61:
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387:) routinely made the New York-Marseilles and New York-London routes with stopovers in Lisbon. The New York-London leg of the flight had a 23-hour-and-55-minute duration, and included a one-hour-and-thirty-minute layover in Faial, while the Lisbon-Marseille route consumed an additional seven hours. The use of Faial as a technical layover was also used by other companies, who used the waters between Faial and Pico on stopovers between North America and Europe.
205:
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able to sink a German submarine using its contingent on
Terceira. By the beginning of 1944, 1400 U.S. troops and 1700 tonnes of equipment had also arrived in Angra and Praia da Vitória, in order to expand and reinforce the runway at Lajes. This included the 928 Engineering Regiment of the U.S. Air Force (17 January), and the 95 Battalion of the U.S. Navy's
467:. As a consequence, the Estado Novo regime pondered the withdrawal of the Portuguese government to the Azores, with the support of Britain. It was in this context that an Anglo-Portuguese working group was established to study and design the construction of new airfields in the archipelago. But even as the fear subsided, British prime minister
761:, or SATA, as it was known, during the Second World War. These investors, which included Augusto Rebelo Arruda, founded the Sociedade Açoriana de Estudos Aéreos, Limitada (on 21 August 1941), with the objective of obtaining the authorization from the Portuguese government to establish flights between the islands and mainland Portugal.
736:
551:
British forces disembarked on 8 October 1943, at the Port of Pipas, in Angra do Heroísmo, and a contingent of 3000 soldiers travelled to Lajes in begin expanding the small aerodrome in the area called Terra Chã. Before the end of the year, the 235 Squadron of the Royal Air Force's
Coastal Command was
348:
field, in the suburbs of Paris, as part of their first trans-Atlantic crossing, heading for New York. Major
Idzikowski was killed in the accident and Kazimierz Kubala suffered minor injuries, while the plane was consumed by flames during the rescue, when someone approached the wreckage with a torch.
164:
hydroplanes, 150 infantrymen, two pieces of artillery, some ships and submarines. The first of the contingent began patrolling on 23 February 1918, alongside the São Brás Fort in Ponta
Delgada. Their mission was to identify and combat German submarines that tracked merchant shipping in the Atlantic,
654:
But, the inauguration of the Ponta
Delgada-Nordela Airport on the southern coast of São Miguel island, fronting the main population centre, on 10 August 1969, changed the face of regional/international services in the Azores. Since its inauguration the Nordela Airport served as the operational base
499:
monoplanes, as well as support equipment and personnel, were sent to the Azores (departing on 4 June 1941). Fifteen of the
Gloster Gladiators and five Ju 52s were deposited in São Miguel at Air Base 4, for the 1st Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, while the remaining planes were sent to Terceira to
806:
to SATA. Regionalization was achieved on 17 October 1980, when 50% of SATA's operating shares were purchased from the
Bensaude Group by the Regional Government of the Azores (the remainder by TAP Air Portugal, EP). The purchase allowed the regionalization of air services into the public company
523:
was appointed Air Force representative to the Anglo-Portuguese working group. Conscious of the geostrategic importance of the Azores to trans-Atlantic flight, Delgado recommended to
Salazar that one of the two air bases (Santa Maria or Lajes) should be converted into a trans-Atlantic airport and
567:
At the end of 1946, the aerodrome in
Santana was converted into a civil airport, with two grass fields (one with a 1500-metre runway and the other 100 metres in length). The local population, owing to its rural location, on prime agricultural location, resulted in its local colloquial name as
514:
After long negotiations, an agreement was established between
Portugal and Great Britain (1 August 1943), which conceded the facilities at Air Base 4 and Lajes for use by British forces to base their North Atlantic anti-submarine patrols. In exchange, the Portuguese received six squadrons of
692:
Following these events, the increasingly autonomous governments of the Azores, between 1981 and 1983, built several airports to provide expanded service to the remaining islands. In addition to improvements at Horta Airport, the government of the Azores finalized construction of:
238:
attempted the first non-stop trans-Atlantic crossing between 16–17 May 1919. Two of the planes (NC-1 and NC-3) made emergency landings near Flores: NC-1 was completely damaged, while the NC-3 was able to continue to Ponta Delgada (by 19 May), but unable to complete the journey.
