years following were altogether larger and more famous. Large airships were also experimented with for military
429:. The ability to handle the high mechanical stresses imposed by this advanced form of airframe design philosophy suited the all-metal aircraft construction techniques pioneered by some earlier designers, and the increasing availability of high strength-to-weight aluminum alloys — first used by
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in its hangar. Although successful, the idea was not taken further. By the time the Navy started to develop a sound doctrine for using these airships, both had been lost in accidents. More significantly, the seaplane had become more mature and was considered a better investment.
150:, creating a revolution in both commercial and military aviation. By the outbreak of World War II in 1939 the biplane was all but obsolete. This revolution was made possible by the continuing development of lightweight
481:
The Comet was powered by two race-tuned but otherwise standard production de
Havilland Gipsy Six engines with a combined output of 460 hp (344 kW). This compares for example on the one hand to
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purposes, notably the
American construction of two airborne aircraft carriers, but their large size made them vulnerable and the idea was dropped. This period also saw the introduction of non-flammable
478:. Unusually for such a highly stressed wing at that time it was still made of wood, with the thin stressed-skin design made possible by the appearance of new high-strength synthetic resin adhesives.
466:
racer of 1934 was one of the first designs to incorporate all the features of the modern fast monoplane, including; stressed-skin construction, a thin, clean, low-drag cantilever wing, retractable
386:, which was stored in large gas bags below the hydrogen cells. Since its density was similar to that of air, it avoided any weight change as fuel was used, and thus the need to vent hydrogen. The
453:
likewise used the
Junkers firm's techniques for all-metal aircraft construction, his designs ranged in size to the enormous, 63 meter (206 ft) wingspan eight-engined Soviet
181:
displays. Many commercial airlines were started during this period. Long-distance flights for the luxury traveller became possible for the first time; the early services used
161:
39:
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in 1918 — that the low-wing monoplane began to gain favour, reaching its classic form in such designs. These were pioneered in late 1933 by the Soviet Union with the
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During the late 1920s and early 1930s the available power from aero engines increased significantly, making possible the adoption of the fast cantilever-wing
376:
was intended to stimulate interest in passenger airships, and was the largest airship that could be built in the company's existing shed. Its engines ran on
941:
513:. The two men were unaware of the other's work, and both Germany and Britain would go on to develop jet aircraft by the end of World War II. In Hungary,
242:
A number of nations operated airships between the two world wars, including
Britain, the United States, Germany, Italy, France, the Soviet Union and
165:"Map of Air Routes and Landing Places in Great Britain, as temporarily arranged by the Air Ministry for civilian flying", published in 1919, showing
556:
Many of these new routes had few facilities such as modern runways, and this era also became the age of the great flying boats such as the German
605:
In military aviation, the fast all-metal monoplane emerged slowly. During the 1920s the high-wing parasol monoplane vied with the traditional
86:
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354:, then the tallest building in the world, was completed in 1931 with a dirigible mast, in anticipation of passenger airship service.
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to meet the new demand. Sailplanes continued to evolve through the 1930s and sport gliding became the main application of gliders.
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The most famous airships today are the passenger-carrying rigid airships made by the German
Zeppelin company, especially the
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in 1932 — nearly fifteen years after the first low-wing fighter to enter limited military service, the all-metal airframe
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many years before, the
Americans built hangars into two new airships and even designed specialist airplanes for them. The
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was the first to use helium, which was in such short supply that the one airship contained most of the world's reserves.
915:
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patented a design for a jet engine in 1930 and towards the end of the decade began developing an engine. In
Germany
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continued to be used since the United States had the only sources of the gas at that time, and would not export it.
32:
319:
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common in the First World War quickly fell out of favour, being replaced by more powerful stationary air-cooled
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became widespread and many daring and dramatic feats took place such as round-the-world flights, air races and
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for his all-metal airframe designs — made it practical, allowing the earliest all-metal airliners like the
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of 1936 were also flying, powered by new and powerful liquid-cooled vee-twelve engines respectively from
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and other aerobatic displays which produced a corps of skilled pilots who would contribute to military
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Airship operations suffered a series of highly publicised fatal accidents, notably to the
British
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nine-cylinder radial engine. Within only a few years after the I-16's first flights, the German
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Many aviation firsts occurred during this period. Long-distance flights by pioneers such as Sir
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in 1937. Following the
Hindenburg disaster, the age of the great airships was effectively over.
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also began development during the 1930s but would not see operational use until later.
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A History in the Making: 80 Turbulent Years in the American General Aviation Industry
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The Airships Akron & Macon: flying aircraft carriers of the United States Navy
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142:(1939) was characterised by a progressive change from the slow wood-and-fabric
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322:. Whereas the British had experimented with an aircraft "trapeze" on the
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were the world's largest airships at the time, with each carrying four
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Spitfire: Classic aircraft No.1, their history and how to model them
417:, the largest fixed-wing aircraft built anywhere before World War II
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C development engine which powered the prototype Spitfire in 1936.
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patented his version of a jet engine in 1936 and began developing
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In military aviation, the fast all-metal monoplane equipped with
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as a lifting gas by the United States, while the more dangerous
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became the first aircraft to fly all the way around the world.
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The areas of the world covered by commercial air routes in 1925
15:
568:, which could operate from any stretch of clear, calm water.
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blazed a trail which new commercial airlines soon followed.
200:— first placed into production by the Soviet Union with the
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Long distance flights and records as of 1925 by nationality
459:, the largest aircraft built anywhere before World War II.
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of 1934 — emerged in such classic designs as the German
212:, which would go on to see service in the coming war.