524:
centre for air traffic control, while noting: "If Your Excellency wishes to decide , I would say Lajes will do, but everyone, even the British, consider Santa Maria better". For his efficiency in the commission, the British government, decorated Humberto Delgado with the
471:
believed that new installations would be essential in the control of central and southern supply routes in the Atlantic Ocean, as well as supporting Allied forces operating in North Africa and the Mediterranean Sea. The construction of air-sea bases would close the
807:"Serviço Açoriano de Transportes Aéreos, Empresa Pública" (while maintaining its abbreviation). The same year that SATA became a public company, it also joined the European Regional Airline Association (ERAA) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
564:, only accepted the project on the grounds that it was a civilian facility. The construction began in 1944, in conjunction with the erection of a company hospital that served to provide medical assistance to U.S. troops hurt in the European theatre of operations.
776:(on 23 May 1948), with a capacity for nine passengers and 700 kilos of cargo (in addition to the crew). Flight operations began on the 1 August 1948, but were quickly suspended after the Beechcraft was involved in an accident. On the morning of 5 August, the
814:, in 1986, the regional air carrier began to operate as "SATA Air Açores". After 1985, Azores Express, a company of Grupo SATA, operated charter flights between the United States and the archipelago, while SATA Express, served charter services to Canada.
772:. The airplane transported two crew and seven passengers, and made connections between the islands of São Miguel (from the Santana air field until 1969, and later from Nordela after 1969) with Santa Maria and Terceira. A year later, SATA received two
572:, since cattle grazed on the land when flights were not occurring. Ponta Delgada-Santana field was a regional airport at the time, and international services were directed to the international airports in Santa Maria or Lajes Airfield.
543:
and the British Prime Minister agreed that Great Britain would enter the Azores with Portuguese authorization, followed by the United States, two weeks later. On 10 September, a combined British force, under the command of Air Marshall
51:
Due to the relative distance between the islands of the archipelago, aviation is in many instances more viable than boat transportation, with inter-island flights being a crucial part of the Azorean infrastructure.
863:, re-inaugurating services on 8 April 1998. While SATA Air Açores continued to operate within the archipelago, the new entity provided connections internationally and to the European continent with a fleet of
401:
In 1933, a squadron of 24 hydroplanes commanded by Italo Balbo arrived in the archipelago: nine landed in the port of Horta, while the remaining continued onto Ponta Delgada, where one was lost en route.
507:
But, the Achada Airfield in Terceira suffered from periods of fog, which covered the area during most of the year. This meteorological problem, forced the relocation of air operations to the plain of
322:, and accompanied by Captain George Haldeman, she was forced to ditch her plane in the waters along the north coast the island of Terceira due to mechanical problems, and the aircraft caught fire.
280:, departed from Lisbon, under the command of Portuguese Navy pilots Moreira de Campos and Neves Ferreira, intentionally to connect Madeira and the Azores, arriving in Ponta Delgada on 9 May 1926.
556:
construction corp (19 January). Later the US authorities signed an agreement to construct an aerodrome on the island of Santa Maria (28 November 1944). This was done under the guidance of
689:
regime, in an era that was tumultuous, the democratic politicians debated a proposal in Portuguese National Assembly to regionalize the provision of services to the Azores and Madeira.
764:
Six years later, its objective reached, the company changed its name to Sociedade Açoriana de Transportes Aéreos, Limitada, and on 15 June 1947 inaugurated flights using their first
251:(where he stopped on 20 May). After a week of rest, the team left on the morning of 27 May in the direction of Lisbon, arriving in the capital in the evening and anchoring in the
447:, the Portuguese Navy finally established a permanent Air-Navy Centre in Ponta Delgada. At the same time, a military aerodrome was established at Santana, in the civil parish of
1183:
At the end of the Second World War, the inauguration of the Santa Maria Airport and the substitution of aircraft, resulted in the moving of flight operations to the new airport.
184:
planned the possibility of acquiring one of the Portuguese islands in the Azores, to install a terrestrial base to provide support to air operation in the mid-Atlantic.
757:) operated regular flights to the Azores through the gateways in Ponta Delgada, Lajes and Vila do Porto. Meanwhile, a group of investors started their own air carrier:
258:
Still in 1919, a hydroplane travelling from England to the United States stopped in Faial, which became a frequent occurrence over time, utilizing Horta as a stopover.
230:
promoted a competition worth £10,000, to the aviator who was able to cross the Atlantic non-stop, within 72 consecutive hours, between the United States, Canada or
64:
The 1st U.S. Aeronautical company in Ponta Delgada (21 January 1918); one of the first completely equipped American aviation units to serve overseas in World War I
27:
between the continents of North America and Europe, and has played a historical role in trans-Atlantic navigation. The three primary airfields of the Azores are:
426:
352:
The following year, the Portuguese armed forces supported the idea to construct an airfield on the island of Terceira. On 4 October 1930, the first mono-motor
379:) in service of Pan American, landed on 21 November 1933, with his Lockheed 8 Sirius monoplane. After these tests, between 1937 and 1944, Pan America's
60:
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The SATA Group expanded internationally through the acquisition of OceanAir (which had suspended flying in 1994), and on 20 February 1998 renamed it
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607:
100:
220:, which started the trans-Atlantic mail service and frequently stopped in Horta (en route to Lisbon): it crashed in Lisbon on 22 February 1943
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In October 2015, SATA Internacional announced a major rebranding including a name change to "Azores Airlines" and a renewal of the fleet.
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650:
A KLM L-1049C Constellation at Santa Maria, during the post-World War era Santa Maria was the hub of International travel for the Azores
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completed tests in Horta bay as part of their plans to operate trans-Atlantic routes between North America and Europe. In this context,
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of the 1st Atlantic Light Squadron landed in Ponta Delgada, before one continued on to Horta and another to Angra do Heroísmo.
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biplane overturned during an attempted emergency landing in some fields near Brasileira. The plane, piloted by Polish aviators
224:
During the inter-war years, trans-Atlantic competition persisted between British and American entrepreneurs; the London-based
23:
by North American, South American and European pioneers of aviation. The Azores is strategically located in the centre of the
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By the end of the 1980s, SATA re-marketed itself: in 1988, it altered its colours; began re-publishing its onboard magazine
460:
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455:. Located on the northern part of the island, it operated as a military installation during the War, when it was known as
208:
The Amiot 123 piloted by Idzikowski and Kubala that was destroyed in Graciosa, on the Polish trans-Atlantic flight attempt
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In April 1931, during the Azores Revolt, three small hydroplanes of the Portuguese Navy used Horta as a base to overfly
147:
31:
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on the completed Lajes Airfield using the dual British-American markings typical of the RAF Coastal Command partnership
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was constructed on the eastern coast of the island of Airport to support the neighbouring islands of Flores and Corvo.
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A De Havilland DH-104 Dove, used by Sociedade Açoriana de Transportes Aéreos, Lda., the forerunner of SATA Air Azores
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A SATA ATP at Horta Airport (c.1990); a fleet of ATPs were acquired to replace the HS748s during the 1980–1990 era
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the previous year, American naval forces occupied and operated a naval base in Ponta Delgada, consisting of a few
108:
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is part of the greater history of aviation in Portugal, and involves the historical use of the archipelago of the
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291:, was forced to ditch his plane 200 kilometres from the island of Flores, after departing Newfoundland. The
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848:, in 1991. Still in 1991, the first permanent flights began to serve the island of Corvo, with a single
540:
292:
364:, piloted by local Frederico Coelho de Melo departed from the 600-metre-long and 70-metre-wide runway.