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all-metal monoplane of 1918 and to the 1,172 hp
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903:
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318:The US Navy explored the idea of using airships as
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
797:Wings over America: The Story of American Aviation
579:during World War II on all sides of the conflict.
445:, and Junkers' own pioneering airliners like the
277:was the first aircraft confirmed to fly over the
714:, Annapolis MD, US Naval Institute Press, 1965,
609:. It was not until the arrival of the American
776:Green, W. and Swanborough, G.; "Plane Facts",
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449:to be built and accepted into service. When
8:
627:fighter, powered initially with an American
585:flourished, particularly in Germany through
501:began in Germany and in England. In England
284:The first American-built rigid airship, the
271:and in 1926 the Italian semi-rigid airship,
754:, 1st Edition, Blackie, ca. 1949, Page 232.
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146:of World War I to fast, streamlined metal
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
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517:began construction of the world's first
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799:, Halcyon House, Garden City, New York.
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425:, originally pioneered as far back as
7:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
571:This period also saw the growth of
189:, airships fell out of use and the
959:Claims to the first powered flight
14:
55:"Aviation between the World Wars"
497:In the 1930s development of the
470:, landing flaps, variable-pitch
20:
763:Cross, R. and Scarborough, G.;
31:needs additional citations for
734:, New York, Henry Hold, 2001,
267:flew a double crossing of the
1:
617:had entered service with the
484:the single 180 hp engine
698:Early Aviation in Long Beach
261:In 1919 the British airship
138:(1918) and the beginning of
964:Air warfare of World War II
732:Dr. Eckener's Dream Machine
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767:, Patrick Stephens (1971).
320:airborne aircraft carriers
219:
991:Aviation timelines navbox
987:
814:Aviation: The early years
752:Flight today and tomorrow
169:, near London, as the hub
154:of increasing power. The
938:Unmanned aerial vehicles
816:, Ullmann, 2013 edition.
635:of 1935 and the British
464:de Havilland DH.88 Comet
198:retractable landing gear
539:Charles Kingsford Smith
397:in 1930 and the German
880:Between the World Wars
783:No. 1 (1971), Page 53.
611:Boeing P-26 Peashooter
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418:
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239:
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128:Golden Age of Aviation
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1010:20th-century aviation
865:Early flying machines
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413:The Tupolev-designed
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405:Aeronautical advances
352:Empire State Building
301:
229:
164:
126:Sometimes dubbed the
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681:Donald M. Pattillo.
637:Supermarine Spitfire
633:Messerschmitt Bf 109
583:Recreational gliding
291:, flew in 1923. The
210:Supermarine Spitfire
206:Messerschmitt Bf 109
130:, the period in the
40:improve this article
851:History of aviation
593:manufactured sport
187:Hindenburg disaster
173:During this period
134:between the end of
132:history of aviation
807:General references
730:Botting, Douglas,
710:Smith, Richard K.
591:Schweizer brothers
589:. In the US, the
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492:Rolls-Royce Merlin
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369:of the year 1936.
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193:came to dominate.
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979:Women in aviation
916:Aviation medicine
890:Post-World War II
720:978-0-87021-065-5
696:Gerrie Schipske.
657:Pratt and Whitney
601:Military aviation
547:Charles Lindbergh
515:György Jendrassik
185:, but, after the
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543:Alcock and Brown
511:a similar engine
363:of 1928 and the
302:US Navy airship
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649:rotary engines
629:Wright Cyclone
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587:Rhön-Rossitten
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525:Civil aviation
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507:Hans von Ohain
486:fitted to the
451:Andrei Tupolev
433:in 1916-17 as
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96:December 2009
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57: –
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51:Find sources:
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41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
952:Other topics
933:Hang gliding
911:Aerodynamics
885:World War II
879:
813:
812:Almond, P.;
796:
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700:. p. 8.
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655:such as the
641:Daimler-Benz
618:
604:
581:
573:barnstorming
570:
566:Short Empire
564:and British
558:Dornier Do X
555:
536:
496:
488:Junkers CL.I
480:
461:
456:Maksim Gorki
455:
447:Junkers F.13
441:designed by
431:Hugo Junkers
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415:Maksim Gorky
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152:aero engines
140:World War II
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38:Please help
33:verification
30:
895:Digital Age
875:World War I
870:Pioneer era
793:Harry Bruno
645:Rolls-Royce
615:Junkers D.I
560:, American
551:Amy Johnson
191:flying boat
136:World War I
1004:Categories
989:See also:
921:Ballooning
663:References
595:sailplanes
577:air forces
499:jet engine
399:Hindenburg
366:Hindenburg
293:Shenandoah
288:Shenandoah
279:North Pole
238:circa 1932
156:jet engine
148:monoplanes
66:newspapers
519:turboprop
472:propeller
435:duralumin
427:late 1915
423:monoplane
328:USS
304:USS
286:USS
926:military
521:engine.
379:blau gas
344:fighters
269:Atlantic
256:hydrogen
216:Airships
183:airships
167:Hounslow
144:biplanes
969:Jet Age
940: (
795:(1944)
607:biplane
476:cockpit
384:propane
314:in 1933
222:Airship
80:scholar
942:combat
781:Vol. 1
738:
718:
647:. The
252:helium
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
336:Macon
330:Akron
310:over
306:Macon
274:Norge
244:Japan
234:over
232:Akron
87:JSTOR
73:books
736:ISBN
716:ISBN
643:and
549:and
462:The
395:R101
372:The
350:The
333:and
230:USS
59:news
324:R33
264:R34
42:by
1006::
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