1236:
Messias, Rui (12 August 2009), "Lajes e Santa Maria no fim da guerra: maior ponte aérea da História",
727:
528:, since the officer had risked his career and future on the Allied cause. Between 15–18 May 1943, the
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portuguese-american-journal.com – Travel: SATA completes rebranding with extreme makeover – Azores
398:. These planes dropped pamphlets onto the island in order to convince the mutineers to surrender.
212:
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form the 2nd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron. At the same time, the British sent to São Miguel 12
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to any point in Great Britain or Ireland. In this context, three four-engine hydroplanes of the
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By the start of 1970s, 2 more aerodromes were constructed on other islands in the archipelago:
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crew registered difficulties after departing São Miguel on a routine flight to Santa Maria.
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A year later, on 19 May 1938, a comparable squadron of four tri-motor aerial reconnaissance
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was able to survive the attempt, stopping in the Bay of Horta on 17 May, and continuing to
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was bombarded in December 1916, and the following year the city was shelled by the German
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Men in the air: the best flight stories of all time from Greek mythology to the space age
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Since the 1940s, the Portuguese flag carrier Transportes Aéreos Portugueses (today's
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hydroplane stopped off in Horta, where they encountered American aviation pioneer
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which it had been using since 1969, with an improved capacity for 48 passengers.
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already projected the installation of a permanent naval air station in Horta (
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with a capacity for 26 passengers. In 1972, SATA acquired the small fleet of
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resulted in a review of Portuguese guidelines, paralysing the working group.
476:, and provide a secure blanket for the North Atlantic. The sudden attack at
337:
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began to believe that Germany, or its allies, would completely overrun the
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548:, departed from Liverpool in the direction of the island of Terceira.
329:, and later in July, a French Lieutenant, in a small hydroplane named
40:, the primary military services field, also serving civilian aviation.
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On 21 August 1963, the SATA fleet increase with the acquisition of a
273:
144:
20:
1272:
Valdez, F. (19 October 2010), "Apresentando a Ilha de Santa Maria",
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Messias, Rui (18 May 2008), "Humberto Delgado: o mentor das Lajes",
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to approve an Allied strategy on the Azores. It was followed by the
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began to provide regular flights between Lisbon and Ponta Delgada.
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Messias, Rui (18 October 2009), "Centenário: Açores e a Aviação",
240:
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72:
299:, was recovered and arrived in Horta, where it was repaired.
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making the connection between Germany and the United States.
180:), which never materialized. Similarly, in 1919, the British
265:, the archipelago was over-flown in 1924, 1927 and 1930, by
1036:(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: O Seculo, archived from
1003:
Aviação Portugueza: O "Raid" – Lisboa-Madeira-Açores-Lisboa
1284:
Operation Alacrity: the Azores and the war in the Atlantic
1062:"Biddeford Daily Journal Newspaper Archives, Nov 28, 1927"
1027:
Silveira, P. Lemos da (1927), João Pereira da Rosa (ed.),
349:
A cross was erected to mark the location of the accident.
344:
and Kazimierz Kubala had departed early that morning from
325:
In June 1928, English pilot Frank T. Courtney, piloting a
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on 24 August 1971, a new airport in the civil parish of
560:, as the Portuguese, not wanting to arouse the wrath of
504:, to constitute the 3rd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron.
168:
Even during the conflict, and following its events, the
1009:(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: A Capital, p. 1
674:
along the southern coast of Faial was inaugurated; and
333:, stopped in Horta on their trans-Atlantic flights.
318:'s feat. Piloting a small monoplane, that she named
196:
The NC-3, one of the three hydroplanes commanded by
1152:(in Portuguese). Correio dos Açores. Archived from
1150:"Os pioneiros da aviação na História dos Açores..."
283:Following this first flight, in 1927, the Marquess
969:
539:between August 11 and 30, in which U.S. President
34:, the historical hub of commercial air transport.
840:entered into service in 1989; the second, named
336:In Graciosa, on the morning of 13 June 1929, an
1258:(in Portuguese), Porto, Portugal: Edições Asa,
1256:Os Açores e o Controlo do Atlântico (1898–1948)
810:Following the suggestion of Regional President
1030:Portugal na rota da "Crociera Aerea De Pinedo"
427:North Atlantic air ferry route in World War II
47:, the current hub of commercial air transport.
8:
1287:, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press
1276:(in Portuguese) (2 ed.), pp. 23–24
243:, under the command of Lieutenant-Commander
1298:, Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing Co.,
1088:"Accident Heinkel HE6b D-1220, 13 Nov 1927"
614:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
107:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1295:Air Transport Provision in Remoter Regions
1292:Williams, George; Bråthen, Svein (eds.),
1143:
1141:
634:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
759:Sociedade Açoriana de Transportes Aéreos
734:
726:
645:
430:
302:Later that year, in October/November, a
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203:
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1000:Manuel Guimarães, ed. (20 April 1926),
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836:aircraft. The first aircraft, baptized
511:, where they constructed a new runway.
165:and protect the waters of the Azores.
1174:F. Valdez (19 October 2010), p. 23-24
7:
612:adding citations to reliable sources
367:Between 1930 and 1933, the American
105:adding citations to reliable sources
685:In 1976, following the fall of the
1192:Rui Messais (18 May 2008), p.16-17
875:for domestic/short-haul service).
14:
1148:Rezendes, Sérgio (4 April 2010).
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852:, occasionally substituted by a
659:and, two years later (in 1971),
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77:
1249:(in Portuguese), pp. 16–17
1231:(in Portuguese), pp. 16–17
943:"The Daily Mail Atlantic Prize"
856:from the Portuguese Air Force.
768:(serial number CS-TAA), named
459:. But, by the spring of 1941,
261:With the advent of commercial
1:
1240:(in Portuguese), pp. 4–9
156:With the U.S. entry into the
976:, Crown Publishers, p.
419:Portugal during World War II
314:, who was trying to emulate
1254:Telo, António José (1993),
1135:Consultada em 18 Out. 2009.
526:Order of the British Empire
461:António de Oliveira Salazar
1348:
1201:Operação Alacrity, p. xiv.
844:, in 1990; and the third,
742:
416:
1274:O Baluarte de Santa Maria
519:. By this time, in 1942,
451:, in the municipality of
443:With the outbreak of the
375:(accompanied by his wife
1112:"Ruth Elder (1902–1977)"
774:De Havilland DH.104 Dove
482:Imperial Japanese forces
43:Ponta Delgada (Nordela)
1332:Transport in the Azores
493:Gloster SS37 Gladiators
487:A ship (the Portuguese
968:Aymar, Brandt (1990),
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295:hydroplane, named the
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17:Aviation in the Azores
1327:History of the Azores
1281:Herz, Norman (2004),
918:North Atlantic Tracks
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558:Pan American airlines
541:Franklin D. Roosevelt
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304:Junkers G 24 (D-1230)
293:Savoia-Marchetti S.55
276:hydroplane, baptized
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45:João Paulo II Airport
1322:Aviation in Portugal
1066:NewspaperArchive.com
1043:on 24 September 2011
947:Flight International
867:aircraft (including
800:Portuguese Air Force
796:Carnation Revolution
608:improve this section
101:improve this section
25:North Atlantic Ocean
1133:Flight 28 Jun. 1928
1092:aviation-safety.net
407:Bréguet 521 Bizerte
385:Boeing 314 Clippers
285:Francesco De Pinedo
245:Albert Cushing Read
198:Albert Cushing Read
32:Santa Maria Airport
1156:on 29 January 2013
949:. 21 November 1918
871:for long-haul and
861:SATA International
854:CASA C-212 Aviocar
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423:Operation Alacrity
327:Dornier Wal G-CAGI
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987:978-0-517-57403-4
865:Airbus Industries
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710:São Jorge Airport
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537:Quebec Conference
517:Hawker Hurricanes
502:Curtiss P-36 Hawk
469:Winston Churchill
465:Iberian Peninsula
392:Angra do Heroísmo
373:Charles Lindbergh
342:Ludwik Idzikowski
316:Charles Lindbergh
289:Italian Air Force
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827:Azorean Spirit
794:Following the
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679:Flores Airport
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672:Castelo Branco
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297:Santa Maria II
218:Yankee Clipper
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716:Corvo Airport
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593:This section
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497:Junkers Ju 52
494:
491:) shipped 30
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449:Rabo de Peixe
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320:American Girl
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249:Ponta Delgada
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236:American Navy
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86:This section
84:
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68:
62:
55:
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33:
30:
29:
28:
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18:
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1283:
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1237:
1228:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1158:. Retrieved
1154:the original
1128:
1116:. Retrieved
1106:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:
1081:
1070:. Retrieved
1068:. 1927-11-28
1065:
1056:
1045:, retrieved
1038:the original
1029:
1022:
1011:, retrieved
1002:
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971:
963:
951:. Retrieved
937:
877:
858:
845:
841:
837:
826:
822:
818:
816:
809:
804:Douglas DC-6
793:
785:Douglas DC-3
782:
777:
769:
763:
755:TAP Portugal
752:
704:Pico Airport
691:
684:
665:
653:
630:
624:January 2021
621:
606:Please help
594:
569:
566:
562:Nazi Germany
550:
530:
513:
506:
488:
486:
478:Pearl Harbor
473:
456:
442:
436:
404:
400:
396:Monte Brasil
389:
381:Flying Boats
380:
369:Pan American
366:
361:
351:
335:
330:
324:
319:
301:
296:
282:
277:
271:
260:
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232:Newfoundland
225:
223:
217:
167:
162:Curtiss HS2L
155:
149:
139:The city of
138:
123:
117:January 2021
114:
99:Please help
87:
50:
16:
15:
838:Santa Maria
819:Paralelo 38
812:Mota Amaral
789:Avro HS-748
687:Estado Novo
546:G.R. Bromet
377:Anne Morrow
360:called the
253:Tagus River
38:Lajes Field
1316:Categories
1247:Revista DI
1238:Revista DI
1229:Revista DI
1097:2018-03-30
1072:2018-03-30
924:References
766:Beechcraft
533:conference
474:Azores Gap
417:See also:
346:Le Bourget
331:La Frégate
312:Ruth Elder
263:dirigibles
227:Daily Mail
174:Portuguese
1118:15 August
1047:15 August
1013:15 August
677:in 1972,
595:does not
570:aerovacas
495:and five
489:Mirandela
437:Liberator
435:A PB4Y-1
338:Amiot 123
267:Zeppelins
88:does not
953:7 August
882:See also
846:Graciosa
354:Avro 504
148:SM
1221:Sources
1160:15 July
616:removed
601:sources
531:Trident
358:biplane
109:removed
94:sources
56:History
1302:
1262:
984:
842:Flores
554:Seabee
425:, and
306:and a
274:Fokker
145:U-boat
21:Azores
1041:(PDF)
1034:(PDF)
1007:(PDF)
929:Notes
509:Lajes
150:U-155
141:Horta
1300:ISBN
1260:ISBN
1162:2011
1120:2011
1049:2011
1015:2011
982:ISBN
955:2011
873:A320
869:A310
778:Açor
770:Açor
747:and
723:SATA
599:any
597:cite
394:and
362:Açor
241:NC-4
216:The
92:any
90:cite
978:167
834:ATP
655:of
610:by
480:by
103:by
1318::
1140:^
1090:.
1064:.
980:,
945:.
421:,
356:K
255:.
176::
1164:.
1122:.
1100:.
1075:.
957:.
825:/
718:.
712:;
706:;
700:;
637:)
631:(
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622:(
618:.
604:.
383:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
111:.
97:.
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